Development of Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability Using Polya’s Problem-Solving Process Combined with the Bar Model Technique for Grade 2 Students

Abstract

Background and Aims: At the primary education level, mathematical problem-solving is a crucial skill that fosters analytical thinking and logical reasoning. Implementing Polya’s problem-solving process in conjunction with the bar model technique provides a structured learning approach that helps students develop systematic thinking, clearly visualize problems, and enhance their understanding and efficiency in finding solutions. This study aimed to: (1) develop the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Grade 2 students by using Polya’s problem-solving process combined with the bar model technique, and (2) compare the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Grade 2 students before and after receiving instruction using Polya’s problem-solving process combined with the bar model technique.

Methodology: The sample group used in this study consisted of 36 Grade 2/1 students from the Demonstration School of Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangna Campus, during the first semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample was selected using the cluster random sampling method. The instruments of research are A lesson plan based on Polya’s problem-solving process, combined with the bar model technique, and A mathematical problem-solving ability test. The data were analyzed using mean (𝑥̄ ), standard deviation (S.D.), percentage, and dependent t-test techniques.

Results: (1) Grade 2 students who received instruction using Polya’s problem-solving process combined with the bar model technique showed improvement in their mathematical problem-solving abilities, with all students scoring higher after the instruction, representing 100%. And (2) The comparison of mathematical problem-solving scores before and after the instruction using Polya’s problem-solving process combined with the bar model technique revealed a statistically significant increase at the .05 level.

Conclusion: The use of Polya’s problem-solving process combined with the bar model technique promotes students’ systematic thinking and enables them to visualize the relationships among the information presented in the problems. This approach allows students to effectively plan their problem-solving strategies and verify their answers. Moreover, it stimulates deep learning and fosters the development of analytical thinking skills in authentic learning contexts.