Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal

Employees’ Attitudes toward the Administration of the National Village and Urban Community Fund Office According to New Public Management Principles

2025-07-07T15:52:49+07:00

Background and Aims: The New Public Management (NPM) approach is a key factor influencing operational efficiency and community development. Openness to new ideas and participation in management reflect the readiness of personnel to adapt to changes in modern public administration. This research aims to: 1) examine the level of employees’ attitudes toward the administration of the National Village and Urban Community Fund Office in accordance with NPM principles; 2) study the differences in personal factors of employees in relation to their attitudes toward such administration; and 3) propose recommendations for improving the administration of the Fund Office based on the NPM approach.

Methodology: This research is a quantitative study. The sample consisted of 170 employees of the National Village and Urban Community Fund Office, selected using proportional stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical methods, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Hypothesis testing was conducted using t-tests, F-tests, and multiple comparison methods.

Results) The overall level of employees’ attitudes toward the administration of the National Village and Urban Community Fund Office based on the New Public Management (NPM) approach was found to be high. 2) Employees with different personal factors did not show significant differences in attitudes, except for job positions, where a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level was observed. 3)The proposed guidelines for improving the administration of the Fund Office in accordance with the NPM approach consist of seven key strategies.

Conclusion: Most employees had a positive attitude toward public administration based on the New Public Management (NPM) approach, particularly in the areas of clear performance standards and professional public organization management. Employees also provided suggestions for improvement, such as enhancing outcome-based control and incorporating technology to support and streamline work processes.

Developing Taijiquan Training Program to Improve Physical Fitness of Elderly in Jiaozuo City

2025-09-13T10:55:38+07:00

Background and Aims: Age-related decline in physical fitness, particularly balance, flexibility, and lower-limb strength, significantly affects the health and quality of life of older adults in Jiaozuo City. Although Taijiquan is recognized for its fitness benefits, structured and progression-based programs tailored to local elderly populations are lacking. This study developed and evaluated an 8-week Chen-style Taijiquan program aimed at improving these physical fitness components.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was employed with 48 older adults (age 60–70; 75% male) recruited from a Taijiquan activity center in Jiaozuo. Participants were allocated into experimental (n=24) and control (n=24) groups using sex-stratified block randomization. The experimental group underwent a supervised Taijiquan program (5 days/week, 90 min/session) for 8 weeks, while the control group maintained their usual daily activities. The program was developed through expert interviews (n=5), a focus group (n=10), and connoisseurship validation (n=7). Primary outcomes included static/dynamic balance, flexibility (Chair Sit and Reach Test), and lower-limb strength (5-Time and 30-Second Sit-Stand Tests). Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, independent t-tests, and ANCOVA, adjusting for baseline, with effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals reported.

Results: 1. The post-tests of the experimental group on balance force, flexibility, and lower limb muscle strength were significantly better than the pretests, while the differences in the control group were not significant. 2. The post-test comparison between the experimental group and the control group showed that the balance force, flexibility, and lower limb muscle strength tests of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group. 3. The confirmation of the taijiquan training program was regarded by experts as scientific and practical.

Conclusion: The taijiquan training program for the elderly was tested by experts for quality and considered to be scientific and practical in the experiment. The experimental results showed improvement and had statistically significant differences.

The Strategy of Sports Tourism Management in Putian City

2025-11-02T09:56:13+07:00

Background and Aims: Currently, the global sports tourism market is showing a strong growth trend, and the Chinese government has introduced supportive policies to promote the integration of sports and tourism. As a coastal city in Fujian Province, Putian City has rich natural and cultural resources, such as Mazu culture and Southern Shaolin martial arts. However, the development of sports tourism in Putian City is still relatively limited and lacks systematic management strategies. Therefore, this article will study the strategies for sports tourism management in Putian City in order to improve the management level of sports tourism and enhance its attractiveness. The purpose of this study is to: (1) study and analyze the current situation of sports tourism management in Putian City; (2) develop the strategy of sports tourism management in Putian City; (3) validate the feasibility of the strategy of sports tourism management in Putian.

Methodology: This study adopts research and development (R&D) methods. The main research tools are survey questionnaires and interviews. The sample of the survey questionnaire includes all domestic tourists in Putian City, and the interviewees are sports tourism experts, service providers, and relevant government officials. The author conducted a questionnaire survey of 400 tourists from five major scenic spots using a stratified sampling method, and then conducted in-depth interviews with 15 key informants, including scenic spot managers, business representatives, and government officials, using a stratified sampling method. Descriptive statistical analysis, including mean and standard deviation, SWOT analysis, and TOWS matrix to analyze the data. Finally, the study compiled strategies for sports tourism management in Putian City.

Results: Through SWOT analysis, TOWS matrix analysis, and integration through connoisseurship, the study ultimately developed 5 SO strategies, 4 ST strategies, 4 WO strategies, and 4 WT strategies. The strategy emphasizes the utilization of local advantageous resources, such as Mazu culture, Southern Shaolin martial arts, marine resources, and ecological assets, while addressing weaknesses in infrastructure, service quality, and talent shortages. Putian City needs to combine opportunities in regional cooperation and high-end tourism products to mitigate threats such as seasonal fluctuations, natural disasters, and intercity competition. The strategy aims to enhance the sports tourism brand and the sustainable development of Putian.

