Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal

Development of Health Behaviour Model for Overweight Prevention of Middle Age in Yun Cheng City, the People’s Republic of China

2025-09-13T10:29:32+07:00

Background and Aim: Overweight and obesity are chronic, multi-factorial metabolic diseases, with a rapidly increasing global prevalence that poses a significant threat to public health. Middle-aged populations in developing urban areas may face unique risk factors due to lifestyle and environmental transitions. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive health behaviour model for the prevention of overweight among the middle-aged population in Yuncheng City, a mid-sized urban center in northern China.

Methodology: This study employed a sequential mixed-methods design. The target population was middle-aged adults (aged 40-59 years, of both genders, and with a BMI ≥24 kg/m² as per Chinese criteria) residing in Yuncheng City. A multi-stage sampling process was used: first, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with a calculated sample size of 402 participants, selected through stratified random sampling based on residential districts. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess dietary habits, physical activity levels, sleep patterns, and health cognitions. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations) were used to identify key factors associated with overweight. Subsequently, purposive sampling was used to select five experts for in-depth interviews. The integrated findings informed a draft model, which was refined through a two-round Delphi consensus process involving a panel of 19 experts. Consensus was defined as an interquartile range ≤1 and a median score ≥4 on a 5-point Likert scale. Final validation was performed by a separate panel of seven experts.

Results: The survey response rate was 97.3% (402/413). Quantitative analysis revealed that overweight status was significantly associated with three primary factors: high daily caloric intake, low physical activity, and habitual late-night activities. The Delphi process achieved strong consensus on a final model comprising 28 elements across five dimensions: 1) Healthy Dietary Behaviour (7 elements), 2) Scientific Physical Activity (6 elements), 3) Psychological and Cognitive Adjustment (4 elements), 4) Sleep and Lifestyle Modification (4 elements), and 5) Social-Environmental Support (7 elements). All dimensions reached the predefined consensus threshold in the second round, indicating high expert agreement.

Conclusion: This study successfully developed a consensus-based health behaviour model specifically tailored for overweight prevention in Yuncheng City's middle-aged population. The model demonstrates high content validity and expert endorsement. It provides a structured, multi-dimensional framework for designing targeted community health interventions. Future research should focus on implementing and empirically testing the model's effectiveness in fostering sustainable behaviour change and reducing overweight incidence in this and similar populations.

A Management Model for University Drone Sport Clubs Based on the POLC Framework

2025-09-25T09:32:02+07:00

Background and Aims: Drone sport has rapidly emerged as a new form of physical and technological education in Chinese universities, yet the management of university drone sport clubs still faces challenges, including insufficient planning, a lack of organizational clarity, limited leadership capacity, and weak evaluation mechanisms. This study aimed to construct and validate a comprehensive management model for university drone sport clubs based on the POLC (Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling) framework.

Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods design to investigate the management of university drone sports clubs in Guangdong Province. The quantitative phase surveyed 368 participants, including 41teachers and 327 student members, to assess the current management status and identify key issues. Purposive sampling was used to select experts for interviews, Delphi consultation, and focus group discussions. In-depth interviews with five key stakeholders and case studies of selected universities provided contextual insights into operational challenges, leadership practices, and resource management. Based on the integrated analysis, a preliminary management model was developed and refined through two rounds of Delphi consultation with 19 experts, including drone coaches, physical education specialists, and sports managers. Finally, a seven-person focus group discussion was conducted to validate and finalize the model, ensuring its theoretical soundness, practical applicability, and alignment with university and policy requirements. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), while qualitative data from interviews, case studies, and focus group discussions were examined through content analysis. Delphi results were evaluated using median and interquartile range (Median ≥ 3.50, IQR ≤ 1.50), and questionnaires were validated using the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC).

Results: The findings revealed that universities often lack systematic activity planning, resource integration, and leadership mechanisms, thereby hindering the sustainable development of drone sports clubs. The proposed management model addressed these problems by integrating POLC principles with supporting theories such as 4M, Constructivist Learning Theory, and Collaborative Governance Theory.

Conclusion: The developed model is practical and effective in enhancing club operations, improving member satisfaction, and supporting the sustainable growth of drone sport in universities. It provides valuable insights for both policymakers and educational institutions to strengthen drone sport education and extracurricular management. And this is the first validated POLC-based model applied to drone sports in Chinese universities.

Developing a Strategic Model to Enhance Physical Activity Motivation for the Elderly in Guangzhou, China

2025-09-08T13:38:07+07:00

Background and Aims: Elderly people in Guangzhou face serious health problems, with chronic diseases remaining widespread amid rapid population aging. Physical activity (PA) plays a crucial role in improving physical fitness and immunity, preventing diseases, and enhancing psychological well-being and social connections. The objective of this research was to develop a strategic model to improve physical activity motivation (PAM) for the elderly in Guangzhou, China.

Methodology: A mixed-method approach by using surveys, focus groups, and a Delphi consensus with experts. The sample was 492 elderly aged 60 and above in Guangzhou, China, in order to formulate strategies to improve physical activity motivation (PAM) in the elderly. The questionnaire was validated by the Index of Item Objective Congruence and found to have IOC. The data were analyzed in descriptive statistics: mean and standard deviation. The Delphi data were analyzed in median and interquartile range with the criteria at the median. ≥3.50, and IQR ≤ 1.50.

Results: The strategies model strategic model to improve physical activity motivation (PAM) for the elderly consisted of six key aspects: the fun aspect, the capacity aspect, the social aspect, the health aspect, the appearance aspect, and the venues aspect. These strategies had social value, improved exercise confidence, established an inclusive emotional community, realized long-term health education and monitoring, improved appearance, and optimized the sports environment.

Conclusion: This strategy model provided a framework of factors and suggested activities for promoting and maintaining active elderly and reducing the health burden of chronic disease.

Developing Guidelines for Promoting Competence of Ice and Snow Major Students

2025-09-07T13:27:58+07:00

Background and Aim: As the societal demand for ice and snow professionals continues to rise rapidly, the shortage of qualified teachers has become a major barrier to the development of ice and snow sports. In addition, many colleges and universities face challenges such as unclear talent training objectives, curricula that lack scientific rigor and targeted design, and outdated teaching models that require innovation. To address these issues, this research seeks to develop guidelines for enhancing the competencies of students majoring in ice and snow studies, thereby supporting the sustainable growth of both ice and snow sports education and the related industries.

Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods research design. The research population comprised 1,461 students and 210 teachers specializing in ice and snow sports across four universities: Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Harbin Sport University, Northeast Normal University, and Zhangjiakou University. Based on Taro Yamane’s sample size table, 316 students were selected as the sample, while all 210 teachers were included due to the relatively small population size. Data collection involved the distribution of online questionnaires to 316 students and 210 teachers to investigate the current situation and challenges in promoting the competence of ice and snow major students. In addition, seven experts participated in face-to-face interviews to draft the initial elements of the guidelines, and 15 experts engaged in a focus group discussion to finalize the formulation of the guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and qualitative content analysis.

Results: The finalized guidelines comprise four core aspects as follows: (1) Training objectives divided 1 element was overall goals; (2) Core competence module and training path divided 4 elements were special sports skills module, teaching and guidance ability module, event and industry competency module, interdisciplinary and digital competence module; (3) Implement safeguards divided 5 elements were curriculum and teaching material construction, practice base and resource integration, dual-teacher training plan, evaluation and incentive mechanism, and regional differentiation support; (4) Collaboration mechanisms divided 3 elements were school-enterprise cooperation, government, enterprise and school linkage, and international co-operation.

Conclusion: The guidelines developed in this study systematically integrate, for the first time, a comprehensive pathway of curriculum optimization, practical enhancement, and collaborative education.

Developing a Goal-Achieved Management Training Program for Basketball Class in Vocational College Students

2025-09-25T09:07:58+07:00

Background and Aims: Basketball instruction in vocational colleges often involves students with diverse skill levels and learning needs, making it difficult for conventional training methods to maximize individual performance. Integrating goal-achievement management into basketball training may enhance students’ motivation, self-regulation, and learning outcomes while improving physical fitness and sport-specific skills. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a goal-achievement management training program for improving physical fitness and basketball skills among vocational college students.

Methodology: A research and development approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed. The program was developed through a review of relevant literature and semi-structured interviews with nine experts and validated by five experts (IOC = 0.90). Forty vocational college students were assigned to matched experimental and control groups. Both groups completed an eight-week basketball training program (three sessions per week, two hours per session). The experimental group additionally participated in a goal-achievement management workshop and implemented weekly goal-setting with coach feedback. Physical fitness and basketball skills were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and independent-samples t-tests at the .05 significance level.

Results: The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in agility, lower-body power, and all basketball skill tests than the control group (p < .05). Within-group analysis also showed significant improvements in all physical fitness and basketball skill measures following the intervention (p < .05).

Conclusion: The goal-achievement management training program was more effective than conventional basketball training in enhancing physical fitness and basketball performance among vocational college students.

Development of Strategies to Improve Team Cohesion in a Basketball Team Based on Team Trust Analysis

2025-09-25T09:05:18+07:00

Background and Aims: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between basketball players’ team trust and team cohesion and to develop targeted training strategies to strengthen cohesion based on trust analysis. The objectives included identifying the dimensions of team trust, testing their impact on cohesion, and proposing practical strategies to improve basketball team performance.

Methodology: The study investigated 320 male and female basketball players aged 18–22 from five universities in Yunnan Province. A multi-step purposive sampling approach was used. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression to test the predictive effect of trust on cohesion. Descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, and correlation tests were employed. In addition, two rounds of Delphi consultation with 17 experts and expert appraisal with 9 specialists were conducted to refine and validate the training strategies.

Results: The regression model showed that team trust significantly predicted team cohesion (β = 0.536, R² = 0.264, p < 0.001), indicating that 26.4% of the variance in cohesion could be explained by trust. Among the trust dimensions, competence-justice exerted a stronger effect than disposition-trustworthiness. While training strategies were effective overall, weaknesses were noted in attention maintenance and goal-setting practices. The Delphi process confirmed expert consensus on the key improvement areas. Rather than listing all 38 projects, six thematic aspects were emphasized: team management, cohesion enhancement, conflict resolution, member welfare, material support, and communication.

Conclusion: The study concludes that team trust is a critical driver of cohesion in basketball teams. Practical applications include encouraging coaches to design training programs that build competence-based trust, incorporate fair evaluation systems, and strengthen communication channels. For athletes, understanding team dynamics and cultivating trust can improve psychological security, reduce conflict, and enhance collective performance. These insights contribute both theoretically, by clarifying the trust–cohesion mechanism, and practically, by guiding coaches and educators in developing effective training strategies.

Development of an Applied Tai Chi Chuang Exercise Training Program to Improve Balance Ability and Fall Reduction Perception in the Elderly

2025-09-25T08:41:37+07:00

Background and Aims: Falls among elderly individuals represent a significant public health concern, with balance deterioration being a primary contributing factor. Traditional exercise interventions often lack accessibility and cultural relevance for older Chinese adults. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a structured 12-week "Eight Methods and Five Steps" Tai Chi Chuan exercise program on balance ability and fall prevention perception among elderly participants aged 65-75 years.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 40 elderly participants (aged 65-75) from Wuqi Community Nursing Home in Jinan City. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=20) receiving 12 weeks of Tai Chi training (60 minutes, 3 times weekly) or a control group (n=20) attending health education lectures. Balance assessments included static balance (one-legged standing, center of pressure measurements), dynamic balance (Timed Up and Go test), and fall prevention capability (Berg Balance Scale). Data were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Data analysis employed a computer statistical software package with significance set at p < 0.05. Independent t-tests compared between-group differences, while repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction analyzed within-group changes.

Results: The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements compared to controls across all measures. Open-eyes standing time increased 94.0% from 21.88±3.66 to 42.45±4.10 seconds (p<0.001, Cohen's d=1.85). Dynamic balance improved with TUG times decreasing 17.8% from 11.41±0.29 to 9.38±0.26 seconds (p<0.001). Berg Balance Scale scores increased 7.0% from 51.08±0.80 to 54.63±0.66 points (p<0.001). Center of pressure measurements showed a 57.5% reduction in sway area (p<0.001). Within-group analysis revealed progressive improvements at both assessment intervals.

Conclusions: The structured Tai Chi Chuan program, based on the 'Eight Methods and Five Steps' sequence, effectively enhances balance performance and fall prevention perception in Chinese elderly individuals with large effect sizes, suggesting strong clinical significance for fall prevention interventions.

Developing a Management Model to Promote Physical Education Learning for University Students of Guangxi Province, the People’s Republic of China

2025-09-15T08:02:08+07:00

Background and Aim: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive management model to enhance participation in physical education (PE) among university students in Guangxi Province, China.

Methodology: The study population consisted of approximately 10,500 undergraduate students enrolled in compulsory PE courses across three Guangxi universities. A stratified cluster sampling method was used. From this population, a total sample of 385 students was selected, with 366 valid responses collected (95.1% response rate). Participants included both males (48%) and females (52%), aged 18-22 years, representing freshman to junior year students from multiple academic majors. The research design employed a mixed-methods approach, including a student questionnaire, expert interviews (n=10), focus group discussions (n=10), a three-round Delphi process (n=19), and connoisseurship evaluation (n=9). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean, SD), Likert scale interpretation, and content validity indices (IOC, Cronbach’s α>0.80).

Results: Findings showed that students demonstrated low intrinsic motivation (M=2.50, SD=0.70) and low autonomy (M=2.30, SD=0.65), while extrinsic motivation (M=3.80, SD=0.72) was relatively high. Academic pressure was identified as a key barrier (M=3.90). Expert interviews emphasized curriculum rigidity, lack of gender-sensitive design, and insufficient facilities. Through the Delphi process, consensus was achieved on 18 core components across four dimensions (autonomy support, competence development, relatedness reinforcement, and institutional strategy). Connoisseurship evaluation confirmed the model’s clarity, appropriateness, and feasibility.

Conclusions: The validated management model provides a context-sensitive framework for enhancing PE participation in Guangxi universities. It integrates SDT-based psychological supports with institutional strategies. While the study did not conduct structural equation modeling (SEM), the results provide strong descriptive and consensus-based evidence. The model offers practical recommendations for policymakers and PE instructors to foster student engagement and long-term fitness awareness.

Development of a Speed, Agility, and Quickness Training Program to Improve Kicking Skills in Youth Novice Taekwondo Athletes

2025-09-15T08:04:39+07:00

Background and Aim: Youth need to undergo physical training when learning Taekwondo because it is a sport with a high level of competition intensity. If young people lack physical fitness, they will find it difficult to effectively engage in this sport. Therefore, teachers should focus on physical training while teaching Taekwondo to youth, adopting effective measures to meet the goals of physical training. So, the main objective of this research was to study the effect of a speed, agility, and quickness training program to improve kicking skills for youth novice taekwondo players in a taekwondo club.

Methodology: This research employed a mixed-method design to develop a speed, agility, and quickness training program aimed at improving the kicking skills of youth novice taekwondo players. The populations were 150 male taekwondo athletes aged 14–16 years, who were surveyed to determine the current situation and training needs. From this group, 30 male taekwondo athletes were selected for the experiment. Research instruments included a questionnaire (IOC=0.89), in-depth interviews with coaches (IOC=1.00) and experts, a focus group outline, and a connoisseurship outline. Independent sample t-tests to compare between-group differences, while repeated measures ANOVA was employed to compare within-group differences across testing phases. Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis.

Results: 1) After eight weeks of implementing the speed, agility, and quickness training program, the pre-test results showed no significant differences between the control and experimental groups in Front kick, Side kick, Push kick, and Downward kick (p > .05), except for the Hook kick where the control group performed better (7.06±1.22 vs. 6.00±0.84, p = .01). However, post-test results revealed that the experimental group achieved significantly higher mean scores than the control group across all five kicking skills, including Front kick (17.46±1.50 vs. 13.06±1.48, t = 8.055, p < .01), Side kick (16.93±0.79 vs. 10.26±0.59, t = 25.944, p < .01), Push kick (13.00±0.89 vs. 9.46±0.51, t = 13.817, p < .01), Hook kick (13.66±0.89 vs. 8.20±1.26, t = 13.640, p < .01), and Downward kick (24.33±1.17 vs. 15.46±1.24, t = 20.051, p < .01). Repeated measures ANOVA further confirmed significant improvements over time in all skills (Front kick: p < .01; Side kick: p < .01; Push kick: p < .01; Hook kick: p < .01; Downward kick: p < .01). These findings indicate that the program effectively enhanced overall kicking performance in novice youth taekwondo players.

Conclusion: The program has a clear structure, practical feasibility, and alignment with sports science principles. Its key strengths lie in its progressive design, the integration of SAQ with kicking skills, emphasis on safety, and motivation for young athletes.

Influence of Sensory, Affective, and Cognitive Experiences on Revisit Intention: Evidence from Sanxia Old Street, Taiwan

2025-09-26T13:12:57+07:00

Background and Aims: Heritage tourism is essential for sustaining cultural identity and enhancing destination competitiveness. Grounded in Schmitt’s (1999) Strategic Experiential Modules (SEMs), this study investigates how three experiential dimensions—Sensory (Sense), Affective (Feel), and Cognitive (Think)—influence revisit intention in a heritage tourism context. Sanxia Old Street in Taiwan, with its preserved architecture and nostalgic atmosphere, provides an appropriate setting to examine these relationships.

Methodology: A quantitative online survey was conducted with 386 domestic tourists to capture a broad sample beyond on-site visitors. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale and analyzed with correlation and regression techniques to test the hypothesized relationships.

Results: All three experiential dimensions—Sense, Feel, and Think—significantly predicted revisit intention. Think (cognitive experience) was the strongest predictor (β = .344, p < .001), followed by Sense (sensory experience) (β = .254, p < .001) and Feel (affective experience) (β = .194, p = .004). The model explained 55% of the variance in revisit intention (R² = .550), confirming its substantial explanatory power.

Conclusion: This study advances experiential marketing research by applying the SEMs framework to heritage tourism and highlighting the dominant role of cognitive engagement. Practically, it suggests that strategies focusing on cultural learning, authentic sensory features, and positive emotions are essential for sustaining competitiveness and encouraging repeat visitation.

Gugang Xi “Zhuang March 3rd”: The Expression of Zhuang Culture in Visual Design

2025-09-03T14:39:30+07:00

Background and Aims: In 2014, "Zhuang March 3rd" was listed in the national intangible cultural heritage. Governments at all levels in Guangxi began to build the national cultural brand of "Zhuang March 3rd". The brand value of "Zhuang March 3rd" has attracted more and more attention from the world. How to explore the artistic techniques and design practices of the "Zhuang March 3rd" ethnic characteristics in graphic design? This paper aims to create a creative handicraft tourist souvenir design from the traditional festivals of the "Zhuang March 3rd"

Methodology: Combination of qualitative and quantitative research in the visual form of static structure semiotic analysis, field research, and interviews. Combing through the changing process of the visual form of the "March 3rd" festival, on the cultural dimension, historical dimension, natural dimension, and social dimension of the Guangxi Zhuang nationality.

Results: Analyze and study the patterns and color design of Zhuang brocade in Zhuang culture, and further investigate the design of creative handicrafts and tourist souvenirs. Through field investigation, selection of design techniques, selection of pattern elements, and selection of tourist handicrafts, four types of handicraft products of Silk scarves and pillows, and keychains, postcards (Zhuang ethnic pattern keychain, postcard). The final finished style, with rich colors, is suitable for the tourism market.

Conclusion: "Zhuang March 3rd" is integrated into the intangible cultural heritage tourism industry to create tourism souvenirs, release research results to the Guangxi government, improve the local tourism economy, enhance the market position of ethnic minority tourism commemorative products, and change their singularity. Expand the scope of tourism projects, combine the rational development of intangible cultural heritage tourism, and promote the widespread dissemination of the "Zhuang March 3rd" festival celebration.

Developing a Management Model for the Guangdong Province Elite Youth Football Players

2025-09-13T10:34:36+07:00

Background and Aims: This study aimed to develop a management model for elite youth football players in Guangdong Province based on the POLC (Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling) framework. Specifically, the objectives were to identify key issues and factors influencing current management practices, design a systematic model, and evaluate its feasibility for implementation.

Methodology: The research employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data. The sample included 112 male football players aged 15–18 from club teams and middle schools in Guangdong, selected purposively, as well as experts with extensive experience in football development. Data collection instruments included a questionnaire (validated by IOC = 0.933) and expert consultations through interviews, Delphi rounds, and connoisseurship appraisal. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative analysis.

Results: The results revealed that the overall level of key issues and factors in the POLC dimensions was rated high (≥ 3.83), with several specific problems and components reaching very high levels. The developed management model comprised 20 components in planning, 19 in organizing, 19 in leading, and 19 in controlling. These components emphasized long-term planning, resource allocation, leadership development, and performance monitoring.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that the model is not only theoretically sound but also practically significant. Its application can improve coordination among schools, clubs, and provincial agencies, strengthen policy implementation, and enhance the holistic development of elite youth players in Guangdong. Experts agreed that the model is highly feasible and stressed that its success depends on collaboration among stakeholders and the integration of well-trained personnel into youth football governance.

