Pandora’s Box on the Shelf? Halal Certification, the GMF Marketplace and the Muslim Consumer
Keywords:
Halal Certification, GMF, Halal Market, Muslim Consumer, Islamic LawAbstract
The paper outlines halal certification reliability and consumer attitude towards it generally. It reveals some of the issues the halal industry faces in terms of its credibility. As difficulties to develop halal certification standards persist even with conventional food stuffs, the paper goes on to question the possible integration of genetically modified food (GMF) into the halal market. It investigates different Islamic legal mechanisms and their suitability to evaluate GMF and its halal status. The paper then sheds some light on the GMF marketplace and the need for labelling from a consumer rights perspective. It concludes that the Muslims’ global purchasing power should translate into more influence taking with regard to more Islamically compliant production, processing and labelling on a wider scale.
References
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Lam, Y & Alhashmi, SM (2008). Simulation of halal food supply chain with certification system: a multi-agent system approach, In Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Springer, pp. 259-66.
Mercy for Animals, Retrieved from http://www.mercyforanimals.org/index.php
McQuilken, L (2010). The influence of failure severity and employee effort on service recovery in a service guarantee context, Australasian Marketing Journal, Elsevier, 18(4), 214-221.
Mohamed, Z., Rezai, G., Shamsudin, M.N., & Chiew, E. (2008). Halal logo and consumers’ confidence: What are the important factors? Economic; and Technology Management Review, 3, 37-45.
Mohd Shariff, S. & Abd Lah, N.A. (2014). Halal certification on chocolate products: A case study, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 121, (349), 104-112.
Muhamad, N., & Mizerski, D. (2013). The effects of following Islam in decisions about taboo products. Psychology & Marketing, 30(4), 357-371.
Muhamad, N., Leong, V. S., & Md Isa, N. (2017). Does the country of origin of a halal logo matter? The case of packaged food purchases. Review of International Business and Strategy, 27(4), 484-500.
Muhammad, S., Sherif, S., & Gheblawi, M. (2010). Consumers' attitudes and perceptions of food safety in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of food distribution research, 41(2), 73-85.
Oxford Forum Report. (2010). The Inaugural Oxford Global Islamic Branding and Marketing Forum. Retrieved from https://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/corporate-events/islamic-branding-forum/pdfs/islamic-marketing-forum-report-2010.pdf
Power, C. (2008). Halal goes global. New Statesman. Retrieved from https://www.newstatesman.com/society/2008/06/halal-muslim-industry-islamic
Daniel, Isaura (2017). Gulf countries import 78% of their food. Retrieved from https://www.salaamgateway.com/en/story/gulf_countries_import_78_of_their_food-salaam01032017102644
Salman, F. & Siddiqui, K. (2011). An exploratory study for measuring consumers awareness and perceptions towards halal food in Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(2), 639-652.
Shah, H. & Yusof, F. (2014). Gelatin as an ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products. An Islamic Perspective. Advances in Environmental Biology. Adv. Environ. Biol., 8(3), 774-780, 2014.
Verbeke, W., Sans, P., & Van Loo, E.J. (2015). Challenges and prospects for consumer acceptance of cultured meat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(2), 285-294.
Wood, B. P. and Al Azri, H, (2019). Halal Service Provision - Understated, but not Undervalued: A View from Oman, Routledge Handbook of Halal Hospitality and Islamic Tourism, Editors Michael Hall and Girish Prayag, forthcoming 2018.
Zailani, S., Krishnaswamy, J., Vengadasan, G, & Premkumar, R. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) in Malaysia: A survey. International Journal of Production Economics, 140, 330–340.
Ahmad, N. A., Tunku Abidah, Ṭ. N., & Abu Yahya. M. H. (2013). A Study on Halal Food Awareness among Muslim Customers in Klang Valley. In Proceedings, Fourth International Conference on Business and Economic Research. March 2013.
Ali, M. H., Tan, K. H., & Makhbul, Za. M. (2013). Mitigating halal food integrity risk through supply chain integration. Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering and Management System, 44, 0–9.
Alserhan, B. A., Wood, B. P., Rutter, R., Halkias, D., Terzi, H., & Al Serhan, O. (2018). The transparency of Islamic hotels: “Nice Islam” and the “self‐Orientalizing” of Muslims? International Journal of Tourism Research. 20(4), 475-487.
Alserhan, B.A, & Alserhan, Z.A. (2012). Researching Muslim consumers: do they represent the fourth-billion consumer segment? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(2), 121-138.
Alzeer J, Rieder U, Abou Hadeed K (2017). Rational and practical aspects of Halal and Tayyib in the context of food safety. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 71, 264-267. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.020
Bansal, G. & Zahedi, F.M. (2015). Trust violation and repair: The Information privacy perspective. Decision Support Systems. 71, 62-77.
Borzooei, M & Asgari, M. (2013). 'Establishing a global halal hub: In-depth interviews', International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(10), 169-181.
Boulanouar, A. W. (2015). Islamic marketing and branding: thinking outside the box. International Journal of Islamic Marketing and Branding, 1(2), 123-130.
Bouzenita, A.I. (2010). Islamic legal perspectives on genetically modified food. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 27(1), 1-30.