Conclusion: Overall, this study proposes a diversified development path for sports tourism management based on the natural resources, cultural heritage, and policy support of Putian City. This strategy emphasizes ecological sports corridors, high-end marine tourism complexes, the creation of intellectual property rights for intangible cultural heritage, intelligent management systems, and regional cooperation. These strategies utilize existing resources, combined with digital marketing, talent development, and sustainable practices, to create a unique sports tourism brand for Putian City. The strategy proposed in this article can provide suggestions for sports tourism managers in Putian City and also provide a reference for the development of sports tourism in similar cities, with theoretical and practical value.

Pedagogical Development and Cultural Promotion of Lisu Vocal Folk Songs in Chinese Universities

2025-11-20T09:17:40+07:00

Background and Aims: Lisu vocal folk songs are a vital part of China’s intangible cultural heritage and embody the Lisu people’s history, emotions, beliefs, and way of life. However, rapid modernization and the homogenization of music education in universities risk marginalizing this tradition, even as policy encourages bringing intangible cultural heritage into classrooms. This study aims to (1) evaluate the feasibility of integrating Lisu folk songs into university vocal teaching, (2) promote the inheritance and development of high-quality Lisu folk repertoire in Sichuan and across China, and (3) explore how Lisu folk songs can serve as systematic, school-based instructional materials that also encourage new creative works.

Methodology: A mixed-methods design was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were gathered through literature review, field observation, in-depth interviews with university teachers and folk music experts, and questionnaire surveys of college students. Qualitative analysis examined the cultural, historical, and artistic features of Lisu songs and pedagogical issues, while quantitative analysis focused on students’ attitudes, learning motivation, resource needs, and learning outcomes.

Results: Findings show high interest and participation among students: around 80–90% express strong enthusiasm for learning Lisu folk songs, recognize their cultural importance, and report improvements in musical literacy and aesthetic appreciation. Most students wish for more course hours, richer audio-visual materials, and direct contact with Lisu folk artists. Over half can identify basic musical characteristics and better understand the Lisu cultural background after instruction. Teachers and experts affirm the strong pedagogical value of Lisu folk songs but highlight constraints such as limited teaching materials, language barriers, and insufficiently trained faculty.

Conclusion: Integrating Lisu folk songs into university vocal curricula is both feasible and educationally beneficial. It strengthens students’ cultural identity, enriches vocal training, and supports the preservation and innovative development of Lisu musical heritage. To maximize impact, universities should develop systematic teaching materials, enhance teacher training, expand practical learning opportunities, and collaborate with local communities and cultural institutions to build sustainable platforms for the transmission and promotion of Lisu folk songs.

Reception and Satisfaction Toward the Public Relations Media of the Office of Academic Resources, Bangkokthonburi University

2025-11-08T08:41:30+07:00

Background and Aims: At present, access to reliable information and learning resources is a crucial factor in enhancing learning development, especially in universities, which serve as centers for research and the creation of new knowledge. Libraries play an essential role as repositories that collect, organize, and provide trustworthy information resources to support learning and research in response to social and technological changes. The Office of Academic Resources, Bangkok Thonburi University, functions as both a library and an online information center, offering services to Thai and international students as well as the public. It is therefore necessary to study exposure to and satisfaction with the Office’s public relations media to analyze the most effective communication channels and formats for reaching target audiences. The findings of this study will provide guidelines for developing more efficient communication strategies that meet users’ needs and further enhance the Office’s role in supporting learning and research. The objective of this research is to: (1) study exposure to the public relations media of the Office of Academic Resources, Bangkok Thonburi University, and (2) study satisfaction with the public relations media of the Office of Academic Resources, Bangkok Thonburi University.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 400 first-year undergraduate students from 15 faculties in the first semester of the 2024 academic year, selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a five-point rating scale questionnaire. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean (\bar{x}), standard deviation (S.D.), t-test, and One-way ANOVA.

Results: The results revealed that the overall level of exposure to the public relations media was high (\bar{x} = 3.91). The aspect with the highest mean score was the form of content (\bar{x} = 3.98), followed by the characteristics of content (\bar{x} = 3.91) and the form of activities (\bar{x} = 3.84). This indicates that the students were highly interested in following the information and activities of the Office of Academic Resources, particularly through online media and infographics, which were easy to understand and accessible. Overall satisfaction with the public relations media was also high (\bar{x} = 3.87), with the highest mean score in content (\bar{x} = 3.90), followed by media format (\bar{x} = 3.89) and communication channels (\bar{x} = 3.82). This reflects that the Office of Academic Resources has designed attractive and appropriate media and provides various communication channels such as Facebook, Line, and the university website.

Conclusion: Students with different demographic characteristics, including gender, age, faculty, domicile, and convenient service time, showed no statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level in their levels of exposure to public relations media. This indicates that the Office of Academic Resources communicates effectively and inclusively, reaching all target groups equally.