Guidelines to Promote and Develop the Skills of Physical Coaches for Basketball Clubs in Henan Province

2025-10-02T22:15:17+07:00

Background and Aim: Before the introduction of coaching positions such as physical coaches into China, the head coach and assistant coach were required to be responsible for all the training of the athletes, and the coaches' energy and concentration were limited. So, the main objective of this research was to develop guidelines to promote and develop the skills of physical coaches for basketball clubs in Henan Province.

Materials and Methods: This research employed a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. This study designed a questionnaire on the training path of professional basketball physical coaches. Distributed online to the physical coaches of 10 teams in Henan basketball clubs. The questionnaires (IOC=0.67) were analyzed and sorted to obtain the survey results. A total of 5 experts were interviewed to improve the skills of strength and conditioning coaches at a basketball club, based on the current situation database, including 2 managers and 2 basketball physical coaches. The focus group method will involve a total of 9 experts—a connoisseurship method using 5 experts, including 2 managers and 3 basketball physical coaches.

Results: The finalized management guideline was developed under the ICCE framework. The results indicated that, based on the ICCE framework and questionnaire analysis, most dimensions demonstrated moderate to high problem levels (＞3.60). Consequently, the management guideline encompassed five key dimensions: 15 guidelines of exercise programming and periodization, 15 guidelines of assessment and testing, 15 guidelines of first aid and emergency response, 15 guidelines of nutrition basics, 15 guidelines of professionalism and ethics, a total of 75 guidelines to promote and develop the skills of physical coaches for basketball clubs in Henan province.

Conclusion: The guidelines cover the design of training plans based on player characteristics and competition rules and dynamic adjustments, the establishment of a comprehensive and scientific evaluation system and the accurate use of data, the mastery of first aid skills, regular drills and emphasis on prevention, the formulation of nutrition plans according to different stages and attention to details, as well as continuous learning, enhanced collaboration, adherence to professional norms and other aspects, forming a systematic and targeted skill development direction.

Developing a Specific Training Program to Improve 200-meter Sprint Ability for Middle School Students in Chaozhou City

2025-09-26T13:34:29+07:00

Background and Aims: Sprinting plays a central role in youth physical education in China, with the 200-meter sprint serving as a key component of entrance assessments at both middle and high school levels. Despite its importance, training programs in many schools remain repetitive and lack a scientific foundation, often failing to incorporate event-specific principles. Current approaches are largely generic and do not adequately address the unique physiological and technical demands of the 200-meter sprint. Consequently, students struggle to achieve substantial improvements in their sprinting performance. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate a structured training program designed to improve the 200-meter sprint ability of middle school students in Chaozhou City.

Methodology: This research was mixed-method research. The population of this research was 1,860 students and 24 physical education teachers from four middle schools in Chaozhou. Through the purposive sampling method, a total of 40 students from Zhengrong Middle School were selected as a sample group and participated in a 200-meter sprint test; their performance times were recorded. After that, 40 students were divided into two groups using the systematic sampling method. The training was conducted in 8 weeks, three times per week, and 60 minutes per session. To evaluate 200-meter sprint ability, this research used the sprint start reaction test, the 30-meter running test, the 100-meter curve running test, and the 200-meter sprint test. In this research, mean, standard deviation, independent t-tests, one-way repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc were used to analyze the data.

Result: The results showed that all ability indicators in the experimental group improved significantly at the 0.05 level compared with the control group. Sprint start reaction time decreased from 0.26 seconds to 0.24 seconds. The 30-meter running time was reduced from 5.08 seconds to 4.64 seconds. In the 100-meter curve running, times improved from 14.25 seconds to 13.75 seconds, and for the 200-meter sprint, times decreased from 27.99 seconds to 27.26 seconds. In addition, within the experimental group, all ability indicators demonstrated significant improvements across each stage (pre-test, mid-test, and post-test) at the 0.05 level.

Conclusion: The findings confirm that the developed training program effectively enhanced the overall 200-meter sprint performance of middle school students in Chaozhou City.

Construction of Physical Movement Games to Improve Motor Movement Ability for Preschool Children

2025-09-13T10:37:31+07:00

Background and Aims: The main objective of this research was to develop physical movement games to improve motor ability in preschool children.

Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative research. The participants consisted of 225 kindergarten children in Sichuan Province, who were assessed using the TGMD-3 test, and 5 physical education teachers, who were interviewed. Validity checks were conducted with three experts for teachers and expert interview questionnaires (IOC = 0.86 and 0.83). Seven experts identified factors related to preschool game teaching, and ten experts refined the draft of physical movement games through a focus group. Finally, nine experts verified the developed games using connoisseurship methods, with TGMD-3 data analyzed using mean and standard deviation, and qualitative data analyzed through content analysis.

Results: The research results found that the physical movement games to improve motor movement ability for preschool children for a total of 17 games, including 4 locomotor games, 9 object control games, and 4 integrated skills games.

Conclusion: All nine experts are unanimous that physical movement games for preschool children should be developmentally appropriate, inclusive, and engaging.

Effects of Specific Fitness Training Program on Football Dribbling Skills for Secondary School Students

2025-09-25T09:34:56+07:00

Background and Aims: Football dribbling requires integrated physical and cognitive capabilities. Traditional youth training often separates technical skills from physical conditioning, limiting performance development. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific fitness training program integrating neuromuscular, biomechanical, and cognitive principles on football dribbling skills among secondary school students.

Methodology: Thirty male students (aged 14) were randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) or control (n=15) groups. The experimental group completed an 8-week integrated training program combining neuromuscular and technical components, while controls followed traditional training. Assessments included 30-meter sprint, Agility T-test, vertical jump, eyes-closed balance, Illinois dribbling test, and 1v1 breakthrough success rate.

Results: The experimental group demonstrated significant superiority across all physical and dribbling measures (p<.05). Game-specific skills showed dramatic improvements, with 1v1 success rates increasing 75% versus 9% in controls. Physical capacities improved substantially: balance nearly tripled, agility enhanced 22%, and sprint speed increased 13% compared to controls. Progressive improvements occurred across all time points, indicating sustained adaptation throughout the intervention.

Conclusion: The integrated specific fitness training program significantly enhanced both fundamental physical capacities and football-specific dribbling skills. The systematic four-phase periodization model proved effective for sustained adaptation while preventing performance plateaus common in youth training interventions.

Developing a 7S Framework-based Management Guideline to Promote Community Qigong Clubs in Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

2025-09-13T09:58:48+07:00

Background and Aim: At present, community-based Health Qigong clubs in Xi’an City still face significant challenges in management practices, such as loose organizational structures, insufficient professional instructors, a lack of standardized guidelines, and weak safety monitoring mechanisms. The main objective of this research was to develop the 7S framework-based management guideline to promote the community qigong club in Xi’an city, the People's Republic of China.

Materials and Methods: This research employed a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research population covered 32 communities in Beilin District, Xi’an City (People’s Government of Beilin District, Xi’an, 2023). A total of 359 questionnaires were distributed to investigate the current management problems related to promoting community Qigong clubs, with 320 valid responses collected. In addition, five experts were interviewed to provide consultation on the draft of the management guideline. The guideline was then refined through a focus group discussion with nine experts and further validated by seven experts using the connoisseurship method.

Results: The research results found that the finalized management guideline was developed under the 7S management framework (Strategy, Structure, Systems, Staff, Skills, Style, and Shared Values). The results indicated that, based on the 7S framework and questionnaire analysis, most dimensions demonstrated moderate to high problem levels (X̅ ≥ 3.51). Consequently, the management guideline encompassed seven key dimensions: 10 strategy guidelines, 8 structure guidelines, 10 system guidelines, 8 staff guidelines, 8 skills guidelines, 8 style guidelines, and 8 shared values guidelines. In total, 60 specific guidelines were proposed, forming a systematic, clearly structured, and practically effective framework for promoting community Qigong clubs in Xi’an City.

Conclusion: The management guideline for community Qigong clubs in Xi’an, designed by the researcher and validated through expert review, was found to be scientific, reliable, and applicable. Overall, the study provides both theoretical support and practical strategies for advancing the integration of Health Qigong into urban community life, while ensuring sustainability and cultural inheritance.

Effects of Integrated Power and Plyometric Training on Sprint Performance in College Athletes

2025-09-26T13:40:24+07:00

Background and Aims: This study investigated the effects of integrated power and plyometric training on sprint performance in collegiate athletes. Traditional training approaches that separate strength and explosive power development may limit optimal performance adaptations. This research compared integrated versus conventional training methodologies.

Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted over 8 weeks with 30 male collegiate sprinters from Tianjin University of Sport, China (age: 20.00 ± 0.01 years). Participants were randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) or control (n=15) groups following paired matching based on baseline 100-meter performance. The experimental group performed integrated training combining maximal strength exercises (squats, deadlifts at 80-95% 1RM) with plyometric drills (depth jumps, hurdle jumps) within sessions, while the control group followed traditional segmented training. Both groups trained 4 sessions weekly. Assessments at pre-, mid-, and post-intervention included 100-meter sprint time, split times (30m, 30-60m, 60-100m), standing long jump, strength measures (1RM squat, bench press), and biomechanical parameters. Statistical analysis employed independent t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons (α=0.05).

Results: The experimental group demonstrated significantly superior improvements compared to controls in 100-meter sprint time (11.48 ± 0.17s vs. 11.81 ± 0.13s, p < 0.01, d = 2.12), 60-100 meter split time (4.21 ± 0.16s vs. 4.52 ± 0.06s, p < 0.01, d = 2.47), and stride frequency (51.47 ± 1.60 steps. vs. 53.00 ± 0.85 steps, p = 0.02, d = 0.92). Within-group analysis revealed continuous progressive development across all testing phases for the experimental group in all measured variables (p < 0.05, η² > 0.67). Maximal strength improvements were similar between groups.

Conclusion: Integrated power and plyometric training produces superior sprint-specific performance development compared to traditional methods. The synergistic combination enhances neuromuscular adaptations and biomechanical efficiency essential for elite sprint performance, particularly in speed endurance and running economy.

Developing an Integrated Cognitive Training Program to Improve Volleyball Skills for High School Students

2025-09-28T21:32:29+07:00

Background and Aims: Traditional high school volleyball training methods often focus on repetitive technical drills without adequately addressing cognitive development, potentially limiting students' ability to perform effectively in dynamic competitive environments. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an integrated cognitive training program that simultaneously enhances volleyball technical skills and cognitive abilities in high school students aged 16-18 years.

Methodology: The experimental group received an 8-week integrated cognitive training program combining traditional volleyball skills (passing, serving, spiking, receiving) with cognitive components (perception, attention, reaction, decision-making). The control group underwent conventional training. Assessment tools included four validated volleyball skill tests (Static Jump.

Spiking Test, Basic Serve Accuracy Test, Static Passing Test, Dynamic Serve-and-Receive Test; IOC≥0.95) and three cognitive ability measures (Visual-Spatial Perception Test, Selective Attention Test, Tactical Decision Simulation Test; IOC≥0.90). Pre-test, mid-test (4 weeks), and post-test

(8 weeks) Assessments were conducted. Data analysis utilized independent samples t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc tests, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.

Results: The experimental group demonstrated significantly superior performance compared to the control group in spike hit accuracy (63.00±6.76% vs 42.70±12.66%, p<0.001), tactical decision-making reaction time (662.5±93.620ms vs 820.30±47.41ms, p<0.001), and visual perception accuracy (85.10±8.89% vs 74.30±9.58%, p<0.001). Within-group analysis revealed progressive improvements across all measured variables with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large (η²G=0.11-0.50).

Conclusion: The integrated cognitive training program effectively improved both volleyball technical skills and cognitive performance in high school students, supporting holistic youth sport development approaches.

The Effects of Organizing Experience by Using the Storyline Method with the R-C-A Question Technique to Enhance Reasoning and Thinking Ability of Kindergarteners

2025-09-03T07:35:06+07:00

Background and Aims: Organizing learning experiences using the Storyline teaching method combined with the R-C-A questioning technique is an engaging instructional approach that emphasizes the development of thinking skills through self-directed knowledge exploration. Designing learning experiences that align with the developmental stages of thinking can provide children with a foundation in reasoning skills, enabling them to learn appropriately for education in the 21st century. The purposes of this research are: (1) To study the effectiveness index of organizing learning experiences using the Storyline teaching method combined with the R-C-A questioning technique in promoting kindergarten children’s reasoning abilities. (2) To compare the mean scores of kindergarten children’s reasoning ability before and after the experiment.”

Methodology:The participants of this study were 5–6-year-old children enrolled in Kindergarten 3 during the first semester of the 2025 academic year at Ban Nong Phak Nam School, under the Office of Sakaeo Primary Educational Service Area 1. The research instruments included: (1) lesson plans for organizing learning experiences using the Storyline teaching method combined with the R-C-A questioning technique, consisting of six steps: Step 1 – Presenting the situation; Step 2 – Generating questions; Step 3 – Planning and implementing; Step 4 – Connecting the situation; Step 5 – Problem-solving; and Step 6 – Reviewing the story, and (2) an assessment form for measuring kindergarten children’s reasoning abilities. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, effectiveness index, and hypothesis testing with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.

Results: The results were as follows: The effectiveness index of organizing learning experiences using the Storyline teaching method combined with the R-C-A questioning technique was 0.7644, indicating that the program was 76.44% effective in improving children’s reasoning ability. (2) The reasoning ability of kindergarten children after the experiment was significantly higher than before the experiment, p < .05, with a pre-test mean score of 1.36 and a post-test mean score of 2.89

Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that organizing learning experiences through the storyline teaching method combined with the R-C-A questioning technique can be effectively applied to promote the reasoning ability of kindergarten children.

The Influence of Entrepreneurs’ Demographic Characteristics and Digital Marketing Strategies on the Business Performance of Restaurants on Food Delivery Platforms in Chatuchak District, Bangkok

2025-08-30T11:31:32+07:00

Background and Aims: The rapid expansion of online food delivery platforms in Bangkok reflects Thailand’s ongoing transition toward a digital economy. However, limited empirical research has examined how entrepreneurs’ demographic characteristics and digital marketing strategies jointly influence the business performance of restaurants operating on these platforms. This study, therefore, aims to (1) investigate the effects of entrepreneurs’ demographic characteristics on business performance and (2) analyze the impact of digital marketing strategies on restaurant performance within the Chatuchak District of Bangkok. This research fills a crucial gap by integrating demographic and digital strategy perspectives to explain business success in the online food service sector.

Methodology: The quantitative research approach was employed. Data was collected from a sample size of 400 restaurant entrepreneurs in the Chatuchak district, Bangkok. Data was collected through convenience sampling using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics comprising the F-test, pairwise comparison using LSD, and multiple regression analysis, were applied at a statistical significance level of 0.05.

Results: Findings revealed that gender, age, education level, and monthly income significantly influenced restaurant business performance (p < 0.05). Among digital marketing strategies, online reputation management had the strongest positive effect, followed by content creation, social media engagement, modern marketing communication, and influencer marketing. The combined predictive power of these factors accounted for 92.70% of the variance in business performance.

Conclusion: Both demographic characteristics and strategic use of digital marketing play a decisive role in enhancing restaurant performance on food delivery platforms. The study contributes novel practical implications for entrepreneurs and policymakers in strengthening competitiveness and achieving sustainable growth in Thailand’s digital food service economy.

Causal Factors Influencing Purchase Intention of Lifestyle Products via Live Streaming Channels in Bangkok

2025-08-30T10:43:17+07:00

Background and Aims: In the digital era, consumer behavior is rapidly shifting in response to technological trends. Livestream commerce has become a prominent channel. When it comes to online purchasing decisions, two key factors play a crucial role: the influence of online influencers and consumer satisfaction. Therefore, this research aims to examine the influence of online influencers and consumer satisfaction on the purchase intention of lifestyle products via live streaming channels in Bangkok.

Methodology: A quantitative research methodology was employed, collecting data from 499 consumers in Bangkok who had either experienced purchasing or intentions of purchasing lifestyle products through live streaming. Data were gathered using an online questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS software.

Results: The findings revealed that online influencers have both direct and indirect effects on consumers' purchase intentions of lifestyle products via live streaming, with consumer satisfaction partially mediating these relationships. The causal relationship model significantly explains consumer behavior and can effectively serve as a guideline for developing online marketing strategies to enhance marketing performance through live streaming channels.

Conclusion: Consumer satisfaction serves as a catalyst that amplifies the impact of online influencers, translating their influence into concrete purchasing decisions. This insight contributes to the development of livestream marketing strategies that emphasize delivering “positive and instantly tangible experiences” to consumers. A key component of this approach is fostering meaningful interaction between influencers and consumers, which directly enhances satisfaction. Moreover, this study helps bridge existing academic gaps by addressing the increasingly complex nature of modern consumer behavior in the digital era.

The Development of a Thai Language Instructional Model to Enhance Creative Writing Using the Knowledge Building Theory for Grade 6 Students

2025-10-01T09:37:48+07:00

Background and Aims: This study aimed to: (1) examine the needs for developing creative writing instruction; (2) develop a Thai language instructional model to enhance creative writing using the Knowledge Building Theory for Grade 6 students, with a quality benchmark of E₁/E₂; and (3) To study the results of using Thai language teaching models and evaluate the overall results so that operations and reporting of results follow the logic of consistent R&D research.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 23 Grade 6 students from Ban Khuem Chad Tat Bok Srisomporn School, under the Yasothon Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, during the first semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample was selected using a cluster random sampling method. The research instruments included: a Thai language instructional model to enhance creative writing for Grade 6 students; 12 lesson plans. The creative writing ability test is a 30-item, four-choice multiple-choice test. (P) ranging from 0.33 to 0.75, item discrimination (B) ranging from 0.30 to 0.77, and a reliability coefficient of 0.89; and a 19-item satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviations, and t-tests.

Results: The study revealed that 1) The need for developing creative writing instruction was found to be at a high level, particularly in reading skills, with the highest average score of 4.57. Both teachers and students expressed a strong need to improve reading and writing through various media, such as prose, poetry, rhymes, and short stories. Additionally, they emphasized the importance of developing skills in explanatory reading, interest-based reading, and reading information from diagrams, maps, charts, and graphs. 2) A Thai language instructional model based on the Knowledge Building Theory was developed to enhance creative writing for Grade 6 students. The model consisted of six key components and four instructional steps: activating prior knowledge, reading practice, presentation and knowledge exchange, and summarization and evaluation. The model was rated as highly appropriate, with an average score of 4.52. 3) The implementation of the model showed high effectiveness (E₁/E₂ = 83.43/81.67). Students’ creative writing performance improved significantly, with the average score increasing from 12.64 before instruction to 24.50 after instruction. Students reported a very high level of satisfaction with the model (\bar{x} = 4.60). And 4) The overall evaluation of the model by teachers indicated the highest level of agreement (\bar{x} = 4.60, S.D. = 0.50).

Conclusion: The development of a Thai-language instructional model to enhance creative writing for Grade 6 students, based on the Knowledge Building Theory, revealed that both teachers and students expressed a strong need to improve reading and writing skills through various media. The developed model consisted of six core components and four instructional steps and was evaluated as highly appropriate. The model's implementation demonstrated high effectiveness, with students reporting high levels of learning satisfaction and teachers expressing highly positive views of it.

Internal Environmental Factors and Motivational Factors Affecting Job Performance of Personnel in Local Administrative Organizations in Nikhom Phatthana District, Rayong Province

2025-08-31T23:56:06+07:00

Background and Aims: As public expectations for government services increase high expectations from citizens, enhancing the job performance of personnel within local administrative organizations (LAOs) has become a crucial for effective public administrations has become a critical factor in the success of public Administration, This study aimed to (1) Examine the levels of internal organizational environment, work motivation, and job performance; (2) compare job performance across various demographic factors; and (3) analyze the Impact of internal organizational factors and motivational factors on job performance of personnel within local administrative organizations in Nikhom Phatthana District, Rayong Province.

Methodology: A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 250 LAO personnel in the district. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis at the 0.05 significance level.

Results: The findings indicated that the internal organizational environment, motivational factors, and job performance were all rated at a high level. A significant difference in job performance was found based on organizational affiliation, but no significant differences were observed for other demographic factors. Key internal environment components, including shared values, organizational structure, skills, systems, and personnel, collectively predicted 91.3% of the variance in job performance. Similarly, motivational factors such as job characteristics, recognition, and responsibility accounted for 76.6% of the variance.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that focusing on internal organizational conditions and employee motivation can provide strategic guidance for human resource management in LAOs. By strengthening these areas, public administration performance can be improved.

Chinese Perspectives on Teaching and Coaching Competence in University Aerobics

2025-10-01T09:42:37+07:00

Background and Aims: Universities play a crucial role in producing high-quality human resources. Aerobic education contributes to students’ physical, mental, and emotional development by integrating artistic and athletic elements. This research aims to compare and analyze the levels of teaching competence and coaching competence among aerobics instructors in universities, identifying the relationship and differences between these two domains, and providing recommendations for improving the quality of aerobics education.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative descriptive research design using a purposive sampling method. The sample consisted of 120 university aerobics instructors (60 males and 60 females), aged 25–45 years, teaching in both public and private universities in Thailand. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed from a competency framework covering six dimensions: knowledge, practical skills, media and technology use, classroom management, and personal attributes. And motivational skills.

Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference between teaching and coaching competencies (p < 0.05). Teaching competence was rated higher, reflecting a greater emphasis on inclusivity, knowledge transfer, and classroom engagement, whereas coaching competence highlighted performance-driven approaches and competition-oriented skill development.

Conclusion: Overall, the research demonstrates that effective university aerobics instructors require a balance between teaching and coaching competencies. Strengthening both domains enhances instructional quality, student motivation, and overall learning outcomes. The study highlights the need for continuous professional development programs to integrate pedagogical and coaching approaches for optimal student and athlete performance.

Designing a Complex Training Program to Enhance Specific Fitness and Kick Performance in Wushu Sanda Athletes

2025-09-27T13:10:37+07:00

Background and Aims:Wushu Sanda performance requires the integration of neuromuscular power and cognitive skill, yet traditional training often fails to bridge the gap between gym-based fitness and competitive application. This study designed and evaluated an integrated complex training program to simultaneously enhance specific fitness, kick performance, and cognitive abilities in youth Sanda athletes.

Methodology: Thirty male Wushu Sanda athletes (17.20 ± 0.75 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=15) that underwent an 8-week integrated complex training program or a control group (n=15) that continued conventional training. The program combined high-intensity resistance, plyometric, and cognitive-perceptual drills. Performance was assessed pre-, mid-, and post-intervention using validated tests for physical fitness (strength, power, RFD), kick performance (power, velocity), and cognitive function (reaction time, decision-making).

Results: The experimental group showed significantly greater improvements (p <.05) compared to the control group across all domains, including maximal strength (+10.5% vs. +2.1%), explosive power (+13.9% vs. +2.4%), kick power (+10.8% vs. +2.3%), and choice reaction time (−11.1% vs. −1.2%), with large effect sizes.

Conclusion: An integrated complex training approach is a highly effective methodology for concurrently developing the physical and cognitive attributes essential for Wushu Sanda. This evidence-based paradigm provides a superior alternative to conventional training for optimizing athlete performance.

The Impact of Team Cohesion on the Social Prestige of Competitive Sports Clubs in Chinese Universities

2025-09-09T09:49:08+07:00

Background and Aim: University sports clubs contribute to student development and institutional reputation, yet the link between team cohesion and clubs’ perceived external prestige remains underexamined in China. This study tests whether team cohesion is associated with higher perceived external prestige among competitive sports clubs in Chinese universities.

Methodology: The total population size is 2,777 members. According to the Krejcie and Morgan Table, when the population size N=2,777, the recommended sample size S=338.This study plans to sample 338 participants, exceeding the recommended sample size, ensuring the sample's diversity and representativeness. For this study's quantitative survey, questionnaire data will be collected from 338 participants, including club members, captains, and coaches. The questionnaire will be used primarily to measure levels of team cohesion and social prestige.

Results: The Mean and Standard Deviation of the Current Team Cohesion of Competitive Sport Clubs in Chinese Universities. As in the table of contents, by analyzing the descriptive statistics of each variable, this paper can further reveal the characteristics of respondents' ratings on different dimensions and provide a basis for subsequent analyses

Conclusion: Cohesive teams are perceived as more prestigious externally, particularly in team sport clubs. Strengthening communication, shared goals, and supportive climates may thus enhance clubs’ reputational capital and access to resources.

Interpretation of “Russian Mighty Handful Art Song” for Piano Accompaniment

2025-09-04T08:13:46+07:00

Background and Aims: The “Russian Mighty Handful,” comprising Balakirev, Borodin, Cui, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov, played a decisive role in shaping the Russian national school of music during the 19th century. Their contributions to art songs with piano accompaniment integrated folk traditions, national sentiment, and Western techniques, thereby establishing a distinct Russian style. This study aims to analyze the artistic value, stylistic features, and interpretive challenges of piano accompaniment in their art songs, while assessing their influence on subsequent Russian and global musical traditions.

Methodology: A qualitative-quantitative mixed approach was applied. The research included score analysis, performance recordings, and textual interpretation of representative works by the Mighty Handful. Data were collected through statistical analysis of more than 150 piano-accompanied art songs, complemented by audience surveys (n = 500) and expert interviews. Analytical tools such as music notation study, audio feature extraction, and regression modeling were used to examine stylistic characteristics, harmonic effects, and performance techniques.

Results: Findings indicate that the Mighty Handful’s piano accompaniments perform multiple roles beyond vocal support, creating atmospheres, evoking landscapes, and reinforcing narrative depth. Statistical results showed audience preference for rich harmony and expressive techniques, with Technique C achieving the highest approval. Regression analysis revealed that age and music education background significantly influenced listeners’ preferences. Qualitative feedback highlighted the delicacy, innovation, and nationalistic character of the accompaniments, confirming their enduring artistic and cultural value.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the Mighty Handful revolutionized art song accompaniment through technical innovation and nationalistic expression, laying the foundation for later Russian composers such as Tchaikovsky and Rachmaninoff. Their works remain central to Russian musical heritage and continue to inspire performers and scholars worldwide. Future research should further explore cross-cultural dissemination and employ digital technologies for deeper analysis of Russian art song accompaniment.

Development of Key Competencies of Physical Education Teachers in Universities for Jiangxi Province, the People's Republic of China

2025-09-28T09:50:48+07:00

Background and Aims: Developing key competencies among university physical education (PE) teachers is essential for enhancing teaching quality and aligning with educational modernization goals in China. In Jiangxi Province, the lack of a localized competency framework has limited systematic evaluation and professional development. This study aimed to construct and validate a three-tier competency model integrating McClelland’s competency theory with Marxist human development and Confucian educational principles to ensure contextual and cultural relevance.

Methodology: A mixed-methods design was employed. Data collection involved a literature review, semi-structured interviews with 7 experts, an IOC content validity assessment by 5 specialists (overall IOC = 0.85), and a questionnaire survey of 201 university PE teachers. Two Delphi rounds with 19 experts were conducted to evaluate appropriateness, clarity, and feasibility, using consensus criteria of Median ≥ 4.00 and IQR ≤ 1.00. A nine-member focus group refined the model’s applicability, followed by connoisseurship evaluation by 7 senior experts to finalize the framework.

Results: The finalized model comprises three domains: Generic, Core, and Functional Competencies, with 12 sub-dimensions and 63 measurable indicators. All indicators met high consensus thresholds (Median≥4.50, IQR ≤ 1.00). Quantitative and qualitative analyses confirmed the model’s clarity, practicality, and cultural fit. The framework provides a validated structure for evaluating teacher performance, guiding professional development, and aligning university PE teaching with national competency-based reforms.

Conclusions: The developed competency model offers a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for improving PE teacher development and educational quality in Jiangxi Province. It bridges international competency theory and local educational practice, serving as a reference for similar higher education contexts in China and beyond.

Managerial Guidelines to Promote Pickleball for University Students in Hebei Province

2025-10-09T11:22:37+07:00

Background and Aims: This study aimed to develop systematic managerial guidelines for promoting pickleball among university students at Hebei University of Finance by applying the POLC (Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling) management framework.

Methodology: A mixed-methods design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample group consisted of 900 male and female students aged 18–22 years and 20 faculty members selected through purposive sampling. Research instruments included a structured questionnaire, an expert interview protocol, and a focus group discussion guide. The questionnaire’s content validity, verified by three experts, yielded an Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) of 0.79. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. Five experts were interviewed to refine the draft of key management factors, and nine experts participated in focus group discussions guided by the POLC model to finalize the framework.

Results: The results revealed that promoting pickleball in universities significantly enhanced students’ interest in physical activity, ball-handling skills, and cooperative spirit, while enriching the diversity of campus sports culture. The developed managerial framework consisted of 26 key recommendations: 6 for planning, 5 for organizing, 7 for leading, and 8 for controlling. Statistical analysis showed high expert agreement (Mean = 4.52, SD = 0.48), confirming the framework’s validity and feasibility.

Conclusion: Experts emphasized that systematic development of pickleball through curriculum integration, resource allocation, facility improvement, media promotion, and inter-university collaboration effectively increased student participation and performance. The finalized guidelines demonstrate that sustainable management, diversified evaluation, and continuous quality improvement are crucial to promoting pickleball and enhancing students’ engagement at Hebei University of Finance.

A Model for Teaching International Music Based on the Flipped Classroom Concept: Integrating Systems Thinking, Practical Skills, and Innovation

2025-09-26T13:22:36+07:00

Background and Aims: Amid global changes, educational models have been continuously developed and adapted to learners’ behaviors and environments to maximize learning effectiveness. This study aimed to (1) compare students’ learning achievement before and after the implementation of the model, (2) examine students’ performance skills in Western music after learning through the model, (3) investigate students’ innovation abilities, and (4) explore students’ opinions toward the model.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 35 Grade 11 students enrolled in a Western music course during the second semester of the 2023 academic year, selected through purposive sampling. Research instruments included a learning management model, a model manual, six lesson plans, an achievement test, performance skill evaluation forms, innovation ability assessments, and a student opinion questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, dependent t-test, and content analysis.

Results: Findings revealed that (1) students’ learning achievement after applying the model was significantly higher than before at the .05 level, (2) students’ Western music performance skills were at a very high level, (3) students’ innovation abilities were also at a very high level, and (4) students’ overall opinions toward the learning model were highly positive.

Conclusion: The developed learning management model, integrating system-based higher-order thinking with performance skill development under the flipped classroom concept, was proven effective in enhancing students’ academic achievement, practical music performance, and innovation ability, while also receiving favorable feedback from learners.

Application of Learning Theory to Develop Learner-Focused Teaching in the Digital Era

2025-09-25T08:51:34+07:00

Background and Aims: The digital era has brought rapid changes to the education system, requiring teaching and learning approaches to adapt to contemporary learning contexts. This article aims to examine the application of learning theory in connecting learning approaches to the characteristics of digital-age learners.

Methodology: This study employed documentary research to analyze concepts and knowledge from textbooks, academic works, and relevant sources, synthesizing them into a new conceptual framework for developing teaching in the digital era.

Results: The findings reveal that each learning theory has distinctive strengths and limitations in five aspects: learning, teaching, assessment, application, and motivation. The integration of the four major theories-Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, and Connectivism-forms an Integrated Learning Cycle (ILC) that enhances instructional effectiveness.

Conclusion: Teaching in the digital era should adopt an integrated approach in which teachers serve as designers of learning environments, while learners act as creators, connectors, and reflective thinkers. This approach contributes to developing digital citizens with competencies who are prepared to face the challenges of the 21st century.

Design and Develop Online Teamwork Activities to Promote Soft Skills in the 21st Century for Students of Surindra Rajabhat University

2026-05-13T09:14:53+07:00

Background and Aims: Soft skills are crucial 21st-century skills that impact academic and professional success, particularly communication, teamwork, time management, and problem-solving skills. However, university students still face limitations in these skills, making it necessary to develop appropriate learning activities that align with the current digital context. This study aimed to design and develop online teamwork activities to promote 21st-century soft skills among students at Surin Rajabhat University and to examine the effects of these activities on students' soft skill development.

Methodology: The research was divided into two phases: (1) designing and developing online teamwork activities by reviewing relevant documents and research, and interviewing experts to determine the activity components; and (2) studying the effects of the activities with a sample group of 40 first-year students from Surin Rajabhat University, selected using simple random sampling. The research instruments included the online teamwork activities and a soft skills assessment form. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The effectiveness was determined using the 75/75 criterion and a paired samples t-test.

Results: The activity design consisted of eight components: activity-supporting technology, training methods, the role of the instructor or activity supervisor, student participation and interaction, evaluation and feedback, student support services, flexibility and accessibility, and quality assessment. The developed activity had an effectiveness of 79.21/82.96, exceeding the set criterion. Furthermore, students' soft skill scores after training were significantly higher than before training at the .05 statistical significance level, both overall and in individual aspects, including communication skills, teamwork skills, time management skills, and problem-solving skills.

Conclusion: The developed online teamwork activity is effective and can effectively promote 21st-century soft skills among students at Surin Rajabhat University. Therefore, it can be applied in higher education learning management to develop skills necessary for future learning and work.

The Effect of School Safety on Learning Environment and Students’ Safety Behavior in Primary Schools

2025-09-22T08:49:27+07:00

Background and Aims: The purposes of this research were: (1) to examine the levels of school safety, learning environment, and students’ safety behavior in primary schools; (2) to study the relationship between school safety, learning environment, and students’ safety behavior in primary schools; (3) to study how school safety influences the learning environment and students’ safety behavior in primary schools.

Methodology: The study sample consisted of 320 teachers from primary schools under the Pathumthani District 1 Educational Service Area Office, selected using Krejcie and Morgan's table. Data were collected using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire divided into four sections, with a content validity index ranging from 0.60 to 1.00 and an overall reliability coefficient of 0.979. Data analysis included mean, percentage, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with stepwise selection.

Results: (1) overall school safety and students' safety behavior were rated at a high level, whereas the learning environment was rated at the highest level; (2) school safety correlated strongly with the learning environment (r = .824) and students' safety behavior (r = .769); and (3) school safety significantly predicted 68.30% and 60.90% of the variance, respectively.

Conclusion: School safety significantly predicted 68.30% of the variance in the learning environment, with building and facility safety having the greatest impact, and 60.90% of the variance in students' safety behavior, with protection from violence and all forms of abuse being the strongest predictor. However, the aspect of risk reduction and disaster recovery in schools showed no statistically significant effect.

The Influence of Place Attachment and Nostalgic Proneness on Tourist Well-being: Evidence from Cultural Heritage Destinations in Taiwan

2025-10-14T18:52:07+07:00

Background and Aims: Heritage tourism enhances cultural continuity and psychological well-being, yet most prior studies emphasize tourists’ behavioral intentions rather than their deeper psychological outcomes. This study addresses this gap by investigating how place attachment dimensions—place dependence and place identity—together with nostalgic proneness—affect tourists’ well-being at Sanxia Old Street, Taiwan.

Methodology: A quantitative survey was conducted with 386 domestic tourists visiting Sanxia Old Street, Taiwan. Data collected via a structured questionnaire (five-point Likert scale) were analyzed using SPSS 30 through descriptive, correlation, and multiple regression analyses to test hypothesized relationships among variables.

Results: Findings show that all three constructs significantly and positively influenced tourists’ well-being, with place dependence emerging as the strongest predictor (β = .681, p < .001). The regression model explained 75.6% of the variance in well-being (R² = .756), confirming that both functional and emotional attachments, along with nostalgic feelings, play essential roles in enhancing tourists’ psychological outcomes.

Conclusion: Functional usability, emotional connection, and nostalgic engagement are key contributors to tourist well-being in heritage contexts. Heritage managers can apply these insights by enhancing accessibility, preserving authenticity, and designing memory-based experiences to create more meaningful and restorative visits that sustain the cultural value of heritage tourism in Taiwan.

The Significance of Indigenous Preservation in Cultural Transmission: A Case Study of the “San Sheng” Culture

2025-09-22T08:38:00+07:00

Background and Aims: The "San Sheng" culture is a significant folk art form of the Yi ethnic group in Shuangbai, Chuxiong, Yunnan, characterized by its unique primal ecological features and profound ethnic cultural connotations. However, in the context of globalization and modernization, the authenticity and indigenous nature of traditional culture are at risk of erosion and homogenization. Therefore, exploring the importance of primal ecological inheritance in cultural transmission is crucial for preserving ethnic cultural diversity and achieving the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). This study takes the "San Sheng" culture as a case to analyze the value and role of primal ecological inheritance in cultural dissemination.

Methodology: This study adopts a combined approach of literature review, Fieldwork, and in-depth interviews to systematically examine the historical origins, performance forms, and contemporary dissemination of "San Sheng" culture, interpreted through cultural transmission theory.

Results: Through in-depth interviews on the "San Sheng" culture, it was found that its unique rituals and cultural background are key to maintaining artistic forms and ethnic identity. The interview data indicate that participants generally believe traditional rituals are the core of cultural identity and also crucial in forming cultural differentiation advantages during cross-regional transmission. Moreover, its primal ecological nature enhances cultural engagement and ritual significance, increasing its communicative value in the development of cultural industries and cultural tourism integration in the new era.

Conclusion: The preservation and transmission of "San Sheng" culture must adhere to a dual approach of "primal ecological inheritance and innovative dissemination"—ensuring respect for its authenticity while leveraging modern tools such as digital media and cultural-creative products for broader outreach. This study provides valuable insights for enhancing ethnic cultural communication strategies and ICH safeguarding practices.

Development Strategies for Recreational Tourism Management to Enhance Tourist Attractions in Taiyuan

2025-10-07T12:11:53+07:00

Background and Aim: With China's economic growth, rising national income, and upgrading tourism demands, recreation tourism has become the mainstream consumption trend. Tourism destinations aim to provide tourists with a holistic experience—a synthesis of travel products and services that offer integrated experiential offerings. (Tongqian, 2006) Despite possessing over a hundred renowned, pristine attractions, Taiyuan has failed to effectively integrate its fragmented resources across "eating, lodging, transportation, sightseeing, shopping, and entertainment," resulting in significantly lagging development and utilization. Therefore, through the rational development and full exploitation of Taiyuan's abundant tourism resources, transforming resource advantages into economic strengths will not only meet the recreation travel needs of urban residents but also drive the structural upgrade of Taiyuan's recreation tourism industry, thereby boosting local economic growth.

Methodology: This study adopts the R&D research method, and the author used both quantitative and qualitative data that were collected through questionnaires and interviews, and SWOT and TOWS analyses were applied to formulate strategic recommendations.

Results: The study identified Taiyuan’s strengths in cultural and natural resources, weaknesses in infrastructure and service quality, and opportunities through digital innovation and policy support.

Conclusion: In general, Taiyuan City has abundant tourism resources and significant potential for recreational tourism development. However, these resources have not yet been fully developed or utilized effectively. If the development strategies proposed in this study are implemented, the tourist attractions in Taiyuan City are expected to become more attractive, and the regional tourism industry is expected to become more sustainable.

The Push-Pull-Resistance Model: Integrating Art Revitalization and Ecotourism in Hainan's Coastal Villages

2025-10-02T09:27:44+07:00

Background and Aims: Rural art-ecotourism integration has become a prominent development approach in China, yet existing frameworks inadequately explain why similar interventions produce divergent outcomes. This gap is especially evident in fragile coastal fishing villages where cultural preservation, ecological protection, and economic transformation generate complex tensions.

Methodology: This study employs theoretical modeling, synthesizing systems theory and push–pull–resistance frameworks. The model is developed through conceptual deduction, drawing illustratively on secondary analysis of policy and case literature from Hainan’s coastal context. By integrating systems theory and push-pull-resistance theory, a dialectical dynamic model is constructed, comprising the "Basic Dynamic Layer (Push/Pull) – Core Process Layer (Resistance) – Target System Layer (Dynamic Equilibrium)". This model focuses on analyzing the creative transformation mechanism of "resistance" during the integration process and, based on the model's internal logic, deduces different integrated development pathways.

Results: The study identifies three major dynamic systems driving integration: the "Push" system, centered on endogenous cultural force, policy impetus, and industrial transformation pressure; the "Pull" system, centered on market demand and the attraction of capital and talent; and the "Resistance" system, composed of four-dimensional tensions in culture, ecology, industry, and governance. Crucially, the research highlights that resistance functions as a form of creative tension, actively shaping differentiated pathways rather than serving merely as friction. Consequently, three differentiated pathways are deduced: (1) The Culture-Led Pathway, achieving value reconstruction through in-depth exploration and contemporary expression of local culture; (2) The Ecology-Priority Pathway, internalizing ecological constraints as design principles to develop low-interference experience economies; (3) The Governance-Innovation Pathway, resolving structural contradictions by constructing a networked governance structure involving multiple stakeholders.

Conclusion: The push–pull–resistance dialectical model demonstrates that outcomes depend on how tensions are transformed, not merely on the strength of push or pull forces. It offers both theoretical insight and practical guidance for achieving balanced cultural, ecological, economic, and governance outcomes. The model possesses not only theoretical explanatory power but also offers actionable pathway references for integrated cultural and tourism development practices in Hainan and similar regions. Future research could further test and refine this framework through cross-regional comparisons and longitudinal tracking.

Factors Affecting Social Support the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Thepha Sub-District, Thepha District, Songkhla Province

2025-08-31T23:51:33+07:00

Background and Aims: Thailand is transitioning into an aging society. The government sector must adapt by developing services that promote the quality of life of the elderly. This study aimed to: (1) examine the levels of social support and quality of life among the elderly in Thepha Subdistrict Municipality, Thepha District, Songkhla Province; (2) compare the quality of life of the elderly classified by demographic factors; and (3) analyze the social support factors influencing the quality of life of the elderly in the study area.

