Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal

The Role of School Administrators in the Implementation of the Student Care and Support System of Schools Under the Office of Special Education Administration, Northeastern Region

Kritsada Phaphrom — 2026-01-04

Background and Aims: The Thai education system today faces numerous challenges due to the rapid advancement of Thai society in various aspects, particularly in the areas of economy, culture, and technology, all of which have become increasingly influential in the lives of children and youth. The progress of science and technology has brought about significant changes in many areas. The student support system is an educational process within schools that focuses on promotion, prevention, and problem-solving, aiming to enhance the quality of life and development of every student. The objective of this research is to study and compare the level of opinions of personnel regarding the role of school administrators in implementing the student support system in schools under the Special Education Administration Office of the Northeastern Region, classified by education level and position. Additionally, the research aims to explore ways to develop the role of school administrators in implementing the student support system in schools under the Special Education Administration Office of the Northeastern Region.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of 330 personnel from schools under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Special Education Administration in the Northeastern region. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling table, followed by stratified random sampling. The research instruments included a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire with an Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, and a reliability coefficient of 0.81, as well as a structured interview. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The study findings revealed the following: 1. The role of school administrators in implementing the student support system in schools is overall at a high level (= 4.38; S.D.= 0.42). 2. The role of school administrators in implementing the student support system in schools under the Special Education Administration Office of the Northeastern Region, when classified by education level and position, showed significant statistical differences at the .05 level. And 3. The development guidelines for the role of school administrators in implementing the student support system in schools under the Special Education Administration Office of the Northeastern Region indicate that there should be systematic monitoring and data collection on students' health and behavior. A variety of screening methods should be used to classify students into normal, at-risk, or problematic groups. Special support should be provided for students with exceptional abilities, and appropriate activities should be promoted. Opportunities should be given for students to participate and take leadership roles in organizing activities. The use of technology in providing timely counseling and support for students should be encouraged, and information should be used to refer students with serious problems to experts, with continuous follow-up.

Conclusion: The role of school administrators in implementing the student support system is overall at a high level, with significant statistical differences based on education level and position. The development guidelines suggest systematically monitoring students' health and behavior data, utilizing technology and information systems for counseling, and referring students with serious problems to experts, with continuous follow-up.

The Promotion of Moral and Ethical Conduct Among Teachers and Educational Personnel under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Kittiphong Patthum — 2026-01-05

Background and Aims: Morality and ethics are considered fundamental principles for every human being. Morality serves as a key guideline for individuals or society to apply in their daily lives. It helps individuals perform their duties smoothly, achieve success in their work, and become good members of their families, society, and the nation. For teachers, morality must go hand in hand with the profession; a teacher without morality is like a monk without precepts. Morality is a fundamental aspect for everyone and all professions. This research aims to: 1) Study the level of personnel’s opinions on the promotion of morality and ethics among government teachers and educational personnel, and 2) Compare the levels of those opinions, categorized by educational level, work experience, and position, within the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Nakhon Ratchasima. Additionally, it seeks to explore approaches for promoting morality and ethics among government teachers and educational personnel under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office in Nakhon Ratchasima.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of school administrators, teachers, and educational personnel under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office. The sample of 351 individuals was selected using stratified random sampling. The research instruments included a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and a structured interview. The Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the reliability coefficient was 0.84. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test (ANOVA), and pairwise comparison using Scheffé’s method.

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1. The overall level of promoting morality and ethics among teachers and educational personnel under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office was rated as high. When considering each aspect individually, the promotion of morality and ethics in all areas was also rated at a high level. 2. The promotion of morality and ethics, when classified by educational background, work experience, and job position, showed statistically significant differences at the .05 level. 3. Guidelines for promoting morality and ethics among teachers and educational personnel under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office were identified as follows: safeguarding national independence and sovereignty; adhering to religious principles and respecting religious diversity; conducting oneself within moral boundaries; performing duties with a strong sense of responsibility, considering the benefit of the public service and relevant stakeholders; developing work systematically; applying modern technology and engaging in continuous self-development to achieve targeted outcomes; providing services willingly; treating everyone equally and respectfully; being a good citizen who respects the law, maintains discipline, and upholds professional standards; using polite language; listening attentively to others' opinions; and practicing compassion.

Conclusion: The promotion of morality and ethics among teachers and educational personnel focuses on instilling positive values, honesty, and a strong sense of duty. It emphasizes being a good role model for students and society, as well as working with transparency and accountability. Activities such as training sessions, awareness-building programs, and continuous evaluations are organized to foster and develop professional ethics in the teaching profession.

The Implementation of Sappurisa Dhamma in Personnel Management by School Administrators under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Nutnicha Jomko — 2026-01-11

Background and Aims: Personnel management in educational institutions is considered a key element in enhancing the potential of staff to effectively fulfill the institution’s mission. An effective approach to improving personnel management is the application of ethical principles, particularly the Sappurisa Dhamma 7, a set of Buddhist virtues related to moral leadership and ethical administration. The objectives of this research were to: 1. Study the application of the Seven Principles of a Virtuous Person (Sappurisa Dhamma) in personnel administration by school administrators under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. 2. Compare the application of the Seven Principles of a Virtuous Person in personnel administration by school administrators under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. And 3. Explore guidelines for applying the Seven Principles of a Virtuous Person in personnel administration by school administrators under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of 274 participants, including school administrators, teachers, and educational personnel in schools under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 in the academic year 2024. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling table and obtained through stratified random sampling. The research instruments consisted of a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: Research Findings: 1. The overall application of the Seven Principles of a Virtuous Person (Sappurisa Dhamma) in personnel administration by school administrators under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 was found to be at a high level. When considered by individual aspects, all aspects were also at a high level. 2. The comparison of the application of the Seven Principles of a Virtuous Person in personnel administration, categorized by position, revealed that the overall mean scores of opinions significantly differed at the .05 level. 3. The comparison of the application of the Seven Principles of a Virtuous Person in personnel administration by school administrators under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, categorized by school size, showed that in small-sized schools, both the overall and individual aspects were at a high level. When categorized by educational level, there were no significant differences in practice, both overall and by individual aspects.

Conclusion: The application of the Seven Principles of a Virtuous Person (Sappurisa Dhamma) in personnel administration by school administrators under the Rayong Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 emphasizes ethical leadership, such as true knowledge, honesty, and selflessness, for the benefit of the organization and its personnel. This approach promotes transparency, fairness, and fosters long-term trust within the organization.

School Public Relations Administration under the Office of Special Education Administration, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Darunpat Rattanasupha — 2026-01-11

Background and Aims: School public relations aim to help the public understand the school's operations and roles, fostering positive feelings and smooth relationships between the school and the community. This is especially important for schools under the Bureau of Special Education Administration, which focus on providing basic education for children with disabilities and underprivileged individuals. The goal is to improve their quality of life, enabling them to be self-reliant and live happily within society. The objectives of this research are to study and compare the levels of opinions of stakeholders regarding the public relations management of schools under the Office of Special Education Administration, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, classified by educational background, position, and age, and to explore guidelines for the public relations management of schools under the Office of Special Education Administration, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province.

Methodology: The population in this research consisted of 614 stakeholders from schools under the Bureau of Special Education Administration in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The sample group included 237 individuals, determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling table and selected through stratified random sampling. The research instruments included a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) ranged between 0.80 and 1.00, and the reliability coefficient was 0.83. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1. The overall level of public relations management in schools under the Office of Special Education Administration, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, was rated as high. 2. The comparison of public relations management classified by educational level showed no significant differences overall; however, differences were found in the areas of communication and operations, and evaluation. When classified by position, there were statistically significant differences at the .05 level overall, except in the areas of research and listening, and evaluation. When classified by age, no significant differences were found either overall or in specific aspects. 3. Guidelines for improving public relations management in schools under the Office of Special Education Administration, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, indicated that the development of school public relations should be a continuous process that relies on cooperation from all stakeholders. Implementation of the proposed guidelines would enable schools to communicate information accurately, timely manner, and effectively, leading to a positive image of the school and strong participation from the surrounding community and society.

