A ̅na ̅pa ̅nasati in Pali Canon: Integrated Structure and Process
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Abstract
The objective of this research article is to study, analyze, and synthesize the structure and process of n
p
nasati meditation as presented in the Pali canon. It is a basic research that uses a documentary research method, collecting data from the Pali canon, analyzing the data through content analysis, synthesizing it into a diagram, and presenting it through a descriptive analysis.
The research found that n
p
nasati meditation appears in 14 Pali canon books, which are books 1, 10, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 31, and 37, with a total of 47 suttas. There are three types of structure and process of
n
p
nasati meditation: 1. The concise type, which has two things to eliminate, namely sensual desire and repulsive perception, and one thing to establish, which is mindfulness. It appears in one sutta in the Pali canon. 2. The standard type, which starts with being in a secluded place, sitting in a cross-legged position, having mindfulness of breathing to observe the breath, feelings, mind and mind objects, each at the four levels, totaling 16 steps. It appears in 21 suttas. 3. The integrated type, which starts with practicing the standard type of
n
p
nasati meditation, then progressing to the four foundations of mindfulness and the seven factors of enlightenment, in order to achieve wisdom and liberation. It appears in four suttas.
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