Methodology: This research employed a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 350 elderly individuals aged 60 years and over, residing in Thepha Subdistrict Municipality, selected through simple random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.985. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: The results showed that: (1) The overall level of social support perceived by the elderly was high. The emotional support dimension had the highest mean score, followed by informational support, while the tangible support dimension (material, financial, and services) had the lowest. The overall quality of life of the elderly was at a moderate level, with the highest mean in the social relationship domain and the lowest in the environmental domain. (2) Demographic factors such as gender, age, occupation, family living arrangements, and duration of illness significantly affected the quality of life at the 0.05 level. On the other hand, marital status, educational level, monthly income, savings, and debt status showed no significant difference. (3) Emotional support, informational support, and tangible support significantly influenced the quality of life of the elderly at the 0.05 level. These factors could predict 31.8% of the variance in the quality of life (Adjusted R² = .318).

Conclusion: The findings of this study provide guidelines for local administrative organizations to enhance social support mechanisms aimed at improving the quality of life of the elderly. Central to this approach is the development of financial literacy, including personal financial management and the provision of channels for financial assistance. Strengthening these aspects will enable the elderly to live a high-quality life.

Strategies for Creating Cooperation between Public and Private Sectors to Foster Community Business in Mueang District, Khon Kaen Province

2025-10-17T09:24:22+07:00

Background and Aims: Strategies for creating cooperation between the public and private sectors can generate sufficient income for people in communities. However, changes in the social context still require solutions in many areas. Therefore, this research has the following objectives: 1) to examine the general condition of strategies for creating cooperation between public and private sectors to foster community business, (2) to examine the factors influencing strategies for creating cooperation between public and private sectors to foster community business, and (3) to formulate strategies for creating cooperation between public and private sectors to foster community business in Mueang district, Khon Kaen province.

Methodology: This research was a mixed-methods research between quantitative and qualitative research. The sample group consisted of 381 respondents, including government and private officials and community members. The target group comprised 10 key informants, including representatives from government agencies, local authorities, and the private sector. The instruments used in the research included a questionnaire, an interview form, and a group discussion. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, multiple regression analysis, and descriptive analysis.

Results: The research results revealed that the condition of strategies for creating cooperation between the public and private sectors to foster community business in Mueang district, Khon Kaen province, was at a moderate level. Factors influencing strategies for creating cooperation between public and private sectors to foster community business were significant at the .05 level, including information-sharing cooperation factor (X2), planning cooperation factor (X1), and evaluation cooperation factor (X5). The strategies for creating cooperation between public and private sectors to foster community business comprised three key components as follows: (1) development planning, (2) cooperation management, and (3) performance evaluation. The validation results of strategies for creating cooperation between public and private sectors to foster community business in Mueang district, Khon Kaen province, were found to be appropriate, consistent, feasible, and beneficial.

Conclusion: The results of the study on strategies for creating cooperation between the public and private sectors in promoting community business were found that they are appropriate, consistent, feasible, and beneficial.

The Status and Exercise Needs of International Graduate Students at the Faculty of Sports Science and Technology, Bangkokthonburi University

2025-09-07T15:17:27+07:00

Background and Aims: In recent years, the number of international students pursuing graduate studies abroad has steadily increased. These students often face various transitions, including cultural adjustments, environmental changes, and shifts in health-related behaviors. One of the most important behaviors influencing overall well-being is physical exercise, which plays a vital role in promoting physical health, mental wellness, and academic performance. However, international students frequently encounter multiple barriers to regular physical activity, such as lack of time, language difficulties, cultural differences, and low motivation. These limitations may prevent them from fully accessing and participating in exercise-related activities. Understanding the current state and exercise needs of international graduate students can provide valuable insights for universities and related institutions to design suitable programs and develop supportive infrastructure. Such efforts are essential to effectively and sustainably promote students’ health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the state of physical exercise and explore the exercise needs of international graduate students.

Methodology: This research employed a survey design. The sample consisted of 286 international graduate students enrolled in the 2024 academic year at the Faculty of Sports Science and Technology, Bangkokthonburi University. A total of 276 completed questionnaires were returned, yielding a 96.50% response rate. The research instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire divided into four sections: (1) general demographic information (checklist format), (2) current physical exercise conditions, (3) exercise needs, and (4) open-ended comments and suggestions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

Results: The findings revealed that most international graduate students reported a high level of exercise need (40.94%), followed by moderate and very high levels, respectively. Regarding current exercise facilities and equipment, 43.64% of respondents rated them as “adequate and appropriate.” However, in terms of personnel and budget support for exercise activities, a majority of students evaluated these aspects as “inadequate and inappropriate,” with 62.82% citing insufficient personnel and 60.71% indicating inadequate budget allocation.

The Development of Mathematics Problem Solving for grade 8 students using KWDL Learning Activities with Application

2025-10-15T14:38:05+07:00

Background and Aims: The study addressed the persistent issue of limited mathematical problem-solving ability among Grade 8 students at Ban Nong Dern School, Roi Et Province. The core problem identified was students’ insufficient understanding of how to analyze mathematical problems systematically. Many were unable to distinguish between the given information and the required solution, which led to confusion, a lack of planning, and unstructured solution processes. To overcome these difficulties, this study adopted the KWDL instructional approach integrated with applications—Quizizz, GeoGebra, and QANDA—as a pedagogical innovation to enhance students’ mathematical problem-solving competence. The objective was to develop students’ problem-solving ability so that all participants achieved at least 80 percent proficiency.

Methodology: This study employed an action research design following the cyclical process proposed by Kemmis and McTaggart. The target group consisted of three Grade 8 students at Ban Nong Dern School. Research instruments included: (1) six lesson plans (a total of 12 hours) rated at the highest level of appropriateness ( = 4.94–4.95); (2) a six-item subjective mathematical problem-solving test with an item-objective congruence index (IOC) of 1.00 for all items; and (3) a four-item student interview form, also with an IOC of 1.00. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, and qualitative content analysis.

Results: The findings revealed a steady improvement in students’ mathematical problem-solving ability across all three action cycles. In the first cycle, 33.33% of students met the performance criterion ( = 14.33); in the second, 66.67% ( = 19.00); and in the third, 100% ( = 23.00). These results indicate that the KWDL learning approach, integrated with applications, effectively enhanced students’ problem-solving ability, meeting the established performance benchmark.

Conclusion: The KWDL learning model, combined with educational applications, encouraged systematic analytical thinking, enabling students to connect prior knowledge with new concepts and construct understanding independently. The use of Quizizz, GeoGebra, and Q&A in different learning stages promoted motivation, engagement, and interaction with mathematical content. Consequently, students demonstrated deeper conceptual understanding and greater efficiency in solving problems. The findings align with Constructivist learning theory, which emphasizes active knowledge construction through reflection, exploration, and reasoning.

A Study of Transition Preschool Entering to First Grade in Learning Provision of Early Mathematics for Young Children

2025-10-02T10:24:44+07:00

Background and Aims: Transition from preschool to first grade is a crucial step that requires importance and preparation for children are essential, especially when children are about to enter First Grade. Good preparation for starting school will help children develop better academically, both in their primary school years and in their future education. Mathematics instruction must therefore develop learners in all aspects, including knowledge, process skills, and attitudes. Teaching and learning should focus on hands-on learning activities that stimulate and promote learners' mathematical process skills. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM, 2000) states that the components of mathematics instruction must include a consistent curriculum that prioritizes inter-level connections. Learning and media must promote learning by building upon prior experiences and creating new knowledge. Assessment must be consistent with learning and appropriate, enabling both teachers and students to benefit. Teachers must understand what students need to know and support them in learning effectively.

Methodology: The samples were 83 preschool teachers and 93 first-grade teachers, a total of 176 teachers in the 2023 academic year in Bangkok, South Thonburi Group. The instruments used in the study were the questionnaire on the study of the transition between preschool and first grade in the provision of mathematics learning for young Children. Data were analyzed by percentages, means, and standard deviations.

Results: The results of the study found that the state of the transition between preschool and first grade in providing mathematics learning in terms of the curriculum found that the level of practice of the teachers in preschool and teachers in first grade is generally at a moderate level ( = 3.28 and 3.37, respectively). In terms of organizing learning experiences, it was found that the level of practice of teachers in preschool and teachers in first grade is generally at a moderate level ( = 3.49 and 3.35, respectively). In terms of learning media, it was found that the level of practice of teachers in the preschool and teachers in first grade is generally at a high level (\bar{x} = 3.82 and 3.55, respectively). In terms of measurement and evaluation, it was found that the level of practice of teachers in preschool and teachers in first grade is generally at a high level (\bar{x} = 3.69 and 3.57, respectively). In terms of the role of teachers, it was found that the level of practice of teachers in the preschool and teachers in first grade is generally at a moderate level (\bar{x} = 3.47 and 3.26, respectively).

Conclusion: Problems of the transition between preschool and first grade in organizing mathematics learning In terms of curriculum, the level of practice was low: teachers in preschool, revealed that (1) there should be a joint study and analysis of the curriculum between preschool teachers and first grade teachers; (2) it is necessary to develop a mathematics curriculum and learning content that align with children during the transition period from preschool to first grade. Teachers at first grade with low implementation levels should collaboratively study and analyze the curriculum of both levels with preschool teachers regarding the design of learning experiences. Preschool teachers and first-grade teachers with low implementation levels should participate in designing mathematics learning activities that consider the transition between preschool and first grade together. Regarding learning media, preschool teachers with low implementation levels should be involved in designing learning materials, knowledge sheets, and activity sheets that take into account the transition between preschool and first grade to foster a mutual understanding of collaboration between preschool teachers and first-grade teachers. First-grade teachers demonstrate neither low nor very low implementation levels, while there are low and very low implementation levels regarding assessment and evaluation at both preschool and first grade. In terms of the role of preschool teachers with low implementation levels, they should participate in meetings, consultations, and discussions concerning children's issues between teachers and parents to find solutions and collaboratively select methods for problem-solving. There is no low or very low implementation level at the first grade.

A Study of the Digital Citizenship Factors of Lower Secondary Students

2026-03-16T13:57:27+07:00

Background and Aims: In contemporary society, technology plays a significant role in the daily lives of people of all ages, particularly children and adolescents who use the Internet extensively. Consequently, the development of digital citizenship has become a critical priority for educational institutions to promote the appropriate, safe, and responsible use of technology among learners. However, despite the growing body of research, most studies have focused on upper secondary and higher education students, with limited attention to the factor structure of digital citizenship of lower secondary students. This study therefore aimed to examine the digital citizenship factors of lower secondary students.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 1,276 lower secondary students under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Chon Buri Rayong in the academic year 2024, selected using multistage sampling. The research instrument was a digital citizenship scale for lower secondary students, consisting of 58 items on a five-point Likert scale, with an overall reliability coefficient of .934. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to analyze the factors of digital citizenship using principal component analysis with oblique rotation by the Direct Oblimin method.

Results: The digital citizenship among lower secondary students consisted of five factors: (1) the emotional quotient and safety in digital use; (2) the digital knowledge and creative digital communication; (3) the commercial digital use; (4) the digital access; and (5) the digital law and etiquette. These five factors accounted for 61.360 percent of the total variance, with each factor having an eigenvalue greater than 1.00.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that digital citizenship among lower secondary students demonstrates an integrative structure, with emotional quotient and safety in digital use as the most influential factors. This highlights the critical role of students’ ability to regulate emotions and protect themselves in online environments. The results imply that instructional practices should move beyond technical competencies by integrating emotional, ethical, and safety dimensions alongside digital skills. Such an approach would better support students in using technology appropriately, safely, and responsibly within the digital society.

An Assessment of Teachers’ Work Engagement

2026-03-17T11:22:40+07:00

Background and Aims: Teachers' work engagement is a crucial factor affecting educational quality and student outcomes. However, systematic assessment of Thai teachers' work engagement remains limited, particularly in Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) schools, where teachers face increasing workloads after the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, existing measurement instruments developed in Western contexts and validated using Classical Test Theory (CTT) cannot decompose multiple sources of measurement error. This study aimed to 1) develop a teacher work engagement scale by applying Generalizability Theory (G-Theory), and 2) assess the level of teachers' work engagement.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 390 teachers in BMA schools, South Bangkok group (82.60% female, 65.40% bachelor's degree, 61.30% primary level, mean age 39.93 years, mean experience 11.90 years), selected through multi-stage sampling. The instrument was a 17-item scale based on Schaufeli and Bakker's (2003) framework with three components: vigor, dedication, and absorption, using a 5-point Likert scale. Content validity was verified by three experts in educational measurement, educational psychology, and educational administration. Data were analyzed using IOC, Cronbach's alpha, item discrimination, and G-coefficient analysis via EduG version 6.1 with a p × i (Person × Item) design.

Results: 1. The scale exhibited good quality with an IOC of 0.67-1.00, a discriminatory power of 0.31-0.85, and whole-test reliability of 0.94. G-Study analysis revealed person variance at 40.40%, item variance at 8.30%, and person-item interaction plus error variance at 51.30%, indicating that teachers responded differently to individual items, reflecting diverse perceptions of work engagement. D-Study found that fifteen items exhibited the optimal reliability for relative decisions (\widehat{p^{2}\delta} = 0.922) and absolute decisions (\widehat{\sigma ^{2}\Delta} = 0.910). 2. Teachers exhibited work engagement overall at a high level (M = 4.36, SD = 0.51). Dedication showed the highest mean at the highest level (M = 4.53, SD = 0.45), followed by vigor (M = 4.29, SD = 0.54) and absorption (M = 4.28, SD = 0.54).

Conclusion: The scale has satisfactory psychometric properties suitable for the Thai context. G-Theory provides superior evidence over CTT by identifying specific error sources. BMA can adopt this instrument as part of an organizational health dashboard to monitor teacher engagement, prevent burnout, and inform evidence-based human resource policies.

Guidelines for Developing Situational Leadership of School Administrators under the Office of Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area 1

2025-10-10T20:32:06+07:00

Background and Aims: Situational leadership is an essential skill for school administrators, enabling flexible decision-making, effective people management, and smooth organizational progress. It also fosters motivation, collaboration, and continuous improvement, key foundations of modern educational administration amid rapid change. This study aims to identify the components and indicators of situational leadership among school administrators, examine the current and desired states as well as the needs for developing situational leadership, and propose development guidelines for school administrators under the Office of Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area 1.

Methodology: The research was conducted in three phases: Phase 1 involved identifying the components and indicators of situational leadership through semi-structured interviews with five experts. Phase 2 examined the current and desired states and the needs for developing situational leadership among 310 participants, including school administrators and teachers. A five-point Likert-scale questionnaire was employed, with an overall reliability coefficient of 0.87. Data were analyzed using the mean and standard deviation. Phase 3 focused on developing and validating the proposed guidelines for enhancing situational leadership. Six experts participated in developing the guidelines, and nine experts evaluated them using semi-structured interviews and a guideline evaluation form.

Results: 1. The components and indicators of situational leadership among school administrators consisted of four dimensions: (1) Directive Behavior, (2) Participative Behavior, (3) Supportive Behavior, and (4) Delegative Behavior. 2. The overall current state of situational leadership was at a moderate level, while the desired state was at the highest level. The priority needs were ranked as follows: (1) Directive Behavior, (2) Supportive Behavior, (3) Delegative Behavior, and (4) Participative Behavior. 3. The proposed guidelines for developing situational leadership among school administrators under the Office of Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area 1 comprised 4 aspects and 15 development approaches. The assessment results of the suitability and feasibility of these guidelines indicated an overall rating at the highest level

Conclusion: The development guideline was presented as a handbook comprising the following components: principles, objectives, content, development process, and evaluation. The evaluation results indicated that the appropriateness and feasibility of the guideline were rated at the highest level.

Learning Facilitation on Thai Classical Music History for Enhancing Critical Thinking

2025-10-11T20:47:29+07:00

Background and Aims: The instructional practices in teaching Thai Classical Music History have traditionally emphasized rote memorization with limited student participation, resulting in low learner motivation and insufficient engagement with conceptual and practice-oriented historical knowledge. This study aimed to: 1) design an instructional process that fosters critical thinking in the context of Thai Classical Music History, and 2) analyze the outcomes of learning facilitation designed to enhance critical thinking in Thai Classical Music History. The target group comprised Grade 10 students in the Fine Arts Preparatory Program (Thai Classical Music group) at Chomsurang Upatham School.

Methodology: The study employed a qualitative research design with two participant groups: 1) seven Grade 10 students in the Fine Arts Preparatory Program (Thai Classical Music group), and 2) six key informants, including experienced educators in Thai history and Thai Classical Music History, as well as experts in Thai history. Data were collected through content analysis, expert interviews, and instructional design development. The learning process was designed based on research-informed frameworks, integrating insights from expert consultations. Data analysis employed inductive reasoning, with findings presented in descriptive form.

Results: The research revealed that 1) the instructional design comprised 14 lesson plans structured around the “Learning Curve” framework, grounded in experiential learning cycles. The content encompassed seven themes: critical thinking in Thai Classical Music History, Thai Classical Music and national identity, the influence of household, temple, and palace institutions on Thai Classical Music, Thai Classical Music and historical learning resources in Ayutthaya, historical repertoires of Thai Classical Music, the relationship between Thai and Southeast Asian music, and reflective learning practices. 2) The learning outcomes demonstrated that students were able to articulate connections between Thai Classical Music History, culture, and society; critically analyze issues influencing Thai Classical Music History; and express musical performance informed by an understanding of structural and dynamic features of compositions. Furthermore, students developed an appreciation for the historical significance of Thai Classical Music, engaged in cross-cultural comparisons with Southeast Asian music, adopted open-minded attitudes toward cultural change, and demonstrated reflective thinking in their own learning.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the instructional design for Thai Classical Music History, aimed at fostering critical thinking, effectively enhanced students’ knowledge, critical thinking skills, engagement in historical learning, and positive attitudes across all 14 lesson plans. The approach highlights the potential of integrating experiential and critical pedagogy into the education of Thai Classical Music History.

Comparative Study of Stress Levels in International Students After Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) Program

2025-08-03T14:46:51+07:00

Background and aim: International students often face considerable stress while adapting to new cultural and academic environments. This study aimed to compare the stress levels of international students before and after participating in an Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) program.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental research design using a one-group pretest-posttest method was conducted. The participants included 23 international students (18 males and 5 females) from the Faculty of Science and Sports Technology, Bangkok Thonburi University. Participants were selected based on predetermined criteria. Stress levels were measured using the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS-14), developed by Wang et al. (2011).

Results: The results of data analysis found that the average stress level before joining the program was 28.6 (SD = 0.512), while after joining the program, the stress level decreased to 20.4 (SD = 0.332), with a statistically significant difference at .05

Conclusion: The ACT program demonstrated effectiveness in significantly reducing stress among international students. These findings support the utilization of the ACT framework as a beneficial tool for promoting mental well-being and facilitating adaptation to new environments.

The Development of Learning Activities Using the SQ4R Teaching Method to Enhance English Reading Comprehension Ability of Grade 6 Students

2025-07-17T09:51:17+07:00

Background and Aims: Development of English Learning Activities Using the SQ4R Teaching Method to Enhance English Reading Comprehension Ability among Grade 6 Students Abstract Background and Aims: English learning activities using the SQ4R teaching method are beneficial to learners in promoting English reading comprehension ability because they are learner-centered learning activities that emphasize systematic reading. They are reading teaching methods that help learners understand reading effectively. The objectives of this research were 1) to study the efficiency of English learning activities using the SQ4R teaching method to promote English reading comprehension ability of Grade 6 students based on the 75/75 efficiency criteria, 2) to compare learning abilities before and after learning, and 3) to study students’ satisfaction with the English learning activities using the SQ4R teaching method to promote English reading comprehension ability of Grade 6 students.

Methodology: This research was an experimental study. The population and sample consisted of 22 Grade 6 students from Kok Muang School, under the Roi Et Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, Phon Thong District, Roi Et Province, selected by cluster random sampling. The research instruments used were 1) a learning management plan, 2) an English reading comprehension test, and 3) a satisfaction questionnaire on the English learning activities using the SQ4R teaching method. The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test (Independent Sample) for hypothesis testing.

Results: 1) The efficiency of the English learning activities using the SQ4R teaching method to promote English reading comprehension ability of Grade 6 students was 79.16/78.18. 2) The average post-test scores of English reading comprehension ability were significantly higher than the pre-test scores at the .01 level of statistical significance. 3) The students’ satisfaction with the English learning activities using the SQ4R teaching method to promote English reading comprehension ability of Grade 6 students was at a high level overall (X̄ = 4.50, SD = 0.52).

Conclusion: The English learning activities using the SQ4R teaching method to promote the English reading comprehension ability of Grade 6 students were 79.16/78.18 efficient. The English reading comprehension ability after learning with the SQ4R teaching method was significantly higher than before learning at the .01 level of statistical significance. It can be concluded that the SQ4R teaching method effectively promotes English reading comprehension ability and can be applied to enhance continuous learning and knowledge development further.

