A Further Development of Self-esteem Inventory to Pictorial Form for the 2nd-6th Grade Students
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed (1) to develop a pictorial self-esteem inventory for 2nd-6th grade students, and (2) to examine the psychometric properties of the developed instrument, including content validity, construct validity, reliability, and item discrimination.
Materials and methods: Participants were 507 students in Grades 2-6 from schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, South Krung Thon district, during the first semester of the 2022 academic year. Multi-stage sampling was employed. The instrument consisted of 17 pictorial items representing three components: self-satisfaction, ability and achievement, and self-worth. Content validity was assessed by five experts using the content validity index (CVI). Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha and corrected item-total correlation.
Results: Item-level content validity indices (I-CVI) ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the scale-level CVI (S-CVI) was 0.91. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.91, with all corrected item-total correlations exceeding 0.30. CFA results indicated a good model fit (χ² = 108.39, df = 89, p = 0.079, GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.021, SRMR = 0.026, CFI = 1.00).
Conclusion: The developed pictorial self-esteem inventory demonstrates good validity and reliability and is suitable for assessing self-esteem levels among primary school students in Grades 2-6.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
เรื่องที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารจิตวิทยาคลินิกแล้วถือเป็นลิขสิทธิ์การเผยแพร่โดยวารสารจิตวิทยาคลินิกแต่เพียงผู้เดียว การตีพิมพ์หรือเผยแพร่ซ้ำในที่อื่นต้องได้รับอนุญาตจากกองบรรณาธิการวารสารฯ
References
Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. (2022). Educational statistics report, academic year 2021: Schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. Planning and Information Group, Department of Education. http://mis.moe.go.th/wp-content/uploads/ 2023/10/สถิติการศึกษา-2565.pdf [in Thai]
Birndorf, S., Ryan, S., Auinger, P., & Aten, M. (2005). High self-esteem among adolescents: Longitudinal trends, sex differences, and protective factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37(3), 194-201.
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Chung, J. M., Hutteman, R., van Aken, M. A. G., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2017). High, low, and in between: Self-esteem development from middle childhood to young adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality, 70, 122-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.07.002
Coopersmith, S. (1984). Self-esteem inventories. Consulting Psychologist Press.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Department of Mental Health. (2017). Mental health situation report of children and adolescents in Thailand B.E. 2560. Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health. [in Thai]
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. Guilford Press.
Harter, S. (2012). Self-perception profile for children: Manual and questionnaires (Grades 3-8). University of Denver.
Hosogi, M., Okada, A., Fujii, C., Noguchi, K., & Watanabe, K. (2012). Importance and usefulness of evaluating self-esteem in children. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 6, Article 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-6-9
Howell, D. C. (2013). Statistical methods for psychology (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Inthasiri, T. (2000). Development of a Thai phrase and sentence development test for children aged 3 to 7 years and 11 months in Bangkok [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Mahidol University. [in Thai]
Kanjampha, A. (2017). Self-esteem of children and youth offenders in the Eastern Juvenile Vocational Training Center [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Thammasat University. [in Thai]
Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35(6), 382-386. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017
Marsh, H. W. (1989). Age and sex effects in multiple dimensions of self-concept: Preadolescence to early adulthood. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 417-430. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.417
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). Harper & Row.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Phoolphong, S. (2013). Structural equation model. Wattana Panich. [in Thai]
Phoomnum, T. (2019). Development of a language development assessment scale for Thai children [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Chiang Mai University. [in Thai]
Piaget, J. (1972). The psychology of the child. Basic Books.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal, and utilization (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2008). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (8th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Pornnoppadol, C., Winadda, P., Jittorn, J., & Chanpen, S. (2013). Thai ADHD Screening Scales (THAISS): User manual for children and adolescents aged 3-18 years. Media Zone Printing. [in Thai]
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
Srijun, K., Seree, P., Pornnoppadol, C., & Putthisri, S. (2018). Development of a self-esteem scale for Grade 4-6 primary school students. Journal of Educational Research, 13(1), 1-14. [in Thai]
Trangkhasombat, U. (2012). Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI): Thai version. Office of the Department of Mental Health. [in Thai]
World Health Organization. (2020). Guidelines on mental health promotive and preventive interventions for adolescents: helping adolescents thrive. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/336864
Yamane, T. (1973). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd ed.). Harper & Row.
