Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal

Components and Competency Indicators of Digital Banking Personnel in Thailand

Uthai Khaophuan — 2025-07-18

Background and Aims: The rapid transformation in the digital era has significantly impacted Thailand’s digital banking sector, highlighting the critical importance of developing personnel competencies. Bank personnel are required to possess skills that align with technological advancements, cybersecurity capabilities, and data management proficiency. These competencies are essential for ensuring efficient digital banking operations and maintaining competitiveness within a challenging environment. Thus, the objectives of this research are to 1) examine the essential competency components for digital banking personnel in Thailand, 2) develop indicators that reflect these competency components, and 3) establish guidelines for applying these components and indicators in the context of digital banking personnel in Thailand.

Methodology: This study employs a mixed methods research approach, with the sample comprising 500 employees from five commercial banks in Thailand. Data collection involved the use of questionnaires, in-depth interviews with five senior executives, and focus group discussions with 10 digital banking staff. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis.

Results: 1) Competency Components of Digital Banking Personnel in Thailand: The essential competencies consist of seven components: digital technology skills, digital problem-solving skills, teamwork communication skills, adaptability and continuous learning skills, responsibility for digital issues, customer service skills via digital systems, and data analysis skills for information management. 2) Development of Indicators Based on Digital Banking Personnel Competency Components in Thailand: A total of 35 indicators were developed, covering all seven competency components. The most crucial skill is digital technology knowledge, as it is the highest-rated competency among personnel and serves as a fundamental requirement for digital banking operations. 3) Guidelines for Applying Competency Components and Indicators for Digital Banking Personnel in Thailand: It is recommended that banks assess their specific digital needs to identify challenges and objectives, develop training plans with specialized experts, monitor and evaluate training outcomes, and implement continuous improvement strategies. This approach enables personnel to adapt and enhance their digital skills effectively.

Conclusion: The competencies of digital banking personnel in Thailand are of utmost importance, especially digital technology skills, which serve as a critical foundation for their work. Additionally, 35 competency indicators have been developed, helping banks assess and improve their staff's ability to cope with the changes in the digital era effectively. Banks should focus on analyzing their needs, planning specialized training, and continuously monitoring the results to develop digital skills in alignment with the advancements in the digital industry.

Legal Development of Fundraising Control Measures: Under the Fundraising Control Act, B.E. 2487

Waraluck Kaewsuphan — 2025-07-18

Background and Aims: To guarantee accountability and transparency in monetary contributions and to stop fraud and abuse, the legal development of fundraising control measures is essential. To protect donors, adhere to legal requirements, and maintain public confidence in political and nonprofit organizations, these regulations govern fundraising activities. This research aims to study and analyze the legal issues related to fundraising, focusing on the legal principles, concepts, and theories surrounding the regulation of fundraising, particularly the Fundraising Control Act, BE 2487, which has been in force for an extended period.

Methodology: This study is a research study of related documents, including concepts, and related theories, including the text of the Fundraising Control Act B.E. 2487.

Results: it is deemed necessary to propose improvements to the law as follows: (1) the definition of fundraising should be amended, as the current definition does not cover contemporary circumstances. (2) Regarding the actions of government officials, there is currently no legal authority to comprehensively inspect, regulate, or supervise fundraising activities. (3) The enforcement of the Fundraising Control Act, BE 2487, still lacks clear provisions on the regulations for fundraising in public spaces, which remain insufficient. A comparison with the laws of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Korea reveals that Thailand’s laws do not address advertising in various forms, nor do they provide for comprehensive control, monitoring, and post-approval state measures related to fundraising activities. Therefore, there is a need for amendments to ensure the provisions are more comprehensive and effective. (4) Section 9 of the Fundraising Control Act, BE 2487, does not include provisions for the storage of documents or evidence related to fundraising, nor does it address the need for accounting or reporting of financial records, including methods and time frames for reporting. Additionally, there is no stipulation regarding the maximum amount for fundraising. A more detailed comparative analysis of this issue is necessary. And (5) the facilitation of licensees may not be fully aligned with the current context, as the law does not specify timeframes for approvals, permits, or submission of documents to rectify incomplete evidence required for submission. The absence of such provisions contradicts the principle of facilitating the public under the Administrative Process Act of 2015. In addition, amending this law could further include provisions to regulate and monitor fundraising activities, ensuring transparency and the ability to audit fundraising efforts, thereby fulfilling the original objectives of the Fundraising Control Act.

Conclusion: The Fundraising Control Act needs to be changed to fix its current issues and align it with contemporary fundraising methods and international standards. These modifications will achieve the objectives of the law and align it with current administrative and societal demands by enhancing accountability, transparency, and regulatory oversight.

Development of Professional Lawyer Competency of Lawyers in the Court of Justice Region 3

Thirawoot Wachiramonowat — 2025-07-18

Background and Aims: Professional lawyer competency is necessary to uphold justice, ensure efficient legal representation, and protect clients' rights. It illustrates a lawyer's ability to navigate complex legal systems with skill and morality, ensuring justice and legal compliance. Thus, this paper aims to (1) study the level of professional legal competence of lawyers in the Court of Justice Region 3; (2) study the factors affecting the development of professional legal competence of lawyers in the Court of Justice Region 3; And (3) study the guidelines for developing legal competence in developing professional lawyers in the Court of Justice Region 3.