Conclusion: The public relations management of the Office of Special Education Administration focuses on disseminating accurate and comprehensive information regarding policies, activities, and approaches to special education. It aims to promote understanding and cooperation among schools, parents, communities, and relevant agencies by utilizing a variety of media and communication channels to build a positive image and support the educational rights of students with special needs.

School Administration Towards a Learning Organization of Educational Institutions under the Pathum Thani Provincial Office of Vocational Education

Nantapat Surawoot — 2026-01-11

Background and Aims: The objectives of this research were to: (1) study school administration toward becoming a learning organization in educational institutions under the Pathum Thani Provincial Office of Vocational Education. (2) Compare school administration toward becoming a learning organization, classified by position, educational level, and work experience. And (3) to design a management approach for developing educational institutions under the Pathum Thani Provincial Office of Vocational Education into learning organizations.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of school administrators and teachers from educational institutions under the Pathum Thani Provincial Office of Vocational Education in the 2024 academic year, totaling 186 participants. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, and the participants were selected using stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire based on a Likert-type rating scale. The instrument's content validity was verified, and the reliability of the entire questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The statistical methods employed for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

Results: The research findings revealed that 1. The analysis of opinions on school administration towards becoming a learning organization in institutions under the Pathum Thani Provincial Office of Vocational Education revealed that, overall, the opinions were at a high level. (\bar{x}=3.83, S.D.= 0.64) 2. The results of the comparison of opinions on school administration towards becoming a learning organization, classified by position, revealed that overall, there were statistically significant differences in opinions on school administration towards becoming a learning organization at the .05 level. And 3. the analysis of strategies for school administration towards becoming a learning organization in institutions under the Pathum Thani Office of Vocational Education emphasized the importance of knowledgeable personnel. Key strategies for promoting a learning organization included organizing subject-area or departmental meetings for knowledge sharing, creating platforms for idea exchange, and conducting internal seminars to encourage collaborative learning and the sharing of discoveries.

Conclusion: The effectiveness of school administration toward becoming a learning organization was found to be at a high level. Opinions on administration differed according to staff positions. Key strategies for promotion include organizing knowledge-sharing forums, conducting internal meetings, and encouraging continuous collaborative learning among personnel.

Administration of the School Lunch Program in Schools under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Nirisa Promtib — 2026-01-12

Background and Aims: The objective of this research is to study and compare the levels of opinions of personnel regarding the management of the school lunch program in educational institutions under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, categorized by position and school size. Additionally, the research aims to explore the management approaches for the school lunch program in these institutions.

Methodology: The sample used in this research consisted of 313 participants, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instruments included a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire with an Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) value ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and a reliability coefficient of 0.83, as well as a structured interview form. The data were analyzed using statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: Research findings revealed that: 1. The overall management of the school lunch program in educational institutions under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 was rated at a high level. When considered by individual aspects, all areas were rated highly. 2. The management of the school lunch program in these institutions, categorized by position, showed no significant differences. 3. The management of the school lunch program, categorized by school size, showed no significant differences overall. However, there were differences in the aspect of service quality. 4. Guidelines for improving the management of the school lunch program in these institutions suggest that efforts should focus on providing continuous health services and student nutrition care. This should be integrated with agricultural, food, and health education to promote learning. Additionally, measures for sanitation should be enhanced, such as controlling pests and insects that transmit diseases, and promoting strict personal hygiene among students. In terms of nutrition, the management system should be improved to ensure that students receive a balanced and sufficient diet. Furthermore, in the areas of finance and budgeting, it is important to allocate funds according to the program's objectives and support resources for teaching and kitchen operations to elevate the overall quality of the program.

Conclusion: The management of the school lunch program should include continuous care for students' nutrition and health, with an emphasis on integrating agriculture, food, and health. Sanitation measures and disease prevention should be strengthened, while the management system should be developed for greater efficiency. Budget allocation should align with the program’s objectives, and resources should be allocated to enhance the overall quality of the school lunch program.

The Budget Administration of Schools under the Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Benjamat Ananma — 2026-01-12

Background and Aims: The objective of this research was to study and compare the levels of personnel’s opinions toward the budget administration of schools under the Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, categorized by position, work experience, and school size. The research also aimed to explore guidelines for budget administration in schools under the Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 3.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 331 personnel from schools under the Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan's sampling table and selected through stratified random sampling. The research instruments included a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and a structured interview. The Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) values ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the reliability coefficient was 0.81. The data were analyzed using statistical methods, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: Research findings revealed that: 1. The overall budget administration of schools under the Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 was rated at a high level. 2. When categorized by position, overall opinions showed no significant differences. However, significant differences were found in specific areas, including financial management, accounting administration, and asset and inventory management. When categorized by work experience, there were no significant differences overall, but differences were found in the area of resource mobilization and educational investment. When categorized by school size, overall results showed statistically significant differences at the .05 level. Differences were also found in the areas of monitoring, evaluation, and reporting; resource mobilization and educational investment; financial management; and accounting administration. 3. Guidelines for budget administration in schools under the Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 include: (1) Budget proposal and preparation, (2) Budget allocation, (3) Monitoring, evaluation, and reporting, (4) Resource mobilization and educational investment, and (5) Financial management, asset, and inventory management.

Conclusion: The budget administration of schools should be conducted efficiently, transparently, and with accountability, in alignment with the educational development plan. Budget allocation should correspond to its intended purposes and emphasize cost-effectiveness. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of budget utilization will help enhance the quality of school management and teaching and learning processes.

Utilization of Technology for School Administration in the Digital Age under the Jurisdiction of Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Pornpimon Pohcharoen — 2026-01-12

Background and Aims: At present, the advancement of digital technology plays a significant role in daily life, particularly in the field of education, where technology has been increasingly integrated into school administration. School administrators must possess a clear vision regarding the application of information technology in educational institutions. They need to have knowledge, understanding, and a strong emphasis on information technology to enhance teaching skills, learning processes, and educational development. This research aims to study and compare the use of technology in school administration in the digital era under the Office of Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area 1, categorized by educational level, position, and work experience. Additionally, it seeks to explore guidelines for applying technology in school administration in the digital era within the same office.

Methodology: The sample group comprised 322 participants, including school administrators and teachers. The research instruments were a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and a structured interview form. The statistical methods employed for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1. The overall use of technology in school administration in the digital era was at a high level. When considering each aspect individually, all aspects were also rated at a high level. The highest mean score was found in general administration, followed by budget administration and academic administration, respectively. The aspect with the lowest mean score was personnel administration. 2. The results of comparing opinions on the use of technology in school administration in the digital era, categorized by educational level, position, and work experience, showed statistically significant differences at the .05 level in the overall perspective. However, when considering each aspect individually, no significant differences were found. And 3. the analysis of suggestions for improving the use of technology in school administration in the digital era indicated four key areas: academic administration, budget administration, personnel administration, and general administration.

Conclusion: The research findings revealed that the use of technology in school administration was at a high level, particularly in general administration, while personnel administration had the lowest average score. Opinions on the use of technology significantly differed based on educational level, position, and work experience, although no significant differences were found across individual aspects. The proposed development guidelines comprised four main areas: academic affairs, budget administration, personnel administration, and general administration.

The Implementation of Safe School Operations by Schools Under the Jurisdiction of the Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Phatcharakit Phuangket — 2026-01-12

Background and Aims: Education plays an important role in national development, serving as a key process in developing human resources to meet the country's needs and direction. Regarding student safety at school, schools are places where students spend most of their time and are considered their second home. If the school environment is unsafe, it can increase the risk of accidents. The objective of this research is to study the level of implementation of the safe school program in schools under the jurisdiction of the Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, and to compare the level of opinions of personnel regarding the implementation of the safe school program in these schools, classified by position, work experience, and school size. Additionally, the research aims to explore ways to improve the implementation of the safe school program in schools under the jurisdiction of the Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: The sample used in this research consists of 292 personnel from schools under the jurisdiction of the Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The sample was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, with stratified random sampling. The research instruments include a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, with IOC values ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, and a reliability coefficient of 0.80. The statistical methods used for data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, and pairwise comparison using Scheffe’s Method.