A Comparative Analysis of Indebtedness Among Government Personnel: Case Study of Phra Intharacha Subdistrict Municipality, Bang Pa-In District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province

2025-11-11T16:27:13+07:00

Background and Aims: Government personnel have a serious debt problem that affects their standard of living, security, and work productivity. Even while government personnel receive welfare benefits and regular paychecks, their debt is exacerbated by individual purchasing habits, a lack of financial management knowledge, and the ever-increasing cost of living. The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the level and composition of the debt burden among public sector personnel, (2) compare the differences in indebtedness by personal demographic factors (3) study the guidelines for resolving debt issues among government personnel.

Methodology: This study employed a Quantitative Research design, focusing specifically on the personnel, including civil servants, permanent employees, and general contract workers at Phra Intharacha Subdistrict Municipality in Chiang Rak Noi Sub-district, Bang Pa-in District, Ayutthaya Province. A sample size of 84 individuals was precisely determined using the Krejcie & Morgan formula. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire, which included descriptive statistics (Frequency, Percentage, Mean, and Standard Deviation. To evaluate the debt situation. To compare differences across independent variables consisting of three or more categories, the researchers employed One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Throughout the study, rigorous ethical standards were upheld, including obtaining prior informed consent from every participant, strictly maintaining data confidentiality, and guaranteeing the accurate and unbiased presentation of all results.

Results: The majority of personnel were female, between the ages of 21 and 30, had a bachelor's degree, and got a salary between 10,001 and 20,000 Thai Baht a month on average. The total amount of debt was moderate. The largest category of debt was necessary debt, which was followed by investment debt and excessive consumer debt. Individual characteristics like age, income, and years of service were found to have a major impact on debt.

Conclusion: The indebtedness of personnel in government agencies is observed to be moderate. The primary categories of debt include necessary expenditures such as regular living costs, consumption expenses, and educational fees. The observed patterns suggest that the existing income levels of government personnel are inadequate to meet the increasing cost of living. The debt burden faced by public-sector employees results from a combination of individual economic limitations and personal financial practices. Enhancing financial literacy, which includes knowledge, comprehension, and skills in personal financial management, is essential for preventing and mitigating indebtedness. The promotion of financial discipline, savings practices, and suitable investment strategies that correspond with individual income levels and financial capacities is crucial.

Innovation in Management of Community Hospitals in Health Region 9, Nakhon Chai Buri Province Group

2025-10-27T11:59:00+07:00

Background and Aims: This research aimed to 1) study the origins, processes, and factors associated with innovation in community hospitals; 2) study the problems and solutions for innovation implementation; and 3) study approaches for applying the prototype innovation to other hospitals.

Methodology: This research utilized a qualitative research methodology. Data were collected from 30 hospital administrators, personnel, civil society networks, and service recipients from five prototype hospitals in Nakhon Chai Buri Province. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: 1) Community hospital innovation originated from both top-down policies and bottom-up drivers. The innovations encompassed technological, process, and social aspects, such as the use of medical information systems, service network building, and public participation. Factors influencing innovation generation included six dimensions: transformational leadership, personnel knowledge and capabilities, organizational culture, social capital, public participation, and external support. 2) Problems and obstacles to innovation implementation included personnel and technology shortages, resistance to change, and policy discontinuity. Solutions included training and infrastructure development. And effective community communication. 3) Approaches for application to other hospitals should emphasize building collaborative networks, developing information systems, promoting leadership, analyzing the local context, and systematically transferring knowledge to ensure sustainability in community-level health service management.

Conclusion: Management innovation in community hospitals stems from both top-level policies and local issues, encompassing technological, process, and social issues. Key contributing factors include leadership, personnel competency, organizational culture, social capital, public participation, and external support. However, innovation implementation faces limitations in personnel and technology, resistance to change, and policy discontinuity. Therefore, it is necessary to develop personnel, infrastructure, and community communication. For application in other hospitals, collaborative networks should be built, information systems developed, leadership should be strengthened, local context analyzed, and knowledge should be systematically transferred to ensure sustainability.

Happiness at Work and Quality of Work Life among Nursing Assistants in a Private Hospital in Bangkok

2025-11-20T09:27:44+07:00

Background and Aims: Retention of nursing assistants is a critical success factor for private hospitals, where personnel often encounter high-pressure environments. This research aimed to 1) assess the levels of happiness at work and quality of work life (QWL), and 2) analyze the relative influence of personal factors and QWL factors on happiness at work among nursing assistants in a private hospital in Bangkok.

Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 129 nursing assistants selected via simple random sampling. The research instrument was a self-administered survey assessing happiness at work and quality of work life. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: Overall, happiness at work (\bar{x}= 4.37, S.D. = 0.36) and quality of work life (\bar{x} = 4.34, S.D. = 0.35) were at high levels. Female nursing assistants reported significantly higher happiness levels than males (p < .01). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that QWL factors significantly predicted happiness at work, accounting for 63.6% of the variance (R² = 0.636, p < .01). The most significant predictors were competency development (b = .275, p < .05) and growth and security (b = .250, p < .05).

