Journal of Applied Psychology and Buddhism for Society

A Personnel Management Model in Crisis Situations for Executive Managers in Organizations According to Buddhist Psychology

Thanasak Pontappasarn, Witchuda Titichoatrattana, Napat Kaewnak — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aims to: 1. explore concepts and theories of personnel management in times of crisis; 2. develop a personnel management model based on Buddhist psychology; and 2. evaluate the proposed management model for organizational leaders under crisis conditions in accordance with Buddhist psychological principles. The study employed qualitative research and documentary research methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 19 participants and focus group discussions with 12 individuals.

The findings reveal that: 1. Effective personnel management during crises emphasizes visionary leadership, clear communication, mindful decision-making, adaptability, and morale support. These elements are integrated with Buddhist psychological principles such as mettā (loving-kindness), sati (mindfulness), and yonisomanasikāra (wise reflection) to promote psychological stability and work efficiency. 1. The development of the Buddhist psychology-based management model centers on using mindfulness, compassion, and wise reflection to foster self-awareness, empathy, stress reduction, and sustainable workplace well-being. 3. The evaluation indicates that the model is appropriate, clear, and practically applicable in crisis situations. It effectively enhances mindfulness, compassion, and collaboration while reducing organizational stress. The simulation-based evaluation confirms its real-world applicability. The results propose the concept of a “Buddhist-Wisdom Executive,” as illustrated in Thanasak’s Model, characterized by competence, virtue, and well-being. This model contributes meaningfully to the development of executives capable of managing personnel effectively during crises.

Factors Affecting on Academic Burnout of Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers

Mingkhwan Phinyoyang, Paradee Kambhu Na Ayudhaya, Thammachot Aeamtussana — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This quantitative research aimed to investigate the factors influencing academic burnout among physical education pre-service teachers. Four key factors were examined: psychological resilience, emotional intelligence, academic engagement, and physical activity. The sample consisted of 871 undergraduate students majoring in physical education from Srinakharinwirot University, Chulalongkorn University, and Kasetsart University, studying in years 1 to 4 in the academic year 2023. A stratified sampling method followed by simple random sampling was employed, with the sample size determined using Yamane’s formula at a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error, yielding a total of 250 participants. The research instrument was a questionnaire assessing the factors related to academic burnout. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Analysis.

The research findings revealed that: Emotional intelligence, academic engagement, and physical activity were negatively correlated with academic burnout at the .05 level of significance. Emotional intelligence, psychological resilience, and academic engagement were statistically significant predictors of academic burnout, ranked in descending order of impact. Physical activity did not show a statistically significant relationship with academic burnout. The regression equation in raw scores is: Y = 4.15 + 0.27X₁ - 0.70X₂ - 0.22X₃ + 0.00X₄ The regression equation in standardized scores is: Z = 0.18X₁ - 0.55X₂ - 0.16X₃ - 0.03X₄

Development of Elderly Quality of Life Based on the Fourfold Cultivation at Primary Health Care in Na Noi District, Nan Province

Ratchaneekorn Tasen, Phrakru Sutananthapandit -, Theeratas Rojkitjakul — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: 1. study the quality of life of the elderly at Sub-district Health Promoting Hospitals in Na Noi District, Nan Province; 2. examine the relationship between the Four Foundations of Mindfulness (Phavana 4) and the quality of life of the elderly at these health centers; and 3. propose a model for enhancing the quality of life of the elderly based on the Four Foundations of Mindfulness. This was a mixed-methods research. The quantitative component involved 258 elderly participants from Sathan and Santha sub-districts, selected using Taro Yamane's formula. A questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.749 and an IOC (Index of Item-Objective Congruence) of 0.783 was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and significance testing. The qualitative component involved in-depth interviews with 10 key informants, including Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital administrators, local leaders (such as village headmen and sub-district chiefs), Buddhist practitioners, public administration officers, and community leaders. A structured interview guide was employed, and data were analyzed using descriptive content analysis.

The findings revealed that: 1) the overall quality of life of the elderly at Sub-district Health Promoting Hospitals in Na Noi District was at a high level ( = 3.72), and the application of the Four Foundations of Mindfulness to quality of life development was also at a high level ( = 3.92); 2) there was a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between the Four Foundations of Mindfulness and the quality of life of the elderly (R = 0.443**, p < 0.01); and 3) the proposed model for enhancing elderly quality of life based on the Four Foundations of Mindfulness involves a holistic approach—addressing physical, economic, social, and spiritual dimensions. The model promotes health literacy, encourages self-care, and fosters active participation of the elderly in community activities. It also aims to enhance mental resilience, enabling the elderly to adapt positively to physical changes and live with dignity as respected senior citizens in society.

The Development of Critical Thinking Abilities in Thai Literature by Using REAP Strategies Combined with Online Lessons for Mathayom 4 Students

Kanokwan Phetthai, Songphop Khunmathurot — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this study were to: 1. develop and improve instructional lesson plans using the REAP strategy integrated with online lessons to enhance the critical thinking skills of Mathayomsuksa 4 students in Thai literature; 2. compare students’ critical thinking skills in Thai literature before and after the instructional intervention; and 3. investigate students’ satisfaction with the learning process. The sample consisted of Mathayomsuksa 4/1 students from Ulitphaiboonchanupatham School during the second semester of the 2024 academic year, selected through simple random sampling by classroom. The research instruments included: 1) instructional lesson plans utilizing the REAP strategy with online lessons, 2) online learning materials, 3) a critical thinking assessment in Thai literature administered as both a pretest and posttest, and 4) a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and paired sample t-tests.