Results: The findings of the study revealed the following: 1. The overall implementation of the safe school program in schools under the jurisdiction of the Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 is at a high level (\bar{x}= 4.32; S.D.= 0.43). When examined by individual aspects, all aspects are also at a high level. 2. The implementation of the safe school program in schools under the jurisdiction of the Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, when classified by position, showed significant statistical differences at the .05 level, both overall and in individual aspects. 3. The implementation of the safe school program in schools under the jurisdiction of the Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, when classified by work experience, showed no significant differences overall or in individual aspects. 4. The implementation of the safe school program in schools under the jurisdiction of the Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, when classified by school size, showed significant statistical differences overall at the .05 level, and in individual aspects such as education and enforcement. Other aspects showed no significant differences. And 4. The development guidelines for the implementation of the safe school program in schools under the jurisdiction of the Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 indicate that developing a safe school environment is crucial and must be carried out systematically, covering areas such as prevention, education, enforcement, and control activities. In the prevention aspect, it is recommended that homeroom teachers or advisors be assigned to assess students individually. Additionally, physical environments in schools, such as classrooms, laboratories, restrooms, and other areas, should be made safe.

Conclusion: The implementation of the safe school program in schools under the jurisdiction of the Nong Khai Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 is at a high level. The position of personnel and the size of the school have a significant impact on the implementation, while experience does not result in any significant differences. Regarding development, it should be carried out systematically, covering all aspects, with a focus on creating a safe school environment and assessing students individually.

The Ethical Leadership of School Administrators under the Jurisdiction of the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Ubon Ratchathani–Amnat Charoen

Phitsanu Homsombat — 2026-01-12

Background and Aims: The objectives of this research were to: (1) study the ethical leadership of school administrators; (2) compare the ethical leadership of school administrators classified by educational background and work experience; and (3) propose guidelines for promoting ethical leadership among school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ubon Ratchathani–Amnat Charoen.

Methodology: The sample group in this research consisted of 346 teachers. The research instrument was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, with content validity indices ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, and an overall reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.894. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The research findings revealed that the overall and dimensional levels of ethical leadership among school administrators were high. When classified by educational background, no statistically significant differences were found at the .05 level. However, when classified by work experience, a statistically significant difference at the .05 level was found between administrators with 1–10 years of experience and those with more than 21 years of experience. The proposed guidelines for promoting ethical leadership among school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ubon Ratchathani–Amnat Charoen comprise five key dimensions: (1) integrity, (2) fairness, (3) responsibility, (4) empathy, and (5) positive interpersonal relationships.

Conclusion: The ethical leadership of school administrators was found to be at a high level, both overall and across all dimensions. No significant differences were found based on educational background; however, significant differences were observed in certain ranges of work experience. The recommended guidelines for promoting ethical leadership emphasize integrity, fairness, empathy, and the development of positive relationships.

Internal Quality Assurance of Educational Institutions under the Office of Buriram Primary Educational Service Area 4

Phawisa Suwanwong — 2026-01-12

Background and Aims: Internal quality assurance in educational institutions is a crucial process for the continuous development of educational management quality. The Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 4 emphasizes implementing a quality assurance system to effectively raise the educational standards in the area. Educational quality assurance serves as an essential mechanism for indicating the efficiency and effectiveness of teachers and school personnel, enabling them to operate systematically. This research aims to study and compare the levels of opinions of administrators and teachers regarding internal quality assurance in schools under the Buriram Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, categorized by position, department, and school size. Additionally, it aims to explore guidelines for promoting internal quality assurance in schools under the same office, also categorized by position, department, and institutional size.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of 334 administrators and teachers from educational institutions under the Office of Buriram Primary Educational Service Area 4. The sample was determined using stratified random sampling. The research instruments included a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) values ranged between 0.80 and 1.00, and the reliability coefficient was 0.81. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, and pairwise comparison using Scheffé's method.

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1. Overall, the internal quality assurance of educational institutions was at a high level (\bar{x}= 4.26; S.D.= 0.52). When considered by individual aspects, all aspects were also at a high level. 2. When categorized by position, the overall internal quality assurance of educational institutions showed statistically significant differences at the .05 level. Differences were also found in specific aspects: the establishment of educational standards, the development of educational management plans focusing on quality according to educational standards, and the preparation of self-assessment reports. 3. When categorized by department, there were no significant differences in the overall or individual aspects of internal quality assurance. 4. When categorized by school size, there were statistically significant differences at the .05 level in both overall and individual aspects of internal quality assurance. And 5. Guidelines for promoting internal quality assurance of educational institutions under the Office of Buriram Primary Educational Service Area 4 indicated that school administrators should take the lead in enhancing educational quality by fostering understanding and implementing standards appropriate to the school's context, encouraging participation from teachers, staff, and the community in developing plans that align with local needs, utilizing data from internal evaluations to revise plans, and promoting the involvement of personnel in quality assurance activities.

Conclusion: School administrators act as leaders in quality assurance by establishing standards appropriate to the school’s context and promoting the participation of teachers, staff, and the community in developing action plans. Internal evaluation data are utilized to continuously improve operational plans, and personnel are encouraged to participate in the monitoring and development of educational quality.

The Administration of Educational Institutions Based on Good Governance Principles by School Administrators under the Jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4

Maratee Chawaleeratchanon — 2026-01-12

Background and Aims: This research aimed to: 1) Study the school administration based on the principles of good governance by school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4. 2) Compare the school administration based on good governance principles by school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, classified by educational level, work experience, and school size. And 3) Explore guidelines for developing school administration based on the principles of good governance by school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of 317 school administrators and teachers. The research instrument was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, with content validity indices ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and an overall reliability coefficient of 0.87. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test (ANOVA).

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1) The overall level of school administration, based on the principles of good governance, was found to be high among school administrators. 2) A comparison of opinions regarding school administration based on good governance principles, classified by educational level, work experience, and school size, showed no significant differences overall or in specific aspects. And 3) Guidelines for promoting school administration based on good governance principles among school administrators consist of six key aspects: (1) the rule of law, (2) integrity, (3) transparency, (4) participation, (5) accountability, and (6) value for money.

Conclusion: The administration of educational institutions guided by good governance principles helps to create an environment characterized by accountability and transparency. Providing support and building trust among staff, while fostering positive relationships, plays a crucial role in developing high-quality schools and producing students who are effective learners and capable of leading sustainable lives.

The Safety Management of Schools for Students with Intellectual Disabilities, under Group 2 of the Institutions Affiliated with the Office of Special Education Administration

Rattikul Boonthep — 2026-01-12

Background and Aims: The implementation of safety measures in educational institutions aims to protect students, teachers, and staff to ensure their security and well-being. However, various operational issues persist, reflecting the inefficiency of the current safety management system, particularly in schools for students with intellectual disabilities. The objectives of this research were to: (1) study the safety management of special education schools for students with intellectual disabilities under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 2; (2) compare the safety management practices of these schools based on position, educational background, and work experience. And (3) explore guidelines for improving safety management in special education schools for students with intellectual disabilities under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 2.

Methodology: The population in this research consisted of school administrators and teachers from schools for students with intellectual disabilities under Special Education Bureau Group 2, totaling 310 individuals from three institutions. The sample group consisted of 175 individuals, determined based on Krejcie and Morgan's sample size table and selected through cluster random sampling. The research instrument was a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, with a content validity index (CVI) ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and an overall reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.985. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The research findings revealed that: (1) The overall safety management in special education schools for students with intellectual disabilities under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 2, was rated at the highest level. (2) When comparing safety management practices—both overall and by specific aspects—based on position and educational background, no statistically significant differences were found at the .05 level. Regarding work experience, those with less than 5 years, 5–10 years, and more than 10 years of experience all rated the safety management practices, both overall and by aspect, at the highest level. (3) The guidelines for improving safety management in special education schools for students with intellectual disabilities, Group 2, in all four aspects are as follows: Schools should implement measures by the Office of the Basic Education Commission, including risk prevention through area inspections, assessment of the physical environment and school buildings, and evaluation of potential hazards. Schools should also instill knowledge and practices for self-protection against various threats, develop emergency response plans, and coordinate with safety-related networks and partners.

