Social Teaching Studies Instructional Systems on Buddha’s Method for Monks in School of Department of Primary Education Area Nakornsawan

Abstract

This study aimed to: 1. examine the body of knowledge related to Buddhist-based social studies instruction delivered by monk-teachers in schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Office of Nakhon Sawan Province; 2. assess the existing problems and needs for developing the instructional system; 3. develop a Buddhist-based social studies instructional system; and 4. evaluate and certify the system after development. The research employed a research and development (R&D) design using a mixed-method approach, integrating surveys and in-depth interviews. The sample consisted of 196 participants, determined using the Krejcie and Morgan sample size table and selected through stratified random sampling, along with 11 key informants. Research instruments included questionnaires and in-depth interview forms, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

The results revealed that: 1. the Buddhist-based instructional system comprised five key components based on the CIPOF Model and a five-step teaching process, integrating the Four Modes of Teaching to promote learners’ knowledge and moral development; 2. overall problems and needs were at a high level (x̅ = 3.95, S.D. = 0.154), with instructional implementation rated highest (x̅ = 4.08) and the instructional system rated lowest (x̅ = 3.86), indicating the need for improvement in all areas; 3. the developed system consisted of components related to context, input, process, output, and monitoring, together with five instructional steps: preparation, teaching implementation, media utilization, classroom atmosphere creation, and assessment; and 4. the system was validated by experts through a focus group discussion and presented as the CHIRAYU MODEL, a new body of knowledge applicable for enhancing Buddhist-based social studies instruction and effectively fostering moral and ethical development among basic education students.