The Factors Affecting Servant Leadership of School Administrators under Chonburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

2025-10-02T22:16:35+07:00

Background and Aims: The 21st-century transformations in technology, economy, and society have made human resource development a critical issue for Thailand, particularly in education, where quality remains inconsistent with expected standards. Reports on Thai children and youth situations reflect ongoing weaknesses in fundamental skills and unequal management of educational resources. To address these challenges, strengthening servant leadership among school administrators has become a crucial approach for enhancing educational quality. This concept promotes trust and collaboration within organizations, benefiting both teachers and students in terms of satisfaction, relationships, skill development, and learning engagement. This study aimed to: 1) examine the level of servant leadership among school administrators under Chonburi primary educational service area office 3; 2) investigate factors affecting servant leadership of school administrators; 3) determine the relationship between personality factors, organizational climate factors, achievement motivation factors, and servant leadership; and 4) develop predictive equations for factors affecting servant leadership.

Methodology: The sample used in this study consists of 334 teachers from the Chonburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 for the academic year 2025. The sample was determined using the Taro Yamane formula and was selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument is a newly developed questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale, which was validated for content validity by experts and has a reliability coefficient of 0.968. The statistical methods used for data analysis include mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: The components of servant leadership among school administrators were at a high level, both overall and in individual dimensions. 2) Factors affecting servant leadership of school administrators were at a high level, both comprehensively and individually. 3) Personality factors, organizational climate factors, and achievement motivation factors showed strong positive correlations with servant leadership among school administrators. 4) The best predictive factors for servant leadership were: organizational climate, achievement motivation, and personality traits, which collectively predicted servant leadership with 75.2% accuracy at a statistically significant level (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Personality factors, organizational climate, and achievement motivation significantly affect servant leadership among school administrators under the Office of Chonburi Primary Educational Service Area 3. The findings guide improving school administration to align with national policies and effectively accommodate contemporary changes.

New Science Education: Analyzing Lessons for National-Level Transformation

2025-07-13T09:50:16+07:00

Background and Aims: Science education in the 21^st century faces challenges from rapid technological, social, and economic transformations. This article analyzes global approaches to science education and proposes a conceptual framework for reform in Thailand by studying experiences from countries achieving outstanding results in PISA and TIMSS assessments, including Singapore, Finland, and East Asian nations.

Methodology: This study employs comparative analysis through examination of international research and policy reports from 2018-2024, analyzing experiences from Singapore (ranked 1st globally), Finland (experiencing continuous decline), and ASEAN countries, and synthesizing appropriate approaches for the Thai context.

Results: Sustainable transformation requires multi-dimensional integration consisting of: 1) curriculum reform emphasizing inquiry-based learning with structured frameworks, 2) continuous teacher development focused on pedagogical content knowledge, 3) appropriate technology integration including AI-enhanced virtual reality environments, and 4) assessment system improvement focusing on thinking processes rather than content memorization. PISA 2022 results show Singapore achieved the highest scores globally (Science: 561, Mathematics: 575, Reading: 543), while Finland experienced continuous decline across all subjects, with mathematics scores dropping 79 points from 2003-2022, and Thailand's scores decreased by 4.36%, indicating an urgent need for systematic reform.

Conclusion: This research proposes systematic policy recommendations for developing Thailand's science education to align with international standards while maintaining local contexts. Reform should focus on developing an integrated curriculum incorporating 21st-century skills (4Cs: Critical thinking, Creativity, Communication, and Collaboration) through three frameworks: 1) Local Environmental Science Curriculum, 2) Thai Food Science and Technology Curriculum, and 3) STEAM-based Community Problem-Solving approach. Key policy recommendations include establishing teacher development centers, creating technology-enhanced learning environments, and developing assessment systems measuring scientific thinking processes rather than factual recall.

Effects of Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) with Mind Mapping on English Reading and Writing Abilities of Grade 4 Students

2025-09-27T13:19:41+07:00

Background and Aim: The Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) is a learning model that uses images consistent with the learning content as the teaching media. This model focuses on developing students' reading and writing abilities, and thinking processes being applied to language communication. The objectives of this study were:1) to compare English Reading and Writing Abilities before and after learning by the Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) with Mind Mapping, 2) to compare English Reading and Writing abilities after learning by the Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) with Mind Mapping, with a 70 percent criterion.

Methodology: The sample of this research was 20 primary 4 students in the first semester of the academic year in 2024 at Ban Yang Wai School, Khon Sawan District, Chaiyaphum Province, who were selected by Purposive Random Sampling. The research tools were 4 Picture Word Inductive Model with Mind Mapping lesson plans, totaling 12 hours. The instruments used for data collection were the English Reading and Writing Abilities tests. Data were analyzed by finding percentages, means, standard deviations, and t-tests.

Results: 1) The English Reading and Writing Abilities of grade 4 students after learning by Picture Word Inductive Model with Mind Mapping were significantly higher than before learning at the .05 level. 2) The English Reading and Writing Abilities of grade 4 students after learning by the Picture Word Inductive Model with Mind Mapping were significantly higher than the 70 percent criterion at the .05 level.

Conclusion: The study's results indicate that the Picture Word Inductive Model with Mind Mapping promotes students' English Reading and Writing Abilities by encouraging students to connect prior knowledge with new knowledge. Moreover, students can summarize and understand the learning content more effectively.

The Influence of Employee Silence on Innovation Performance

2025-10-05T20:04:57+07:00

Background and Aims: Innovation performance is a strategic capability that determines organizational competitiveness from the perspective of the Resource-Based View (RBV) and knowledge management theory. Employee silence, defined as the intentional withholding of opinions or suggestions, undermines this capability by restricting information flow and reducing individual creativity.

Methodology: This study investigates the mechanisms linking employee silence and innovation performance, focusing on the mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating effect of self-efficacy. Data were collected from 419 employees across various Chinese industries, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the hypotheses.

Results: The results reveal three key findings: (1) employee silence significantly reduces innovation performance directly; (2) psychological safety partially mediates this relationship, showing that silence indirectly inhibits innovation by lowering employees’ confidence in voicing ideas; and (3) self-efficacy negatively moderates the effect of psychological safety on innovation performance, such that high self-efficacy weakens the positive influence of psychological safety.

Conclusion: The study contributes theoretically by enriching organizational behavior research with a psychological mechanism and boundary condition model, and practically by providing insights for managers to foster open communication, strengthen psychological safety, and enhance employee self-efficacy. These findings extend existing literature on employee voice and innovation performance and offer actionable strategies for building supportive and innovative organizational environments.

Audience Behavior and Satisfaction Towards TV News Talk Show “Hone Krasae”

2025-10-24T11:47:55+07:00

Background and Aims: In the present, digital communication plays an important role in public communication and new media, serving as a public platform that allows individuals and various parties to clarify facts on social issues. One prominent example is the television program “Hone Krasae”, which is broadcast both on-air and on online platforms such as YouTube and Facebook. This multi-platform presence enables the program to reach a large audience quickly and gain widespread popularity across different channels. Moreover, the program serves as a medium that reflects various social problems, such as inequality and injustice, which further contribute to its growing popularity. Due to its significance and influence, “Hone Krasae” has become an interesting case for studying audience exposure behaviors and viewer satisfaction. Therefore, the researcher is particularly interested in conducting a study on this program. The objective of this research is to: (1) To study the demographic characteristics of the audience of the talk show “Hone Krasae”; (2) To examine the viewing behavior of the audience of the talk show “Hone Krasae”; (3) To investigate the audience’s satisfaction with the talk show “Hone Krasae.”

Methodology: This research employed a mixed-methods approach. The quantitative research was conducted through a survey using questionnaires administered to 421 viewers of the “Hone Krasae” talk show, both on television and online platforms. The qualitative research was carried out through in-depth interviews with three groups of key informants, namely: (1) content regulators, (2) producers of the “Hone Krasae” program, and (3) media scholars. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, specifically percentage and mean values.

Results: The research found that: (1) Demographic characteristics: Most of the audience were male (64.37%), followed by female (32.54%) and other genders (3.09%). Most viewers were aged 26–35 years (39.90%), held a bachelor’s degree (54.63%), and worked as private-sector employees (38.48%). (2) Viewing behavior: The average score for viewing behavior was high (\bar{x} = 4.15, S.D. = 0.56), indicating that viewers consistently follow the program and pay close attention to content related to current social issues. (3) Audience satisfaction: Overall satisfaction was high, with the highest satisfaction reported for the hosts (\bar{x} = 4.45, S.D. = 0.67) due to their confidence, direct questioning, and credibility in presenting the program.

Conclusion: Most audiences of “Hone Krasae” were male, aged 26–35 years old, held a bachelor’s degree, and worked in the private sector. Their viewing behavior was generally high, reflecting regular engagement and attention to socially relevant content. Overall satisfaction was also high, particularly regarding the hosts, who were noted for their confidence, direct questioning, and credibility in delivering the program.

Development of a Specific Training Program to Improve Physical Fitness and Performance of Pickleball Athletes in Guangzhou Sports Polytechnic University

2025-10-16T15:58:49+07:00

Background and Aim: Although pickleball has rapidly gained popularity among Chinese university students, a significant issue remains the mismatch between current training methods and the sport's specific demands. At present, training still relies heavily on traditional approaches such as long-distance running or static strength exercises, which do not effectively target the development of agility, balance, reaction speed, and core strength that are essential for pickleball. As a result, despite students’ high levels of interest, their skill progression remains slow. The main objective of this research was to develop a specific training program to improve the physical fitness and pickleball performance of athletes at Guangzhou Sports Polytechnic University.

Methodology: This research employed a mixed-method design to develop a specific training program to improve the physical fitness and pickleball performance of athletes. The population was 120 male pickleball athletes and 10 pickleball coaches on a pickleball team. The population was surveyed using questionnaires. The sample for the experiment was 30 athletes from the athletes’ population using the purposive sampling method. All athletes were divided into two groups: an experimental group of 15 participants and a control group of 15 participants, using a systematic method. The experiment would last for a total of 8 weeks, 3 days a week, 1.5 hours a day. Research instruments included an in-depth interview with experts (IOC=0.90), a focus group outline, and the connoisseurship outline. For data analysis, independent sample t-tests were conducted to examine the difference between the experimental and control groups, while repeated measures ANOVA was employed to compare within-group differences across testing phases. Qualitative data from interviews, focus groups, and connoisseurship were analyzed through content analysis.

Results: 1) The experts confirmed that the training program is scientifically structured, practically feasible, and comprehensive, covering physical fitness, technical and tactical training, monitoring, recovery, and injury prevention. 2) The experimental group demonstrated highly significant superiority over the control group in all pickleball performance and physical fitness metrics post-intervention (p<.05). 3) Repeated measures ANOVA confirmed statistically significant overall improvements in all pickleball performance and physical fitness during the training period (p<.05).

Conclusion: The research results confirm that the structured, phased training program was effective in enhancing both technical-tactical performance and physical conditioning over the eight weeks. Therefore, it can be concluded that the experimental results are in accordance with the research hypothesis, with a significant difference at the 0.05 level.

Development of Cooperative Learning Activities to Promote Tibetan Dance Ability for Students in Guangdong Huashang Technical School

2025-07-26T20:07:31+07:00

Background and Aims: Traditional Tibetan dance instruction at Guangdong Huashang Technical School has relied heavily on teacher-centered methods, limiting student engagement and creativity. To address this gap, cooperative learning was introduced as an interactive approach to enhance student participation, teamwork, and skill development in vocational dance education. This study aimed to (1) develop cooperative learning activities to promote Tibetan dance ability; (2) compare students’ dance ability before and after the intervention; and (3) examine students’ satisfaction with the developed cooperative learning activities.

Methodology: A one-group pretest–posttest experimental design was employed with 30 second-year Early Childhood Education students at Guangdong Huashang Technical School, selected through cluster random sampling. Instruments included four expert-validated lesson plans, a Tibetan dance ability assessment rubric, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and paired-sample t-test.

Results: The cooperative learning lesson plans were rated as highly appropriate (M = 4.52, S.D. = 0.58). Students’ post-test scores (M = 78.13) were significantly higher than their pre-test scores (M = 70.40) at the 0.05 level (t = 2.34, p < 0.05). Student satisfaction with the learning activities was high (M = 4.63, S.D. = 0.10), indicating positive perceptions of engagement, motivation, and learning efficiency.

Conclusion: Cooperative learning effectively improved students’ Tibetan dance ability and overall satisfaction, demonstrating its potential as a student-centered pedagogical strategy in vocational dance programs. The findings support the broader application of cooperative learning in performing arts education to enhance both skill mastery and collaborative learning experiences.

Developing Learning Activities with the 5 Steps Learning Process to Promote Learning Achievement in Suzhou No.12 Primary School

2025-08-10T08:14:45+07:00

Background and Aims: Primary science education in China faces persistent challenges such as limited hands-on experimentation, weak understanding of scientific methods, and underdeveloped analytical and problem-solving skills. To address these issues, this study applies the 5-Step Learning Process—a constructivist, student-centered model emphasizing active engagement and collaboration—to improve science learning outcomes among primary students. The research aimed to (1) develop learning activities based on the 5-Step Learning Process with an efficiency criterion of 75/75; (2) compare students’ learning achievement before and after the intervention; and (3) examine student satisfaction with the developed learning activities

Methodology: A one-group pretest–posttest experimental design was employed with 30 third-grade students from Suzhou No. 12 Primary School during the first semester of 2023. Instruments included lesson plans, a learning achievement test, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviations, and paired t-tests.

Results: The learning activities achieved an efficiency level of 76.67/76.83, exceeding the 75/75 criterion. Students’ post-test scores were significantly higher than their pre-test scores (t = 41.38, p < 0.05). Overall satisfaction with the 5-Step Learning Process was high (x̄ = 4.47, S.D. = 0.53), with students particularly noting improvements in learning efficiency and interest in science.

Conclusion: The 5-Step Learning Process effectively enhances science learning achievement and fosters positive attitudes toward learning among primary students. It is recommended for broader implementation in primary education, with potential adaptation to other subject areas and integration with digital learning tools.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior of Synthetic Diamonds in Shanghai through Product Differentiation

2025-09-09T13:53:43+07:00

Background and Aim: The global market for lab-grown diamonds (LGDs) is expanding, yet the drivers of consumer acceptance in key markets like China remain underexplored. This study investigates the factors influencing Shanghai consumers' purchasing behavior, with a specific focus on the mediating role of product differentiation.

Materials and Methods: Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Social Value theory, a conceptual model was developed. Data were collected via an online questionnaire from 561 consumers in Shanghai who had purchased LGDs. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized relationships and mediation effects.

Results: The results confirm that Perceived Ease of Use (β=0.28, p<0.001), Perceived Usefulness (β=0.31, p<0.001), and Social Value (β=0.40, p<0.001) significantly influence Purchase Behavior. Crucially, Product Differentiation was found to partially mediate these relationships, with a significant indirect effect (β=0.12, p<0.01). Demographic analysis revealed that higher education levels correlated with lower perceived usefulness, suggesting a more critical consumer segment.

Conclusion: This study empirically validates a TAM-based model enhanced with social value, demonstrating that product differentiation is a pivotal mechanism through which cognitive and social perceptions translate into purchase behavior. The findings offer actionable insights for LGD marketers in Shanghai, emphasizing the need for targeted communication that highlights ethical, environmental, and innovative product differentiators to appeal to a diverse consumer base.

A Study on Risk Management for Academic Affairs in a Small School under the Office of Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area 2: Multi-Case Study in Excellence School of IQA Award

2025-08-15T18:07:51+07:00

Background and Aims: Academic affairs is the core of school administration. Risk management of academic work in schools is therefore important, especially in small primary schools, where certain high-risk opportunities and factors pose risks. This research aims to study the guidelines for risk management of academic work in small primary schools under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 2.

Methodology: This research is a multi-case study. The researcher selected the study area using a specific method, considering 2 schools that received the IQA AWARD Excellent, small school category, in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The tools used to collect data were semi-structured interviews, observation records, document completeness check forms, and consistency assessment forms. The main informants were school administrators and teachers in the schools. Data were analyzed by content analysis according to the research conceptual framework.

Results: It was found that small primary schools have an academic risk management approach according to the 4-step risk management process as follows: (1) Risk identification, consisting of 1) teacher meetings, 2) creating professional learning communities, 3) classroom supervision, and 4) organizational environment analysis. (2) Risk assessment, consisting of 1) assessing the likelihood of risk occurrence, and 2) assessing the impact of risks. It was found that the area with the highest risk and impact is the development of the learning process. (3) Risk management is carried out as follows: 1) Create an understanding for teachers of the importance of learning management plans. 2) Emphasize that all personnel participate in the preparation, improvement, and development of the school curriculum. 3) Encourage teachers to regularly train and develop themselves. 4) Encourage teachers to improve their media production and use of technology in learning management. 5) Create an understanding for teachers of the measurement and evaluation regulations of the school. (4) Risk monitoring and evaluation are used to track progress during and after risk management.

Conclusion: A study of academic risk management guidelines in small primary schools under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 found that the schools did not have a direct academic risk management plan. Instead, the implementation of various projects and activities was routinely undertaken by the schools as part of their educational quality assurance system. Consequently, these guidelines were implemented consistently and continuously. This aligns with the academic risk management process, resulting in systematic and efficient academic administration, enabling students, teachers, administrators, and schools to achieve the quality and educational standards set by the schools.

Development Guidelines for Managing Learning Resources to Improve Student Quality in Small-Sized Schools

2025-08-08T12:19:34+07:00

Background and Aims: Learning resources play a crucial role in the educational process, serving as an intellectual treasure trove that offers endless learning opportunities. They support the development of effective information-seeking skills and enhance the thinking process. This research aimed to:1) study the current conditions and 2) develop guidelines for learning resource management to enhance student quality in small-sized schools.

Methodology: The research was conducted in two phases: Phase 1 involved studying the current conditions through a specially designed assessment tool. The tool was validated for content accuracy (IOC = 0.80–1.00) and showed a reliability coefficient of 0.94. Data were analyzed using basic statistics: frequency, percentage, mean (\bar{x}), and standard deviation (S.D.). Phase 2 focused on identifying development guidelines using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed through content analysis based on the research objectives.

Results: The findings were as follows: 1) The overall condition of learning resource management in small-sized schools was at a high level (\bar{x}= 3.90, S.D. = 0.86). When considering each aspect, the highest average was found in equitable distribution of learning resources to all students (\bar{x} = 4.17, S.D. = 0.78), followed by availability of learning resources in schools (\bar{x} = 3.92, S.D. = 0.84), collaboration with communities or external agencies (\bar{x} = 3.77, S.D. = 0.87), and Budget-related issues affecting resource acquisition (\bar{x} = 3.75, S.D. = 0.89). 2) The proposed development guidelines for managing learning resources in small-sized schools comprised four key areas: 1) Enhancing the quality and diversity of in-school learning resources, 2) Effective allocation and utilization of budget for resource management, 3) Strengthening collaboration with communities and external organizations, and 4) Ensuring equitable access to learning resources for all students.

Conclusion: The overall management of learning resources in small schools was found to be at a high level, with the highest emphasis on equitable distribution to all students. Four key development areas were identified: internal school resources, budgetary factors, collaboration with external agencies, and fair allocation of resources. These aspects collectively contribute to the systematic improvement of student quality.

Effectiveness of an ACT-Based Program on Psychological Well-being Among Volunteers from Various Occupations

2025-10-22T14:19:51+07:00

Background and Aims: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) mental well-being program in a group of volunteers from various occupations. The conceptual framework incorporates the ACT components of acceptance, defusion, being present, self as context, values, and committed action. These activities were designed to enhance mental well-being across six dimensions: autonomy, adaptability, personal growth, positive relationships with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance.

Methodology: This study utilized a quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 15 volunteers from various occupations. The research instruments consisted of 1) Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (RSPWB) and 2) an ACT-based mental well-being program, which included eight activities.

Results: This study analyzed the results using a Paired Samples t-test. The findings revealed that the volunteers’ psychological well-being scores after participating in the program were significantly higher in all dimensions than before participation (p < .05). Using the Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) concept, it was demonstrated that a program developed from the six ACT concepts—acceptance, defusion, being present, self as context, value and committed action—effectively promotes mental well-being and improves mental health.

Conclusion: The Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) mental well-being enhancement program contributes to the comprehensive development of individual mental well-being across various dimensions. The program proved to be effective and showed great potential for application in promoting psychological well-being among diverse target groups.

Communication Strategy for Beauty Queen Image: Case Study of Miss Universe Thailand

2025-10-17T09:26:28+07:00

Background and Aims: Image is an important aspect of beauty queens that is used to create beneficial role models for society and to inspire further development in the beauty queen context. This research study aims to study media strategies to create beauty queen images and to study message strategies to create beauty queen images. Methods of data analysis, theoretical frameworks used to create good social models, and communication strategies

Methodology: The sample group in this research consisted of 4 people who won the Miss Universe Thailand contest and 1 person who was responsible for in charge of the image of the beauty queens. Data analysis was conducted using in-depth interview tools and data analysis from media channels that presented media and messages related to the beauty queens who were the target group in this research by conducting content analysis.

Results: The research found that the “identity” of beauty queens is an important factor in image creation, as media presentations are currently uncontrollable and require explanation and understanding. The strategy for creating a suitable image for beauty queens involves presenting a positive identity and countering negative messages with facts, while trying to maintain the beauty queen's presence in the media.