Conclusion: Safety management in special education schools for students with intellectual disabilities (Group 2) was at the highest level. There were no statistically significant differences in safety management based on position, educational background, or work experience. Developmental guidelines should follow the measures set by the Office of the Basic Education Commission, including risk assessment, knowledge dissemination, emergency response planning, and coordination with safety-related networks and partners.

The Academic Leadership of School Administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Ratrawee Pinatha — 2026-01-13

Background and Aims: School administrators require academic leadership to manage schools effectively. They must have vision and the ability to plan strategically to achieve goals in both administration and educational management. Knowledgeable leadership plays a crucial role in developing the school and enhancing the quality of education. The objectives of this research were to: (1) study the level of academic leadership of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 1; (2) compare the academic leadership of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, classified by position, educational level, and school size; and (3) explore approaches for developing the academic leadership of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 1.

Methodology: The sample group in this research consisted of 310 school administrators and teachers. The sample size was determined based on Krejcie and Morgan's table and selected using stratified random sampling. The research instruments included a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and an interview form. The content validity index ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the overall reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.88. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1. The academic leadership of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 was found to be at a high level overall. 2. The results of the comparison of opinions on academic leadership of school administrators, classified by position and educational level, showed no significant differences, both overall and in each aspect. 3. The academic leadership of school administrators, classified by school size, showed no overall differences, except in the areas of curriculum and instruction planning and monitoring students' academic progress, which showed statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level. And 4. Guidelines for enhancing the academic leadership of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 comprised five key aspects: 1) Mission Setting: There should be support for the use of technology in teaching and learning management, as well as the creation of a learning environment that promotes quality education. 2) Curriculum and Instruction Planning: Emphasizing learner-centered approaches, including active learning and project-based learning, as well as integrating technology into instruction. 3) Instructional Supervision: Utilizing technology to enhance the effectiveness of instructional supervision. 4) Monitoring Student Progress: Supporting the use of technology for collecting and analyzing learning achievement data. 5) Promoting Teaching and Learning Environment: Fostering an atmosphere conducive to learning by emphasizing both physical and digital learning environments.

Conclusion: The research findings indicated that the academic leadership of administrators in the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 was at a high level. There were no significant differences based on position or educational level. However, when classified by school size, significant differences were found in the areas of curriculum planning and monitoring student progress. The proposed guidelines for promoting academic leadership comprised five key aspects, emphasizing the use of technology and the creation of a modern, high-quality learning environment.

Implementation of the National Standards for Early Childhood Development Centers by Local Administrative Organization-affiliated Child Development Centers in Suphan Buri Province

Wasant Chanthasin — 2026-01-13

Background and Aims: The objectives of this research were to study and compare the levels of personnel’s opinions regarding the implementation of the National Standards for Early Childhood Development Centers by local administrative organization-affiliated child development centers in Suphan Buri Province, classified by position, educational background, and work experience. Additionally, the research aimed to explore guidelines for implementing the National Standards for Early Childhood Development Centers in these centers.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of 304 personnel from child development centers. The research instruments included a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, which had an Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and a reliability coefficient of 0.80, as well as a structured interview form. The statistical methods used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test (ANOVA).

Results: Research findings revealed that: 1. The overall implementation of the National Standards for Early Childhood Development Centers by local administrative organization-affiliated child development centers in Suphan Buri Province was rated at a high level. 2. The implementation, when classified by position and work experience, showed a statistically significant difference at the .05 level. However, educational background did not show any significant difference, either overall or in specific aspects. 3. Guidelines for implementing the National Standards indicated that in terms of management, the environment should be safe and promote family and community involvement. In terms of care and learning processes, a strong relationship between children and adults should be encouraged, along with learning through observation, experimentation, questioning, and the development of creativity. Regarding early childhood development, children should be nurtured to develop discipline, self-control, adaptability, logical thinking, problem-solving skills, and age-appropriate communication abilities.

Conclusion: The implementation of the National Standards for Early Childhood Development Centers focuses on enhancing the quality of care and age-appropriate learning for young children. This is achieved by providing qualified personnel, ensuring a safe environment, and organizing activities that promote holistic development. In addition, continuous monitoring and evaluation are conducted by established criteria to support ongoing improvement.

Innovative Leadership of Administrators in Special Education Schools under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 4

Sripare Bongwiang — 2026-01-13

Background and Aims: Amid the rapid changes in today’s society, particularly the growth of science, technology, and various innovations, society has evolved into an information-sharing environment where constant change occurs. Therefore, innovative leadership among school administrators is crucial. It is important to establish approaches for developing innovative leadership, specifically for administrators in schools for students with special needs. The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the level of innovative leadership among school administrators in special education schools under the jurisdiction of the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 4; (2) to compare the innovative leadership of these administrators based on age and years of professional experience; and (3) to propose developmental guidelines for enhancing innovative leadership among school administrators in special education schools under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 4.

Methodology: The sample group in this study consisted of 270 school administrators demonstrating innovative leadership in special education schools under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 4, during the academic year 2024. The sample size was determined using the sampling table developed by Robert V. Krejcie and Daryle W. Morgan (1970), and the participants were selected through stratified random sampling. The research instruments included a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using statistical methods, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, and Scheffe’s method for post-hoc multiple comparisons.

Results: The findings of the study revealed the following: 1) The overall level of innovative leadership among school administrators in special education schools under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 4, was found to be high. When examined by specific dimensions, all aspects were also rated at a high level. 2) The results of the comparison of opinions regarding innovative leadership based on age indicated no significant differences overall or by dimension, except for the dimension of change leadership, which showed a statistically significant difference at the .05 level. 3) When categorized by work experience, the overall level of innovative leadership did not differ significantly. However, significant differences at the .05 level were found in the dimensions of change leadership and risk-taking for innovation. And
4) Guidelines for enhancing innovative leadership among school administrators in special education schools under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 4, were identified in five key areas: (1) creative thinking for innovation, (2) innovative vision, (3) change leadership, (4) risk-taking for innovation, and (5) innovation strategy.

Conclusion: The research revealed that the overall level of innovative leadership among administrators in special education schools was high, both in general and across individual dimensions. When classified by age, there were no significant differences, except in the dimension of change leadership, which showed a statistically significant difference. Similarly, when classified by work experience, no overall differences were found; however, significant differences were observed in the dimensions of change leadership and risk-taking. The proposed framework for leadership development consists of five key dimensions: creativity, visionary thinking, change leadership, risk-taking, and innovation strategy.

The Use of Information Technology in the Management of School Administrators Under the Special Education Administration Office, Group 3

Sirada Kanpho — 2026-01-13

Background and Aims: The modern world is undergoing rapid transformation due to advancements in technology, information, and transportation. These developments have led to a shift in human behavior from the analog era to the digital age. Technological changes are occurring at an increasingly rapid pace compared to the past and are expected to continue accelerating in the future. This has a significant impact on the management of educational institutions. Therefore, school administrators must adapt their attitudes and management approaches to keep pace with the ongoing changes. The objectives of this research are: 1. To study the level of information technology utilization in administrative tasks by school administrators under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 3. 2. To compare the opinions of personnel regarding the use of information technology in the management of school administrators under the Special Education Administration Office, Group 3, classified by education level, school size, and work experience. And 3. To explore ways to develop the use of information technology in the management of school administrators under the Special Education Administration Office, Group 3.