Conclusion: Opportunities for professional growth and skill development were identified as the primary drivers of happiness. Consequently, administrators should establish clear career paths and systematic skill development programs to enhance staff happiness and retention.

Development of a Holistic Health Service Model for the Primary Health System in Maha Sarakham Province after transferring the Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital to the Provincial Administrative Organization

2025-11-30T13:22:23+07:00

Background and Aims: Thailand’s recent devolution of the 60th Anniversary Queen Sirikit Commemorative Health Stations and Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospitals to Provincial Administrative Organizations (PAOs) has substantially reshaped primary health care governance. In Maha Sarakham Province, this raises questions about how to sustain and strengthen holistic primary health care within a new administrative structure. This paper aims to (1) examine coordination mechanisms of local health networks for basic public health and primary care after transfer to the PAO, (2) identify conditional factors influencing holistic health service delivery in the primary health system, and (3) develop and validate a holistic health service model for the primary health system in Maha Sarakham Province following the transfer of primary care units.

Methodology: A mixed-methods study was conducted in four phases. Phase 1 used qualitative approaches—document review, Future Search Conference–based participatory workshops, and field studies—with 905 key informants to construct a conceptual framework and initial hypotheses. Phase 2 was action research using workshops that applied Future Search and PAOR cycles (Plan–Act–Observe–Reflect) with 520 participants across 13 districts to design and implement holistic primary care service models. Phase 3 was a quantitative survey of 400 public health executives and personnel sampled from 1,435 staff using structured questionnaires; data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression at a 0.05 significance level. Phase 4 comprised expert workshops with 20 purposively selected experts to verify the appropriateness and feasibility of the draft model using content analysis and analytic induction, with acceptance criteria of mean ≥3.50 and IR <1.5.

Results: Six core components of a holistic primary health service model were synthesized: (1) comprehensive health service system, (2) service provider system, (3) medical product system for primary care units, (4) financial and fiscal system, (5) health information system, and (6) governance system. Overall development of holistic health service delivery was rated at a high level (mean 4.24, SD 0.14). Eight key conditional factors significantly influenced model development: structural change in the primary health service system, internal management system, human resources, budget management, physical and material resources, information technology, coordination and participation of health network partners, and quality of work life. These eight predictors jointly explained 60.9% of the variance in holistic primary care service development (R = 0.714, R² = 0.609, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The validated holistic primary health service model consists of 6 main service components and 32 subcomponents, and 8 conditional factor components with 52 subcomponents. Experts rated the model as highly appropriate and feasible for implementation. The model offers a practical framework to guide policy formulation, capacity building, and strengthening of primary health care units under PAOs, supporting an integrated, equitable, and resilient primary health system in Thailand after the transfer of health facilities to local government.

Development of Context-based Learning Activities to Promote the Learning Achievement of Vocational Students

2025-11-05T07:07:59+07:00

Background and Aims: In the 21st century, vocational education plays a crucial role in producing skilled manpower to meet the demands of the rapidly changing labor market. The development of learners’ competencies, practical skills, and problem-solving abilities is therefore essential to prepare them for real-world employment situations. The purposes of this study were (1) to develop context-based learning activities to promote learning achievement. (2) To compare the learning achievement using context-based learning activities between the pre-test and the post-test. And (3) To study students' satisfaction with context-based learning activities to promote learning achievement.

Methodology: The sample was composed of 30 nursing students of Ganzhou Vocational School of Applied Technique. The whole random sampling was used to select 30 students in the first semester of 2025. Research tools are used in lesson plans, learning achievement tests, and satisfaction questionnaires. In data analysis included mean, standard deviation, and hypothesis testing using the t-test.

Results: The research results found that 1) the development of context-based learning activities to promote academic achievement received an average suitability score of 4.29 from the assessment of experts, indicating a high level of suitability; 2) students who studied using context-based learning activities had significantly higher academic achievement after studying than before studying at the .01 level; and 3) students who studied using context-based learning activities had a high level of overall satisfaction

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the context-based learning activities developed were highly appropriate and effective in enhancing students’ learning achievement. The post-test scores of the nursing students were significantly higher than their pre-test scores at the .01 level, demonstrating that context-based learning can meaningfully improve students’ understanding and academic performance. Furthermore, the students reported a high level of satisfaction with the learning activities, suggesting that integrating real-life contexts into instruction not only supports academic achievement but also increases learners’ engagement and positive attitudes toward learning. Therefore, context-based learning is a valuable instructional approach for promoting both cognitive and affective learning outcomes in vocational education settings.