Conclusion: The key guidelines for creating a positive image for beauty queens are the message and the communicator's positioning. During normal times, the image can be presented through personal identity, but during times of crisis, emphasis should be placed on creating a campaign message that is tangible and presented consistently to ensure a positive image is remembered in the media.

Online Marketing Mix and Customer Relationship Management Affecting Electronic Word-of-Mouth in the Used Car Business: A Case Study of Hat Yai District, Songkhla

2025-09-13T10:31:20+07:00

Background and Aims: The used-car dealership business in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province, has become increasingly competitive as more entrepreneurs enter the market. These businesses rely on electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) to reach new target groups, raise brand awareness, and attract potential customers. The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine the influence of online marketing mix factors on electronic word-of-mouth, (2) to investigate the effects of customer relationship management (CRM) on electronic word-of-mouth, and (3) to compare electronic word-of-mouth behaviors across different demographic characteristics.

Methodology: The study employed purposive sampling with a sample size of 400 respondents. A questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. Statistical analyses included frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, multiple regression analysis, t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: Online marketing mix factors accounted for 56.3% of the variance in electronic word-of-mouth. Statistically significant predictors included personalized service (β = 0.472), marketing promotion (β = 0.318), distribution channel (β = 0.235), and product (β = 0.142). Customer relationship management explained 46.50% of the variance in electronic word-of-mouth, with communication management (β = 0.419) emerging as a significant predictor. Furthermore, customers’ electronic word-of-mouth behavior differed significantly (p < 0.05) across demographic factors, including age, education level, marital status, occupation, income, and place of residence.

Conclusion: Online marketing mix factors exert a stronger influence on electronic word-of-mouth than customer relationship management. Additionally, customers with different demographic profiles—such as age, education, marital status, occupation, income, and residence—exhibited significantly different eWOM behaviors.

Waste management of Kosum Phisai Subdistrict Municipality, Kosum Phisai District, Maha Sarakham Province

2025-10-16T15:22:04+07:00

Background and Aims: Waste management remains a persistent issue that the government continually addresses. Most people do not have all kinds of garbage sorted out and waste discharged. Most of the people who cause waste are still consumed by the bushes to import waste to households. Lack of environmental consciousness, irresponsibility, and discipline in maintaining cleanliness. No importance is seen in reducing and separating community waste for use and disposal (1), to study the waste management level of Kosum Phisai Subdistrict Municipality, Mahasarakham Province (2), to compare the waste management of Kosum Phisai Subdistrict Municipality, Kosum Phisai District, categorized by gender, age, and education. Occupation and duration of living in the district (3) to study suggestions on the development of waste management of Kosumipikosumphisai Subdistrict Municipality, Maha Sarakham Province.

Methodology: Using quantitative research, the sample group is 380 eligible citizens in Kosum Phisai Subdistrict, Kosum Phisai District, Maha Sarakham Province. Using Taro Yamane's formula, proportional and simple randomization. Research tools include questionnaires, confidence values, .757, and statistics used in data analysis include percentage, average, frequency, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA.

Results: The research found that the level of waste disposal according to the 3R principle of Kosum Phisai Subdistrict Municipality was "very high" with a total average of 4.04 (5). D. = 0.71), when classified on a one-sided basis, found that reuse (Recycle) had the highest average (C = 4.14), followed by reduction (Reduce) (\bar{x} = 4.01) and reuse (\bar{x} = 3.96). It shows that people have the strongest sorting and recycling behavior, but reuse still needs to be further promoted. Comparative results show that gender, age, and duration of residence in the municipality have no statistically significant difference (Sig. > 0.05). Meanwhile, education, occupation, and income levels vary in some areas of waste management, especially those with higher education levels, and stable careers tend to have better waste management practices.

Conclusion: The waste management of Kosum Phisai Subdistrict Municipality is strong and very high, especially in the area of recycling, which has received the highest level of cooperation from the people. However, reduce and Reuse must be promoted to balance all three areas. Development guidelines may focus on integrating public policy, motivation, and participation of all sectors, such as households, schools, temples, and markets, to ensure the longer-term sustainability of waste management systems. The concept of sustainable development emphasizes integration between the environment, economy, and society (United Nations Environment Program, 2016).

The Effect of the Training Philosophy of the Dance Course Based on Competency-Based Education to Enhance Dance Creative Thinking Ability for Third-Year Students

2025-08-21T17:07:40+07:00

Background and Aim: This research focuses on the effect of the training philosophy of the dance course based on competency-based education (TPDC-CBE) to enhance dance creative thinking ability for third-year students of the dance major. The study had two objectives: to compare changes in creative thinking ability before and after implementing TPDC-CBE, and to assess students’ satisfaction against a 70% benchmark.”

Methodology: The sample was 30 third-year dance students in the dance major at Langfang Normal University. The research instruments were: TPDC-CBE lesson plans, observation form for dance creative thinking ability, and students' satisfaction questionnaire toward the developed course. Data were collected and analyzed through mean, standard deviation, t-test for dependent samples, and t-test for one sample.

Results: The post-test scores for dance creative thinking ability (M = 73.67, SD = 6.74) were significantly higher than the pre-test scores, t(29) = 11.98, p < .01. Additionally, the post-test scores exceeded the criterion value of 70%, t(29) = 8.66, p < .01. The students’ satisfaction scores (M = 4.93, SD = 0.21) were also significantly higher than the criterion value of 70%, t(29) = 37.62, p < .01.

Conclusion: The TPDC-CBE program had a significant impact on enhancing the dance creative thinking ability of third-year students, who also reported a high level of satisfaction with their learning experience. This study offers a course model for dance education and holds broad implications for extending the application of competence-based education across disciplines.

Factors Affecting the Exercise Behavior of International Graduate Students in the Faculty of Sports Science and Technology at Bangkokthonburi University

2025-10-29T15:53:08+07:00

Background and Aims: This study aimed to examine the factors influencing exercise behavior among international graduate students at the Faculty of Sports Science and Technology, Bangkok Thonburi University.

Methodology: This qualitative research investigated factors affecting exercise behavior among 120 international graduate students, selected proportionally from a population of 176 students. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentages, means, and standard deviation. The results revealed that personal factors, social–environmental factors, and exercise behaviors were all at a high level and significantly correlated at the .05 level.

Results: The findings indicated that international graduate students at the Faculty of Sports Science and Technology, Bangkok Thonburi University, demonstrated high levels of exercise behavior and related factors (\bar{x}= 3.80, SD = 0.75). Among these, personal factors had the highest mean score, followed by exercise behavior and social–environmental factors. The relationships among variables were low but statistically significant (p < .05).

Conclusion: The study highlights that knowledge, motivation, environment, and social support collectively play significant roles in promoting exercise behavior among university students.

Development of Key Components of an Innovative Learning Organization

2025-10-02T09:46:20+07:00

Background and Aims: This academic article aims to explore and synthesize the potential of teachers and administrators for developing educational institutions into innovative educational organizations. This paper examines the key components of innovative organizations and the innovative teachers should possess in terms of ideas, personal characteristics, practical skills, and vision.

Methodology: Emphasizes the need to develop teachers' digital competencies, create an organizational culture conducive to innovation, and establish collaborative networks to enable educational institutions to produce innovative products.

Results: Practical guidelines and strategies for administrators and agencies involved in educational research to develop personnel and educational institution management towards sustainable educational innovation organizations.

Conclusion: Establishing clear and comprehensive policies, providing adequate and comprehensive resource support, and promoting collaboration and networking. Conclusion: Developing innovative leaders in educational institutions that are conducive to innovation, managing information and technology, and promoting teamwork and learning communities.

Artificial Intelligence Management Innovation for Elderly Services in Thailand

2025-10-02T09:36:24+07:00

Background and Aims: This academic article utilizes a literature survey or data synthesis, not empirical research. This academic article aims to study innovative AI-based health care services for the elderly in Thailand. This approach addresses the transition to a fully aging society, which poses health, economic, and social challenges.

Methodology: Exploring AI innovations related to benefits for the elderly and collecting data.

Results: The study found that AI plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life of the elderly, including fall detection and prevention, health monitoring through smart devices and smart homes, reducing loneliness and isolation through social robots and digital platforms, and facilitating financial transactions.

Conclusion: Key factors in design and implementation, in addition to technological, emotional, and social dimensions, should emphasize policy and management in the Thai context, which is the essence of "innovation".

A Comparative Study of Chinese Idiomatic Expressions Containing the Word “不” with Thai Idiomatic Expressions Containing the Word “Mai”

2025-10-27T11:18:37+07:00

Background and Aims: Negation is a universal linguistic mechanism, yet its use in idiomatic expressions often reveals culture-specific conceptualizations. This study aims to compare Chinese idioms containing “不” (bù) and Thai idioms containing “ไม่” (mai) by examining their structural functions, semantic prosodies, and cultural meanings. A total of 100 idioms (50 Chinese and 50 Thai) were purposively selected based on explicit criteria, including lexical presence of 不 or ไม่, idiomatic fixedness, and identifiable cultural significance.

Methodology: A qualitative analytical approach was employed. The idioms were collected from Chinese and Thai dictionaries, literary sources, and linguistic reference materials. All idioms were analyzed and compared in terms of semantic orientation, structural characteristics, and cultural context. A linguistic–cultural comparison framework was used to identify similarities and differences between idioms containing 不 and ไม่, supported by descriptive categorization.

Results: The findings reveal that Chinese idioms containing 不 frequently convey positive meanings, due to the lexicalization of 不 in fixed expressions, whereas Thai idioms containing ไม่ or their Chinese equivalents tend to express negative or cautionary meanings. (1) idioms in which both languages use explicit negators (不 and ไม่), (2) idioms in which Chinese uses 不 while Thai uses other lexical strategies, and (3) idioms in which Thai uses ไม่ while Chinese uses a non-negating form. Additionally, Chinese idioms containing 不 reflect key cultural values such as diligence, moral conduct, Confucian principles, filial piety, and traditional ways of life.

Conclusion: Although Chinese and Thai idioms containing the negative markers 不 and ไม่ share certain grammatical similarities, their idiomatic use reflects distinct cultural models and cognitive orientations. The study contributes to cross-linguistic understanding and offers practical insights for teaching Chinese as a foreign language, as well as for comparative linguistic and cultural studies between Chinese and Thai.

The Influence of Digital Marketing Strategies on the Purchase Intention of Networking Products of TP-Link Enterprise (Thailand) Co., Ltd.

2025-10-02T22:21:25+07:00

Background and Aims: In the present era, digital marketing strategies play a crucial role in driving product and service sales. These strategies significantly influence consumer behavior, requiring producers and sellers to design digital marketing approaches that align with consumer needs. The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine the purchase intention of consumers toward products of TP-Link Enterprise (Thailand) Co., Ltd.; (2) to investigate digital marketing strategies that affect consumers’ purchase intention of TP-Link products; and (3) to compare consumers’ purchase intention toward TP-Link products classified by demographic factors.

Methodology: This research employed a quantitative approach with a sample of 400 respondents, selected through convenience sampling from individuals interested in electronic devices and components residing in 14 southern provinces of Thailand. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Statistical analyses included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, multiple regression analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA.

Results: The findings revealed that: (1) Consumers’ overall purchase intention toward TP-Link products was at the highest level. (2) Digital marketing strategies accounted for 59.9% of the variance in consumers’ purchase intention. Four digital marketing dimensions significantly influenced purchase intention at the 0.01 level of significance, namely: online content marketing, website marketing, social media marketing, and search engine marketing. (3) Consumers with different demographic characteristics (age, education level, occupation, income, and residence) demonstrated significantly different levels of purchase intention at the 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels.

Conclusion: Consumers exhibited a high level of purchase intention toward TP-Link products because they tend to plan their purchases carefully, whether through applications or physical stores, based on confidence in product quality and affordable pricing. Business operators should employ digital marketing strategies tailored to consumers’ occupations, as occupation influences income, which in turn affects purchase intention. Emphasis should be placed on online content marketing via websites, social media, and search engines to effectively stimulate consumers’ purchasing decisions toward TP-Link products.

Causal Model of Community Entrepreneurship Strategies Affecting the Sustainability of Community Businesses in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

2025-11-02T09:58:09+07:00

Background and Aims: Community businesses are an important mechanism of the grassroots economy, helping to generate income, distribute opportunities, and expand cultural capital according to the Community Enterprise Promotion Act of 2005. However, they face problems of discontinuity and low innovation capacity. This research aims to analyze the causal model of strategies that affect sustainability.

Methodology: This is a quantitative research. Data were collected using questionnaires from 300 community entrepreneurs using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, structural analysis using CFA, and relationship testing using SEM.

Results: Respondents expressed their opinions on all strategic dimensions at the "very high" level. Domain Redefinition had the highest mean, followed by Strategic Renewal and Sustained Regeneration. Organizational Rehabilitation and Business Model Creation were also highly valued. The sustainability of community businesses reached its highest average level. The SEM model was consistent with empirical data. The variables with the highest positive influence on sustainability were Business Model Reconstruction (β = 0.54), Domain Redefinition (β = 0.26), Sustained Regeneration (β = 0.24), Strategic Renewal (β = 0.20), and Strategic Transformation (β = 0.13). The results of the structural equation model (SEM) analysis revealed that the causal model of community entrepreneurial strategies affecting the sustainability of community businesses was consistent with the empirical data at a good level (χ²/df = 1.883, CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.958, RMSEA = 0.046, SRMR = 0.041).

Conclusion: The sustainability of community businesses, which encompasses economic, social, and environmental dimensions, is driven by the design of new business models, along with market expansion/definition and continuous product innovation to strengthen the resilience of community businesses for stable and sustainable growth.

Development of the Online Learning Model Using Problem-based Learning with Gamification Technique and Scaffolding to Promote Problem-solving Thinking for Undergraduate Students

2025-11-09T11:21:39+07:00

Background and Aims: This research aimed to: (1) study the problems and needs in teaching and learning management that promote problem-solving thinking among undergraduate students; (2) develop an online learning model based on problem-based learning (PBL) integrated with gamification techniques and learning enhancement to promote problem-solving thinking; and (3) examine the results of using the developed learning model.

Methodology: The study was conducted in three phases: Phase 1 investigated the current situation, problems, and needs through document analysis, related research, and a questionnaire administered to 400 undergraduate students. Phase 2 involved developing the learning model using in-depth interviews with seven experts and evaluating its suitability by five specialists. Phase 3 evaluated the appropriateness of the online lessons and implemented the model with third-year students majoring in Computer Industrial Education. The experimental group and control group were compared using the one samplet-test.

Result: Phase 1: The results revealed that promoting problem-solving thinking among undergraduate students requires development in several areas, with a high level of urgent need. Phase 2: The online learning model was developed based on expert interviews and expert evaluations. The final model consisted of four components: Online learning environment, Problem-based learning with gamification techniques, Enhancement of problem-solving potential, and Assessment and evaluation. The model’s overall suitability was rated at a high level (\bar{x}= 4.42). Phase 3: The online lessons were found to be highly appropriate and were experimentally implemented with third-year students. The results showed that the experimental group achieved significantly higher problem-solving thinking scores and learning achievement than the control group at the .05 level of statistical significance. Moreover, problem-solving thinking was positively correlated with learning achievement (r = .733), and learners expressed high satisfaction with the model (\bar{x} = 4.31).

Conclusion: The study was conducted in three phases. The results demonstrated that undergraduate students urgently require development in problem-solving thinking. The developed online learning model based on problem-based learning integrated with gamification comprises four key components (learning environment, problem-based learning, enhancement of problem-solving skills, and assessment). The model showed high suitability (\bar{x} = 4.42). Experimental results revealed that the model effectively improved students’ problem-solving thinking and learning achievement, with a significant positive correlation (r = .733) and high learner satisfaction (\bar{x}= 4.31). This confirms that the developed model is effective and applicable for enhancing learning and problem-solving skills in higher education.

The Data Management of the Aesthetic Value of Hunan Oil Paintings in the Cultural Context Provides Knowledge Support for the Development of Hunan Oil Paintings

2025-09-25T08:50:09+07:00

Background and Aims: This research establishes a knowledge framework for the development of Hunan oil painting by analyzing its aesthetic value management within a cultural context. It aims to construct a comprehensive data-driven system that systematically quantifies aesthetic characteristics, maps cultural networks, and supports the sector's creative, academic, and commercial development.

Methodology: The study adopts a mixed-methods design, integrating quantitative computational techniques (including improved ResNet-50 models and knowledge graph construction) with qualitative art historical analysis. The methodology proceeded through three phases: (1) systematic mapping of Hunan oil painting's trajectory and theories; (2) construction of a multidimensional dataset from artworks, archives, and market data (N=1,850 works); and (3) establishment of a technical framework using big data analytics and deep learning.

Results: The results demonstrated: (1) the establishment of an evaluation index system for the aesthetic value of Hunan oil painting, introducing the quantifiable concept of "cultural data density"; (2) the development of the Hunan Oil Painting Digital Asset Management Platform (prototype) and a Visual Yearbook (1949-2025); (3) successful interdisciplinary integration, creating a paradigm combining art, data science, and cultural geography. The ResNet-50 model achieved 91.3% classification accuracy (95% CI: 89.5-93.1%), and a knowledge graph with 37,000 relationships was constructed.

Conclusions: This study provides a replicable, data-driven paradigm for regional art research. By transforming implicit aesthetic values into explicit, manageable knowledge assets through the "cultural context–aesthetic value–data management" model, it offers substantial support for the creative innovation, academic study, and sustainable development of Hunan oil painting.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of Large-Scale Longan Farmers and Their Challenges in Export Production in Lamphun, Thailand

2025-11-08T09:13:34+07:00

Background and Aims: This study investigates the current state of longan production for international markets, focusing on pathways to enhance long-term socio-economic sustainability. It also examines the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and significant challenges related to production management faced by large-scale farmer collectives in Lamphun Province.

Methodology: The study employed a mixed-methods approach. Qualitative data was gathered via interviews with key informants, while quantitative data was collected from farmer samples using questionnaires. All data were subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Findings reveal Lamphun Province has a high production capacity, exceeding the national average yield, though output is declining slightly. Fresh longan dominates export value, but this market is overly reliant on China. Farmers possess moderate to high knowledge, particularly in chemical safety, yet lack a deep understanding of GAP regulations and post-harvest processes. While attitudes toward group development are highly positive and practices (especially chemical use) are strong, record-keeping is the weakest area. Major obstacles include reliance on middlemen, causing price instability, high production costs, skilled labor shortages, and poor post-harvest management.

Conclusion: The research concludes that despite farmers' positive outlooks and operational readiness, advancing their sustainable competitiveness requires interventions. Specifically, they need enhanced technical knowledge (particularly in comprehensive GAP standards and environmental management and effective solutions to address structural problems. The findings provide clear practical and policy implications, pointing to the need for market restructuring to improve farmer livelihoods and for practical, targeted extension programs to close specific knowledge gaps.

The Study of Guidelines for Developing Academic Administration to Excellence in the Sub-district Quality Schools under the Mahasarakham Primary Educational Service Office Area 3

2025-09-09T10:04:37+07:00

Background and Aims: Academic administration is a critical mission of educational institutions, as stipulated in the National Education Act B.E. 2542 (1999) and its subsequent amendments, along with the policy of “One Subdistrict, One Quality School,” which aims to develop rural schools into learning centers and reduce educational disparities. However, quality schools at the subdistrict level still face challenges in managing teaching and learning as well as promoting community participation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the current and desired states of academic administration, identify essential needs, and explore strategies for developing academic administration toward excellence in quality schools at the subdistrict level under the jurisdiction of Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 3.

Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods design in two phases. Phase 1 examined the current status, desired status, and essential needs in academic administration among 308 participants, including school administrators (n = 34), school board chairpersons (n = 34), and teachers (n = 240). Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using means, standard deviations, and the index of essential needs. Phase 2 explored development strategies for areas with the highest identified needs, namely instructional media, innovations, and technology; learning processes; and assessment, evaluation, and transfer of learning outcomes. Semi-structured interviews with five key informants were conducted to inform the drafting of targeted development strategies.

Results: The research found that the management of academic affairs toward excellence in Subdistrict Quality Schools is currently at a moderate level, whereas the desired state is at the highest level. The development need index was 0.42. Accordingly, three areas of development comprising a total of seventeen strategies were proposed to enhance the management of academic affairs toward excellence.

Conclusion: The research findings indicated that the academic administration of Subdistrict Quality Schools was at a moderate level, whereas the desired state was at the highest level, with a total necessity index of 0.42. Consequently, three development dimensions encompassing a total of seventeen strategies were established to enhance academic administration toward excellence, within the operational framework of the Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 3.

