Predictive Factors of Microalbuminuria in type 2 Diabetes, Thapla hospital, Uttaradit
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Published:
Aug 31, 2021
Keywords:
Predictive Factors Microalbuminuria Diabetic nephropathy Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to study predictive factors of microalbuminuria among T2D patients.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Diabetic Clinic of Thapla Hospital, Uttaradit Province between October 2015 and September 2018. In 200 cases, T2D patients who have had microalbuminuria were compared to the 200 controls, T2D patients who have had normal albuminuria. The demographic data, past medical history, and laboratory data were collected from medical records by using a case report form. Binary logistic regression was analyzed the predictive factors of microalbuminuria in T2D.
R e s u l t : T h e p r e d i c t i v e fac t or s , s i g n ific a n t l y a s s o c i at e d w it h microalbuminuria in T2D patients were history of hypertension (adjusted OR: 1.700, 95% CI: 1.024-2.823), history of dyslipidemia (adjusted OR: 1.759, 95% CI: 1.020-3.034), history of gout (adjusted OR: 5.122, 95% CI: 2.090-12.553), uncontrolled HbA1C ≥7 mg% (adjusted OR: 1.945, 95% CI: 1.239-3.053), higher Fasting blood sugar (adjusted OR: 1.615, 95% CI: 1.036-2.519), and lower HDL cholesterol (adjusted .OR: 1.645, 95% CI: 1.084-2.495).
Conclusion: The continuity of the screening for microalbuminuria in T2D patients should be emphasized, especially in patients with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and gout. In addition to this, the control of blood sugar and HDL cholesterol remain essential to prevent and delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Keyword: Predictive Factors, Microalbuminuria, Diabetic nephropathy, Type 2 Diabetes
Article Details
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1.
เชียงแรง ก. Predictive Factors of Microalbuminuria in type 2 Diabetes, Thapla hospital, Uttaradit. PCFM [internet]. 2021 Aug. 31 [cited 2025 Apr. 8];4(2):92-103. available from: https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PCFM/article/view/247307
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References
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10. Abougalambou SSI, Abougalambou AS. Prevalence and risk factors of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients at University Sains Malaysia Hospital. Diabetes Metab Syndr [Internet]. 7(2):64–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680242
11. Kundu D, Roy A, Mandal T, Bandyopadhyay U, Ghosh E, Ray D. Relation of microalbuminuria to glycosylated hemoglobin and duration of type 2 diabetes. Niger J Clin Pract [Internet]. 16(2):216–20. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23563465
12. Pasko N, Toti F, Strakosha A, Thengjilli E, Shehu A, Dedej T, et al. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and risk factor analysis in type 2 diabetes patients in Albania: the need for accurate and early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Hippokratia [Internet]. 2013 Oct;17(4):337–41. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25031513
13. Hasan MJ, Muqueet A, Sharmeen A, Hoque MR. Prevalence of microalbuminuria in relation to glycemic control in type-2 diabetic patients in Mymensingh. Mymensingh Med J [Internet]. 2015 Jan;24(1):18–24. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25725663
14. Diouf NN, Lo G, Sow-Ndoye A, Djité M, Tine JAD, Diatta A. [Evaluation of microalbuminuria and lipid profile among type 2 diabetics]. Rev Med Brux [Internet]. 36(1):10–3. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25856966
15. Showail AA, Ghoraba M. The association between glycemic control and microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetes. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl [Internet]. 2016 May;27(3):473–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27215237
16. Cederholm J, Eliasson B, Nilsson PM, Weiss L, Gudbjörnsdottir S. Microalbuminuria and risk factors in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. 2005 Mar;67(3):258–66. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168822704002232
17. Mohan M, V C. Prevalence and risk factors of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Adv Med [Internet]. 2015;383–6. Available from: http://www.ijmedicine.com/index.php/ijam/article/view/279
18. Neupane S, Dubey RK, Gautam N, Agrawal KK, Jayan A, Shrestha S, et al. Association between serum uric acid, urinary albumin excretion, and glycated hemoglobin in Type 2 diabetic patient. Niger Med J [Internet]. 57(2):119–23. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27226687
19. Afkhami-Ardekani M, Modarresi M, Amirchaghmaghi E. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and its risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Indian J Nephrol [Internet]. 2008 Jul;18(3):112–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20142916
20. ชิตกมล ศรีชมภู. ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธกับการเกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนทางไตในผู้ป่วยเบาหวานชนิดที่ 2. วารสารวิจัยสาธารณสุขศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น. 2562;ปีที่ 12(2).