The findings revealed that: 1. the developed instructional lesson plans were rated at the highest level of appropriateness; 2. students’ critical thinking skills in Thai literature significantly improved after the instructional intervention at the .05 level of significance; and 3.students reported the highest level of satisfaction with the instructional approach integrating the REAP strategy and online lessons.

The Development of Analytical Thinking Skills of Matthayomsuksa 3 Students by Using the 5E Inquiry-Based Learning Process along with the Detective Club Board Game

Paweeya Am-on, Songphop Khunmathurot — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were: 1. to develop a learning management plan based on the 5E Inquiry-Based Learning Model integrated with the Detective Club board game to enhance the analytical thinking abilities of Mathayomsuksa 3/1 students, 2. to compare the students’ analytical thinking abilities before and after participating in the learning process, and 3. to examine students’ satisfaction with the 5E inquiry-based learning approach combined with the Detective Club board game. This study employed an experimental research design. The sample consisted of 30 Mathayomsuksa 3/1 students from Ulitphaiboonchanoopatham School, selected using simple random sampling (drawing lots) from one classroom out of a total of four during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The research instruments included: 1. a 9-hour learning management plan based on the 5E Inquiry-Based Learning Model integrated with the Detective Club board game, 2. an analytical thinking ability test, and 3. a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and a dependent samples t-test.

The results revealed that: 1. the developed learning management plan was rated at the highest level ( = 4.75, SD = 0.33); 2. students’ analytical thinking abilities after the intervention were significantly higher than before at the 0.05 level of significance; and 3. students reported the highest level of satisfaction with the learning process ( = 4.62, SD = 0.52).

Integration of the Iddhipada Principles for Enhancing the Management Efficiency of Pua Sub-district Municipality, Pua District, Nan Province

Phudit Inthai, Theeratas Rojkitjakul , Thitiwut Munmee — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to achieve the following objectives: 1. To assess the level of management efficiency of Pua Sub-District Municipality, Pua District, Nan Province. 2. To examine the relationship between the Iddhipada principles and the management efficiency of Pua Sub-District Municipality, Pua District, Nan Province. 3. To propose a development model for enhancing the management efficiency of Pua Sub-District Municipality, Pua District, Nan Province, based on the Iddhipada principles. This study employs a mixed-methods research approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative component targets individuals aged 18 years and over, totaling 8,786 residents of Pua Sub-District Municipality. A sample of 383 participants was selected using Taro Yamane’s formula for sample size determination. For the qualitative component, in-depth interviews were conducted with ten key informants, including local executives, senior administrators, representatives, public administration scholars, and Buddhist practitioners. Data were collected using a structured interview format. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was employed to test the hypotheses.

The findings were as follows: 1. The overall level of management efficiency of Pua Sub-District Municipality was found to be at a moderate level ( = 3.16). When integrated with the Iddhipada principles, the management efficiency was also rated at a moderate level ( = 3.20). 2. There was a strong positive correlation between the application of the Iddhipada principles and the management efficiency of Pua Sub-District Municipality (R = .874**), which was statistically significant at the 0.01 level. 3. The proposed development approach for enhancing management efficiency based on the Iddhipada principles includes: 1) Chanda (desire): Cultivating passion for one's work, being satisfied with responsibilities, and developing a strong sense of duty and commitment. 2) Viriya (effort): Performing duties with determination, perseverance, and resilience, viewing obstacles as challenges, and working persistently until success is achieved. 3) Citta (attention): Maintaining focus and mindfulness in managing both personnel and tasks, and avoiding distractions to ensure effective performance. 4) Vimamsa (investigation): Continuously reflecting and analyzing situations with wisdom, identifying shortcomings, and making ongoing improvements when errors are found.

Development of Matthayomsuksa 1 Students Reading Comprehension Abilities Using OK5R Learning with the Legend of Sukhothai Province

Pichaya Paenngoen, Krittayakan Topithak — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to 1. compare the reading comprehension ability of Grade 7 students before and after instruction, 2. compare their post-instruction reading comprehension ability with the 75% criterion, and 3. examine students' satisfaction with the development of reading comprehension ability using the OK5R instructional model combined with Sukhothai legends. The sample consisted of 40 Matthayomsuksa 1 students from Udomdarunee School, selected through cluster random sampling. The research instruments included 1) lesson plans based on the OK5R instructional model combined with Sukhothai legends, 2) a reading comprehension test, and 3) a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

The results showed that 1. students’ reading comprehension ability significantly improved after instruction at the .05 level, 2. their post-instruction test scores were significantly higher than the 75% criterion at the .05 level, and 3. students’ satisfaction with the development of reading comprehension ability using the OK5R model combined with Sukhothai legends was at the highest level.

Stress Management Using the Four Noble Truths according to Buddhist Psychology for Students at Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University

Phra Thiraphong Thirapanyo (Salaithong) — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: 1. examine the stress management methods based on the Four Noble Truths among students at Mahachulalongkorn rajavidyalaya University, 2. investigate the level of stress management using the Four Noble Truths among the students, and 3. compare stress management based on the Four Noble Truths among students classified by status, faculty, academic year, academic performance, and family background. The sample group consisted of 316 students selected through stratified and simple random sampling methods. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, F-test, and one-way ANOVA.