Development of A Civil Law Course Based on Heuristic Teaching Method Combined with Case Teaching Method to Enhance University Students' Civil Dispute Resolution Ability and Students' Satisfaction

2025-11-03T14:44:59+07:00

Background and Aims: The civil law course was recognized by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China in 1999 as one of the 14 core courses in law, and education in civil law plays a key role in cultivating the awareness of the rule of law and legal literacy among contemporary college students. Civil law is also a legal course closest to the practical life of college students. However, the traditional civil law course suffers from three main problems: abstract theoretical knowledge and a wide range of legal texts involved, insufficient motivation of students to learn and high learning pressure, and insufficient ability to solve actual civil disputes, which leads to poor teaching effect of the course. Civil law studies possess the significant feature of "coexistence of abstraction and concreteness, and equal emphasis on theory and practice", which determines that civil law teaching not only needs to help students establish a systematic theoretical knowledge system but also cultivate their ability to apply legal knowledge to solve practical problems. In response to the three issues mentioned above in the civil law course, this article intends to start from constructing a brand-new teaching strategy, changing the traditional model of merely using the case teaching method or the heuristic teaching method for course instruction: although the case teaching method can provide vivid practical scenarios, it may lack theoretical depth; while the heuristic teaching method can guide students to think deeply, it may lack specific cognitive carriers. Empirical evidence shows that adopting a new teaching strategy that combines the case teaching method with the heuristic teaching method can form a virtuous cycle of "cases arouse interest—heuristic prompts thinking—interaction promotes internalization—transfer enhances ability", enabling students to mobilize comprehensive legal knowledge to solve real-world problems at a deep level. Students actively construct knowledge in the process of "analyzing cases - responding to questions - debating legal principles", while simultaneously improving their ability to apply the law and resolve civil disputes. This study aimed to (1) focus on the elements of the course, existing problems and theoretical foundations, and systematically sort out the background information of the civil law course in China; (2) develop the course based on heuristic teaching method and case teaching method to enhance students' civil dispute resolution ability and students satisfaction; (3) evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the civil law course in China based on heuristic teaching method and case teaching method.

Materials and Methods: This study used a pretest-posttest design to conduct an instructional strategy with 30 students (1 class) who took a course in civil law at Chongqing Polytechnic University of Electronic Technology in the second semester of the 2024-2025 academic year. Participants were selected through a cluster random sampling method. The new civil law course consisted of eight lesson plans focusing on the new instructional strategy based on the heuristic teaching method combined with the case teaching method. Data were collected using three instruments: 1) An assessment of the applicability of the eight lesson plans (M=4.87, SD=0.18); 2) A pretest-posttest paper focusing on students' civil dispute resolution ability (pre-test mean: M = 50.65, SD = 7.85; post-test mean: M = 86.32, SD = 5.32; Reliability 0.823); 3) A student satisfaction questionnaire (Reliability 0.936).

Results: The results showed that 1) existing problems of the current course were abstract theoretical knowledge and numerous legal provisions, low learning motivation and interest, resulting in high learning pressure, and the ability to resolve civil disputes through the knowledge of civil law is not high. 2)The new course adopts a new teaching strategy that combines heuristic teaching methods and case teaching methods. It integrates abstract legal knowledge into actual cases. Through methods such as inspiration and guidance, it enables students to shift from passively accepting knowledge to actively seeking legal support behind the cases, which greatly stimulates students' interest in learning and significantly improves students' Civil Dispute Resolution Ability. 3) Posttest scores of civil dispute resolution ability were statistically significantly higher than the pre-test scores with a significance level of 0.01 (t₂₉ = 21.23, p < 0.01) with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 3.88). Students’ satisfaction scores (M=4.49, standard deviation 0.55) were significantly higher than the standardized score of 3.51 (70%) (t₂₉ = 44.58, p < 0.01) at the 0.01 level of statistical significance, indicating that the course was extremely effective.

Conclusion: This study revealed that incorporating a new instructional strategy based on a heuristic teaching method combined with the case teaching method in a civil law course can effectively stimulate students' interest in learning and substantially improve college students' ability to apply their knowledge of civil law to resolve actual civil disputes. The findings contribute to course development by providing an innovative teaching model that can sustainably promote the enhancement of students' civil dispute resolution ability and increase students’ satisfaction. Future research should explore the long-term impact of this approach and its applicability across different disciplines.

Development of CIRC Cooperative Learning Activities to Enhance Learning Achievement for Five Grade Students

2025-11-08T09:06:08+07:00

Background and Aims: Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) is a structured cooperative learning model designed to enhance reading comprehension through social interaction and integrated language tasks. This study aimed to: 1) develop and validate CIRC-based learning activities for fifth-grade Chinese reading, 2) examine their effect on students' reading comprehension achievement, and 3) explore student satisfaction with the activities.

Methodology: This study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 40 fifth-grade students from a primary school in China. Research instruments included expert-validated CIRC lesson plans (IOC = 4.38/5), a 40-item reading comprehension test (KR-20 = 0.85), and a 10-item satisfaction questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired-sample t-test.

Results: The results of the study were as follows: 1) The development of CIRC cooperative learning activities to enhance learning achievement received an average suitability score of 4.38 from expert evaluation, indicating high appropriateness. 2) Students who studied using CIRC cooperative learning activities to enhance learning achievement had significantly higher reading ability after studying at the .01 level. 3) Students who learned using the CIRC cooperative learning activities had overall satisfaction at a high level

Conclusion: The developed CIRC cooperative learning activities are appropriate and effective in enhancing reading comprehension and fostering high satisfaction among fifth-grade students. The results support integrating structured cooperative learning into primary language education.

