Development of Norm the Thai Child and Adolescent Behavior Checklist Appropriated for Thai Context: Norm of Thai Youth Checklist Aged 6-18 Years
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objectives: To establish normative criteria for the Thai Youth Checklist across three informant versions: parent-report, teacher-report, and self-report.
Materials and methods: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Thai Youth Checklist by determining the range of behavioral scores and converting them into standardized T-scores. The sample consisted of 1,690 children and adolescents, including 780 participants aged 6-11 years and 910 participants aged 12-18 years.
Results: For the parent-report version, in the 6-11 age group, males demonstrated a higher clinical cutoff score (100) than females (88). In contrast, in the 12-18 age group, males exhibited a lower cutoff score (93) compared with females (109). For the teacher-report version, among participants aged 6-11 years, the clinical cutoff score for males (95) was higher than that for females (67). A similar pattern was observed in the 12-18 age group, with males showing a higher cutoff score (86) than females (68). For the self-report version among adolescents aged 12-18 years, males had a lower clinical cutoff score (134) than females (138). When converted to standardized T-scores, scores greater than 70.00 indicated the clinical range, scores between 65.01-70.00 indicated a moderate problem range, scores between 60.01-65.00 reflected a mild problem range, and scores between 0-60 were classified as within the normal range across both age groups.
Conclusion: The Thai Youth Checklist, across all three versions, was useful for behavioral assessment and clinical interviewing to identify characteristics and underlying causes of behavioral problems. It provided normative score ranges and standardized T-scores comparable to international versions, enabling interpretation of behavioral problems across four severity levels. The instrument supported high-quality assessment and monitoring of behavioral problems among children and adolescents in community and healthcare settings within the Thai context.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
เรื่องที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารจิตวิทยาคลินิกแล้วถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์การเผยแพร่โดยวารสารจิตวิทยาคลินิกแต่เพียงผู้เดียว การตีพิมพ์หรือเผยแพร่ซ้ำในที่อื่นต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากกองบรรณาธิการวารสารฯ
References
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. (Vol. 4). University of Vermont.
Bukhari, Bukhari, S. A. (2021). Sample size determination using Krejcie and Morgan table. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/ RG.2.2.11445.19687
Center for Child and Family Policy Knowledge (kidforkids). (2022). Children and adolescents are experiencing increased stress and mental health issues. https://kidforkids.org/child-and-family-situation-report-2022/mental-health/
Corkum,P., Panton, R., Ironside, S., MacPherson, M., & Williams, T. (2007). Acute impact of immediate release methylphenidate administered three times a day on sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33(4), 368-379. https://doi.org/10.1093/ jpepsy/jsm106
Deighton, J., Croudace, T., Fonagy, P., Brown, J., Patalay, P., & Wolpert, M. (2014). Measuring mental health and wellbeing outcomes for children and adolescents to inform practice and policy: A review of child self-report measures. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 8(1), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-8-14
Ekasawin, S., & Phothisut, C. (2017). Prevalence of bully experience and psychiatric disorder in Thai students. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, 25(2), 96-106. [in Thai].
Ekasawin, S., Phothisut, C., & Chomchuen, R. (2016). Validity of Thai diagnostic interview for psychiatric disorders in Child and Adolescents-Revised (T-DICA-R): Adolescent version. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, 24(1), 29-39. [in Thai].
Jongrakthanakij, N., Suwannapho, M., Sookatup, J., Chutha, P., & Deangsuk, R. (2023). Intelligence quotient of Thai students in the first year of primary school: A national survey 2021. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, 31(1), 1-11. [in Thai].
Krol, N. P. C. M., De Bruyn, E. E. J., van Aarle, E. J. M., & van den Bercken, J. H. L. (2001). Computerized screening for DSM classifications using CBCL/YSR extended checklists: A clinical try-out. Computers in Human Behavior, 17(3), 315-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(01)00003-6
Lenhard, A., Lenhard, W., Suggate, S., & Segerer, R. (2018). A continuous solution to the norming problem. Assessment, 25(1), 112-125. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116656437
Leung, P. W., Kwong, S. L., Tang, C. P., Ho, T. P., Hung, S. F., Lee, C. C., Hong, S. L., Chiu, C. M., & Liu, W. S. (2006). Test-retest reliability and criterion validity of the Chinese version of CBCL, TRF, and YSR. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(9), 970-973. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005. 01570.x
Manomaivong, V., Wannapaschaiyong, P., Sirisakpanit, S., Kantasorn, J., Tarugsa, J., Piyaphanee, N., & Chantaratin, S. (2023). Validity and reliability of a Thai behavioral and emotional screening tool for children with enuresis (TBEST-E). Siriraj Medical Journal, 75(9), 674-679. https://doi.org/10.33192/ smj.v75i9.264058 [in Thai].