Methodology: A mixed-methods research design was used. The sample consisted of 374 corporate and independent lawyers in the Court of Justice Region 3 area. The target group for interviews was 20 presidents of the Lawyers Council in the Court of Justice Region 3 area. The research instruments were questionnaires and semi-structured interview forms. The research statistics included percentages, means, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, survey factor analysis, and qualitative data analysis by content analysis.

Results: (1) The level of professional legal competence of lawyers in the Court of Justice Region 3 was at the highest level overall, (2) Factors affecting the development of professional legal competence of lawyers in the Court of Justice Region 3 included materials, equipment, and tools, location, personnel, and cooperation of relevant agencies. In terms of the organization structure and budget, the relationship is between .326-.733, And (3) Guidelines for developing lawyer competency in developing professional lawyers in the Region 3 Court of Justice consist of (3.1) Organization structure: Establishing a company helps create clear standards and work structures, has a suitable and clear office structure, creates joint ownership, and brings together experts in various fields to establish a company, (3.2) Personnel: Organize teams and handle specific cases, have expertise in various types of cases, arrange positions in the office, develop personnel in administrative work, and continuously monitor and follow up on work, (3.3) Budget: Carefully plan expenses and income, prepare financial statements, set up an office in the form of a juristic person, and prepare financial documents and financial management transparently, (3.4) Location: Use more online channels, convenient locations near government offices, and have appropriate and complete spaces to support work. Good management in the office should have clear divisions of space. (3.5) Materials and equipment: Prepare equipment that supports work, and work that emphasizes the quality of work. Develop and create excellence in using quality materials and equipment, and use modern technology (3.6). Coordination of relevant agencies. Create knowledge and relationships in the area, participate in social activities and help society, create a credible image, and create networks in the legal profession.

Conclusion: The competence of professional lawyers in the Court of Justice Region 3 is at the highest level. Important factors affecting the development of competence include materials, equipment, locations, personnel, organizational structure, budget, and coordination. The development approach focuses on improving the organizational structure, personnel team, budget, locations, materials, and equipment, and creating cooperation for sustainability in the profession.

Effects of Health Literacy Programs for Preventing Falls of Older Adults and Walking Canes in Ban Don Mee Subdistrict Health Promotion Hospital, located in Wiang Sa-at Subdistrict, Phayakkhaphumphisai District, Mahasarakham Province

Oratai Yatpramot — 2025-07-18

Background and Aims: Each year, over one-third of the elderly experience falls, with 50% of them experiencing recurrent falls. The walking cane is the most commonly used mobility aid, especially among the elderly. However, improper and incorrect use is prevalent. About 80% of elderly users report increased confidence in movement when using a cane. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a health literacy program on fall prevention among the elderly, combined with the use of walking canes, at Ban Don Mee Health Promoting Hospital, Wiang Sa-at Subdistrict, Phayakkhaphum Phisai District, Maha Sarakham Province.

Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a one-group pretest-posttest design over a period of 8 weeks. The sample consisted of 50 elderly individuals who were selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria, including health screenings across nine dimensions and issues related to mobility. The research utilized the following tools: 1) a health literacy enhancement program focused on fall prevention in the elderly, combined with the use of a walking cane, 2) a personal information questionnaire for elderly participants, 3) a health literacy assessment, 4) a fall prevention behavior assessment, and 5) a balance evaluation consisting of the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and a four-stage balance test. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used for data analysis. The Paired Sample t-test was applied to compare the mean scores.

Results: The study found that after the experiment, participants showed a significant improvement in health literacy related to fall prevention (p-value<0.05). Their fall prevention behaviors also improved significantly compared to before the experiment, leading to enhanced balance abilities (p-value<0.05).

Conclusion: The implementation of a health literacy enhancement program for fall prevention in the elderly, combined with the use of walking canes, resulted in improved health literacy regarding fall prevention. This led to better fall prevention behaviors and enhanced balance ability compared to pre-intervention levels, ultimately reducing the risk of falls among elderly participants.

Knowledge Management for National Award-Winning Researchers of the Faculty of Political Science, Ramkhamhaeng University

Chatchaphanu Yimaon — 2025-07-18

Background and Aims: The purpose of this article is to propose Knowledge Management for National Award-Winning Researchers at the Faculty of Political Science at Ramkhamhaeng University. Existing empirical literature on knowledge management identified the characteristics and guidelines for creating a model to encourage academic personnel to participate in a community of practice. This model is the thinking community of “Sacred, Auspicious, and Dramatic words.” From this model, tacit knowledge was transferred to explicit knowledge by words connecting the experience of researchers.

Methodology: Documentary research is used to get accurate information about a piece of tacit and explicit knowledge to create a model to encourage academic personnel to participate in a community of practice. Next, utilize descriptive presentation techniques while analyzing and synthesizing the study's objectives.

Result: Academic personnel participated in a community of practice and proposed explicit keywords from tacit knowledge. These keywords are beneficial to get excellent research and competitiveness for National Award-Winning Researchers.