Research on the Characteristics and Design Strategies of Multimodal Interactive Design in Public Spaces (Immersive Experience)

2025-11-11T15:12:21+07:00

Background and Aims: This research looks at using stuff like AR, VR, and MR in making public spaces. The idea is to see how we can make people want to use this tech more and do cool things in places like public spaces. Through the study of different examples from around the world, we want to see how such technologies can make culture relevant and interactive, and make designs for space more innovative by coming up with different ways to improve the user's experience.

Methodology: The research employed a mixed-methods approach, that is, combining quantitative and qualitative research. In this study, 200 case studies were selected from various locations, including China, the USA, and France. The public spaces analyzed were the Louvre-Lens, France; the Forbidden City Museum, China; and the Tokyo National Museum, Japan. Data collection comprised field surveys (N=300), expert semi-structured interviews (N=30), and text mining from case-study documents. The cases chosen utilize AR/VR/MR, and if it is relevant to multimodal interaction design.

Results: From the analysis, it is found that some main conclusions can be drawn: among the cases that are analyzed, 85%have successfully used AR, VR, or MR technology to enhance user involvement, especially in museums and exhibitions. An example of a multimodal interaction framework pointed out 70%touch touch-based interfaces, 75% used AR-based navigation systems, and 65%VR installation being utilized. Public spaces that had incorporated local cultural narratives, like the Louvre-Lens and the Forbidden City Museum, had the highest levels of immersion and engagement, with 74% and 72%, respectively. 82%User survey preference for interactive experiences, especially with touchscreens, but less VR tech, especially for older users.

Conclusion: The study points out the way in which fully immersive multi-mode interaction can improve the experience of the public space. By merging AR, VR, and MR technologies together with user–centered design, public spaces can achieve more user engagement and interaction. The study gives practical ways to create public places where cool tech stuff, important culture stuff, and being easy to do are all mixed up together. It will add to building the understanding of how mixing digital and physical places changes the making and feeling of public places.

Relationship Between Visionary Leadership of School Administrators and Teachers’ Work Morale in Schools Under the Bangkok Metropolitan administration.

2025-12-02T15:00:25+07:00

Background and Aims: Thai educational quality development is guided by national laws and long-term strategies highlighting the crucial role of school administrators and teachers. Visionary Leadership is vital in this context, as it influences, motivates, and guides personnel toward organizational goals. The Challenge: Many schools, including those under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, which face frequent administrative turnover, suffer from a lack of clear visionary leadership. This deficiency in communicating goals, inspiring staff, and involving teachers in decision-making leads to low teacher motivation and weakened organizational commitment. Simultaneously, teacher morale is a key determinant of teaching effectiveness and is currently challenged in the BMA due to the high cost of living and heavy workloads. Significance: Enhancing administrators' visionary leadership is essential to establishing stable direction, boosting teacher morale, and ensuring sustainable educational development in BMA schools. This research aims: (1) to study the level of Visionary Leadership of school administrators in schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, (2) to study the level of Work Morale among teachers in schools under the BMA, and (3) to examine the correlation between the Visionary Leadership of school administrators and the Work Morale of teachers in schools under the BMA.

Methodology: The study employed a survey research method. The sample consisted of 370 teachers working in BMA schools. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Statistical analyses included percentages, means, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1) The Visionary Leadership of school administrators in the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) schools was found to be at a high level overall, 2) The Work Morale of teachers in BMA schools was found to be at a high level both overall and in every dimension (by aspect), and 3) The study of the relationship between the Visionary Leadership of school administrators and teacher Work Morale revealed a statistically significant positive correlation at the .01 level (p < .01, r = .792^**)

Conclusion: The research concluded that there is a statistically significant, high positive correlation ($p < .01$) between the Visionary Leadership of school administrators and the Work Morale of teachers in BMA schools. The study found that leaders who articulate a clear vision, inspire staff, and promote participation are instrumental in fostering commitment and intrinsic motivation among teachers. Consequently, school administrators are urged to prioritize the development of their visionary leadership capabilities. This includes consistently communicating the school's goals and strategic direction and creating opportunities for teachers to participate in planning and decision-making. Such practices will cultivate a strong sense of ownership and organizational trust, ultimately elevate teacher morale, and contribute to sustainable improvements in overall educational quality.

The Study of the Development Guideline of Change Management of School Administrators under Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

2025-09-22T12:34:10+07:00

Background and Aims: Due to the increasingly rapid and complex nature of change, organizations and institutions are required to adopt management approaches that enable them to adapt effectively. In the field of education in particular, change management has become a critical process for school administrators, as it serves as a tool that allows organizations to do so systematically and efficiently. This process encompasses strategic management, communication, team building, and organizational culture development. Recently, however, many school administrators still lack clear guidelines for leading their institutions in adapting to ongoing changes, which in turn affects the effectiveness of educational management in fully meeting the needs of society. This research aimed to 1) study the current and desired conditions of change management of school administrators, 2) study the needs of change management of school administrators, and 3) study Guidelines for developing change management of school administrators under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3.

