ความสืบเนื่องและการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางวัฒนธรรมของชาวไทย เชื้อสายโปรตุเกส: กรณีศึกษาชุมชนวัดซางตาครู้ส ย่านกุฎีจีน กรุงเทพมหานคร

Abstract

The purpose of this research on the Continuity and Change of Thai-Portuguese Culture: A Case Study of Santa Cruz (Gudichin) Community, Bangkok (Rattanakosin Era) is to study the effects of general social conditions on the continuity and change of Santa Cruz Community. Santa Cruz Community was found to be of interest and suitable as a case study because this community has a unique culture backed up by ceremonies, which is stronger than that of Conception Church Community and Holy Rosary Church Community. Continuity and change of culture in Santa Cruz (Gudichin) Community have depended on both Thai (national) and worldwide conditions. National social conditions that have affected on Portugal-cultural continuity are; 1. The pride of the Portuguese as servants of Thai King from Ayutthaya era until the beginning of Rattanakosin Era. 2. The unity of Catholic religion in Thailand. Portuguese and other Catholic believers of other nationalities were united in maintaining the continuity of their ceremonies, such as ceremonies on The Good Friday and building of religious centers such as the Catholic cathedral in Santa Cruz (Gudichin) Community. 3. Trends of the local community since 1997 to show Portuguese cultural roots in Thailand. The worldwide phenomenon at that time was international trading between European and Asian countries, and the Thai and Portuguese Governments adopted the policy of promoting cultural exchanges to strengthen their trading cooperation. Change of Portuguese culture in Thailand has depended on; 1. Geography and food plants in Thailand, which caused Portuguese foods and desserts to be different from the original ones in Portugal. 2. The Thai government’s policy of placing Portuguese people under the commoner system since the beginning of Rattanakosin era. Others policies also had their effect, such as making Portuguese people to be Thai citizens by Registration of Domicile Act, Surname Act and laws requiring those citizens to acquire Thai education. 3. Conditions relating to the adaptation of the Catholic religion after The Vatican Second Arrangement (1965) to help Catholicism adapt itself such that Catholics worldwide could get along with local communities.