National Education Information System. (2024). Educational statistics of Thailand, academic year 2023. Office of the Education Council. https://isted.onec.go.th/kpi/11 [in Thai].
National Statistical Office. (2018). Number of mid-year population by sex, region and province (Ministry of Public Health): Year 2012-2024. https://www.nso.go.th/nsoweb/nso/statistics_and_indicators?impt_branch=300 [in Thai].
Nuansri, M., Tangdhanakanond, K., & Pasiphol, S. (2017). Development of a norm of multidimensional responsible citizenship scale of lower secondary school students. Journal of Graduate Studies Valaya Alongkron Rajabhat University, 11(3), 143-145. [in Thai].
Panyawong, W., Santitadakul, R., & Pavasuthipaisit, C. (2020). Prevalence of depression and suicidal risks in Thai adolescents: A survey in schools from 13 Public Health Region. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, 28(2), 136-149. [in Thai].
Pityaratstian, N., Booranasuksakul, T., Juengsiragulwit, D., & Benyakorn, S. P. (2014). ADHD screening properties of the Thai version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale (SNAP-IV) and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand, 59(2), 97-110. [in Thai].
Piyasil, V., Sriudomkajorn, S., & Suwanpairat, J. (2008). Behavioral problems of epileptic children at Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 91(Suppl. 3), S9-S14. [in Thai].
Pornnoppadol, C., Ladawan na Ayudhay, S., Phoasavasdi, C., & Surapongphiwattana, T. (2017). Development of game addiction protection scale (GAME-P). Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand, 62(1), 3-16. [in Thai].
Santitadakul, R., & Panyawong, W. (2025). Development of norm the thai child and adolescent behavior checklist appropriated for thai context: Confirmatory factor analysis of the thai youth checklist. Thai Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(3), 30-46. https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/tci-thaijclinicpsy/article/view/289330 [in Thai].
Santitadakul, R., Panyawong, W., & Dachpanyawat, S. (2018). The revised and reliability of the thai youth checklist: TYC). Thai Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(1), 1-15. [in Thai].
Shahrivar, Z., Tehrani-Doost, M., Khorrami Banaraki, A., & Mohammadzadeh, A. (2020). Normative data and reliability of the moving shapes paradigm. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 15(2), 143-149.
Suwanlert, S., & Sriphunphon, S. (1999). Manual for the Thai Youth Checklist (TYC) (4th rev. ed.). Chulalongkorn University Press. [in Thai].
Suwanmaitree, S., & Ekasawin, S. (2016). The study of psychometric property and norm of Thai youth checklist: Self-report. Rajanukul Institute Journal, 31(1), 13-24. [in Thai].
Wattanasophon, J., Sriphunphol, S., Wuttipong worachoke, K., & Wichai, S. (1998). Behavior problems of adolescents in Bangkok. Rajanagarindra Institute of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. [in Thai].
Weiss, B., Tram, J. M., Weisz, J. R., Rescorla, L., & Achenbach, T. M. (2009). Differential symptom expression and somatization in Thai versus U.S. children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(5), 987-992. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016779
Weisz, J. R., Chaiyasit, W., Weiss, B., Eastman, K. L., & Jackson, E. W. (1995). A multimethod study of problem behavior among Thai and American children in school: Teacher reports versus direct observations. Child Development, 66(2), 402-415. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131586
Weisz, J. R., Suwanlert, S., Chaiyasit, W., Weiss, B., Achenbach, T. M., & Walter, B. R. (1987). Epidemiology of behavioral and emotional problems among Thai and American children: Parent reports for ages 6 to 11. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(6), 890-897. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/00004583-198726060-00014
Wongpiromsarn, Y., Wipulakorn, P., Nuanmanee, S., Woener, W., & Mongkol, A. (2012). Strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) Thai improved version: Change and administration. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, 19(2), 128-134. [in Thai].