Methodology: The study employed a mixed-methods research design. The sample consisted of 333 School administrators and teachers under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Statistical analyses included percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Priority Needs Index (PNI).

Results: The research found that: (1) The current situation of change management of school administrators under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 is overall at the moderate level. (2) The desirable conditions of change management of school administrators under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 are overall at the highest level. (3) The overall need prioritization index value is equal to 0.47. The need is ranked from most to least as follows: 1) Organizational Culture, 2) Teamwork, 3) Communication, and 4) Strategic Management. (4) Guidelines for developing the change management of school administrators under the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 have a total of 31 guidelines for the development of personnel management, which are generally at the highest level of appropriateness and at the highest level of feasibility.

Conclusion: These findings provide practical implications for policymakers and educational administrators to strengthen organizational culture and teamwork to enhance change management capacity. The study provides new practical guidelines specifically tailored for school administrators in the Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area 3, which can be adapted for similar contexts.

The Relationship Between Participative Management of Administrators and Teamwork of Teachers under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Trang, Krabi

2025-11-21T21:00:04+07:00

Background and Aims: Participatory management is an approach that provides opportunities for all stakeholders involved in educational administration to participate in thinking, working, and making decisions to achieve school goals. Teamwork is a management tool for various operations, enabling more efficient and rapid implementation. This research aimed to: 1) study the level of participatory management of school administrators; 2) study the level of teacher teamwork; and 3) examine the relationship between participatory management of school administrators and teacher teamwork.

Methodology: This research was a survey study. The sample consisted of 331 teachers under the Trang-Krabi Secondary Educational Service Area Office for the 2025 academic year. The sample size was determined using a proportional table from Krejcie and Morgan, and stratified random sampling was used, classified by school size, and then randomly selected by lottery. The research instrument was a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire with reliability coefficients of .891 and .950, respectively. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients.

Results: 1) The level of participatory management of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Trang Krabi was found to be high (\bar{x}=4.38). Overall, the highest mean level of participation. 2) The level of teacher teamwork under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Trang Krabi was also found to be high (\bar{x}=4.38). Overall, the highest mean value was found for mutual trust and confidence. 3) The relationship between participative management of administrators and teamwork of teachers under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Trang Krabi revealed a moderately positive relationship (r = .505**) with statistical significance at the .01 level.

Conclusion: The Relationship Between Participative Management of Administrators and Teamwork of Teachers under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Trang Krabi was overall positive. When administrators provide teachers with opportunities to participate in performance evaluations, it promotes greater team goal setting and cooperation.

The Concepts in Thai Cozy Mystery Novels: A Case Study of the Novel Series “Little Girl Keawalin” by Alina

2025-11-22T07:46:23+07:00

Background and Aims: The “Little Girl Keawalin” novel series by Alina is a cozy mystery, which is a subgenre of detective fiction. Through this series, Alina not only entertains readers with cozy detective fiction but also presents a diverse range of ideas. This article aims to analyze the ideas presented by the author in Thai cozy detective fiction, using the framework of literary theme presentation and focusing on the 10-volume “Little Girl Keawalin” series as a case study. The objective is to understand the value of cozy detective literature in expressing the author's perspectives.

Methodology: This qualitative research utilizes documentary analysis of the texts in Alina's 10-volume “Little Girl Keawalin” series. The process involves: 1) reviewing theoretical and related literature on idea presentation in literature; 2) studying cozy detective novels, both printed and e-books; 3) examining and selecting the cozy detective novel series “Little Girl Keawalin” by Alina as a representative study of the author's ideas as they appear through murder and investigation events. 4) analyzing the key ideas presented by the author through Alina's “Little Girl Keawalin” novel series; 5) presenting the results through descriptive analysis.

Results: The research results found that the concepts presented in the “Little Girl Keawalin” novels can be divided into two main groups: 1) Humanistic concepts, including the philosophy of life that truth cannot be hidden, that the outside is not the true self, and Attachment leads to suffering, life has value and dignity, and the concept of love, which emphasizes that love enhances happiness in life, and misguided love leads to wrongdoing. 2) Concepts related to society, regarding social development, provide benefits in terms of technology and the internet facilitate convenient and rapid access to information and news. Thai society in the era of globalization is an open space, where people need to learn new things. Social development creates problems in terms of technological development, leading to violence and bullying. Economic development has distanced interpersonal relationships. Excessive infiltration of foreign cultures has eroded Thai culture. And clinging to materialistic values or wealth has led to wrongdoing. Furthermore, the concept of social power has led to social inequality, and laxity has undermined social order and safety.

Conclusion: The “Little Girl Keawalin” novel series serves as a platform for Alina to present her concepts about humans and society, both positive and negative, by pointing out to readers the philosophy of living life for happiness and the benefits of social development. But on the other hand, Alina uses murder as a tool to present a critical attitude, criticizing human behavior or deviant values, or excessive social development as a driving force leading to tragedy, through storytelling in the style of cozy detective novels.