The study revealed three key findings: 1. Most students at Mahachula

longkornrajavidyalaya University manage stress through the application of the Four Noble Truths. When faced with stress caused by mistakes, they actively seek solutions to the best of their ability. 2. The overall level of stress management using the Four Noble Truths among the students was high, with a mean score of 4.12. 3. There were no statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level in stress management using the Four Noble Truths among students with different statuses, faculties, academic years, academic achievements, or family backgrounds.

A Causal Relationship Model of Buddhist Psychological Factors Affecting Resilience Quotient of Private Employees

Kanyakorn Khamphan, Siriwat Srikruadong, Witchuda Thitishotirattana — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: 1. develop a causal relationship model of Buddhist psychological factors influencing the enhancement of emotional and mental resilience among private company employees; 2. examine the goodness of fit between the developed model and empirical data; and 2. analyze the causal pathways of Buddhist psychological factors affecting the enhancement of emotional and mental resilience among private company employees. A mixed-methods approach was employed. In Phase 1, the quantitative study involved 400 operational-level employees from private companies in Bangkok, selected through purposive sampling. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument, with a reliability coefficient of .961. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. In Phase 2, the qualitative study involved 11 participants, including experts in Buddhism and Buddhist psychology, entrepreneurs, and both executive and operational-level employees, also selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through focus group discussions to explore the feasibility and application of the developed model in private company settings. The data were analyzed through thematic summary and descriptive explanation.

The research findings revealed that: (1) the developed causal relationship model comprised six variables—emotional and mental resilience, problem-solving skills, self-awareness, moral consciousness development, self-regulation, and social skills; (2) the model demonstrated good fit with the empirical data (χ² = 43.68, df = 60, χ²/df = 0.73, p = 0.94, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.01, RMSEA = 0.00, CFI = 1.00), with all variables collectively predicting 93% of the variance in emotional and mental resilience; and (3) all variables had a direct positive influence on emotional and mental resilience, with moral consciousness development exerting the greatest total effect, followed by self-regulation, self-awareness, and social skills, respectively. Problem-solving skills functioned as a mediating variable. Focus group results indicated unanimous agreement among the experts that the developed model could be effectively applied to design interventions aimed at enhancing emotional and mental resilience among private company employees.

Development of Analytical Reading Ability Using CIPPA Model Learning with Electronic Books for Mathayomsuksa 3 Students

Orathai Padee , Namthip Ongardwanich — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to: 1. Develop a learning management plan utilizing the CIPPA Model in conjunction with electronic books to enhance analytical reading skills among Grade 9 students. 2. Compare students' analytical reading abilities before and after instruction using the CIPPA Model combined with electronic books. 3. Examine students' satisfaction with the learning management approach. The sample group consisted of 40 Grade 9 students from Chalermkwansatree School, Phitsanulok Province, during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The participants were selected using cluster sampling. The research instruments included: A learning management plan designed to enhance analytical reading skills through the CIPPA Model in combination with electronic books. An electronic book on analytical reading. A test to assess analytical reading ability. A questionnaire to measure students' satisfaction with the learning management approach. The statistical methods employed for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, and dependent t-test.

The research findings revealed that: 1. The development of the learning management plan integrating the CIPPA Model and electronic books for Grade 9 students was found to be highly appropriate ( = 4.64, S.D.= 0.50), effectively enhancing students' analytical reading and critical thinking skills. 2. Students' post-instruction analytical reading and critical thinking abilities were significantly higher than their pre-instruction abilities, with a statistical significance level of p < .05. 3. Students’ overall satisfaction with the learning management approach was at the highest level.

The Art of Communication for Letting Go by the Buddha : The Case of Sending His Royal Father to a Blissful State

Jenjira Koollawong , Khanaphot Sukhonthi — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to analyze the art of communication employed by the Buddha during the final moments of King Suddhodana’s life and to extract lessons applicable to contemporary end-of-life care. The analysis reveals that the Buddha adopted a highly sensitive and skillful communication strategy, which included the following key elements: 1. The use of simple yet profound language, deliberately avoiding complex doctrinal terminology; 2. The use of analogies and metaphors that resonate with the listener’s lived experiences; 3. A structured delivery of content that progressed from simple to complex, and from the concrete to the abstract; 4. The use of compassionate tone and nonverbal cues that conveyed kindness and empathy; and 5. The selection of Dhamma teachings that were appropriate for the situation, particularly the concepts of the Three Marks of Existence (Tilakkhaṇa) and the Four Noble Truths (Ariya-sacca).

The most striking aspect of this communicative art lies in its balance between truth and compassion—respecting the dignity of the dying while guiding them toward a wise and peaceful letting go. The insights drawn from this analysis can be applied to modern palliative care in several ways: Communicating mindfully and sincerely; Using Dhamma principles as a framework for facing death; Helping patients understand that letting go is a form of liberation, not abandonment; Creating a peaceful environment conducive to spiritual release; and Providing space for resolving unfinished matters. This article highlights that communication at the end of life is not merely about offering comfort—it is about opening the path to wisdom and awakening. It illustrates that true love does not lie in attachment but in guiding the other toward liberation.