Developing Situation-based Learning Activities to Promote Learning Achievement for Students in Guangxi Textile Industry School

Huang Wei — 2025-07-18

Background and Aims: Because it allows students to connect abstract ideas to real-world scenarios, "developing situation-based learning activities" is essential for enhancing understanding and retention. It also develops students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills by exposing them to scenario-driven, realistic tasks that mimic real-world challenges. Thus, the purposes of this study were: (1) To develop effective learning activities using Situation-based learning activities to promote learning achievement with an efficiency the 75/75. (2) To compare the learning achievement of students studying using the Situation-based learning activities between pre-studying and post-studying. (3) To study student satisfaction with learning activities using Situation-based learning.

Methodology: The sample consists of 40 third-year students from the Guangxi Textile Industrial School during the first semester of 2024. Research tools are used in lesson plans, learning achievement tests, and satisfaction questionnaires. In data analysis, including percentages, means, standard deviations, and paired t-tests.

Results: Research results show that (1) Situation-based Learning Activities method. It has an efficiency value of 78.63/76.83, which is as specified by the researcher, which is 75/75; (2) Situation-based Learning Activities, there was a significantly higher learning achievement after studying than before studying at the .05 level; and (3) Students who study using Situation-based Learning Activities overall satisfaction was at a high level.

Conclusion: The study found that situation-based learning activities outperform preset standards in terms of learning effectiveness and achievement. The fact that the method significantly improves students' learning outcomes and produces high levels of overall satisfaction further demonstrates its pedagogical value.

Develop a Blood Sugar Control Model for Elderly Diabetes Patients Through a Participatory Planning technique (AIC) at Ban Srabak Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital, Phayakkhaphumphisai District, Mahasarakham Province

Jinnarut Pharaphan — 2025-07-19

Background and Aims: Ban Srabak's subdistrict health-promoting hospital caters to 622 elderly individuals, with 176, or 28.29%, receiving a diagnosis of diabetes (DM). In 2023, challenges in accessing public health services, such as consistent medication, regular blood sugar monitoring, and annual health checks, were identified. Additional issues included economic and environmental problems in communities. This study aims to develop a blood sugar control model for elderly diabetic patients through participatory planning (AIC) to enhance their quality of life and facilitate their comfortable integration into society.

Methodology: This research employed a participatory action research methodology, following the six-step AIC participatory planning process: 1) Understanding the situation, 2) Creating a vision, 3) Developing strategies, 4) Prioritizing activities, 5) Assigning responsibilities, and 6) Formulating plans/projects. The sample consisted of 122 participants: 35 elderly diabetic patients with uncontrolled blood sugar, 35 relatives/caregivers, 35 public health volunteers, and 17 healthcare professionals. Data were collected using a questionnaire that assessed four areas of self-care behavior in diabetic patients: diet, exercise, emotional management, and medication adherence. Blood sugar levels were measured before and after the 12-week intervention. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and a paired Sample t-test for comparing mean scores.

Results: The study found that: 1) The self-care model for elderly diabetic patients, their families, and healthcare teams is a holistic approach. It provides social support that helps patients recognize their self-worth, increase awareness, and empower them to make decisions regarding their health behaviors. This model successfully helps patients control their blood sugar levels. 2) After using the self-care model, patients significantly improved in health behaviors related to diet, exercise, and emotional management compared to before its implementation (p-value<0.05). Blood sugar levels showed a statistically significant improvement after the intervention (p-value<0.05).

Conclusion: The self-care health model for diabetic patients involves recording health behavior data in a personal diabetes handbook, with encouragement from family and follow-up from healthcare teams and village health volunteers. This approach has proven effective in helping patients successfully control their blood sugar levels.

The Causal Relationship Model of Artificial Intelligence Utilization in Academic Administration of The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1

Kewalin Buatippayanet — 2025-07-19

Background and Aims: By automating repetitive tasks, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into academic administration improves operational efficiency and frees up educators to concentrate more on research and instruction. AI also makes it easier to create individualized learning experiences, which improves overall educational results by customizing instructional materials to meet the needs of each student. Thus, the objectives of this research were to analyze the causal relationship model of artificial intelligence utilization in the academic administration of schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1. The specific objectives were to: 1) analyze components of AI utilization in academic administration, 2) analyze perception components of AI utilization in academic administration, 3) analyze AI skill components in academic administration, and 4) analyze the causal relationship model.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 200 school administrators and teachers under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1, selected through two-stage random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

Results: The finding showed: 1) AI utilization in academic administration comprised 3 main components: curriculum development, instruction management, and evaluation, with the highest overall mean level; 2) Perception of AI utilization consisted of 3 components: perceived usefulness, ease of use, and attitude toward use, with the highest overall mean level; 3) AI skills consisted of 3 components: basic knowledge, application, and problem-solving; 4) The causal relationship model analysis revealed: a) model fit with empirical data, b) most components had factor loadings between 0.837-0.853 with high reliability, c) all variables showed positive correlations with correlation coefficients between .007-.195, statistically significant at .01 level.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes AI's diverse role in academic administration, emphasizing how it has a big impact on evaluation procedures, instructional management, and curriculum development. In order to successfully integrate AI technologies in educational settings, it also highlights the significance of stakeholders' perceptions, including perceived usefulness, ease of use, and attitudes toward AI, as well as the need for proficiency in AI skills like fundamental knowledge, application, and problem-solving.