Factors Influencing on Business Value Creation of Management Consulting Firms in Thailand

2025-10-16T09:28:50+07:00

Background and Aims: This research is a mixed-method research, which combines quantitative and qualitative research. The objectives are: 1. To study the level of business value creation strategies implementation in management consulting firms in Thailand; 2. To analyze the relationship between business value creation strategies and customer satisfaction 3. To study the relationship between business value creation strategies and the adoption of innovation and technology in organizations, and 4. To assess the influence of business value creation strategies on the sustainability and growth of management consulting firms. This research is a mixed-method research, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The population of this research is senior executives of management consulting firms in Thailand who have established operations and have at least 3 years of service experience. The sample group used in this research was selected using purposive sampling. The companies that meet the criteria such as having a clear strategy, using technology or innovation, using consulting firms in Thailand, having appropriate organizational size, and having executives who can provide comprehensive information.

Methodology: The sample size will be between 378 and 8 for qualitative data collection through in-depth interviews. They were grouped to summarize the main points for consideration in creating research variables and discussing the research results. The tools used for data collection are questionnaires. The statistics used in this research are percentages, means, standard deviations, and by using regression analysis consisting of 5 factors: satisfaction, innovation and technology adoption, sustainability, business growth, competitive advantage, and business value creation.

Results: The research findings were that the majority of respondents were female, in their mid-career years, and in positions with medium to high expertise. The analysis revealed that business value creation strategies in terms of performance measurement, innovation creation, and customer relationship management were positively related to customer satisfaction, innovation, and technology adoption, and were statistically significant factors influencing organizational sustainability and growth, consistent with the Value Chain Theory and the Resource-Based View (RBV). Furthermore, competitive advantage also impacts business value creation, particularly in areas like brand, customer service, and networking, which are key drivers of sustainable consulting firms in Thailand.

Conclusion: Business value creation strategies, particularly in the areas of performance measurement, innovation development, and customer relationship management, were found to have a positive relationship with customer satisfaction and the adoption of innovation and technology. In addition, these strategies had a significant positive influence on organizational sustainability and growth. Furthermore, it was found that competitive advantage affects business value creation, especially in terms of branding, customer service, and business networking, which are key factors driving the sustainable potential of management consulting firms in Thailand.

Symbolic Translation and Narrative Construction: Research on the Innovative Pathways of Contemporary Jewelry Design from the Perspective of Chinese Traditional Culture

2025-11-02T10:03:01+07:00

Background and Aim: The integration of Chinese traditional cultural symbols into contemporary jewelry design is an emerging area of study. This research explores the process of symbolic translation and narrative construction, aiming to investigate how traditional cultural elements can be effectively reinterpreted and incorporated into modern jewelry designs. The study examines the strategies, challenges, and innovations involved in the fusion of cultural heritage with modern design aesthetics.

Materials and Methods: This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative research with case study analysis. Data was collected through interviews with jewelry designers, cultural scholars, and industry experts. Additionally, selected jewelry design case studies were analyzed, focusing on how Chinese traditional symbols are translated into contemporary jewelry. Thematic analysis and comparative case study methods were used to identify key trends and challenges.

Results: The study reveals that designers typically use strategies such as symbol simplification, material innovation, and emotional re-interpretation to adapt traditional symbols for contemporary jewelry design. The most critical implication of these strategies is the ongoing challenge of balancing cultural authenticity with modern aesthetic demands. The findings highlight that while simplification and innovation help make traditional symbols accessible, they often risk losing cultural depth. Designers face the delicate task of preserving the original symbolic meaning while adapting to contemporary tastes. Case studies show that successful designs carefully balance the cultural essence of traditional symbols with modern aesthetic values, achieving a design that resonates with both local and global markets.

Conclusion: The integration of Chinese traditional cultural symbols into contemporary jewelry design requires a careful balance between preserving cultural authenticity and responding to modern consumer demands. Designers must innovate materials, simplify complex motifs, and create emotional connections with consumers through cultural narratives. This study contributes valuable insights into the ongoing evolution of jewelry design that incorporates cultural elements, providing both theoretical and practical guidance for future designs.

Development of a Management Model for Excellence, Table Tennis Association in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

2025-08-15T17:54:05+07:00

Background and Aim: In recent years, most of China's table tennis associations for excellence still adopt the traditional management model, and the management system is used as a central model without any specific management model for special areas or different environments. The objective of this study was to develop the management model for the Excellence Table Tennis Association in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Materials and Methods: This research was a mixed study; it combines quantitative and qualitative research. To survey the current situation of the management for excellence table tennis association in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the researcher administered 390 questionnaires under the 7S management framework to 11 cities in Inner Mongolia. The validity of the questionnaire was tested by the IOC value by 5 experts (IOC = 0.88-0.95). Nine experts were interviewed under the POLC management principles to find a way to draft a management model. 17 experts were invited to participate in a three-round Delphi consensus process, and the Connoisseurship method was used to confirm the management model by 7 experts.

Results: The management model for excellence table tennis association in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, designed using the 7S management framework, consists of 102 components, divided into 15 strategy components, 14 structure components, 15 style components, 14 systems components, 14 staff components, 15 skills components, and 15 shared values components. For the POLC management principles, there were 58 models, divided into 14 planning components, 14 organizing management components, 15 leading components, and 15 controlling components.

Conclusion: The management model for excellence table tennis association in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under the 7s management framework and POLC Management principles, to the Delphi data collection method and reached consensus and agreed on the elements of the management model.

School Safety Operations under the Office of Pattani Primary Educational Service Area 2

2025-11-08T08:39:46+07:00

Background and Aims: School safety is a fundamental factor that affects the quality of educational management. Schools with effective safety management systems help build confidence among students, parents, and surrounding communities (OBEC, 2021). The Ministry of Education has designated “Safe School” as one of the key goals for improving education quality under the National Education Plan (2023–2037), emphasizing prevention, instillation, and suppression measures to mitigate potential hazards in schools. However, according to the Deep South Watch (2024), Pattani Province remains one of the areas where safety incidents continue to occur, impacting students’ learning environments and the mental well-being of teachers and educational personnel. Therefore, implementing school safety operations in this region is of great importance. The objectives of this study were to: 1) examine the level of school safety operations under the Office of Pattani Primary Educational Service Area 2, 2) compare the differences in safety operations by gender, age, educational qualification, work experience, and school size, and 3) propose guidelines for developing sustainable and systematic school safety operations.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 303 teachers and educational personnel under the Office of Pattani Primary Educational Service Area 2. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. Stratified random sampling was applied based on school size, followed by simple random sampling using a non-replacement lottery method. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of .906. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: 1) The overall level of school safety operations in schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Office Pattani 2 was found to be high. 2) The comparison of school safety operations revealed that teachers and educational personnel with different gender, age, educational qualifications, work experience, and school size did not differ in their overall opinions regarding school safety operations. However, those with different levels of work experience significantly differed in their opinions on the suppression dimension at the .05 level. And 3) The synthesis of recommendations for school safety operations indicated that prevention should emphasize physical and administrative safety measures, such as CCTV installation, security patrols, access control, and regular emergency drills. Instillation should focus on cultivating safety awareness among all stakeholders by teaching survival skills, first aid, and integrating safety knowledge into subjects and school activities. Suppression requires firm and explicit measures to address risky behaviors—such as weapons, substance abuse, or bullying—through an effective reporting system, collaboration with police and local authorities, and activities that promote shared responsibility and respect for others, ultimately fostering a sustainable school safety culture.

Conclusion: Schools under the Office of Pattani Primary Educational Service Area 2 demonstrate a high level of safety operations. However, continuous improvement is needed in building a strong and systematic safety culture, especially in instilling safety consciousness among students and strengthening collaboration networks between schools, communities, and related agencies. These efforts will enhance sustainability and establish a model for other educational areas.

Digital Leadership Affecting the Effectiveness of Schools under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

2025-09-15T11:43:22+07:00

Background and Aims: The rapid changes in information and communication technology have profoundly impacted the economy, society, and education, propelling the world into a digital era where information and knowledge are accessible without borders. Particularly in the education sector, digital technology plays a crucial role in developing learners with 21st-century competencies. Therefore, school administrators must possess digital leadership to utilize technology in management, support instruction, and enhance school effectiveness. This research aimed to (1) study the level of digital leadership among school administrators, (2) study the level of school effectiveness, (3) analyze the relationship between digital leadership and school effectiveness, and (4) examine the predictive power of digital leadership on school effectiveness under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3.

Methodology: The sample comprised 325 participants from schools under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 during the 2024 academic year, consisting of 65 school administrators and 260 teachers. The research instrument was a questionnaire designed to study the digital leadership affecting school effectiveness. Data were analyzed using the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: The results revealed that (1) the overall level of digital leadership among school administrators and (2) the overall level of school effectiveness under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 were at a high level. (3) The school administrators' digital leadership was highly and statistically significantly correlated with school effectiveness at the level. (4) Four dimensions of school administrators' digital leadership significantly predicted school effectiveness under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 at the level. These were: the dimension of support for digital technology use (administration), support for teaching and learning using digital technology, support for digital technology use in measurement and evaluation, and ethics in digital technology use. These four factors collectively accounted for 90.2% of the variance in school effectiveness.

The prediction equation can be expressed as raw score and standard score equations as follows:

Raw Score Equation

Y = -0.147 + 0.640(X₄) + 0.297(X₂) + 0.079**(X₅) - 0.138**(X₃)

Standard Score Equation

Z_Y= 0.632(X₄) + 0.343(X₂) + 0.070**(X₅) - 0.111**(X₃)

Conclusion: The study concludes that the overall digital leadership of school administrators under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 is at a high level, particularly in the dimension of support for digital technology use (administration). However, the dimension of support for technology use in measurement and evaluation received the lowest mean score and should be further developed. Furthermore, school administrators' digital leadership is statistically significantly correlated with school effectiveness at the level and can predict up to 90.2% of school effectiveness, particularly across the four key dimensions: digital technology use in administration, teaching and learning, evaluation, and technology ethics.

Effects of Learning Activities Through the Synectics Teaching Method and Flipped Classroom for Developing Innovative Thinking Skills on the Natural Packaging Learning Unit for Grade 9th Students

2025-11-03T14:37:08+07:00

Background and Aims: The study of the effects of learning activities through synectics teaching method and flipped classroom for developing innovative thinking skills on the natural packaging learning unit for grade 9th students had purposes, which were to compare the learning achievement before and after the learning activities and to study the innovative thinking skills and collaboration skills of grade 9th students after being taught using the synectics teaching method and flipped classroom approach.

Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental research employing a one-group pre-test post-test design. The sample group consisted of 25 9th-grade students who were selected through cluster random sampling by drawing lots for their classroom unit. The research instruments included the learning management plan using the synectics teaching method and flipped classroom for developing innovative thinking skills, a learning achievement test on the natural packaging learning unit, an innovative thinking skills assessment form, and a collaboration skills assessment form. The statistics used for data analysis were mean(M), standard deviation (SD), and t-test for dependent samples.

Results: The learning achievement scores using the synectics teaching method and flipped classroom showed a pre-test mean score of 13.00 (M=13.00, SD=1.84) and a post-test mean score of 17.00 (M=17.00, SD=0.96) The innovative thinking skills score after the learning activities was 4.71 (M=4.71, SD=0.37), and the collaboration skills score was 4.46 (M=4.46, SD= 0.56).

Conclusion: The learning achievement of 9th-grade students on the natural packaging learning unit after receiving the synectics teaching method and flipped classroom activities was significantly higher than before at the 0.01 level. Both the innovative thinking skills and the collaboration skills after the learning activities were at an excellent level.

Financial Management and Behavioral Patterns of Smallholder Rubber Farming Households in Lower Northeastern Thailand

2025-10-27T11:53:35+07:00

Background and Aims: Smallholder rubber farmers in lower northeastern Thailand face critical challenges in financial management, particularly high debt burdens and income volatility from fluctuating rubber prices. This study aimed to: (1) examine financial management patterns and behaviors of smallholder rubber farmers, (2) identify factors influencing financial management performance, and (3) develop an appropriate financial management framework to enhance business sustainability and reduce financial risks for small-scale rubber farmers.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 smallholder rubber farming households (≤30 rai) (n=400) across 8 provinces in lower northeastern Thailand during 2024, using proportional stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative data from focus group discussions (30 participants) were analyzed through content analysis to develop practical financial management guidelines.

Results: Households earned an average annual income of 288,130 baht, with rubber accounting for only 40.59% of total income, reflecting income diversification strategies. Approximately 70% of households carried an average debt of 231,642 baht (debt-to-income ratio of 80.40%), while 65.50% maintained savings averaging 58,932 baht. Major financial problems included rising production costs, low rubber prices, and household expenses exceeding income. Regression analysis (R² = 0.624, F = 39.846, p < 0.001) revealed eight significant factors. Positive influences included household accounting practices (β = 0.342, p < 0.01), education level (β = 0.089, p < 0.01), savings amount (β = 0.00004, p < 0.001), regular income (β = 0.00014, p < 0.01), and plantation size (β = 0.022, p < 0.01). Negative influences included financial management problems (β = -0.267, p < 0.01), amount of debt (β = -0.00003, p < 0.01), and non-agricultural expenses (β = -0.00002, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Household accounting practices and education level emerged as the most influential positive factors, while debt burden posed the primary obstacle to effective financial management. The study recommends a four-dimensional framework: (1) promoting financial literacy and accounting practices, (2) developing context-appropriate financing mechanisms aligned with agricultural calendars, (3) implementing effective debt management strategies, and (4) encouraging income diversification through agroforestry systems and alternative income sources to build financial resilience among smallholder rubber farming communities.

A Strategy for Integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology for Value Creation and Competitive Advantage in Thai Agricultural Businesses

2025-10-17T09:46:04+07:00

Background and Aims: This academic article aims to explore the benefits, challenges, and trends, providing clearer business goals. This analysis analyzes the potential of technology as a driver of value creation for agricultural entrepreneurs. This also includes the challenges and future trends of such technology to enhance entrepreneurial capabilities.

Methodology: The study examines the dimensions of climate change, labor shortages, and rising production costs, which necessitate adaptation to the changing environment. This has led to the emergence of smart farming, precision farming, and new agricultural technologies that require adaptation to the changing environment. This has led to the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and drones, which play a key role in increasing production efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing product quality.

Results: include surveying agricultural land, detecting diseases, insects, and pests, analyzing in-depth data, and transporting goods. However, the current use of drones in Thailand's agricultural sector is limited by infrastructure that can support digital systems, initial capital, and farmers' knowledge and understanding.

Conclusion: The results from the government, private sector, educational institutions, and farmers themselves have contributed to collaborative research and development of appropriate components to drive the Thai agricultural sector toward sustainability and build global competitiveness. This will enable agricultural businesses to cope with environmental changes and maintain sustainable competitiveness in the long term.

Test Results of Agility, Speed, and Accuracy among Handball Players at Thailand National Sports University, Ubon Ratchathani Sports School

2025-05-30T20:03:03+07:00

Background and Aims: Agility, speed, and accuracy are fundamental physical components that directly contribute to success in handball, influencing both offensive and defensive performance. Access to current fitness data is essential for the systematic development of athletes. This descriptive research aimed to investigate and assess the physical performance in the aforementioned three aspects among male handball athletes affiliated with the National Sports University, Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Sports School.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 14 male athletes selected through purposive sampling. This study employed a descriptive research design to explore and describe the current status of agility, speed, and shooting accuracy—factors crucial to handball performance. Data collection took place between October 2023 and April 2024. Athletes underwent three main performance tests: agility was assessed using the T-Test Agility Run; speed was measured via a 30-meter sprint; and shooting accuracy was evaluated through shooting at designated targets from 6 and 9 meters (10 shots per corner target per distance—upper right and upper left corners). All quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, specifically mean and standard deviation.

Results: The data analysis revealed that the sample group had an average agility score of 10.12±0.65 seconds in the T-Test, indicating a good ability to execute complex directional changes. In terms of short-distance speed, the average time for the 30-meter sprint was 3.53±0.23 seconds, demonstrating effective acceleration and short-range movement. Regarding shooting accuracy, the average score at a distance of 6 meters was 9.00±1.96 points (out of 10). However, at 9 meters, the average score decreased to 8.43±1.84 points, suggesting a trend of reduced accuracy with increasing shooting distance.

Conclusion: This study provides up-to-date empirical data on the physical performance levels of handball athletes, offering valuable insights for coaches and sport scientists in evaluating individual athletic potential. Most importantly, these findings serve as a foundation for designing evidence-based training programs, particularly emphasizing the development of long-distance shooting accuracy, which remains a key area for enhancing competitive performance at the team level.

Development of a Mathematics Instructional Model Using a Website to Enhance Creativity and the Application of Statistics in Daily Life Based on Constructivist Theory for Grade 12 Students

2026-02-24T09:10:14+07:00

Background and Aims: This study aimed to: 1) examine the needs for mathematics instructional management; 2) develop a mathematics instructional model using a website to enhance creativity and the application of statistics in daily life based on constructivist theory for Grade 12 students; 3) investigate the effects of using the mathematics instructional model via a website to enhance creativity and the application of statistics in daily life based on constructivist theory for Grade 12 students; and 4) evaluate the development of the mathematics instructional model using a website to enhance creativity and the application of statistics in daily life based on constructivist theory for Grade 12 students.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 33 Grade 12/1 students from Nong Ya Ma Municipal School (Roi Et Municipality Sports School) in the second semester of the 2025 academic year, selected through cluster random sampling. The research instruments included a mathematics instructional model using a website to enhance creativity and the application of statistics in daily life, 12 lesson plans, and a 40-item multiple-choice test (four options) measuring creativity and the application of statistics in daily life, with item difficulty (P) ranging from 0.37 to 0.80, item discrimination (B) ranging from 0.23 to 0.77, and a reliability coefficient of 0.97. In addition, a 20-item five-point rating scale satisfaction questionnaire was employed. The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

Results: 1. The needs for mathematics instructional management showed that teachers’ opinions regarding the current conditions and needs for organizing mathematics learning activities were overall at the highest level (/bar(x)= 4.73), while students’ opinions regarding the current conditions and needs for organizing learning activities were overall at a high level (/bar(x)= 4.20); 2. The mathematics instructional model using a website to enhance creativity and the application of statistics in daily life based on constructivist theory for Grade 12 students consisted of four key components: (1) principles of the model, (2) objectives of the model, (3) instructional process, and (4) measurement and evaluation; 3. The results of implementing the model were as follows: students’ satisfaction with the learning was at the highest level (/bar(x)= 4.66, S.D. = 0.48); and 4. The evaluation of the developed instructional model indicated that teachers’ overall opinions were at the highest level (/bar(x)= 4.60, S.D. = 0.50).

Conclusion: This study aimed to develop a mathematics instructional model using a website to enhance creativity and the application of statistics in daily life among Grade 12 students; the main concept was based on constructivist theory, emphasizing learners’ active role in constructing knowledge by themselves; the instructional model integrated web technology with active learning processes; it aimed to develop thinking, analytical, and real-life statistical application skills; and the expected outcome was to improve students’ learning achievement and overall learning effectiveness.

Service Learning Projects to Enhance Growth Mindsets in Higher Education Students

2026-03-16T08:47:25+07:00

Background and Aims: Service learning amalgamates pedagogy with scholarship to augment the personal knowledge of students. This method is essential in cultivating a growth mentality. Students in higher education who engage in service-learning programs can address real-world issues, enhance critical-thinking abilities, and cultivate a dedication to lifelong learning. The objective of this research is to: 1. Examine the evolution of the growth mindset among higher education students before and after their involvement in service learning programs. 2. Analyze the evolution of the growth mindset among higher education students prior to and following their involvement in service learning programs.

Methodology: The sample group for this research consisted of 60 male and female higher education students aged 19-20 years, in their second year of the Early Childhood Education program at Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University, Na Fai Subdistrict, Mueang District, Chaiyaphum Province, during the first semester of the 2025 academic year. The sample was selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments included eight lesson plans for a service-learning project and a behavioral assessment form assessing higher education students' growth mindset. The researchers used a one-group pretest-posttest design to analyze the data using the mean, standard deviation, and dependent t-test.

Results: The overall assessment of growth mindset among higher education students before the intervention was low (M=2.61, S.D.=0.50, and after the intervention, it was at its highest level (M=4.22, S.D.=0.44). Higher education students who participated in learning activities through community service projects had a significantly higher growth mindset than before the learning activities at the .05 statistical significance level.

Conclusion: Service learning is an effective approach to fostering a growth mindset in higher education students. Specifically, it utilizes a process that emphasizes hands-on experience, collaboration, and reflection. This process helps learners shift their beliefs about their abilities from a static perspective to one of potential improvement—a core element of a growth mindset and a fundamental basis for lifelong learning.

Core Competencies of Administrators in the 21st Century under Trang Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

2026-03-06T11:40:28+07:00

Background and Aims: The 21^st century is an era of rapid technological and innovative transformation, inevitably impacting the education system. School administrators, therefore, need competencies, leadership, and innovative capabilities to adapt and drive their organizations in alignment with the changing context. Continuous development of core competencies is thus a crucial factor in enhancing school quality and improving students’ achievement to keep pace with the digital world. This research aims to 1) study the level of core competencies of administrators, 2) compare the 21^st-century core competencies of administrators classified by work experience and school size, and 3) explore guidelines for developing the 21^st-century core competencies of school administrators under Trang Primary Educational Service Area Office 1.