Maranasati: Knowingly When Facing Death

Bongkoch Chansiri, Phrakhrusangkharak Ekapatra Apihichando, Wirachai Kamthorn — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This academic article aims to examine the significance and methods of practicing Maraṇānussati (mindfulness of death) as a means of preparing for a peaceful death, as well as its application in the contemporary context. The importance of Maraṇānussati lies in using the contemplation of death to reflect on the brevity and uncertainty of life. Practicing Maraṇānussati is a way of facing death with wisdom. It involves a comprehensive and nuanced approach that enables practitioners to consider death from various perspectives. This reflection fosters an understanding of the nature of life and leads to the realization that death is a natural and inevitable aspect of existence for all living beings. Maraṇānussati helps practitioners to perceive the impermanent and empty nature of all things—including the body, material possessions, social status, and even the fleeting, uncertain span of human life. Such insight encourages individuals to live meaningful lives, to cultivate virtue, and to reduce fear when confronted with loss or the prospect of death. Recognizing that everyone must eventually face death allows one to develop equanimity and emotional resilience. In the current era, characterized by rapid change and uncertainty, the practice of Maraṇānussati is especially relevant. It supports individuals in coming to terms with the realities of separation and loss. The awareness that one's departure from this world may come at any moment serves as a powerful motivation to perform good deeds, to live mindfully, and to contribute positively to the well-being of oneself and others. By fostering an attitude of heedfulness and presence, mindfulness of death can lead to a more peaceful and purposeful life.

Buddhist Guidance Teachers and the Development of Learners in the 21st Century

Sukkasem Boonpragobporn — Sat, 14 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This academic article aims to present the characteristics of Buddhist guidance teachers and the guidance process for student development in the era of limitless learning. Buddhist guidance teachers are educational professionals who uphold ethical standards and foster positive relationships with students to help them realize their full potential. They aim to cultivate well-rounded individuals with good health and moral integrity, guided by the principles of Brahmavihara Dhamma. In preparing students for the 21st century, these educators emphasize digital literacy, critical awareness, and responsible technology use in a borderless world. The Buddhist guidance process encompasses five key service areas: 1. individual student data collection, 2. information dissemination, 3. psychological counseling, 4. student placement, and 5. monitoring and evaluation. These services cover three core dimensions: educational guidance—fostering positive attitudes toward learning, promoting lifelong education, and developing academic-related skills; career guidance—cultivating healthy attitudes toward work, understanding current and future labor markets, self-exploration, decision-making, educational and career planning, and work readiness skills; and personal-social guidance—focusing on emotional, cognitive, social, and value development, career awareness, self-identity formation, and the shaping of life patterns.

Guidance in the Buddhist context is rooted in two essential principles: Kalyāṇamitta (spiritual friendship) as an external influence, and Yonisomanasikāra (wise reflection) as an internal influence. These principles foster the development of wisdom and problem-solving abilities through Sammā-diṭṭhi (right view), which is realized through a threefold educational process: training in moral conduct (sīla), mental discipline (samādhi), and wisdom (paññā), collectively known as Tri-sikkhā. This holistic model promotes the internal development of learners, aligning education with both spiritual and practical life goals.

Approach to Strengthen Self-Regulation in the BANI World through Vidisa-Samadhi

Sansern Chongpadoongsath, Methawee Udomdhamanupap — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This academic article aims to propose an approach to strengthen self-regulation through the meditation practice; namely "Vidisa-Samadhi" by presenting theoretical insights supporting with evidence from relevant researches and practical guidelines that can be easily applied to strengthen self-regulation skill in the current world; called BANI World.

Self-regulation refers to the ability to control one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in alignment with the established goals. Therefore, it is highly significant in today's world, which is filled with fragility, anxiety, unpredictability, and complexity of which scholars refer to as the BANI World (Brittle, Anxious, Nonlinear, and Incomprehensible). If individuals are unable to regulate themselves while living in a challenging environment as characterized by rapid and uncertain changes, they will not be able to overcome obstacles or achieve success in their lives, careers, or crucial goals. Researches have found that meditation can strengthen self-regulation as it develops emotional awareness and enables individuals to control their emotion and manage their behavior in a manner that aligns with their goals. A simple, quick, and structured method for strengthening self-regulation is the meditation in the form of "Vidisa-Samadhi". This technique requires only 15 minutes a day which can be divided into three sessions; five minutes in the morning, five minutes at noon, and five minutes in the evening. The practice can be performed anywhere without any restrictions. Practitioners require only a comfortable sitting posture and then conduct silent recitation repeatedly and intentionally. The primary goal of Vidisa-Samadhi is to establish a consistent daily practice to continuously enhance willpower or mental strength. This short meditation sessions can gradually generate and then accumulate sufficient willpower or mental strength for individual’s daily living. Therefore, this method is particularly suitable for individuals who do not have time for traditional meditation practices, which may require longer duration.