21. สิริมา ม. ปัจจัยการเกิดไมโครแอลบูมินนูเรียในผู้ป่วยเบาหวานชนิดที่ 2 : การวิเคราะห์อภิมานงานวิจัย. ศรีนครินทร์เวชสาร. 2553;25(3):185–93.
22. Min TZ, Stephens MW, Kumar P, Chudleigh RA. Renal complications of diabetes. Br Med Bull [Internet]. 2012 Dec 1;104(1):113–27. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/bmb/lds030
23. Parchwani D, Upadhyah A. Diabetic nephropathy: Progression and pathophysiology. Int J Med Sci Public Heal [Internet]. 2012;1(2):59. Available from: http://www.scopemed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=24253
24. บัญชา สถิระพจน์. Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Nephropathy. เวชสารแพทย์ทหารบก. 2554;64(1):53–61.
25. Satirapoj B. Review on pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. J Med Assoc Thai [Internet]. 2010 Nov;93 Suppl 6:S228-41. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21280541
26. Aekplakorn W, Srivanichakorn S, Sangwatanaroj S. Microalbuminuria and metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care setting in Thailand. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. 2009 Apr;84(1):92–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168822708006499
27. Krairittichai U, Potisat S, Jongsareejit A, Sattaputh C. Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic nephropathy among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Assoc Thai [Internet]. 2011 Mar;94 Suppl 2:S1-5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21717870
28. Chen S, Tseng C-H. Dyslipidemia, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. Rev Diabet Stud [Internet]. 10(2–3):88–100. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24380085
29. Chen H-C, Guh J-Y, Chang J-M, Hsieh M-C, Shin S-J, Lai Y-H. Role of lipid control in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int [Internet]. 2005 Apr;67:S60–2. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0085253815507849
30. Sun X, Xiao Y, Li P, Ma X, Sun X, Lv W, et al. Association of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes patients. Lipids Health Dis [Internet]. 2018 Dec 5;17(1):229. Available from: https://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12944-018-0878-2
31. Latif H, Iqbal A, Rathore R, Butt NF. Correlation between Serum Uric Acid Level and Microalbuminuria in Type-2 Diabetic Nephropathy. Pakistan J Med Sci [Internet]. 33(6):1371–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29492061
32. บัญชา สถิระพจน์. Proteinuria: A Comprehensive Approach to Diagnosis. เวชสารแพทย์ทหารบก. 2554;64(3):155–64.
33. Fukui M, Tanaka M, Shiraishi E, Harusato I, Hosoda H, Asano M, et al. Serum uric acid is associated with microalbuminuria and subclinical atherosclerosis in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism [Internet]. 2008 May;57(5):625–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18442624
2. Nam Han Cho. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. 2017. 1–150 p.
3. American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2018;41(Suppl 1):S13–27. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222373
4. Fowler MJ. Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes. Clin Diabetes [Internet]. 2008 Apr 1;26(2):77–82. Available from: http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2337/diaclin.26.2.77
5. American Diabetes Association. 10. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2018 Jan 8;41(Suppl 1):S105–18. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.2337/dc18-S010
6. Tam TKW, Cheng LPK, Lau DMW, Lai TC, Lai WY, Ng KK, et al. The prevalence of microalbuminuria among patients with type II diabetes mellitus in a primary care setting: cross-sectional study. Hong Kong Med J = Xianggang yi xue za zhi [Internet]. 2004 Oct;10(5):307–11. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15479958
7. Khadka B, Tiwari ML, Timalsina B, Risal P, Gupta S, Acharya D. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Microalbuminuria among Type 2 Diabetic Patients : A Hospital Based Study. J Nepal Med Assoc [Internet]. 2018 Feb 28;56(209):516–21. Available from: https://www.jnma.com.np/jnma/index.php/jnma/article/view/3469
8. Molefe-Baikai OJ, Molefi M, Cainelli F, Rwegerera GM. The prevalence of microalbuminuria and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Botswana. Niger J Clin Pract [Internet]. 2018 Nov;21(11):1430–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30417840
9. López-Arce G, Espinoza-Peralta D, Hernández-Alarcón A, Arce-Salinas CA. [Factors associated with microalbuminuria in non-hypertensive type-2 diabetes patients]. Rev Invest Clin [Internet]. 60(1):4–10. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18589581
10. Abougalambou SSI, Abougalambou AS. Prevalence and risk factors of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients at University Sains Malaysia Hospital. Diabetes Metab Syndr [Internet]. 7(2):64–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680242
11. Kundu D, Roy A, Mandal T, Bandyopadhyay U, Ghosh E, Ray D. Relation of microalbuminuria to glycosylated hemoglobin and duration of type 2 diabetes. Niger J Clin Pract [Internet]. 16(2):216–20. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23563465