Cornell Cooperative Extension’s Genetically Engineered Organisms Public Issues Education (GEO-PIE) #1 (2002). Genetically Engineered Foods in the Marketplace Project. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/1805/812/GE%20foods%20in%20the%20marketplace.pdf?sequence=1
Dearborn Patch, (2013). Retrieved from https://patch.com/ michigan/dearborn/mcdonald-s-to-pay-700k-in-dearborn-halal-meat-lawsuit
El-Bassiouny, N. (2014). The one-billion-plus marginalization: Toward a scholarly understanding of Islamic consumers. Journal of Business Research, 67(2), 42-49.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2018). FAO GM Foods Platform Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/gm-foods-platform/browse-information-by/country/country-page/en/?cty=ARE
Ḥammâd, Nazīh (2004). Al-Mawwâd al-Muḥarramah wa al-najisah fi al-ghidhâ’ wa al-dawâ’ bayna al-naẓariyah wa l-taṭbÎq. Beirut, Dâr al-Qalam. Retrieved from http://www.justlabelit.org/right-to-know-center/labeling-around-the-world/
OEC. (2018). Retrieved from http://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/omn/
Hanzaee, K. H., & Ramezani, M. R. (2011). Intention to Halal Products in the World Markets. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 1(5), 1-7.
Hashim, D. D. (2010). Developing a Global Halal Standard. Presentation at the First International Conference on Islamic Marketing and Branding, Kuala Lumpur, 29-30th November, 2010.
Henderson, A. (2013). The best countries in which to live abroad if you’re GMO free. Nomad Capitalist. Retrieved from http://nomadcapitalist.com/2013/06/25/the-best-countries-to-live-abroad-and-gmo-free-no-genetically-modified-food/
Hirschman, E. C., & Touzani, M. (2016). Contesting religious identity in the marketplace: Consumption ideology and the boycott halal movement. Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture, 4(1), 19-29.
Ibn cÃbidÎn, Muḥammad AmÎn (1994). Ḥãshiyat Radd al-Mukhtãr calã Dar al-Mukhtãr Sharḥ TanwĨr al-Abṣãr. Beirut: Dãr al-Kutub al-cilmiyyah.
The Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of America, (IFANCA). Retrieved from http://www.ifanca.org
Kamal, S. M. (2014). Muslim groups declare ‘jihad’ on Cadbury: claim wider agenda to weaken faith. Malay Mail, 27 May. Retrieved from http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/muslimgroups-declare-jihad-on-cadbury-claims-wider-agenda-to-weaken-faith
Lam, Y & Alhashmi, SM (2008). Simulation of halal food supply chain with certification system: a multi-agent system approach, In Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Springer, pp. 259-66.
Mercy for Animals, Retrieved from http://www.mercyforanimals.org/index.php
McQuilken, L (2010). The influence of failure severity and employee effort on service recovery in a service guarantee context, Australasian Marketing Journal, Elsevier, 18(4), 214-221.
Mohamed, Z., Rezai, G., Shamsudin, M.N., & Chiew, E. (2008). Halal logo and consumers’ confidence: What are the important factors? Economic; and Technology Management Review, 3, 37-45.
Mohd Shariff, S. & Abd Lah, N.A. (2014). Halal certification on chocolate products: A case study, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 121, (349), 104-112.
Muhamad, N., & Mizerski, D. (2013). The effects of following Islam in decisions about taboo products. Psychology & Marketing, 30(4), 357-371.
Muhamad, N., Leong, V. S., & Md Isa, N. (2017). Does the country of origin of a halal logo matter? The case of packaged food purchases. Review of International Business and Strategy, 27(4), 484-500.
Muhammad, S., Sherif, S., & Gheblawi, M. (2010). Consumers' attitudes and perceptions of food safety in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of food distribution research, 41(2), 73-85.
Oxford Forum Report. (2010). The Inaugural Oxford Global Islamic Branding and Marketing Forum. Retrieved from https://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/corporate-events/islamic-branding-forum/pdfs/islamic-marketing-forum-report-2010.pdf
Power, C. (2008). Halal goes global. New Statesman. Retrieved from https://www.newstatesman.com/society/2008/06/halal-muslim-industry-islamic
Daniel, Isaura (2017). Gulf countries import 78% of their food. Retrieved from https://www.salaamgateway.com/en/story/gulf_countries_import_78_of_their_food-salaam01032017102644
Salman, F. & Siddiqui, K. (2011). An exploratory study for measuring consumers awareness and perceptions towards halal food in Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(2), 639-652.
Shah, H. & Yusof, F. (2014). Gelatin as an ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products. An Islamic Perspective. Advances in Environmental Biology. Adv. Environ. Biol., 8(3), 774-780, 2014.
Verbeke, W., Sans, P., & Van Loo, E.J. (2015). Challenges and prospects for consumer acceptance of cultured meat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(2), 285-294.
Wood, B. P. and Al Azri, H, (2019). Halal Service Provision - Understated, but not Undervalued: A View from Oman, Routledge Handbook of Halal Hospitality and Islamic Tourism, Editors Michael Hall and Girish Prayag, forthcoming 2018.
Zailani, S., Krishnaswamy, J., Vengadasan, G, & Premkumar, R. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) in Malaysia: A survey. International Journal of Production Economics, 140, 330–340.
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24-06-2019
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Bouzenita, A. I., Kirsten, H., & P. Wood, B. (2019). Pandora’s Box on the Shelf? Halal Certification, the GMF Marketplace and the Muslim Consumer. Journal of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University, 10(1), 62–72. Retrieved from https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JOIS/article/view/197351
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