An Application of the Four Sublime States of Mind (Brahmavihārā) for Ethical Development of Youth at Can Tho University in Vietnam

Abstract

This research article examines the application of the four sublime states of mind (brahmavihārā) for ethical development among youth at Can Tho University in Vietnam. The study has three objectives: first, to examine the problems and causes of unethical behavior among Vietnamese youth at Can Tho University; second, to study the concept of the four sublime states of mind as presented in Theravāda Buddhist scriptures; and third, to propose ways of applying brahmavihārā for youth ethical development in the university context. The study employs a qualitative research design, using documentary analysis of Buddhist texts and related literature, focus group discussions with 23 students, and in-depth interviews with five lecturers.

The findings reveal that ethical problems among students include academic dishonesty, disrespect, bullying, inappropriate classroom behavior, lack of cooperation, and substance abuse. These problems arise from individual, family, school-related, and social factors, as well as insufficient attention to mental well-being and ethical cultivation. The study further finds that the four sublime states of mind, loving-kindness (mettā), compassion (karuṇā), sympathetic or appreciative joy (muditā), and equanimity (upekkhā), function as an integrated Buddhist ethical framework. Loving-kindness supports respect and goodwill; compassion encourages care and assistance; sympathetic joy reduces jealousy and unhealthy competition; and equanimity cultivates emotional balance and wise judgment.

The article argues that integrating brahmavihārā into higher education can support holistic ethical development by strengthening self-awareness, empathy, respectful communication, social responsibility, and emotional maturity. The study contributes to Buddhist studies and educational ethics by demonstrating the practical relevance of Buddhist moral cultivation for youth development in contemporary Vietnamese higher education.