Effects of QtA Strategy on English Reading Comprehension and Social Skills of Grade 11 Students

Preeyaporn Hongthong — 2025-07-19

Background and Aims: Reading is an essential tool for gaining knowledge and developing skills necessary for education, self-improvement, and life success. However, high school students in Thailand face challenges in English reading comprehension. Teachers should develop teaching strategies to help learners achieve their reading goals. QtA (Questioning the Author) is one such strategy that focuses on improving reading comprehension by encouraging students to interact with texts through questioning and discussion. Additionally, it may enhance students' social skills through interaction with others during the learning process. The researcher is interested in conducting this study with the objectives of this experimental research were to 1) compare English reading comprehension of grade 11 students before and after learning management using QtA strategy, 2) compare English reading comprehension of grade 11 students after learning management using QtA strategy to the criterion of 70 percent, and 3) study social skills of grade 11 students from learning management using QtA strategy.

Methodology: The sample group used in this study consisted of 40 students in grade 11, obtained by cluster random sampling, during the first academic year of 2024 at Boonwattana School, Mueang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province. The research instruments used in this study were six lesson plans, with 2 hours for each: a total of 12 hours for the experiment, an English reading comprehension test, and a social skills assessment form. Data was then analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

Results: Results of the study revealed that 1) The English reading comprehension of grade 11 students was significantly improved after learning management using QtA strategy at a statistical significance of .05 level, 2) The English reading comprehension of grade 11 students after learning management using QtA strategy was significantly higher than the designated criterion of 70 percent, with a statistical significance of .05 level, and 3) The social skills of grade 11 students from learning management using QtA strategy were at a good level.

Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that the QtA strategy can improve the English reading comprehension and interpretation of grade 11 students, aligning with the author's intended message. This improvement occurred because students used their critical thinking to connect prior knowledge and construct meaning through carefully selected questions posed by the teacher. Additionally, the collaboration in discussions between the teacher and students further enhanced social skills, which were rated at a good level.

The Guidelines of Early Childhood Education Management for Area Development of Schools with Best Practice in the Southern Andaman Provincial Cluster

Arisa Kadam — 2025-07-19

Background and Aims: The development of early childhood education is a fundamental foundation for future educational progress, directly influencing the quality and efficiency of education, and supporting sustainable spatial development. Therefore, approaches to early childhood development are critically important. This research aims to 1) examine the current conditions and desired states of early childhood education management for spatial development in schools with best practices in the Andaman southern provinces. 2)Propose guidelines for managing early childhood education to promote spatial development in schools with best practices in the Andaman southern provinces.

Methodology: The research employs a quantitative research methodology. The sample group consists of 92 participants, including school administrators, teachers, and other stakeholders. The sample size was determined using purposive sampling. The research instrument is a questionnaire designed to assess the current and desired states of early childhood education management for spatial development in schools with best practices in the Andaman southern provinces. The questionnaire uses a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical tools used for data analysis include mean, standard deviation, and the priority needs index (PNI).

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1)The current state of early childhood education management for spatial development in schools with best practices in the Andaman southern provinces was rated at a high level overall and across all aspects (µ = 4.00). The desired state was rated at the highest level overall and across all aspects (µ = 4.86). 2)The proposed guidelines for managing early childhood education for spatial development in schools with best practices in the Andaman southern provinces, based on an analysis of the necessity index, identified the highest necessity in the aspect of building understanding and fostering collaboration between schools and parents in the development of children (PNI_Modified = 0.23).

Conclusion: The analysis of the current and desired states of early childhood education management for spatial development in schools with best practices in the Andaman southern provinces revealed that holistic child development through meaningful play ranked highest.

The analysis of the necessity for proposing guidelines for managing early childhood education for spatial development indicated that the most critical area of need was building understanding and fostering collaboration between schools and parents in child development. This highlights the importance of creating a learning process that actively involves parents, families, early childhood development centers, and communities in planning, supporting educational materials, participating in activities, and evaluating child development. Such collaboration is essential for promoting high-quality and sustainable spatial educational development.

The Effects of 9-Square-Stepping Training on Forehand Shots in Badminton

Sukrit Ritthitham — 2025-07-19

Background and Aims: Badminton is a sport that requires training in the correct basic skills because it is an important aspect of playing the sport. Badminton is another sport that requires training in correct basic skills before going on to train skills to develop advanced skills. Therefore, this research aims to 1) study the effects of a nine-square training program on forehand skills in badminton, and 2) study the development value of using a nine-square training program on forehand skills in badminton.

Methodology: The sample group used in the research was 10 badminton players of the RTT BADMINTON club who had problems in movement, arm-eye coordination, and forehand skills. The data collection tools were a forehand skill test and a nine-square training program created by the researcher. The mean and standard deviation of the scores from the badminton forehand skill test were analyzed, and the ability development scores from the overhead forehand skill test in badminton were calculated before and after training.

Results: 1. From the study of the nine-square training program that affects the forehand skill in badminton, it was found that the mean and standard deviation of the scores from the test to develop forehand skill before and after training from the test were 23.4 and 9.27 before training, but after training, the students’ mean increased to 31 and 7.42. 2. From the study of the nine-square training program that affects the forehand skill in badminton, it was found that the development scores after training on the test to develop forehand skill in badminton before and after training were higher for everyone, with the highest development value of +12 and the lowest development value of +1.

