Ways for Peacebuilding in Myanmar by Applying Maṅgala Sutta

Abstract

This study explores the potential of the Maṅgala Sutta, a foundational Buddhist text, as a framework for peacebuilding in Myanmar, a nation deeply affected by political conflict and ethnic tensions. The objectives of this research are threefold: (1) to examine the context of political conflict in Myanmar; (2) to peruse the Maṅgala Sutta as a framework for peacebuilding in Myanmar; (3) To propose ways for peacebuilding in Myanmar society through the application of the Maṅgala Sutta. The research employs qualitative methods to analyze the Maṅgala Sutta and data sourced from scholarly literature, including Eastern and Western articles, books, and websites, focusing on ethics and methods of political conflict resolution.

The results indicate that the ongoing crisis in Myanmar, intensified by the military coup of 2021, is deeply entrenched in a legacy of military rule, economic inequality, and unaddressed ethnic disputes. These fundamental challenges underscore the necessity for culturally relevant peacebuilding strategies that tackle both the structural and interpersonal aspects of the conflict. The findings underscore the importance of the Maṅgala Sutta’s Political Ethics Code, which consists of 14 ethical principles drawn from its 38 blessings. These principles promote integrity, transparency, accountability, and respect for human rights while fostering non-violence, mindfulness, and compassion. In the context of Myanmar, these guidelines encourage leaders to refrain from forming alliances with violent factions, prioritize the welfare of the public, and support economic growth. Moreover, it emphasizes virtues such as patience, equanimity, interfaith dialogue, and peaceful communication to alleviate social unrest and combat poverty.

The study further delves into the Maṅgala Sutta’s methodology for resolving political conflicts, stressing non-confrontation, self-discipline, and attentiveness to positive qualities (appamādo ca dhammesu). These principles advocate for the development of harmonious relations and peaceful approaches to resolving disputes and external pressures. By promoting respect, non-violence, and collaboration, the Maṅgala Sutta provides a culturally relevant and sustainable framework for addressing Myanmar's challenges, thereby fostering ethical leadership, social cohesion, and enduring peace.