Applying Buddhist Right Livelihood (Sammā Ājīva) for Businessmen in Vietnam

Abstract

This qualitative study had three objectives: (1) to examine unethical business conditions and their impacts in Vietnam; (2) to investigate Right Livelihood (Sammā Ājīva) in Buddhist scriptures; and (3) to propose an application of Buddhist Right Livelihood to business practice in Vietnam. Data were collected through documentary research and in-depth interviews with six key informants representing different perspectives on ethical business and the practical application of Right Livelihood.

The findings indicate that unethical business practices remain a significant concern in Vietnam despite rapid economic development. Major contributing factors include weak ethical awareness, incomplete or inconsistently enforced legal frameworks, and the pursuit of short-term profit, with consequences for society and the environment. Buddhist Right Livelihood emphasizes earning a living without harming oneself or others and therefore provides an ethical basis for business conduct. Based on the documentary and interview findings, the study proposes the “Three Rightness” model, comprising Rightness Regarding Persons, Rightness Regarding Actions, and Rightness Regarding Products. The model highlights ethical leadership, responsible conduct, stakeholder respect, social responsibility, and the provision of quality and sustainable products and services. It offers a context-sensitive framework for integrating Buddhist ethics into contemporary business practice in Vietnam.