Methodology: The sample consists of school administrators and teachers under the Special Education Administration Office, Group 3, totaling 291 people. The research instruments include a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, with a consistency index ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and a reliability coefficient of 0.98, as well as a semi-structured interview. The statistical methods used for data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The research findings are as follows: 1. The use of information technology in the management of school administrators under the Special Education Administration Office, Group 3, is overall at a high level (\bar{x}= 4.51, S.D.= 0.29). 2. The use of information technology in the management of school administrators under the Special Education Administration Office, Group 3, when classified by education level and work experience, showed significant statistical differences at the .05 level overall. However, when classified by school size, there were no significant differences overall. And 3. The development guidelines for the use of information technology in the management of school administrators under the Special Education Administration Office, Group 3, consist of four areas: 1) Academic management, 2) Budget management, 3) Personnel management, and 4) General management.

Conclusion: The use of information technology in the management of school administrators under the Special Education Administration Office, Group 3, is overall at a high level, with significant differences based on education level and work experience, but no differences based on school size. The development guidelines for the use of information technology consist of four areas: academic management, budget management, personnel management, and general management.

Digital Leadership of Educational Administrators under the Provincial Office of Learning Promotion, Chaiyaphum

Somrutai Pongchamnong — 2026-01-13

Background and Aims: The evolution of digital technology has been continuously and rapidly advancing at an exponential rate, significantly influencing the way people live and leading to notable changes in societal lifestyles. Today, many countries around the world are leveraging digital technology to drive national development. Therefore, leaders and administrators must be capable of managing and developing ideas that benefit society and the greater good. The objectives of this research were to study and compare the levels of personnel’s opinions toward the digital leadership of school administrators under the Office of Learning Promotion, Chaiyaphum Province, classified by educational level and work experience. Additionally, the study aimed to explore guidelines for developing the digital leadership of school administrators under the Office of Learning Promotion, Chaiyaphum Province.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of 217 school administrators and teachers under the Office of Learning Promotion, Chaiyaphum Province. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan's sampling table and selected through stratified random sampling. The research instruments included a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the reliability coefficient was 0.89. Data analysis was conducted using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, and Scheffé’s method for pairwise comparison.

Results: Research Findings: 1. The digital leadership of school administrators under the Office of Learning Promotion, Chaiyaphum Province, was found to be at a high level overall. 2. When categorized by educational level, the overall digital leadership of school administrators showed statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level. However, there were no significant differences in the aspects of digital vision, digital learning culture, and digital citizenship. 3. When categorized by work experience, there were no significant differences in digital leadership overall or any individual aspects. 4. Guidelines for developing digital leadership among school administrators under the Office of Learning Promotion, Chaiyaphum Province, were identified as follows: (1) Digital Vision: Administrators must adapt to change and collaborate with teachers and staff to create a shared digital vision. (2) Digital Learning Culture: There should be continuous promotion of a digital learning culture within schools and the consistent use of technology in operations. (3) Digital Communication: Administrators should utilize technology to build a positive organizational image and promote communication through digital media. (4) Digital Literacy: Administrators should lead in the integration of technology in education and support staff in their professional development related to educational technology. (5) Digital Citizenship: Administrators should possess knowledge of relevant legal aspects and promote legal understanding of technology among staff and students.

Conclusion: Developing digital leadership among school administrators involves adapting to change and collaboratively creating a digital vision with teachers and staff. It promotes a digital learning culture, utilizes technology in operations, communicates through digital media, and builds a positive organizational image. Administrators should be technology leaders, support staff in their professional development, and promote understanding of technology-related laws among everyone in the educational institution.

The Administration of Educational Institutions by the Principles of Good Governance Under the Jurisdiction of the Sisaket Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Sittisak Chiangwong — 2026-01-13

Background and Aims: School administration based on the principles of good governance is an approach that emphasizes transparency, accountability, and participation in educational management, aiming to enhance the quality and efficiency of schools. The Sisaket Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 has implemented good governance principles in school administration to promote fairness and sustainably respond to the needs of the community. The objectives of this research were to: (1) study the administration of educational institutions based on the principles of good governance under the Sisaket Primary Educational Service Area Office 1; (2) compare the administration of educational institutions based on the principles of good governance under the Sisaket Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, classified by school size and work experience; and (3) explore approaches to promoting the administration of educational institutions based on the principles of good governance under the Sisaket Primary Educational Service Area Office 1.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of teachers and staff in basic educational institutions under the Sisaket Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 for the academic year 2024, totaling 320 individuals. The sample size was determined according to the table of Krejcie and Morgan, and the group was selected using cluster sampling. The research instrument was a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, which yielded a content validity index ranging from 0.888 to 0.895, and the overall reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.890. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The research findings revealed that: (1) the administration of educational institutions based on the principles of good governance under the Sisaket Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, both overall and in each specific area, was at a high level; (2) the administration of educational institutions based on the principles of good governance under the Sisaket Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, classified by school size, showed no significant differences, while classification by work experience revealed statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level; and (3) the approaches to promoting the administration of educational institutions based on the principles of good governance under the Sisaket Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 consisted of six areas: (1) the principle of ethics, (2) the principle of rule of law, (3) the principle of transparency, (4) the principle of participation, (5) the principle of fairness, and (6) the principle of efficiency.

Conclusion: The administration of educational institutions based on the principles of good governance emphasizes transparency and accountability in decision-making, prioritizing the participation of all stakeholders and resource efficiency. Adherence to ethical principles and the rule of law helps build trust and credibility in the management process. Therefore, applying the principles of good governance is a crucial tool for developing educational quality and effective management.

The Implementation of Good Governance in the School Administration by Administrators under the Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Artorn Aroonno — 2026-01-13

Background and Aims: The administration of educational institutions should adhere to the principles of good governance to ensure transparency, accountability, fairness, and trustworthiness. Modern-day administrators should consistently apply these principles in all management aspects to enhance operational efficiency and achieve sustainable, optimal outcomes. This research aims to: (1) study the application of good governance principles in the administration by school administrators under the Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 2; (2) compare the application of good governance principles in administration by school administrators under the Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, based on the opinions of government teachers, categorized by educational level and work experience; and (3) explore guidelines for promoting the application of good governance principles in administration by school administrators under the Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of 297 government teachers under the Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 in 2024 (B.E. 2567). The sample size was determined based on Krejcie and Morgan's table and selected through cluster sampling. The research instrument was a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) ranged from 0.08 to 1.00, and the reliability of the entire questionnaire ranged from 0.926 to 0.930. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1) the overall application of good governance principles in the administration by school administrators under the Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, including all individual aspects, was at a high level; 2) when classified by educational level, there was no significant difference in the application of good governance principles overall. However, in terms of work experience, a statistically significant difference at the .05 level was found between those with 1–10 years of experience and those with more than 21 years of experience; and 3) the guidelines for applying good governance principles in administration by school administrators under the Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 consist of six aspects: (1) the rule of law, (2) morality, (3) transparency, (4) participation, (5) accountability, and (6) cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion: The application of good governance principles in the administration by school administrators under the Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 revealed that administrators applied these principles effectively, particularly in promoting participation from personnel and the community. The recommendation is to further promote moral and ethical values, as well as to encourage more meaningful participation from all sectors.

Management of the Dual Vocational Education System in Institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Aitthiphon Khongbanthat — 2026-01-14

Background and Aims: This research aimed to study and compare stakeholders’ opinions on the administration of the dual vocational education system in institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, categorized by educational level and status. And to study the guidelines for promoting the administration of the dual vocational education system in institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Nakhon Ratchasima Province.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of 379 participants, including administrators, teachers, entrepreneurs, and vocational students. The research instruments included a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, which had an Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) value ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and a reliability coefficient of 0.90, as well as a structured interview form. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, and pairwise comparison using Scheffe’s method.