7 Ways to Develop Your Life According to Buddhist Psychology

Prapee Buri , Phra Thawin Yaipangkaew — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article explores the alignment between Stephen R. Covey’s 7 Habits of Highly Effective People and the Buddhist principle of Sappurisa-dhamma (the Seven Qualities of a Good Person). It provides an analytical comparison of the foundational concepts, highlighting both similarities and differences between the two frameworks. The findings reveal noteworthy parallels: "Be Proactive" corresponds to Dhammaññutā (knowing the cause); "Begin with the End in Mind" aligns with Atthaññutā (knowing the result); "Put First Things First" relates to Mattaññutā (knowing moderation); "Think Win-Win" reflects Attaññutā and Parisaññutā (knowing oneself and knowing the community); "Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood" corresponds to Puggalaññutā (knowing individuals); "Synergize" aligns with Kālaññutā (knowing the proper time); and "Sharpen the Saw" integrates all seven aspects of Sappurisa-dhamma. The study proposes practical approaches for applying these integrated principles in everyday life. It argues that harmonizing the strengths of both systems contributes to holistic self-development—behaviorally, emotionally, and intellectually—enabling individuals to face life’s challenges with equanimity, deepen self-awareness and social understanding, and ultimately attain sustainable happiness grounded in mindfulness and virtue.

Buddhist Psychology and the Enhancement of Justice in Contemporary Thai Society

Kitchoke Phatananiti , Khanapol Tuisuwan — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article explores the application of Buddhist psychology in promoting justice within contemporary Thai society. It examines the core concepts of Buddhist psychology, which encompass three main components: understanding the nature of the mind through mental cultivation (Cittabhāvanā), the Three Characteristics (Trilaksana) that explain the nature of all phenomena, and the integration of modern therapeutic techniques with Buddhist principles. The implementation of Buddhist psychology in fostering justice is addressed through three key dimensions: the development of ethical consciousness, the cultivation of loving-kindness and compassion, and the resolution of conflict. In contemporary Thai society, these practices have been applied at the policy, community, and individual levels. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including the integration of traditional concepts with modern societal frameworks, limited understanding in multicultural contexts, and a shortage of qualified practitioners. Recommendations include the development of curricula and training programs, the promotion of academic research, enhanced inter-organizational collaboration, and the utilization of technology for knowledge dissemination. These strategies aim to contribute to the establishment of a just and peaceful society rooted in sustainability.

Keywords: Buddhist Psychology, Justice, Contemporary Thai Society.

The Development of Computational Thinking in Mathematics Teaching of Elementary School Students

Nalinee Tongkhaw — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Computational thinking has become an essential skill in the era of rapid technological advancement and 21st-century learning. This skill equips students with the ability to address complex problems both in daily life and within the classroom. Mathematics, in particular, aligns closely with the four key components of computational thinking: decomposition, abstraction, pattern recognition, and algorithmic thinking. To foster computational thinking at the primary education level, it is crucial for teachers to employ a

range of age-appropriate instructional strategies. This academic article aims to propose effective teaching approaches for developing computational thinking in mathematics among elementary school students. The study is grounded in a synthesis of relevant research, highlighting pedagogical methods that enhance computational thinking in mathematical contexts. The findings are intended to support educators in designing and implementing effective learning experiences that are suitable for the developmental needs of their students and the specific context of their classrooms.

Creating Motivation to Develop life Problems According to Buddhist Psychology

Vilai Thavornsuwon, Anatthon Benjaworachot , Anuphap Phanchamnan — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Fostering Motivation for Life Goal Development through Chanda: A Buddhist Psychological Perspective. Motivating individuals to develop life goals through chanda (wholesome desire or aspiration) involves formulating personal life challenges based on present realities, as framed within the principles of Buddhist psychology. This process aims to cultivate a future free from anxiety, one that is grounded in freedom, family well-being, hope, and meaningful rewards, appropriate to each stage of life. It emphasizes a deep understanding of the world and of life itself, enabling individuals to direct their lives with clarity and purpose, supported by tools and technologies relevant to the modern era. This developmental path promotes physical vitality, emotional resilience, mental stability, gentle and mindful communication, and the wisdom to solve problems and overcome obstacles. It encourages openness to lifelong learning and active participation in activities that bring benefit to oneself, one's family, society, and organizations. It empowers individuals to lead, to take action, and to embrace change in order to successfully pursue and realize their life goals. Aligned with Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs, this approach integrates sammā-ājīva (right livelihood) as a practical tool, and emphasizes a life guided by chanda, or wholesome intention rooted in virtuous principles. Living in accordance with this path entails ethical conduct, forward movement, and continuous self-development. Ultimately, it represents a process of cultivating motivation and life goals that fulfill the full potential of human existence, with Buddhist psychology serving as the foundational framework for meaningful and purposeful living.

Yonisomanasikara: Transforming Thought for a Happier Life

Jirachada Chiengkul, Trakoon Phumngam, Prapee Buri , Tippa Punnasi — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Yonisomanasikāra (Reasoned Attention), regarded as the root and pinnacle of Dhamma, refers to wise and thorough contemplation guided by wisdom. It involves reflective thinking grounded in systematically organized Buddhist principles. There are ten modes of Yonisomanasikāra: 1) causal analysis, 2) analytical decomposition, 3) contemplation of the three characteristics (anicca, dukkha, anattā), 4) contemplation of the Four Noble Truths, 5) understanding the relationship between meaning and Dhamma, 6) discerning benefits, harm, and solutions, 7) differentiating true and false values, 8) moral reflection, 9) mindfulness of the present moment, and 10) analytical discourse (Vibhajjavāda). These thought processes emerge from mindfulness and are refined through deep introspective analysis. Yonisomanasikāra serves as nourishment for mindfulness and clear comprehension, acting as the dawn of wisdom that can dispel ignorance (avijjā) and craving (taṇhā). It enables the proper alignment of thought processes, steering away from attachment and towards a righteous path in life. This principle can be applied in numerous contexts and integrated into

everyday life, beginning from intention setting to thought flow, leading to effective action and contribution to the well-being of others. As a flexible cognitive strategy, it provides a framework for problem-solving and thought management, cultivating virtuous individuals who think, speak, and act righteously. When the mind is good, all actions follow suit, making Yonisomanasikāra a transformative practice that fosters lasting happiness.