Resilience Theory and the Grassroots Economy in Thailand: A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Development

2025-09-25T10:08:42+07:00

Background and Aims: The grassroots economy is fundamental to Thailand’s socio-economic structure but continues to face challenges arising from economic fluctuations, natural hazards, and rapid technological change, all of which contribute to community vulnerability. This study aims to apply resilience-based concepts to develop a conceptual framework that strengthens the capacity of grassroots communities to withstand recover from and adapt to ongoing changes.

Methodology: This study employed a documentary analysis and conceptual synthesis. Key ideas related to resilience were examined in conjunction with contextual characteristics of Thailand’s grassroots economy to construct a comprehensive framework aligned with real community conditions.

Results: The findings indicate that resilience within the grassroots economy is shaped by several interconnected components, including system dynamic, community assets, adaptive capacity, innovation, risk management, participation, and policy integration. These elements were synthesized into the GRDM-7 (Grassroots Resilience Development Model), which comprises seven dimensions that function collectively to enhance community resilience.

Conclusion: The GRMD-7 model provides holistic conceptual framework for strengthening Thailand’s grassroots economy. It emphasizes the effective use of community assets, the development of adaptive capacity, the fostering of innovation, proactive risk management, inclusive participation, and integrated policy support, This model serves as a practical foundation for policymaking, community development, and area-based management aimed at promoting sustainable development.

Management Factors Related to Efficiency of Budget Utilization at Valaya Alongkron Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Pathum Thai Province

2025-11-17T14:53:32+07:00

Background and Aims: Management is related to the budget utilization efficiency of Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, This research aimed to: 1) study the level of management factors affecting the budget utilization of VRU; 2) study the level of budget utilization efficiency of VRU; and 3) examine the relationship between management factors and the budget utilization efficiency of Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of 287 academic and support personnel involved in budget management at VRU, Pathum Thani Province, selected via Stratified Random Sampling. Qualitative data were used to support the quantitative findings, gathered from 5 executives selected through Purposive Sampling for in-depth interviews. These key informants included the President, two Vice Presidents, the Director of the Office of the President, and a Dean. The research instrument was a questionnaire, validated for content validity (Index of Item–Objective Congruence: IOC) with values ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, and demonstrating a reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient) of 0.994. Statistics used for analysis included, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results: The findings revealed that: 1) Opinions regarding management in the planning aspect were at a high level. 2) Opinions on the budget utilization efficiency of Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, overall and in terms of time and cost, were at a high level. 3) Management factors overall showed a very high positive correlation with budget utilization efficiency, which was statistically significant at the .01 level (r = .939).

Conclusion: The factor with the highest correlation to efficiency was controlling, reflecting the importance of a robust monitoring and evaluation system. Conversely, despite the positive overall results, the factors of directing and workload received the lowest mean scores. This indicates significant opportunities for development, especially in leadership, motivation, and balancing personnel duties with responsibilities. This corresponds with the efficiency assessment, which also found that the workload aspect had the lowest mean score.

A Linguistic Analysis of Chinese Food Name Structures and the Culinary Culture of Thai-Hakka Descendants in Ban Huai Krabok Community, Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi Province

2025-08-16T07:47:51+07:00

Background and Aims: This study aims to investigate the structural and semantic components of Chinese food nomenclature and to explore the culinary culture of Thai individuals of Hakka descent residing in the Ban Huai Krabok community, Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi Province. A purposive sampling method was employed to select three informants aged 40 years and above, all of whom were born and raised in the local community and identified as Thai-Hakka. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews.

Methodology: The researcher collected Chinese food names by documenting signage from three local food establishments within the Ban Huai Krabok community, located in Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi Province. A total of 74 food name entries were gathered.

Results: The structural analysis revealed that the predominant form of food name construction is compound words (合成词), with the most common syntactic structure being noun + predicate, accounting for 41.89%. The food names were further classified into 11 distinct structural types based on culinary categories. Semantic analysis indicated three primary dimensions: (1) Culinary Dimension – Savory dishes predominantly feature pork and offal, whereas desserts are commonly made from various types of flour. (2) Cooking Method Dimension – There is a marked preference for cooked dishes over raw preparations. (3) Ingredient Dimension – Meat-based ingredients are favored over plant-based ones. Additionally, the study found that food names serve as cultural signifiers, reflecting traditional beliefs and values, particularly those associated with auspiciousness. This is evident in three aspects: 1) The auspicious connotations embedded in food names, 2) The symbolic significance of the food’s appearance, and 3) The integration of food into traditional customs and rituals.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the formation of Chinese food names predominantly follows compound word structures, with variations according to food type categories. From a semantic perspective, it is evident that the Hakka Thai community in Ban Huai Krabok prefers meat-based dishes, particularly those made from pork and pork offal, and tends to consume cooked rather than raw food. Furthermore, the naming of Hakka Chinese dishes in this community reflects cultural beliefs in auspiciousness, avoiding inauspicious or phonetically unpleasant words.