Results: Research findings revealed that: 1. The overall administration of the dual vocational education system in educational institutions was rated at a high level. When classified by educational level and status, there were statistically significant differences at the .05 level. 2. Guidelines for improving the administration of the dual vocational education system indicated that the development of dual education should emphasize enhancing skills required by the labor market, designing curricula aligned with industrial needs, and ensuring quality assurance before implementation. In addition, continuous professional development for teachers and staff is recommended, along with regular supervision and evaluation of teaching practices. For vocational training, it is advised to establish internship agreements, conduct orientation and exit sessions to prepare students, appoint qualified trainers who meet standardized assessments, and promote internship evaluations. Appropriate welfare and support for students should also be provided. Finally, a clear assessment system should be established to support students’ ongoing development, along with implementing quality assurance mechanisms at all levels and evaluating employer satisfaction to continuously improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning.

Conclusion: The administration of the dual vocational education system in educational institutions was found to be at a high level, with statistically significant differences based on educational level and status. Development guidelines should focus on enhancing skills demanded by the labor market, designing curricula aligned with industrial needs, and continuously developing teachers. A rigorous vocational training system should be established, with clear evaluation processes and a quality assurance system to support student development and enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning.

Guidelines for Improving the Quality of Early Childhood Education of Private Schools under the Office of Maha Sarakham Primary Education Service Area 1

Tanyaporn Pataveekul — 2026-01-15

Background and Aims: Education is considered a crucial element in laying the foundation for creating progress and solving various societal issues. It is a process that helps individuals develop themselves and lay the groundwork for their lives. This research aimed to 1) study the current state and desired conditions for the development of early childhood education quality in private schools under the jurisdiction of the Maha Sarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, and 2) study the guidelines for developing early childhood education quality in private schools under the jurisdiction of the same office.

Methodology: The researcher followed the steps of the research and development process. The research tools included questionnaires, and both quantitative and qualitative data analyses were performed. The statistics used in the research included percentages, means, and standard deviations.

Results: The research results found that the key components that are necessary factors and processes include: 1) a curriculum suitable for early childhood education, 2) an environment that provides experiences, media, and learning resources, 3) integrated activities that promote development and learning, 4) assessment of early childhood development and learning, and 5) the roles of teachers, parents, and the relationship between teachers and the families of young children, which are components that impact the quality of early childhood education. The findings indicate that, overall, these elements are present at a high level.

Conclusion: The research indicates that the quality of early childhood education is significantly influenced by a suitable curriculum, a rich learning environment, integrated developmental activities, effective assessment, and strong teacher-family relationships, all of which are present at a high level.

The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership of School Administrators and Happiness of Teachers in the Secondary Educational Service Area Office of Samut Prakan

Milinn Thangjai — 2026-01-15

Background and Aims: Educational change is a crucial factor that often has a direct impact on improving the quality of educational institutions and the development of their personnel. In particular, school administrators play a central role in driving such change and in creating a working environment that supports teachers’ happiness. Effective and appropriate transformational leadership is a key factor in igniting inspiration and fostering teachers’ work happiness, leading to the improvement of teaching quality and the enhancement of student learning outcomes. Therefore, this research aimed to 1) examine the level of transformational leadership among school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office of Samut Prakan; 2) examine the level of happiness of teachers under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office of Samut Prakan; and 3) investigate the relationship between transformational leadership of school administrators and happiness of teachers under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office of Samut Prakan.

Methodology: This was survey research. The samples consisted of 333 teachers under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office of Samut Prakan, in the academic year 2024, selected through multi-stage random sampling. First, stratified random sampling was conducted using the size of educational institutions as the stratification criterion. Then, simple random sampling was performed by drawing lots without replacement. The research instrument was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire developed by the researcher with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.980. The data were analyzed using standard deviation (SD), and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient.

Results: 1) The overall level of transformational leadership among school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office of Samut Prakan was at a high level (Mean = 4.11; SD = 0.81). 2) The overall level of happiness of teachers under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office of Samut Prakan was at a high level (Mean = 4.31; SD = 0.54). 3) There was a high positive relationship between transformational leadership of school administrators and teachers’ happiness with statistical significance at the .01 level.

Conclusion: The study found that transformational leadership of school administrators had a strong positive relationship with teachers’ happiness with statistical significance at the .01 level. This reflects the importance of leaders who foster a positive working atmosphere, support continuous learning, and strengthen interpersonal relationships within the organization. Such leadership contributes to teachers’ happiness, enhances their quality of life, and drives the school toward becoming a genuine learning organization.

Promoting Problem-solving Thinking by Organizing Integrated Learning, Using the Problem as a Basis for Mathayomsuksa 4 Phadungnari School

Weerasak Luangsueb — 2026-01-15

Background and Aims: Learning through problem-based blended approaches plays a critical role in both education and skill development. The objectives of this research are: The research aims to examine the practice of enhancing students' problem-solving abilities. The classroom serves as the site for this action research.

Research Methodology: This investigation uses both quantitative and qualitative research methods as part of its mixed-methods approach. The study targets a group of 39 students from Mathayom 4/2. Researchers used five distinct instruments, which include the Problem-solving process learning management plan with blended learning: problem-solving ability test, Satisfaction questionnaire, Diary form, and Behavioral observation form. Data analysis is divided into 2 types: Qualitative data analysis involves the examination, interpretation, and summarization of results, which are then presented in narrative form. 2) The quantitative data analysis approach employs mean and standard deviation.

Results: The research findings demonstrate that students develop problem-solving abilities through blended learning management, which uses problems to establish interest through five steps and encourages learners to independently search for knowledge based on their strengths. 2) The research findings about problem-solving demonstrated that learners possess a high degree of problem-solving expertise. 3) The blended learning management system receives high satisfaction ratings from learners.

Conclusion: Students show better solution-thinking skills through blended learning management that uses problem-solving as its foundation. Students utilize the problem-solving process to independently research knowledge and develop their solutions to problems.

Development of a Blended Vocational Training Model for Department Skill Development

Pornpoj Sawangdee — 2026-01-15

Background and Objectives The university's teaching and learning management uses the competency-based curriculum, which is a curriculum that aims for learners to develop core competencies that are important for living, working, and learning, that are necessary for a quality life. This research aims to 1) synthesize documents and research related to blended training to promote labor skill development, 2) develop a blended training model to promote labor skill development, and 3) evaluate blended training to promote labor skill development.

Research Methodology Three groups of samples were analyzed: 1) Research documents, theses, and doctoral dissertations to analyze the principles, concepts, and theories related to problems and needs, and then synthesize them to obtain guidelines for developing the model. 2) The population is experts who are used to collecting opinions and suggestions on the development of blended vocational training models according to the Department of Skill Development's skill upgrading curriculum. 3) The population is qualified people who are used to evaluate the appropriateness of blended vocational training models according to the Department of Skill Development's skill upgrading curriculum. The research instruments consisted of 1) a record form for synthesizing documents, concepts, theories, and research, 2) an in-depth expert interview form, and 3) an evaluation form for blended training models according to the skill level curriculum. Department of Skill Development

Research Results 1. Results of the study of the synthesis of documents and research data sources related to career management that promotes problem-solving thinking of career participants. The sample group was selected by purposive sampling, divided into each area as follows: 1) 10 learning model documents, 2) 5 vocational activity documents, 3) 10 problem-solving thinking documents, 4) 4 technical and methodological documents, and 5) 2 measurement and evaluation documents. 2. Results of the development of a blended training model to promote labor skill development according to the Department of Skill Development's skill-enhancing training curriculum. There are 6 supporting factors: 1) vocational training activity organization, 2) role of trainers, 3) role of trainees, 4) curriculum and content, 5) training equipment and facilities, and 6) measurement and evaluation. The blended learning model has been evaluated by experts as being useful and can be effectively applied. 3. Results of the evaluation of the blended vocational training model according to the Department of Skill Development's skill-enhancing curriculum. It is a tool used to assess 1) feasibility, 2) accuracy, 3) appropriateness, and 4) usefulness in collecting opinions and suggestions from experts on the model that the researcher has synthesized.

Conclusion of the research results. The mixed training model to promote labor skill development is a guideline for developing competencies for workers and those interested, which will be useful in solving labor force problems in line with labor skill standards and meet labor market needs, providing opportunities for craftsmen who do not have the opportunity to study.