Leadership Development Buddhist Psychology in Modern Innovative Organization

Anatthon Benjaworachot, Vilai Thavornsuwon, Anuphap Phanchamnan — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

In an era where society is filled with intense competition, every organization must undergo reform, improvement, and transformation to ensure stability and sustainability. Leaders must learn and adapt to rapidly changing circumstances, demonstrating flexible leadership that aligns with the current context. The development of work processes, managerial perspectives, 3มmonitoring, and evaluation strategies must be updated to fit modern organizational needs. This requires strategic implementation of multifunctional organizational structures and adaptive management approaches. Emphasis should be placed on integrating technology into management practices and restructuring administrative systems to enhance competitiveness. Moreover, executives need comprehensive knowledge to design operational systems, develop work processes, and continuously monitor and evaluate performance in response to ongoing changes. Given these significant and essential managerial factors, the author proposes that Buddhist leadership, applied through the lens of Buddhist psychology, is highly relevant and beneficial in contemporary organizational management. Key Buddhist principles such as the Four Brahmavihāras (loving-kindness, compassion, empathetic joy, and equanimity), the Four Iddhipādas (pathways to accomplishment), and the Four Sangahavatthus (principles of social integration) serve as foundational teachings for self-governance, governance of others, and governance of work. These doctrines are essential for leaders in the modern era to foster unity and harmony within organizations and society at large. Therefore, in developing modern organizations, contemporary leaders must place importance on and integrate Buddhist psychological principles into organizational development. This integration should go hand in hand with producing effective and efficient outcomes that are contextually appropriate, ultimately guiding the organization toward achieving its established goals and vision.

Integrating the Brahmavihara (Four Sublime States of Mind) Principles into Educational Processes

Phrakru Uthitpariyatsunthon -, Phrarachuthaisophon -, Prakong Mato — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The integration of the Four Brahmavihāras (Divine Abidings) into learning is critically important in Thai society, where digital technology has become an integral part of daily life. To ensure that children and youth are equipped with the awareness and adaptability needed to navigate contemporary challenges, it is essential to blend core Buddhist principles with key 21st-century learning skills. These include: 1) learning and innovation skills, 2) information, media, and technology skills, and 3) life and career skills. The Four Brahmavihāras—Mettā (loving-kindness), Karuṇā (compassion), Muditā (sympathetic joy), and Upekkhā (equanimity)—are foundational virtues that enhance the learning experience. Mettā promotes inclusive and caring instruction; Karuṇā ensures emotional support for learners facing challenges; Muditā encourages recognition and celebration of students’ achievements; and Upekkhā fosters mindfulness and emotional regulation in the face of difficulties. Integrating these values fosters empathetic teacher-student relationships, emotional safety, active listening, and constructive guidance. It also cultivates an educational environment that encourages acceptance of individual differences and emotional self-control. As a result, learners feel safe, valued, and motivated, which enhances their development, learning outcomes, and overall quality of life. This approach ultimately nurtures responsible, thoughtful individuals who contribute positively to their families, society, and the nation.

Principles of Buddhist Psychology Influencing the Work Performance of Personnel

Patidta Wisetbuphakul — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Enhancing work efficiency involves improving individual or collective abilities and skills to achieve organizational goals, ultimately fostering personal, group, and organizational growth. The development of work efficiency plays a crucial role in organizational advancement and is closely related to self-development. Prior to entering the workforce, individuals must possess the knowledge, skills, and qualifications required by organizations. To meet these expectations, individuals must develop themselves adequately to perform effectively. Once employed, it becomes the organization’s responsibility to further develop its personnel for optimal performance and organizational productivity.

In Buddhist psychology, the principles contributing to work efficiency include the Five Spiritual Powers (Pañca Bala): 1) Faith (Saddhā), 2) Energy (Viriya), 3) Mindfulness (Sati), 4) Concentration (Samādhi), and 5) Wisdom (Paññā). Personnel who embody these qualities tend to exhibit leadership traits, self-confidence, and the cognitive ability to excel in their careers, contributing to stability in both personal and professional life. Additionally, the Four Paths to Success (Iddhipāda): 1) Desire (Chanda), 2) Effort (Viriya), 3) Thoughtfulness (Citta), and 4) Investigation (Vimaṃsā)—foster commitment and dedication in one’s responsibilities. Practicing these principles enhances the likelihood of success and leads to greater work efficiency and effectiveness.

Self-Practice on Learning to Control the Anger

Patthaporn Pruksarojanakul — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to study and present a method of self-practice for learning to control anger. The findings indicate that managing anger through self-discipline involves four key components: 1.Developing mindfulness (Sati) to cultivate awareness and the ability to observe anger without attachment; 2. Cultivating patience (Khanti) to endure delays, difficulties, or suffering without reacting with anger; 3. Developing loving-kindness and compassion (Mettā) toward oneself and others to promote happiness and well-being; and 4. Practicing silence and gentleness (Soracca) to foster peaceful speech and actions. Consistent training in anger management can lead to mental stability and an enhanced quality of life. It serves as a guide toward inner peace and happiness, fostering greater empathy and a deeper understanding of others. Furthermore, controlling anger helps to strengthen relationships, offering significant benefits to both the individual and those around them.