Conclusion: 1) The experimental group had a significantly higher mean score after training than before training at the .05 level. 2) The development score was significantly higher at the .05 level. It can be concluded that the effect of the nine-square training program has an effective effect on the forehand hitting skill in badminton.

Effects of Learning Management Using the Open Approach and Learning Management Think-Pair-Share Technique on Learning Achievement and Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability of Mathayomsuksa II Students

Aekapong Hemathulin — 2025-07-19

Background and Aims: The Open Approach and learning management Think-Pair-Share technique is a learning arrangement that promotes students' learn Mathematics achievement and Mathematical problem-solving ability effectively, uses the Open Approach that includes building systematic problem-solving skills and encourages collaborative work, and uses the Think-Pair-Share to create motivation for learning. The purposes of this research were: 1) to compare students’ mathematics achievement after using the Open Approach and learning management Think-Pair-Share technique with a 70 percent criterion, and 2) to study mathematical problem-solving ability after using the Open Approach and learning management Think-Pair-Share technique with a 70 percent criterion.

Methodology: The subjects of this study were 28 students in Mathayomsuksa 2/1 in the second semester of the 2023 academic school year at Phuwiengwittayakhom School, Khon Kaen Province. They were selected by Purposive Sampling. The instruments were: 8 lesson plans, a mathematics achievement test with a reliability of .93, and a mathematical problem-solving ability test with a reliability of .79. The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

Results: 1) The Mathematics achievement of the sample group after obtaining an Open Approach with Think-Pair-Share techniques was higher than the 70 percent criterion at a .05 level of statistical significance. 2) The Mathematical problem-solving ability of the sample group after obtaining an Open Approach with Think-Pair-Share techniques was higher than the 70 percent criterion at the 0.05 level of statistical significance.

Conclusion: The findings show that using the Open Approach in conjunction with the Think-Pair-Share technique increases students' Mathematics achievement and enhances their problem-solving skills. To encourage students' Mathematics learning management and problem-solving skills, it is therefore recommended to combine the Open Approach with the Think-Pair-Share technique. Moreover, by encouraging collaborative work, this method promotes both the academic and personal growth of students.

Conducting Oneself in Accordance with the Professional Ethics of University Professors

Kornnapa Yativisut — 2025-07-19

Background and Aims: A study of the level of conducting oneself by the professional ethics of lecturers is useful for educational administrators, lecturers, and educational personnel to examine themselves on their level of lecturers professional conduct and is useful for planning and setting policies for developing teachers or lecturers in universities, including helping to develop the quality of students according to professional ethics more successfully. The purposes of this study were to (1) study the level of conducting oneself by the professional ethics of lecturers, and (2) compare the conducting oneself by the professional ethics of lecturers classified by gender, age, educational levels, and work experience.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 350 lecturers who had taught at Ramkhamhaeng University (Hua Mak). A stratified random sampling was used. The research instrument was the rating scale questionnaire. The data were analyzed by frequency, percent, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA.

Results: (1) The levels of conducting oneself by the professional ethics of overall lecturers were always (\bar{x} = 3.78, S.D.= .298). When considering each aspect, it was found that there was a level of practice in every aspect. The average professional ethics was at its highest level (\bar{x} = 3.86, S.D.= .273), ethics for service recipients (\bar{x} = 3.81, S.D.= .302), ethics to professional associates (\bar{x} = 3.80, S.D.= .298), ethics for society (\bar{x} = 3.61, S.D.= .488), and ethics towards oneself (\bar{x} = 3.81, S.D.= .343) respectively, (2) The comparison of conducting oneself by the professional ethics of lecturers classified by gender, age, educational levels, and work experience showed that: 1) Lecturers with different sexes conducting oneself by professional ethics in component of an ethics towards oneself, ethics to professional associates, and ethics for society were significantly different at the .05 level. 2) Lecturers of different ages conducted themselves by professional ethics in components of an ethics towards oneself, professional ethics, ethics to professional associates, and ethics for society were significantly different at the .05 level. 3) Lecturers with different educational levels conducted by professional ethics in components of professional ethics, ethics for service recipients, and ethics for professional associates were significantly different at the .05 level. 4) Lecturers with different work experiences conducted themselves by professional ethics in every aspect were significantly different at the .05 level.

Conclusion: This study showed that Ramkhamhaeng University lecturers always conduct themselves by professional ethics in every aspect. Because of the work in the lecturer's profession, having morality and ethics will be respected by students, accepted by parents, and supported by colleagues and supervisors, leading to advancement in work and career.

Compensation for Damages from the Use of Public Health Services without Proving Liability: Thailand-Kingdom of Sweden-USA Comparison

Porntap Aonrat — 2025-07-19

Background and Aims: Compensation for damages resulting from healthcare services is an important process in ensuring fairness and trust in healthcare systems around the world. Many countries have developed mechanisms to allow patients to receive compensation for damages resulting from medical treatment without having to prove the fault of the medical personnel or the institution, which is an approach that can reduce conflict and increase confidence in accessing health care services.

Methodology: This study is a literature review study related to the study of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The content analysis was conducted, and the descriptive presentation was presented according to the important issues.