Development of Project-Based Learning (PBL) Activities Regarding the Production of Parts with Machine Tools. Vocational Certificate Level (Vocational Certificate 3) in the Field of Factory Mechanics

Pranomsak Siripat — 2026-01-16

Background and Aims: The development of project-based learning (PBL) activities on the production of parts with machine tools at the vocational certificate level (Vocational Certificate 3) in the field of industrial mechanics has the following objectives: 1. To develop project-based learning (PBL) activities on the production of parts with machine tools at the vocational certificate level (Vocational Certificate 3) in the field of industrial mechanics to be effective by comparing with the standard criteria. 2. To compare the academic achievement of students who studied using the development of project-based learning (PBL) activities on the production of parts with machine tools at the vocational certificate level (Vocational Certificate 3) in the field of industrial mechanics. 3. To develop the practical skills of students who studied using the development of project-based learning (PBL) activities on the production of parts with machine tools at the vocational certificate level (Vocational Certificate 3) in the field of industrial mechanics. Research Methodology: Development of project-based learning (PBL) activities on the production of parts with machine tools at the vocational certificate level (Vocational Certificate 3) in the field of industrial mechanics. 1) Study the teaching plan, subject description, content, objectives, subject content, project writing principles, teaching methods, activities, and teaching media. Measurement and evaluation of the content is divided into 8 activities.

Results: 1. The creative problem-solving learning plan consists of 1. Problem understanding stage 2. Creating diverse ideas for solving problems 3. Preparation stage for implementation and 4. Planning and implementing the concept. The efficiency of the project-based learning (PBL) activity development plan on the production of parts with machine tools at the vocational certificate level (Vocational Certificate 3) in the field of mechanical engineering was 91.65/84.4, which was above the specified criteria. 2. The vocational certificate level (Vocational Certificate 3) in the field of mechanical engineering had an academic achievement of developing project-based learning (PBL) activities on the production of parts with machine tools after studying, which was significantly higher than before studying at a statistical level of .05. 3. The vocational certificate level (Vocational Certificate 3) in the field of mechanical engineering after studying was significantly higher than before studying at a statistical level of .01.

Conclusion: The development of project-based learning activities (PBL) on the production of parts with machine tools was higher than the academic achievement before studying, statistically significant at 0.01.

Development of Dance Learning Activity, Creative Isan Dance Floor Set by Applying the Concept of Davey for Grade 1

Khongkrit Tarasri — 2026-01-16

Background and Aims: This experimental research project, which aims to develop a novel Isan folk dance learning activity for seventh-grade students, employs quantitative methodologies and draws inspiration from Dewey's educational theory. With an efficiency standard of 80/80, the objectives are to: (1) design an interesting Isan folk dance learning exercise based on Dewey's philosophy for seventh-grade students; (2) determine the activity's effectiveness index; and (3) gauge students' satisfaction with the innovative Dewey-based Isan folk dance learning exercise. For the study, 36 Grade 7 pupils from the second semester of the 2021 academic year were selected using purposive sampling.

Research Methodology: The research sample consisted of 36 Grade 7 students from the second semester of the 2021 academic year, specifically selected from one classroom (Class 1/15) due to the students' strong agility skills and the high number of male and female students involved in the school's dance group.

Results: The creative Isan folk dance learning activity for seventh-grade students obtained an efficiency rating of 81.30/85.04 based on Dewey's theory, which was consistent with the established 80/80 standard. The significantly higher post-test scores when compared to the pre-test results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the students' practical dance skills at the.05 level. Overall, students rated the practical dance skills and the imaginative Isan folk dance learning activity, which was founded on Dewey's philosophy, highly.

Conclusion: Based on Dewey's concept, the innovative Isan folk dance learning exercise was created for seventh-grade children. It was discovered to have highly relevant content and to have produced high academic achievement and general student happiness.

The Service System Integration of the Damrongdhama Center for Enhancement to Solve the Problem of People in the Digital Era

Nobnopparat Sappakon — 2026-01-16

Background and Aims: The Damrongdhama Center is an agency of the Ministry of Interior, which is responsible for receiving complaints and solve problem of people. This article aims to study the service system integration of the Damrongdhama Center with a focus on innovation development and application of appropriate technology in operations, which will lead to concrete achievements that can facilitate and respond to the needs of the people quickly and efficiently.

Methodology: This study is a documentary study by systematically collecting and analyzing articles, books, electronic documents, and descriptive presentations.

Results: The Damrongdhama Center has integrated the design and changed the service model via websites and applications such as www.1567.moi.go.th, www.damrongdhama.moi.go.th, the MOI 1567 application, and the MOI INFO 1567 application. There is a focus on integrating various services by using technology system to improve the service process to be faster and less complicate which leads to benefits for people: 1) receiving better digital government services, 2) being convenient from receiving one-stop services, 3) using only one ID card to contact for everything, 4) being able to access government information via digital channels, 5) using the government digital service system is safe, 6) paying for various service is convenient and fast, and 7) the rate of paying various fees or service charges has been reduced. Therefore, the application of technology is an important factor in improving the organization to fully advance into digital work, consistent with the needs of people for enhancing the organization to keep up with the ever-changing technology.

Conclusion: The Damrongdhama Center of the Ministry of Interior has integrated the service systems to access and respond to the needs of people in the digital age via websites and applications that people can easily access, anywhere, anytime, and can solve urgent problems promptly.

Physical Education Activity Usage Behavior of Students of Ayutthaya Vocational College in the Era of Social Media

Nattapat Watcharapattanakul — 2026-01-16

Background and Aims: Physical education activities play an important role in developing individuals to become more complete human beings. They can enhance physical, mental, emotional, and social aspects, especially in an era dominated by social media, which influences students' health behaviors. The objectives of this research were to 1) study the behavior of using physical education activities of students of Ayutthaya Vocational College in the era of social media, and 2) compare the behavior of students of Ayutthaya Vocational College of Physical Education in the era of social media classification by level of education.

Methodology: This research is a quantitative study. The population research was students at the level of Professional and Higher Professional Diploma in Ayutthaya Vocational College. The 478 samples were from 297 Professional Diploma and 181 Higher Professional Diploma students by multi-stage sampling; cluster sampling by using the level as a random unit, and simple sampling. The research tool was a questionnaire on the behavior of using physical education activities of students of Ayutthaya Vocational College in the era of social media. The whole questionnaire's reliability is 0.975. The statistics for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

Results: The research results found that (1) The overall physical education activity behavior of students was at a high level. The level of physical education activity behavior in all 5 dimensions was at a high level. (2) The results of the comparison of physical education activity usage behavior of the students of Ayutthaya Vocational College in the era of social media, overall, and the behavior of usage of physical education activities in 2 other aspects, namely, recreational activities and miscellaneous games, rhythmic activities, and dancing were significantly different at a statistical level of .05.

Conclusion: The behavior of using physical education activities among students in Ayutthaya Vocational College is overall high in all 5 areas. However, when considering the differences based on educational levels, they differ both in recreational activities and miscellaneous games, as well as rhythmic activities and dancing. Students at both levels exhibit different behaviors, which may be due to interests according to age and experiences that vary depending on the duration of their studies.

Personnel Management by School Administrators in the Group of Educational Institutions under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 8

Wichuda Janrattana — 2026-01-16

Background and Aims: This research aims 1) to examine the personnel management practices of school administrators in Group 8 of the educational institutions under the Office of Special Education Administration, as perceived by teachers. 2) To compare the personnel management practices of school administrators in Group 8 of the educational institutions under the Office of Special Education Administration, based on teachers’ perceptions, categorized by gender, age, administrative experience, and type of school.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of 285 teachers from educational institutions under the Office of Special Education Administration, Group 8, in the academic year 2024. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan's table, and simple random sampling was employed through a non-replacement lottery method. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The research results found that 1) The personnel management of school administrators in Group 8 of the educational institutions under the Office of Special Education Administration was found to be at a high level in all aspects. 2) When classified by gender, the overall personnel management showed statistically significant differences at the .01 level. However, when considering each aspect individually, it was found that male and female teachers had no significant difference in their opinions regarding the personnel development aspect. When classified by age, the overall personnel management practices of administrators in Group 8 showed statistically significant differences at the .01 level. When classified by administrative experience, overall personnel management practices also differed. In particular, the recruitment and appointment aspect showed a statistically significant difference at the .01 level. When classified by the type of institution, the overall personnel management of school administrators in Group 8 showed statistically significant differences at the .01 level.

