The Mediating and Moderating effect of Grit in Relationship between Personal Growth Initiative and Midlife Crisis Concerns among Working Age People
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective To examine relationship between three variables and to investigate the effect of grit as a mediator and moderator between personal growth initiative and midlife crisis concerns.
Materials and methods The research method was a cross-sectional study and data were collected using questionnaires namely Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II, The Grit Scale, and The Chinese Midlife Crisis Scale. 319 samples aged 40-60 years old who were working in Bangkok, Thailand participated in this study. The data were analysed with SPSS for descriptive statistics and correlation, whereas PROCESS program was used for mediation and moderation analysis.
Results The results found a significant correlation between three main variables at weak to moderate level. It demonstrated a partial mediation role of grit, which could predict the decrement of midlife crisis concerns approximately at 26% when combined with personal growth initiative. However, the moderating effect of grit was not verified. This could be attributed that the prediction of relationship between personal growth initiative and midlife crisis concerns did not depend on the level of grit.
Conclusion This research implied grit as a positive mediator, and it supported the useful role of grit in helping middle-aged workers to potentially reduce personal concerns to overcome the transitional crisis with better mental health through giving a career counseling related work or life-transitional problems, including participating in personal growth initiative intervention, exclusively in middle-aged workers who the responsibility and many concerns
Article Details
เรื่องที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารจิตวิทยาคลินิกแล้วถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์การเผยแพร่โดยวารสารจิตวิทยาคลินิกแต่เพียงผู้เดียว การตีพิมพ์หรือเผยแพร่ซ้ำในที่อื่นต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากกองบรรณาธิการวารสารฯ
References
Arpanantikul, M. (2003). Midlife experiences of Thai women. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 47(1), 49-56.
Aguinis, H., Beaty, J. C., Boik, R. J., & Pierce, C. A. (2005). Effect size and power in assessing moderating effects of categorical variables using multiple regression: A 30-year review. Journal of Applied Psychology. 90(1), 94-107.doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.94.
Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 51(6), 1173-1182.
Ceschi, A., Sartori, R., Dickert, S., & Costantini, A. (2016). Grit or honesty-humility? New insights into the moderating role of personality between the health impairment process and counterproductive work behavior. Frontiers in Psychology. 7. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01799.
Chotitham, S. (2018). A casual model of achievement of Northern undergraduate students with grit as a mediator. JEDU NU. 20(4), 230-239. (In Thai).
Cole, A. B. (2018). An examination of grit as a moderator of the relationship between perceived discrimination and suicide Ideation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Okalahoma, United States.
Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M.D., & Kelly, D.R. (2007). Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 92(6), 1087-1101. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087.
Duckworth, A. L. (2017). Grit: why passion and resilience are the secrets to success. London: Vermillion, 270-321.
Dancey, C.P., Reidy, J. (2011). Statistics without maths for psychology fifth edition. Harlow: Prentice Hall, 176.
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. (2016). Chapter 1:Life satisfaction in the transition region. Life in Transition Survey III. Retrieved from https://www.ebrd.com/documents/oce/ pdf- life- in- transition- iii- lifesatisfaction.pdf.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach. New York: Gilford Press.
Jongjumruspan, B. (2016). The association between hope and flourish: the moderating roles of grit and stress. Unpublished master’s thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. (In Thai).
Kaewkangwan, S. (1991). Psychology of middle adulthood (1st ed.). Bangkok:Takieng. (In Thai).
Kaplan, P. S. (1998). The human odyssey: Life-span development (3rd ed.). Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole.
Kim, Y. J. (2015). Study on the role of grit in Korean elderly suicide ideation. Advanced Science and Technology Letters. 91(2015), 67-70.
LaCava, A. (2017). Grit: the moderator between workaholism and work-family conflict (Unpublished master’s thesis). Xavier University, Ohio, United States.
Laochweerapanich, Y. (2015). The relationship between perception of inter-parental conflict and psychological well-being of undergraduates: the mediating effect of personal growth initiative (Unpublished master’ s thesis). Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. (In Thai).
Lopez, S. J., Pedrotti, J. T., & Snyder, C. R.(2015) . Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths (3rd ed.). Thousand Oak: SAGE, 19-33.
Luyckx, K., Robitschek, C. (2014). Personal growth initiative and identity formation in adolescence through young adulthood: Mediating processes on the pathway to well-being. Journal of Adolescence. 37(2014), 973-981.
MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M.(2000). Equivalence of the mediation, confoundating and suppression effect. Prevention Science. 1(4), 173.doi:10.1023/a:1026595011371.
Office of the National Economics and Social development Council (2019). Human achievement index-HAI 2019. Retrieved from http://social.nesdc.go.th/ social/ Portals/0/Documents/HAI%202562_290663.pdf (In Thai).
Preacher, K.J., Hayes, A.F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers. 36(4), 717-731.
Reraki, M., Celik, I., & Saricam, H. (2015).Grit as a mediator of the relationship between motivation and achievement. Ozean Journal of Social Science. 8(1), 19-32. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15063.78240.
Robinson, O. C. & Wright, G. R. T. (2013). The prevalence, types and perceived outcomes of crisis episodes in early adulthood and midlife: A structured retrospective-autobiographical study.
International Journal of Behavioral Development. 37, 407-416. doi:10.1177/0165025413492464.
Robitschek, C. (1998) . Personal growth initiative: the construct and its measure. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling & Development. 30(4) , 183-198.
Ruangdejsiripong, N. (2016). Relationships among stress, stigma, attitudes toward psychological help seeking, and midlife crisis in working age persons (Unpublished master’ s thesis). Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. (In Thai).
Ruangtrakool, S. (2010). Basic psychiatry and mental disorder (2 nd ed.). Bangkok: Ruenkaew Printing. (In Thai).
Shek, D. T. L. (1996). Midlife crisis in Chinese men and women. The Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary and Applied. doi:101080/00223980.1996.9914993.
Silcharu, T. (2018). Research and analysis of statistical data with SPSS and AMOS (17th ed.). Bangkok: Business Publishing R&D. (In Thai).
Slick, S. N. & Lee, C. S. (2014). The relative levels of grit and their relationship with potential dropping-out and university adjustment of foreign students in Korea. Journal of Digital Convergence. 12(8), 61-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2014.12.8.61.
Thoen, M. A., Robitschek, C. (2013). Intentional growth training: developing an intervention to increase personal growth initiative. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being. 5(2), 149-170.doi:10.1111/aphw.12001.
Tuicomepee, A. (2017, March 5). Chula Inside: preparation for depression in aging. Chulalongkorn University. Retrieved from https://www.chula.ac.th/cuinside/5149. (In Thai).
Wang, Y. C. , Tien, H. L. S. (2011). The effectiveness of the strength-centered career adjustment model for dualcareer women in Taiwan. The Career Development Quarterly. 59, 467-479.
Wethington, E. (2000) . Expecting stress: Americans and the midlife crisis. Motivation and Emotion. 24(2). 85-103.
Zaman, S. & Naqvi, I. (2018). Role of personal growth initiative as a moderator between stress and mental health among adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research. 33(1),123-147.