Results: A comparison of compensation systems for healthcare losses in three countries: Thailand, Sweden, and the United States. It considers the different approaches, principles, and mechanisms for compensation in each country, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these systems, to provide an overview of the approaches each country takes to care for patients affected by health care.

Conclusion: Studying compensation in each country will help understand differences in medical systems and management of medical risk, and may lead to the development and improvement of compensation systems that better meet the needs of patients in the future.

Developing Tourism Based on Soft Power Influencing the Decision-Making of Travelers to Lesser-Visited Provinces in the Central Region of Thailand

Jeeranan Leoni — 2025-07-19

Background and Aims: The role and importance of the tourism industry are like an engine driving the global economy, generating a major income for many countries in the world, including helping to reduce poverty rates, especially in developing countries. The research aimed to 1) study the factors influencing tourists' decision-making, 2) analyze the structural equation model of the causal factors influencing tourists' decision-making, and 3) explore appropriate tourism development approaches based on soft power.

Research Method: This study employed a mixed-method approach. The quantitative research used Thai tourists who had previously traveled to secondary cities in the central region of Thailand, which is considered an infinite population. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, and 400 participants were selected using convenience sampling, while the qualitative research involved in-depth interviews with 21 tourism stakeholders. The study area covered seven lesser-visited provinces in the Central Region of Thailand.

Results: The results of this research showed that (1) the soft power identity and image perception of tourism had a positive direct effect on tourists' decision-making to travel to lesser-visited provinces, and the image perception of tourism indirectly influenced tourists' decision-making to travel to lesser-visited provinces through their attitude toward tourism. (2) The model of the causal factors influencing tourists' decision-making had the goodness of fit, showed the empirical data of c² = 80.715, df = 70.0, CMIN/df = 1.152, P-value = 0.178, CFI = 0.998, GFI = 0.984, AGFI= 0.953, RMR = 0.010, RMSEA = 0.018 NFI = 0.993 and IFI = 0.998. The model is consistent with the empirical data based on a harmonized index of all accepted criteria. (3) The guidelines for developing tourism based on soft power that are suitable for the context of lesser-visited provinces in the Central Region should focus on utilizing soft power that connects cultural identity, history, community lifestyle, and natural resources in each province. This should be complemented by promoting and developing facilities to accommodate tourists, as well as employing technology and digital media to reach a broader audience of travelers.

Factors Affecting Morale and Morale in the Performance of Funeral Service Personnel Bestowed Under the Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Culture

Chatchai Juntae — 2025-07-19

Background and Objectives: Morale is an important factor affecting the efficiency and quality of personnel work, especially in work related to royal funeral ceremonies, which are important in terms of culture and preservation of the honor of the deceased. The objectives of this research are (1) to study the level of morale and spirit of personnel in the Royal Funeral Ceremony Division, Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Culture; (2) to determine the factors affecting the morale and spirit of personnel in the Royal Funeral Ceremony Division, Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Culture; and (3) to study recommendations on factors affecting the morale and spirit of personnel in the Royal Funeral Ceremony Division, Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Culture.

Research Methodology: Quantitative research was used. The sample group consisted of 345 personnel from the Royal Funeral Ceremony Division, using Taro Yamane's formula. The research instrument was a rating scale questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, frequency, standard deviation, and linear multiple regression analysis.

Results of the Study: (1) The level of morale and encouragement in the working of the personnel of the Royal Funeral Ceremony Division, Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Culture, is at a high level overall. (2) Factors affecting the morale and encouragement in working of the personnel of the Royal Funeral Ceremony Division, Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Culture, including job security factors, recognition factors, policy and management factors, and work success factors, can predict the morale and encouragement in working of the personnel of the Royal Funeral Ceremony Division, Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Culture, at 77.20 percent with a statistical significance level of .05. (3) Recommendations include (3.1) Work success, clear roles, training, and skills development. (3.2) Recognition and respect: appreciation, gratitude, creating a culture of respect and trust. (3.3) Work description, time management, support for problem-solving, and fair distribution of work. (3.4) Responsibility, clear work assignment, follow-up system, and creating ownership. (3.5) Work advancement, clear career path, transparent development, and evaluation. (3.6) Appropriate salary, welfare, and transparent evaluation. (3.7) Work relationships. Build good relationships, give advice, communicate openly (3.8) Policies and management are flexible, transparent, and open to participation (3.9) Working conditions: a safe environment, modern equipment, promoting collaboration (3.10) Governance and command: leaders are role models, support collaboration (3.11) Job security: career path, adequate benefits, continuous skills development

Conclusion: The overall morale and motivation of the royal funeral ceremony personnel are high. The main factors affecting morale and motivation include job security, recognition, policies and management, and job success, which can predict the morale and motivation of personnel up to 77.20%. Additional suggestions: Develop an evaluation and reward system, promote learning and self-development, create a good working environment, communicate consistently and transparently, give importance to personnel opinions, and create career stability.

