In Which Vassa (Rains Retreat) of the Buddha, Was the First Bhikkhuni Ordained?
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Abstract
The purpose of this academic article was to provide information on which year (vassa, since the awakening) of the Buddha that the first Bhikkhuni, Mahāprajāpatī Gautamī, received ordination. Various books and media offer varying information on this, with some claiming the fifth vassa, others the seventh, and still others the fifteen. This article focuses exclusively on the Tipitaka and its commentaries. The obtained data between each text were compared and analyzed. From the study, the findings found that precise information was not identified in Buddhist texts; there was only information that the first Bhikkhuni was born after King Śuddhodana attained Nibbāna, and after both sides of the Buddha's relatives had conflict over water for farming; however, there is only information about the location of both events but not the year. As a result, it is unclear in which vassa year of the Buddha the first Bhikkhu was ordained.
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