12. Pasko N, Toti F, Strakosha A, Thengjilli E, Shehu A, Dedej T, et al. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and risk factor analysis in type 2 diabetes patients in Albania: the need for accurate and early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Hippokratia [Internet]. 2013 Oct;17(4):337–41. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25031513
13. Hasan MJ, Muqueet A, Sharmeen A, Hoque MR. Prevalence of microalbuminuria in relation to glycemic control in type-2 diabetic patients in Mymensingh. Mymensingh Med J [Internet]. 2015 Jan;24(1):18–24. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25725663
14. Diouf NN, Lo G, Sow-Ndoye A, Djité M, Tine JAD, Diatta A. [Evaluation of microalbuminuria and lipid profile among type 2 diabetics]. Rev Med Brux [Internet]. 36(1):10–3. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25856966
15. Showail AA, Ghoraba M. The association between glycemic control and microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetes. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl [Internet]. 2016 May;27(3):473–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27215237
16. Cederholm J, Eliasson B, Nilsson PM, Weiss L, Gudbjörnsdottir S. Microalbuminuria and risk factors in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. 2005 Mar;67(3):258–66. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168822704002232
17. Mohan M, V C. Prevalence and risk factors of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Adv Med [Internet]. 2015;383–6. Available from: http://www.ijmedicine.com/index.php/ijam/article/view/279
18. Neupane S, Dubey RK, Gautam N, Agrawal KK, Jayan A, Shrestha S, et al. Association between serum uric acid, urinary albumin excretion, and glycated hemoglobin in Type 2 diabetic patient. Niger Med J [Internet]. 57(2):119–23. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27226687
19. Afkhami-Ardekani M, Modarresi M, Amirchaghmaghi E. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and its risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Indian J Nephrol [Internet]. 2008 Jul;18(3):112–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20142916
20. ชิตกมล ศรีชมภู. ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธกับการเกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนทางไตในผู้ป่วยเบาหวานชนิดที่ 2. วารสารวิจัยสาธารณสุขศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น. 2562;ปีที่ 12(2).
21. สิริมา ม. ปัจจัยการเกิดไมโครแอลบูมินนูเรียในผู้ป่วยเบาหวานชนิดที่ 2 : การวิเคราะห์อภิมานงานวิจัย. ศรีนครินทร์เวชสาร. 2553;25(3):185–93.
22. Min TZ, Stephens MW, Kumar P, Chudleigh RA. Renal complications of diabetes. Br Med Bull [Internet]. 2012 Dec 1;104(1):113–27. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/bmb/lds030
23. Parchwani D, Upadhyah A. Diabetic nephropathy: Progression and pathophysiology. Int J Med Sci Public Heal [Internet]. 2012;1(2):59. Available from: http://www.scopemed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=24253
24. บัญชา สถิระพจน์. Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Nephropathy. เวชสารแพทย์ทหารบก. 2554;64(1):53–61.
25. Satirapoj B. Review on pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. J Med Assoc Thai [Internet]. 2010 Nov;93 Suppl 6:S228-41. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21280541
26. Aekplakorn W, Srivanichakorn S, Sangwatanaroj S. Microalbuminuria and metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care setting in Thailand. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. 2009 Apr;84(1):92–8. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168822708006499
27. Krairittichai U, Potisat S, Jongsareejit A, Sattaputh C. Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic nephropathy among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Assoc Thai [Internet]. 2011 Mar;94 Suppl 2:S1-5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21717870
28. Chen S, Tseng C-H. Dyslipidemia, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. Rev Diabet Stud [Internet]. 10(2–3):88–100. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24380085
29. Chen H-C, Guh J-Y, Chang J-M, Hsieh M-C, Shin S-J, Lai Y-H. Role of lipid control in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int [Internet]. 2005 Apr;67:S60–2. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0085253815507849
30. Sun X, Xiao Y, Li P, Ma X, Sun X, Lv W, et al. Association of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes patients. Lipids Health Dis [Internet]. 2018 Dec 5;17(1):229. Available from: https://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12944-018-0878-2
31. Latif H, Iqbal A, Rathore R, Butt NF. Correlation between Serum Uric Acid Level and Microalbuminuria in Type-2 Diabetic Nephropathy. Pakistan J Med Sci [Internet]. 33(6):1371–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29492061
32. บัญชา สถิระพจน์. Proteinuria: A Comprehensive Approach to Diagnosis. เวชสารแพทย์ทหารบก. 2554;64(3):155–64.
33. Fukui M, Tanaka M, Shiraishi E, Harusato I, Hosoda H, Asano M, et al. Serum uric acid is associated with microalbuminuria and subclinical atherosclerosis in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism [Internet]. 2008 May;57(5):625–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18442624