Factors Affecting the Participation of the People in the Operation of Srabua Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Pathumrat District, Roi-et Province

Siriporn Rachasombat — 2025-07-19

Background and Aims: In order to promote accountability and openness in decision-making processes and guarantee that projects and policies represent the many needs and viewpoints of the community, public engagement is crucial. It increases public-government confidence, fosters inclusivity, and empowers citizens. This research aimed to 1) study the level of public participation in the operation of the Srabue Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Pathumrat District, Roi Et Province; 2) study the factors affecting public participation in the operation of the Srabue Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Pathumrat District, Roi Et Province; and 3) study the recommendations on public participation in the operation of the Srabue Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Pathumrat District, Roi Et Province.

Methodology: The sample group was 377 people. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: The research results found that 1) the level of public participation in the operation of the Srabue Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Pathumrat District, Roi Et Province was at a high level overall. 2) Factors affecting public participation in the operation of the Srabue Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Pathumrat District, Roi Et Province included factors pushed from other people, factors of the physical environment, and factors within the individual. The multiple correlation coefficient of .933 can jointly explain the variation of 86.90 percent with statistical significance at the .05 level. 3) Suggestions on factors affecting public participation in the operations of the Sara Bua Subdistrict Administrative Organization should create safety in expressing opinions in participating in the implementation of various projects. There should be environmental stimulation. Community leaders should push, present various projects, and provide warnings to motivate participation in activities. The public interest must be considered by looking at the improved quality of life from participating in various activities or projects. In community development, awareness of the importance of participation in operations should be created.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes how interpersonal, contextual, and personal elements all contribute to the high degree of public involvement in the functioning of the Srabue Subdistrict Administrative Organization. Enhancing leadership support, environmental stimulation, and safety in expression can all help to increase engagement and promote significant community development.

The Effects of the Depression Prevention Program for the Elderly at Ban Don Lee Health Promotion Hospital, Nong Bua Kaew Subdistrict, Phayakkhaphumphisai District, Mahasarakham Province

Watcharee Kaewmukda — 2025-07-20

Background and Aims: Depression among the elderly is increasing every year, leading to both physical and psychological suffering, as well as impairing their relationships with others. It also results in self-neglect, deteriorating health, and an increased risk of disability, which reduces their quality of life. This study aimed to study the effect of a depression prevention program in the elderly at Ban Don Li Subdistrict Health Promotion Hospital, Nong Bua Kaeo Subdistrict, Phayakkhaphum Phisai District, Maha Sarakham Province.

Methodology: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a Pretest-Posttest two-group design conducted from December 2023 to August 2024 to examine the effects of a depression prevention program for the elderly in the area under the responsibility of the Ban Don Lee Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital, Nong Bua Kaew Subdistrict, Phayakkhaphumphisai District, Mahasarakham Province. The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group of 48 elderly individuals and a comparison group of 48 elderly individuals. The experimental group participated in the depression prevention program, while the comparison group received usual care and services. The research tools included the depression prevention program for the elderly and data collection instruments such as a general information questionnaire, a depression assessment scale, the 8Q suicide risk assessment, and a mental health literacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. For normally distributed data, the Paired t-test and Independent t-test were used.

Results: The results showed that after participating in the program, the experimental group had a statistically significant decrease in depression scores compared to before the program (95% CI = -0.25 to 2.62, p-value < 0.05). The comparison group also showed a statistically significant change (95% CI = -1.73 to 2.44, p-value < 0.05). There was no tendency for suicide among the elderly, and the experimental group showed a significant increase in mental health literacy scores compared to before the program (95% CI = 0.57 to 1.09, p-value < 0.05), which was also significantly higher than the comparison group (95% CI = -0.65 to -0.05, p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion: The developed program is effective in preventing depression among the elderly. Therefore, it is recommended that the program be expanded to other groups, such as those with chronic diseases or stroke patients.

Study and Analysis of Original Content Characteristics in Thai Movies on Netflix

Wasuthon Phanpanich — 2025-07-20

Background and Aims: Netflix is a streaming platform that plays a significant role in distributing films and series worldwide. This research aimed to: (1) study the narrative formula in Thai films that are Netflix Original Content, (2) analyze the characteristics and components of Thai films that are Netflix Original Content, and (3) understand the concept behind creating Thai films that are Netflix Original Content.

Methodology: A qualitative research approach, analyzing eight Thai Netflix Original films and conducting in-depth interviews with six experts in the film industry, including creators, directors, and critics. The findings are presented descriptively.

Results: 1) The narratives of Thai Netflix Original films blend traditional storytelling conventions with new elements. The plots are complex, reflecting Thai social identity through symbols and mysteries. 2) The cinematic elements emphasize attention to detail across all dimensions, including diverse plotlines, themes reflecting ethics and depth, psychologically complex characters, and settings that enhance the story's dimensions. And 3) The production of these films integrates Thai culture with universal themes to attract diverse audiences and elevate production standards through collaboration with Netflix, addressing the preferences of modern viewers.

Conclusion: Thai films in the Netflix Original Content category stand out with their diverse storylines, profound characters, and themes that creatively address social issues. The contemporary presentation of Thai culture enhances global competitiveness and opens new opportunities for the Thai film industry.

