Asking an important question: a crucial step in research design and conduct

Abstract

In the era of big data, considerable attention has been focused on data-driven technologies in both scientific and non-scientific communities over the past decade. In medicine, evidence-based medicine (EBM) is used as a well-accepted model to aid clinical decision-making. Although EBM has been appropriately applied in general, the specific characteristics of each patient must be considered in clinical decision-making, due to the complexity and frequency of comorbid conditions in the management of modern disease. Individual-level factors such as gender, lifestyle choices, genetic differences, and accessibility of care are important considerations for the actual implementation of EBM. In addition, incorporating state-of-the-art medical research into clinical management is increasingly vital as medical management moves forward into the era of precision medicine. Decisions regarding whom to treat, which medication to use, what outcomes to monitor and which alternatives to consider require not only common sense and clinical experience, but also research evidence. Therefore, a well-articulated research question is imperative in order to address an identified gap in knowledge, whether by advancing a new interpretation of existing data, presenting novel information, or introducing new hypotheses for future research endeavors. Not only is a precisely formulated research question an essential foundation for articulating the ultimate goal and direction of a research project, it also helps to eliminate extraneous information and minimize time spent in conducting research, bridging the gap between EBM, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), and individualized clinical care.