Buddhist Psychology: A Path to Well-being for Working-age Sandwich Generation in Thailand

Preyanee Kongboonma, Kamalas Phoowachanathipong, Witchuda Thitichotirattana — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article presents the application of Buddhist psychological principles to enhance the holistic well-being of the working-age sandwich generation in Thailand—individuals aged 42 to 62 who bear the dual responsibilities of caring for aging parents and dependent children, while also maintaining their careers and self-care. Amidst rapid economic, social, and technological changes, this group faces significant challenges in four key areas: physical (including risks of health problems and chronic non-communicable diseases), mental (such as stress, anxiety, and burnout), social (including role conflicts and financial pressures), and intellectual (characterized by limited opportunities for personal development). The article proposes an integrative approach based on the principles of Buddhist psychology, particularly the Four Bhāvanās: Kāya-bhāvanā (physical development), Sīla-bhāvanā (moral development), Citta-bhāvanā (mental development), and Paññā-bhāvanā (wisdom development), along with other key Buddhist teachings such as the Four Iddhipādas (Bases of Success), the Middle Path, and the Four Noble Truths. These principles serve as a framework for fostering balance and enhancing quality of life in all dimensions. The proposed approach emphasizes setting life goals, maintaining physical health, cultivating mental resilience, fostering supportive relationships, developing wisdom to understand the nature of life, and engaging in continuous self-reflection and improvement. By applying these principles, the sandwich generation can be better equipped to navigate life’s multifaceted challenges in a balanced and sustainable manner.

Positive Thinking to Enhance Salesman Competency in the AI Era

Suchada Tanaviboonsate — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

In an era marked by slow economic growth, intense price competition, rapid organizational change, and the emergence of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI), sales professionals face increasingly complex challenges. Consequently, the development of sales representatives’ competencies has become essential, particularly in cultivating positive thinking among sales personnel. Positive thinking enhances motivation, creativity, and the capacity to formulate effective strategies in response to evolving market conditions. Both Buddhist principles and positive psychology offer valuable insights for strengthening sales competencies. Specifically, the Buddhist concepts of Iddhipāda (the Four Bases of Success) and Yoniso Manasikāra (wise consideration), when integrated with the Positive Psychology framework—especially the PERMA model developed by Dr. Martin Seligman—provide a comprehensive foundation for fostering a positive mindset. Such a mindset empowers sales professionals by generating mental energy, enhancing strategic planning abilities, facilitating the overcoming of obstacles, and maintaining a competitive advantage. Moreover, the ability to understand and adapt to emerging technological trends, alongside a willingness to embrace change, is vital for professional effectiveness. Leveraging these developments can streamline sales operations, boost productivity, and enable efficient sales management in the AI-driven era.

Problems of Youth in the Digital Society and the Development of Mindfulness for Creating Awareness

Chaladtorn Ouripong Na Ayudthya, Maytawee Udomtamanupab , Suwatsan Ragkhanto — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This academic article aims to present a conceptual framework for developing mindfulness and awareness among youth in the digital era. It explores the current issues, developmental approaches, and associated benefits. Data from the past three years indicate that Thai youth aged 18–25, as defined by Thai law, face significant challenges related to digital technology use, with an average daily internet usage of 11 hours and 25 minutes. Key issues include cyberbullying (47%), pornography addiction (72%), the spread of fake news (63%), careless disclosure of personal information (78%), and rising mental health problems (32%). Mindfulness, characterized by present-moment awareness, non-judgment, openness, self-observation, self-connection, and letting go, can be cultivated through various methods. These include daily mindfulness practices, meditation, digital mindfulness applications, mindful media consumption, and integration of mindfulness into education. The development of mindfulness offers several benefits: it reduces stress and depression (by up to 40%), enhances emotional intelligence, improves academic performance (by an average of 11%), strengthens communication and empathy skills, reduces bullying behavior (by up to 50% in schools with mindfulness programs), and promotes creative technology use. Therefore, integrating mindfulness and awareness into youth development is a vital strategy for addressing challenges and enhancing the well-being of young people in the digital age.

Developing Mindset, Skillset, Toolset of Leader to handling Cycle Changing World

Anuphap Phanchamnan , Vilai Thavornsuwon, Anatthon Benjaworachot — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Leaders in the contemporary era are facing a multitude of profound challenges, ranging from economic recessions, emerging global pandemics, and the rapid acceleration of technological advancement, to increasing uncertainty and volatility in the business environment. These complexities demand that modern leaders move beyond merely adhering to predetermined systems or traditional management frameworks. Instead, they must possess the adaptive capacity to navigate crises and transform them into opportunities that drive their organizations toward sustainable success in an ever-changing context. These attributes serve as essential criteria for identifying and cultivating effective leadership within organizations. Consequently, the development of a leader’s mindset, skillset, and management tools has become a critical determinant of their ability to lead teams and organizations through uncertainty and complexity. A well-developed mindset fosters broad and integrative thinking, encourages creativity, and equips leaders with diverse cognitive frameworks necessary to address multifaceted problems effectively. Moreover, the enhancement of leadership skills—including managerial capabilities and a commitment to lifelong learning—is crucial. Equally important is the development of a practical toolkit, such as strategic planning tools and data analysis frameworks, which empower leaders to make informed and strategic decisions. These three components—Mindset, Skillset, and Toolset—constitute the core foundation of effective leadership in the modern era. In summary, cultivating these three dimensions of leadership is essential for aligning leadership capabilities with the rapidly evolving challenges and dynamic conditions of today’s business landscape.