Development of Learning Achievement in Difficult Words Spelling Through Brain-Based Learning (BBL) Combined with Educational Games for Grade 4 Students

Rosesarin Wongsa — 2025-07-20

Background and Aims: The development of learning achievement in difficult word spelling through Brain-Based Learning (BBL) combined with educational games for Grade 4 students aimed to: 1) develop Brain-Based Learning (BBL) activities combined with educational games for teaching difficult word spelling to Grade 4 students to achieve the efficiency criterion of E1/E2 = 80/80; 2) compare students' spelling skills before and after learning through Brain-Based Learning (BBL) combined with educational games; 3) compare students' spelling skills after learning through Brain-Based Learning (BBL) combined with educational games against the criterion of 80%; and 4) study students' satisfaction with learning through Brain-Based Learning (BBL) combined with educational games.

Methodology: The target group was 18 students in Prathomsuksa Four in the first semester of the academic year 2024. The research tools included: 1) six learning activity plans; and 2) a multiple-choice achievement test on difficult word spelling with 36 items. The test difficulty indices ranged from 0.40-0.80, the discrimination indices ranged from 0.41-0.87, and the reliability value was 0.9687 and 3) a set of 3 rating scale questionnaires on student satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed by using mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

Results: 1) The effectiveness of learning activities on difficult word spelling managed by Brain-Based Learning (BBL) and education games was E1/E2 = 80.74/80.40, which met the specified criteria of 80/80. 2) The post-test scores of students were significantly higher than the pre-test scores at the criteria at .01 significance level. 3) The post-test scores also exceeded the 80% criterion at the .01 significance level. 4) Students' satisfaction with the learning activities was at the highest level (\mu= 4.56, \sigma= 0.12).

Conclusion: Brain-based learning combined with educational games was effective in meeting the specified criteria of 80/80, improving students' spelling skills after learning to a level higher than before and above the 80% criterion, and achieving the highest level of student satisfaction.

Public Service Provision of Hin Tang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province

Phattharapong Sathitchon — 2025-07-20

Background and Objectives: Public service provision is one of the main missions of local administrative organizations that play an important role in developing the quality of life of people in the area. The research aims (1) to study the level of public service provision of Hin Tang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province, (2) to compare public service provision of Hin Tang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province classified by gender, age, education level, occupation, and village of residence, and (3) to study recommendations on public service provision of Hin Tang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province.

Research Methodology: Quantitative research was used. The sample group was 377 people aged 18 years and over in the Hin Tang Subdistrict Administrative Organization by using Taro Yamane's formula. The research instruments were rating scale questionnaires. The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, frequency, and standard deviation. The performance of work was compared by gender using a T-test and by age, education level, occupation, and village of residence using One-Way ANOVA.

Results of the Study: (1) The public service provision of Hin Tang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province was at a high level overall, (2) The public service provision of Hin Tang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province was compared by gender, age, education level, occupation, and village of residence. There is no difference in public service provision, And (3) recommendations on public service provision of Hin Tang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province, include: Develop roads and transportation routes, provide sufficient public electricity, improve drainage system, develop public parks or green areas, develop sustainable agriculture and safe agriculture and increase the potential for agricultural product processing, campaign for disease prevention and health promotion, develop community learning centers, promote drug problem solving, develop welfare for vulnerable groups, promote local arts and handicrafts, integrate education and culture in schools, including support for volunteer activities, organize community cleaning activities, garbage collection and landscape improvement in public areas, repair and maintain irrigation canals and establish community water user groups, create channels for public information disclosure, provide important information on budgets, development projects and promote public participation in expressing opinions and needs.

Conclusion: The public service provision of Hin Tang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province is at a high level. A comparison of public service provisions classified by gender, age, education level, occupation, and village of residence found no difference. Recommendations: Develop roads, transportation, public electricity, and drainage systems, increase green areas, and public parks and promote sustainable agriculture, promote health, prevent disease, develop learning centers, support local arts, education, culture, and volunteer activities, develop welfare for vulnerable groups, and solve drug problems. And manage waste, improve landscapes, maintain irrigation canals, establish water user groups, create channels for disclosing public information, and promote public participation.

Youth Participation in Combating Corruption in The Public Sector

Phannakorn Sonwa — 2025-07-20

Background and Aims: Academic articles on youth participation in combating corruption in the public sector are essential to support and strengthen the principles of good governance and transparency in public sector operations. In addition to issuing rules, regulations, or regulations for general operations, to encourage youth participation in combating corruption in the public sector to create efficiency in organizational management and the work of internal auditors, to make them aware of the dangers of corruption or misconduct in their agencies, guidelines for auditing and preventing corruption in the public sector have been developed as a tool for auditing and evaluating the efficiency of operations in government agencies. The focus is on controlling behaviors that may indicate opacity of government officials to help solve corruption problems from the beginning, which will help and be consistent with good governance. This article aims to present guidelines for youth participation in combating corruption in the public sector.

Methodology: This study is a study of documents and related research. The author analyzed and synthesized them with a presentation according to the study objectives.

Results: The approaches for youth participation in anti-corruption include (1) education and awareness, (2) empowerment and capacity building, (3) participation in decision-making, (4) support for active citizenship, and (5) utilization of technology.

Conclusion: The findings highlight five crucial strategies for involving young people in anti-corruption initiatives: raising awareness and educating them, empowering them with knowledge and resources, involving them in decision-making, promoting active citizenship, and utilizing technology. Together, these tactics promote accountability, openness, and significant youth participation in the fight against corruption.