Methodology: This study employed proportional stratified random sampling based on school size. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, yielding a total of 225 participants. The research instruments consisted of three parts: (1) a checklist questionnaire on general information of school administrators under Trang Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, including two items-work experience and school size; (2) a questionnaire on core competencies of school administrators; and (3) a structured interview with five questions regarding guidelines for developing core competencies, covering achievement orientation, service excellence, teamwork, self-development, and professional ethics. The instruments demonstrated content validity with an index of item-objective congruence (IOC) ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and a reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) of .910. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA (F-test). Key informants for the qualitative part were three heads of four administrative divisions, selected through purposive sampling. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: The findings revealed that the core competencies of school administrators in the 21^st century were at a high level overall. When comparing these competencies based on work experience, there was a statistically significant difference at the .05 level. However, when classified by school size, no significant difference was found. The development guidelines focus on enhancing work performance beyond standard levels by setting clear and measurable goals, utilizing modern technology to support operations, and establishing concrete service standards. Errors should be analyzed to prevent recurrence, and an open environment should be encouraged to allow free expression of ideas for greater diversity. Emphasis is placed on using reliable data and maintaining transparency, as well as addressing problems directly and proactively. Effective communication should be clear, concise, and involve active listening, with appropriate communication channels and regular updates. Participation should be promoted through activities and training, with leaders acting as role models, clearly communicating policies, and integrating ethics into work processes. This approach aims to foster discipline, engagement, and adherence to rules based on internal awareness.

Conclusion: The findings indicated that the core competencies of school administrators in the 21st century under Trang Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 were at a high level in all aspects. Ranked from highest to lowest, these were service excellence, professional ethics, self-development, teamwork, and achievement orientation. When classified by work experience, both the overall competencies and each aspect showed statistically significant differences at the .05 level, reflecting differences in roles, responsibilities, and perspectives across experience levels. When classified by school size, it was found that administrators of medium-sized schools demonstrated higher competency in achievement orientation than those in small-sized schools.

Creative Leadership of Primary School Administrators under Narathiwat Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

2026-03-03T07:14:40+07:00

Background and Aims: The rapid changes in society in the 21st century require school administrators to adapt their leadership roles through creative leadership to enhance teachers’ morale and develop instructional management in alignment with evolving contexts. This study aims to examine the creative leadership of school administrators as a guideline for improving administrative effectiveness and instructional management within educational institutions. This research aims to 1) study the level of creative leadership of primary school administrators under Narathiwat Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, 2) compare teachers’ opinions on the creative leadership of primary school administrators under Narathiwat Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, classified by general characteristics, including gender, educational level, work experience, and school size, and 3) collect teachers’ recommendations regarding the creative leadership of primary school administrators under Narathiwat Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: Stratified random sampling was employed based on school size. A questionnaire was used to collect data, with a reliability coefficient of 0.966. The statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and content analysis.

Results: The research findings revealed that 1) Creative leadership of primary school administrators, both overall and in each aspect, was at a high level. The aspects, ranked in order, were vision, flexibility, innovation, and imagination. 2) A comparison of teachers’ opinions revealed no differences based on gender, educational level, or school size. However, differences were found based on work experience at a statistically significant level of .001. Specifically, vision differed at the .001 level, while innovation and flexibility differed at the .05 level. Teachers with less than 10 years of experience had different opinions compared to those with more than 10 years of experience. And 3) Key recommendations include defining and communicating a vision aligned with the context, encouraging participation, promoting creativity and innovation, creating an environment supportive of new ideas, maintaining flexibility in administration, and supporting the development and exchange of learning innovations.

Conclusion: The overall level of creative leadership among primary school administrators under the Narathiwat Primary Educational Area Service Office 2 was high, with the vision dimension rated the highest, followed by flexibility, while imagination was rated the lowest. Comparisons of teachers’ opinions by gender, educational level, and school size revealed no significant differences in both overall and individual dimensions. However, teachers with different lengths of work experience showed statistically significant differences in their opinions toward creative leadership, particularly in the areas of vision, innovation, and flexibility.

Innovative Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators under the Department of Learning Encouragement in the Southern Border Provinces

2026-03-15T08:41:10+07:00

Background and Aims: Innovative leadership of school administrators plays an important role in developing education in the digital era, in accordance with the National Education Act, which promotes the use of technology and innovation to enhance the effectiveness of learning management. Administrators need to have creativity, be open to new ideas, and be able to apply technology to improve both administration and teaching in line with social changes. Such innovative leadership helps drive educational institutions toward quality development 1) to study the level of innovative leadership of educational institution administrators under the Office of Learning Promotion in the three southern border provinces; 2) to compare the innovative leadership of these administrators classified by work experience, school size, and area; and 3) to examine guidelines for developing innovative leadership among educational institution administrators under the Office of Learning Promotion in the three southern border provinces.

Methodology: The population consisted of 33 educational institution administrators under the Office of Learning Promotion in the three southern border provinces. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .996. The statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and F-test.

Results: The results of the study revealed that the overall level of innovative leadership of educational institution administrators under the Office of Learning Promotion in the three southern border provinces was at a high level. The comparison results showed that administrators with different work experiences, school sizes, and areas did not significantly differ in their level of innovative leadership.

Conclusion: The guidelines for developing innovative leadership among educational institution administrators under the Office of Learning Promotion in the three southern border provinces include clearly defining change objectives that can be easily understood within a short time and practically implemented. Leaders should keep up with global changes, view the overall situation, and recognize potential opportunities and challenges. They should communicate their vision clearly to personnel to ensure a shared direction and inspire them. Clear goals should be established so that everyone understands and works in the same direction. Administrators should encourage information sharing, attentive listening, and constructive expression of opinions while fostering understanding of individual and collective responsibilities. Personnel should be encouraged to build confidence, take risks, experiment, and view failure as a learning opportunity. In addition, organizations should create an open, safe, and flexible environment that accepts diverse opinions and reduces complex work procedures while promoting various thinking techniques. Administrators should demonstrate enthusiasm for adopting innovations or new technologies in management and act as leaders of change. They should also raise awareness of the value of innovation within the organization, recognize and reward innovative achievements, and encourage personnel to think differently and express their potential in proposing innovations.

Development of a Flipped Classroom Learning Model Integrated with Role-Playing Activities in Health Education Class on the Topic of “First Aid” for Mattayomsuksa 1 Students

2025-07-13T09:46:49+07:00

Background and Aims: The instructional methods employed by educators in organizing learning activities play a crucial role in enabling students to achieve predetermined learning objectives, enhance their knowledge and experiences, and develop essential skills that serve as a foundation for future life. This reflects a shift in instructional approaches from traditional teacher-centered methods, where knowledge is delivered directly by the teacher, to student-centered learning, in which learners are encouraged to explore and construct knowledge independently through activities and teacher-designed technological media, with the teacher serving as a facilitator and guide. This research aimed to 1) develop a flipped classroom learning model integrated with role-playing activities in Health Education class on the topic of “First Aid” for mattayomsuksa 1 students, with a target efficiency of 80/80, 2) compare the students’ academic achievement before and after the implementation of the developed flipped classroom learning model integrated with role-playing activities in Health Education class on the topic of “First Aid,” and 3) assess the students’ satisfaction with the implementation of the model.

Methodology: The research sample consisted of 35 Grade 1/1 students enrolled in the first semester of the 2023 academic year at Chiang Yuen Pittayakhom School, Chiang Yuen Sub-district, Chiang Yuen District, Maha Sarakham Province. The sample was selected through Simple Random Sampling using the classroom as the unit of sampling. The research instruments were 1) an instructional plan for a Health Education class on the topic of First Aid, 2) A 20-item multiple-choice achievement test with four answer options per item, and 3) a 20-item 5-point scale satisfaction questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using percentages, mean, standard deviation, and dependent samples t-test.

Results: 1) The developed flipped classroom learning model integrated with role-playing activities in Health Education class on the topic of “First Aid” for mattayomsuksa 1 students achieved an academic efficiency (E₁/E₂) of 97.89/88.43, meeting the 80/80 criterion, 2) The mattayomsuksa 1 students' post-instruction academic achievement scores were significantly higher than their pre-instruction scores at the .05 level of statistical significance, and The students reported a high level of satisfaction with the developed model.

Conclusion: The researchers implemented learning activities designed to enhance the students' development across all three learning domains: cognitive, psychomotor, and affective—through the developed six-step flipped classroom model, consisting of 1) Preparation, 2) Presentation of the learned knowledge, 3) Knowledge exchange, 4) Hands-on practice, 5) Presentation of the created work, and 6) Lesson summarization. These were integrated with a seven-step role-playing framework: 1) Teacher and students introduce the scenario and assigned roles, 2) Selection of role players, 3) Preparation of observers by the teacher, 4) Role-playing and behavioral observation by the students, 5) Discussion of the knowledge, thoughts, feelings, and expressed behaviors, 6) Reflection and summary of the learning experience by both teacher and students, and 7) Assessment of the students’ learning outcomes by the teacher. The integration enabled the achievement of this research’s objectives.

The Relationship between Transformational Leadership of School Administrators and Work Motivation of Teachers under Trang Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

2026-04-06T12:29:49+07:00

Background and Aims: In an era of rapid educational change, school administrators need to possess transformational leadership to develop their organizations in line with evolving situations. Such leadership plays a crucial role in motivating teachers to perform effectively and leads to the success of educational institutions. This research aimed to 1) study the level of transformational leadership of school administrators in schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Office Trang 1. 2) examine the level of teachers’ work motivation in schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Office Trang 1. and 3) investigate the relationship between the transformational leadership of school administrators and teachers’ work motivation in schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Office Trang 1.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 115 participants determined using the G*Power Analysis program. The samples were selected through stratified random sampling based on the proportion of school sizes, followed by simple random sampling using a lottery method without replacement. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed by the researcher. The content validity ranged from 0.67 to 1.00, and the reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s Alpha) was .992. The statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and hypothesis testing using Pearson’s correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between the two variables.

Results: The results revealed that the overall level of transformational leadership of school administrators in schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Office Trang 1 was at the highest level. Similarly, the overall level of teachers’ work motivation in schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Office Trang 1 was also at the highest level. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the transformational leadership of school administrators and teachers’ work motivation had a positive relationship at a moderate level.

Conclusion: Transformational leadership of school administrators, both overall and by aspect, was found at the highest level in all dimensions. The highest mean scores were in idealized influence (charisma) and inspirational motivation, followed by intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration, respectively. Teachers’ work motivation, overall, was also at the highest level. The aspects with the highest mean scores were responsibility, achievement, and recognition, while working conditions and salary/compensation were at a high level. Furthermore, transformational leadership of school administrators was positively correlated with teachers’ work motivation at a moderate level. Intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration showed moderate correlations, whereas idealized influence and inspirational motivation showed relatively low correlations. In conclusion, transformational leadership of administrators contributes to enhancing teachers’ work motivation to a certain extent and is an important factor in improving the effectiveness of school administration.

A Mixed-Methods Study of School Administration Development Guidelines Based on EdPEx in Secondary Schools under Kalasin Secondary Educational Service Area Office

2026-02-27T09:17:34+07:00

Background and Aims: This study aimed to (1) examine the current conditions of school administration based on the Education Criteria for Performance Excellence (EdPEx), and (2) develop and evaluate the feasibility of school administration practices aligned with the EdPEx framework in schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Kalasin.

Methodology: This research employed a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 318 participants, including 45 school administrators and 273 teachers, determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling table. The research instrument for assessing the current conditions was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, with discrimination indices ranging from 0.21 to 0.95. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted to develop and evaluate the feasibility of the proposed administrative approaches. Five experts were involved in assessing the appropriateness and feasibility. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentages, means, and standard deviation.

Results: The findings revealed that: (1) the overall condition of school administration based on the EdPEx criteria was at a high level. Among the dimensions, leadership showed the highest mean score (4.38), while workforce had the lowest mean score (3.16). (2) The development of school administration resulted in 18 guidelines covering strategy, workforce, and operations. The expert evaluation indicated that the appropriateness of the workforce and operations dimensions was at the highest level (mean = 5.00), while the strategy dimension had a mean score of 4.96. Regarding feasibility, the workforce dimension had a mean of 4.77, operations 4.86, and strategy 4.88.

Conclusion: The study concludes that schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Kalasin demonstrate strengths in leadership, information systems, and student focus. Effective implementation of EdPEx requires a systematic approach encompassing strategic planning, human resource development, and operational process improvement. Emphasis on stakeholder participation, data-driven decision-making, and student-centered practices is essential for achieving performance excellence and sustainable educational quality development.

Guidelines for Participatory Learning Management in Elderly Schools: A Case Study of Kabin Subdistrict Municipality Elderly School, Prachinburi Province

2026-04-22T12:23:25+07:00

Background and Aims: Thailand has entered a fully ageing society, which enhances older adults’ quality of life, particularly in lifelong learning, a critical policy issue. “Elderly schools” have thus been developed as a mechanism to strengthen the potential of older persons. In the context of the Kabin Subdistrict Municipality Elderly School, Prachin Buri Province, key issues were identified that could inform development in terms of content integration and the promotion of participation, consistent with participatory learning approaches and adult learning theory. This study aimed: 1) to examine the problems and needs in participatory learning management at the Kabin Subdistrict Municipality Elderly School, Prachin Buri Province; and 2) to propose participatory learning management guidelines for the Kabin Subdistrict Municipality Elderly School, Prachin Buri Province.

Methodology: This study employed a qualitative research design conducted in two phases in accordance with the research objectives. Data were collected from 18 key informants, with 9 participants in each phase, selected through purposive sampling. The informants included elderly learners, administrators, staff, volunteers, network partners, and policymakers at the national, provincial, and institutional levels related to the Kabin Subdistrict Municipality Elderly School, Prachin Buri Province. Research instruments consisted of semi-structured interviews and participatory observation records. Data were analyzed using content analysis and thematic analysis, supported by ATLAS.ti software. Data credibility was ensured through triangulation and member checking.

Results: The findings revealed that: 1) In terms of problem conditions, the existing learning management was characterized by lecture-based, teacher-centered approaches. As a result, older adults expressed a need to shift toward participatory learning management. They required psychologically safe spaces for shared decision-making, opportunities to utilize their life experiences as a foundation for learning, social support networks to reduce isolation, and learning approaches focused on solving real-life problems. and 2) The participatory learning management guidelines for the Kabin Subdistrict Municipality Elderly School, Prachin Buri Province, can be categorized into six dimensions: (1) Policy and context, including the translation of national policies into local practice and proactive contextual analysis and vision setting; (2) Structure and administration, including flexible and horizontal organizational design and context-based curriculum planning and development; (3) Participatory learning management approaches, including experiential and area-based learning, the integration of life experiences and local wisdom, and reflective and intergenerational learning; (4) Participation of network partners, including strategic partnerships and integrated resource sharing and co-management; (5) Budget and resources, including limitations in government budget and regulations, as well as resource mobilization and self-sustainability; and (6) Outcomes and value of elderly schools.

Conclusion: Participatory learning management at the Kabin Subdistrict Municipality Elderly School, Prachin Buri Province, should emphasize a learner-centered approach that places older adults at the core of the learning process. Life experiences should be utilized as a foundation for knowledge exchange, alongside social and network support, to enable practical application in daily life. The management guidelines should be implemented in an integrated manner across all six dimensions to sustainably enhance the potential and value of older adults.

Legal Measures for the Promotion of the Songkran Festival by Municipalities

2026-02-16T09:02:32+07:00

Background and Aims: The Cultural Heritage Promotion and Preservation Act B.E. 2559 (2016), while promoting the Songkran festival as an intangible cultural heritage, lacks the authority and responsibility for preserving and promoting it for future generations. This is especially true for municipalities, which possess significant budgetary and community development capabilities. However, they are limited to organizing events as part of their annual operational plans as internal projects, lacking the authority to encourage public participation in preserving and promoting the Songkran festival, a tradition with social, cultural, and economic impacts. This research aims to: 1. Study the history, concepts, and theories related to the Songkran festival; 2. Examine the laws concerning the promotion of the Songkran festival; and 3. Propose legal measures to empower municipalities to promote the Songkran festival.

Methodology: This qualitative research employed document analysis collected from secondary sources, both domestically and internationally.

Results: The study found that: 1. There is no law mandating municipalities to organize Songkran festival events. 2. The Cultural Heritage Promotion and Preservation Act B.E. 2559 (2016) does not mandate municipalities to promote the organization of Songkran festival events. This allows municipalities to exercise discretion in organizing Songkran festivals. 3. Recommendations were made for legal measures to empower municipalities to promote Songkran festivals.

Conclusion: Amend the Municipal Act B.E. 2496 (1953) to stipulate that city municipalities have the duty to organize Songkran festivals, while town and sub-district municipalities may organize Songkran festivals if they are ready. Furthermore, amend the Act on the Promotion and Preservation of Cultural Heritage B.E. 2559 (2016) to empower the National Committee on the Promotion and Preservation of Cultural Heritage to consider and provide budget support from the central government to municipalities that are ready to organize Songkran festivals. This will promote Songkran festivals and contribute to sustainable community economic development.

Developing a Fundamental Music Notation Reading Curriculum for Children in the Khlong Phai Singto Community

2026-04-06T22:27:36+07:00

Background and Aims: Music can be a part of helping children develop learning skills and progress appropriately according to their age. Therefore, this study aimed to: (1) develop a set of basic Western music note-reading activities for children in Khlong Phai Singto Community, and (2) measure learning achievement using the developed activity set.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of seven children aged 5–7 years living in the Khlong Phai Singto community, selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a set of basic Western music note-reading activities designed for children in the Khlong Phai Singto community. The statistics used for data analysis were the mean and standard deviation.

Results: The developed activity set enhanced children’s basic Western music note-reading skills at a good level. The children were able to sing while distinguishing pitch levels of musical notes and apply note-reading skills to produce melodies. 1)The activity set developed by the researcher enabled the children to achieve a good level of development in basic Western music note-reading skills. The children were able to sing while distinguishing different pitch levels of musical notes, as well as apply note-reading skills to support singing melodies accurately. 2)The assessment of learning achievement using the basic Western music note-reading activity set for children in the Khlong Phai Singto community showed that the children’s mean pre-test score was 0.00, with a standard deviation of 0.00, indicating that the children had no prior knowledge or experience in reading Western music notation. However, after participating in the learning activities designed in accordance with the children’s developmental stages, the mean post-test score increased to 11.28, with a standard deviation of 1.11. A comparison between the pre-test and post-test results demonstrated that the children’s post-test scores were significantly higher than their pre-test scores at the .05 level of statistical significance (T = 0, p < .05), which supported the research hypothesis.

Conclusion: The development of the basic Western music note-reading activity set for children in Khlong Phai Singto Community, consisting of five structured activities, effectively improved children’s note-reading skills. The children demonstrated good development in distinguishing pitch levels and were able to apply note-reading skills to sing melodies accurately.

Development of a Social and Emotional Skills Assessment for Upper Primary School Students

2026-03-17T11:20:03+07:00

Background and Aims: Social and emotional skills are fundamental to students’ learning development and daily life in the 21st century, as they enhance adaptability, decision-making, and interpersonal relationships. This study aimed to (1) develop and examine the quality of a social and emotional skills assessment for upper primary school students, and (2) establish normative criteria for interpreting assessment scores.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 389 students in Grades 4–6 from the Laksam Samdam Cluster under the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office in the 2024 academic year, selected through multistage sampling. The research instruments included (1) a 4-point rating scale questionnaire with 25 items (raw score range: 25–100), and (2) a situational judgment test with partial credit scoring consisting of 16 items (raw score range: 0–48). Both instruments covered five components: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, responsible decision-making, and relationship skills. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Key model fit indices were reported, including Chi-square (χ²), RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and SRMR.

Results: The results showed that the rating scale for the social and emotional skills assessment had content validity ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, discriminatory power ranging from 0.231 to 0.545, and reliability of 0.86. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model was consistent with the empirical data (χ² = 440.511, df = 264, χ² /df = 1.669, RMSEA = 0.041, CFI = 0.903, SRMR = 0.046). The situational assessment also demonstrated acceptable quality with content validity ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, discriminatory power ranging from 0.219 to 0.530, and reliability of 0.82. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model was consistent with the empirical data (χ² = 176.846, df = 94, χ² /df = 1.881, RMSEA = 0.048, CFI = 0.924, TLI = 0.903, SRMR = 0.044). The developed norms showed that T-scores ranged from 19.85 to 75.66 for the rating scale and from 22.02 to 77.98 for the situational judgment test. When combined, the overall T-score ranged from 22.02 to 80.15, indicating adequate coverage of students’ ability levels. The interpretation criteria were defined as follows: T ≥ 65 (very high), 55–64 (high), 45–54 (moderate), 35–44 (low), and ≤ 34 (very low). The distribution of students across levels was as follows: 21 students at a very high level, 95 at a high level, 154 at a moderate level, 92 at a low level, and 27 at a very low level.

Conclusion: The developed social and emotional skills assessment for upper primary school students demonstrated acceptable quality in terms of validity, reliability, and model fit with empirical data. The constructed normal criteria can be used to interpret students’ social and emotional skills levels effectively.