Theravāda Buddhist Teachings in Multiple Dimensions: Toward the Common Goal of Liberation from Suffering

Phrakhuworaputthaphirak, Phramaha Saowanant Suphajaro — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This academic article argues that the content of the teachings of Theravāda Buddhism, when examined in terms of principles or theoretical frameworks, can be understood as multidimensional. However, when considered in terms of their essence, all Buddhist teachings are fundamentally centered on the cessation of suffering. The ultimate aim is to guide individuals to comprehend these principles and subsequently apply them in practice, thereby cultivating personal and collective well-being, and ultimately attaining liberation from suffering. In other words, an analysis of Buddhist teachings from a theoretical perspective reveals various dimensions and serves as the foundation for academic inquiries that explore these teachings from multiple viewpoints. Nevertheless, despite the possibility of interpreting them through diverse lenses, the core or essence of Buddhist teachings consistently reflects a unifying characteristic: they are rooted in the doctrine of Kammavāda—the emphasis on practice and ethical action. Thus, while the teachings of Theravāda Buddhism exhibit diverse and distinctive features, they are systematically interconnected. Some teachings directly reinforce and support one another, while others are linked more indirectly. Regardless of the form of connection, all teachings share a common underlying principle: the liberation from suffering through disciplined practice. This process enables individuals to progress from basic levels of happiness to more profound spiritual fulfillment—from mundane existence to the supramundane.

30 Seconds Review of Life with My Dear Friend Named “SATI”

Shisa Jirakavinkarn, Suthathip Thiantia , Witchuda Titichoatrattana — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article explores the critical role of mindfulness in managing life-threatening crises, particularly during the pivotal 30 seconds that can determine the difference between life and death. Statistics reveal that only 10–15% of individuals respond appropriately in such emergencies, while the remaining 85% experience shock or panic due to the limbic system overriding rational brain functions. The Buddhist concept of mindfulness, defined as “non-judgmental awareness of the present moment,” has been supported by neuroscientific research indicating its capacity to alter brain structures—particularly in the prefrontal cortex, which governs decision-making and emotional regulation. The article introduces the “30 Seconds Review” framework, comprising five principles: 1) Brace for Impact, 2) Panic Control, 3) Judgement, 4) Coordination, and 5) Evacuation. In addition, it outlines seven benefits of mindfulness and presents a four-step training method recommended by psychological experts. Mindfulness acts as an “inner companion,” enabling individuals to assess situations and make effective decisions under pressure. Regular mindfulness practice is thus presented as an essential survival skill in an increasingly uncertain world.

Values of Healthy Food Consumption in Thai Society

Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article aims to examine the underlying principles and evolving concepts of healthy food consumption values in contemporary Thai society. Historically, the notions of “eating well, living well” and “food as medicine”, rooted in indigenous wisdom, embodied the intrinsic connection between dietary practices and holistic well-being. However, the influence of globalization has markedly reshaped Thai lifestyles, particularly evident in the rising preference for fast food and processed products that prioritize convenience and enhanced flavor over nutritional value.

This transformation has had a significant impact on dietary behaviors across all age groups, contributing to the alarming increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), now the leading cause of mortality in Thailand. According to the latest data from the Secretariat of the National NCDs Action Plan, Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, NCDs are responsible for over 400,000 deaths annually—averaging more than 1,000 deaths per day—accounting for approximately 74% of total deaths nationwide. The most prevalent conditions include cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes.

In response, there is an urgent need to promote and internalize values associated with healthy eating. Public health initiatives should emphasize the consumption of nutritious, safe, and locally sourced foods, especially those cultivated without chemical contaminants. Moreover, reviving traditional food practices grounded in local knowledge not only supports nutritional well-being but also preserves Thailand’s cultural identity. Equally important is raising awareness of the link between diet and health, while encouraging a balanced coexistence between modern lifestyles and the preservation of traditional culinary heritage. This integrative approach offers a sustainable pathway for fostering long-term healthy eating values within Thai society.

“The Basket That Is Never Full” Addiction to Social Media and Online Shopping Through the Perspectives of Buddhism and Psychology

Praiya Komolrojanaporn — Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article presents an analysis of social media addiction and online shopping addiction in the digital age through an integrated lens of Buddhist philosophy and psychology. Central to the discussion is the concept of “The Never-Full Cart,” symbolizing the endless desires of humanity in the technological era. The article provides in-depth insights into online addictive behaviors and the phenomenon of "retail therapy," examining psychological mechanisms such as the dopamine reward system, the hedonic treadmill, and cognitive dissonance. These are complemented by Buddhist perspectives, including the concepts of craving (tanhā) and attachment (upādāna), the Three Characteristics of Existence (Tilakkhaṇa), and the Noble Eightfold Path, to explore both the root causes of addiction and pathways toward liberation. The article offers practical approaches to cultivating digital well-being, enhancing self-control, and fostering media literacy regarding marketing strategies. By integrating psychological understanding with Buddhist life philosophy, readers are empowered to live more mindfully in the digital age, cultivate contentment, and sustainably free themselves from online addiction.