Conclusion: The study found that the personnel management of school administrators in Group 8 of the institutions under the Office of Special Education Administration was rated at a high level across all areas, reflecting effective human resource management. Nevertheless, the findings indicated statistically significant differences in personnel management practices when analyzed by personal factors in several dimensions.

Review the Effectiveness of E-commerce Digital Marketing in Increasing Entrepreneurs’ Benefits in Thailand

Aumpol Kumvilai — 2026-01-17

Background and Aims: Small and Medium Enterprises Literature study digital transformation, internal process implementation, change, or introduction of new technology, but changing the business model to help entrepreneurs progress quickly.

Methodology: Review the literature related to digital marketing, the work processes involved between E-commerce entrepreneurs, consumers, new technologies, and past innovations.

Results: The content of this article can help create an understanding. Electronic commerce: To create a perspective on academic processes and benefits for modern marketers, change the model to make it more convenient for consumers and businesses. However, they face increasing risks and difficulties in the adoption of new digital technologies. The costs, familiarity, and training costs are increasing. This is mostly due to resource and skill limitations, and it understands the value that fully meets the business. This article will explain the benefits that entrepreneurs, businessmen, and academics will benefit from creating knowledge effectively.

Conclusion: This literature survey will help academics and entrepreneurs comprehensively understand the effectiveness of digital e-commerce marketing in increasing the benefits for entrepreneurs in Thailand. It is also a quality study that considers specific cultural, economic, and technological factors that influence digital marketing strategies in the Thai market.

Effect of Bodyweight Training on Basketball Skills for Middle School in the People's Republic of China

Yuxing Xin — 2026-01-17

Background and Aims: Basketball is a widely popular sport in China, contributing significantly to physical development and professional opportunities for young athletes. However, limited muscle power in shooting skills among high school players remains a barrier to competition success. This study aimed to investigate the effects of plyometric training on muscle power related to basketball shooting among high school students in Yichun, Jiangxi Province.

Methodology: The study utilized a quasi-experimental design. A sample of 60 students was selected from an initial population of 84 through performance-based screening in free-throw shooting. Participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group, each comprising 30 students. The experimental group engaged in plyometric training combined with regular basketball shooting drills, while the control group practiced standard shooting exercises. Training occurred three times weekly (Monday, Wednesday, Friday) over eight weeks. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered at the start, the 4th week, and the 8th week. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent t-tests.

Results: Both groups showed improvements in basketball shooting performance over time. However, the experimental group that received plyometric training demonstrated significantly greater enhancements in muscle power and shooting performance compared to the control group. At week 8, the experimental group's shooting scores increased from a pre-test mean of 37.33 (SD = 1.03) to 42.16 (SD = 0.49), which was statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

Conclusion: Plyometric training effectively enhanced muscle power and improved basketball shooting performance among high school students. This suggests that integrating plyometric exercises into basketball training programs could be beneficial for skill and strength development.

Book Review of Thai Business and Economic Groups: Escaping the Middle-Income Trap

Martin Goerlich — 2026-01-17

Background and Aims: This book review critically examines Business Groups and the Thailand Economy: Escaping the Middle-Income Trap by Associate Professor Natenapha Wailerdsak (Wailerdsak, 2023). The book analyzes how Thai family business conglomerates shape Thailand’s transition from a middle- to high-income economy through an interdisciplinary lens that combines political economy, strategic management, and institutional analysis.

Methodology: Wailerdsak employs a robust mixed-methods approach, integrating theoretical frameworks with firm-level data and sectoral typologies to investigate historical, organizational, and policy-related dynamics.

Results: The book is organized into three parts: theoretical foundations, innovation-led development policy, and empirical analysis of Thai business group behavior. Key findings include five organizational mechanisms, selective specialization, political influence, mergers and acquisitions, foreign investment, and strategic alliances, that have enabled these groups to expand and adapt.

Conclusion: The book introduces a threefold typology of business group models and concludes with policy recommendations to address structural inefficiencies and promote inclusive growth. This review finds the book a timely and original contribution to literature on development economics and Southeast Asian corporate systems. While the analysis could benefit from deeper cross-country comparisons, cultural contextualization, and discussion of regulatory institutions, the book remains a compelling resource for academics and policymakers alike.

The Influence of Employees' Power Distance Perception and Trust on Their Implicit Followership Behavior: Based on Construal Level Theory and Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Lingyan Zhou — 2026-01-17

Background and Aims: With the intensification of organizational complexity, employees' spontaneous support behaviors, such as implicit followership behavior, have become crucial for sustaining enterprise innovation and competitiveness. This study examines how employees’ perceived power distance and trust influence their implicit followership behavior, drawing on Construal Level Theory and Cognitive Dissonance Theory.

Methodology: A quantitative survey of 405 R&D employees in Chinese high-tech SMEs was conducted using structured questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and multiple regression analysis were used to test hypotheses regarding the relationships among employees' power distance perception, cognitive trust, affective trust, and implicit followership behavior.

Results: The results reveal that employees' power distance perception has a significant positive impact on their implicit followership behavior. Both cognitive trust and affective trust play partial mediating roles in this relationship. Higher power distance perception enhances implicit followership through increased cognitive and affective trust in leaders.

Conclusion: Employees' power distance perception significantly influences their trust levels and implicit followership behaviors. Organizations should pay attention to employees' perceptions of power structures, actively cultivate cognitive and affective trust, and thereby stimulate employees' positive, spontaneous behaviors. This study provides theoretical contributions to the fields of organizational behavior and leadership and offers practical guidance for optimizing leadership and management practices in dynamic organizational contexts.

Analyze the Representation of a Healthy Lifestyle in Advertisements for Functional Drinks in 2020-2023

Chanathip Ampairojjanawong — 2026-01-18

Background and Aims: Functional beverages, especially those containing vitamin C, have experienced a marked increase in popularity as consumers have become more health-conscious in their formulation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Advertising has therefore assumed a vital function in constructing visual narratives of wellness, which in turn can shape consumer perceptions. This study aims to examine and compare the representations and visual semiotic elements of good health in functional beverage commercials, both during and after the COVID-19 outbreak, spanning the period from 2020 to 2023.

Methodology: The study employs a combination of content analysis and in-depth interviews. This research investigates 12 vitamin C beverage advertisements (one per year) from the 3 leading market-share brands C-vitt, Hi X DHC, and Woody C+selected based on their annual YouTube view counts between 2020 and 2023. In addition, three commercial directors responsible for campaigns from these brands were interviewed directly. Discussion topics focused on the elements of health representations, visual semiotics, and changes or continuities in these elements across 2020–2023. Findings are articulated in a descriptive narrative.

Results: The findings revealed that from 2020 to 2022, depictions of good health representation featured female celebrities in professional contexts. In contrast, the 2023 commercials shifted toward everyday consumers, emphasizing individual experiences to appeal to broader audiences. Visual semiotic examination showed that while each brand’s ads adapted storylines and visual motifs to align with prevailing marketing trends, all maintained core associations with vitality, refreshment, and an energizing effect.

Conclusion: Key factors influencing the consumption of vitamin C beverages include the use of celebrity endorsements, which likely shift towards using general consumers as representatives, elements conveying naturalness, and health values, particularly the association of health with female beauty standards, often portrayed as slim, fair-skinned, and youthful. Additionally, Japanese cultural values, symbolizing credibility in health, play a significant role in shaping the image of functional beverages.

Entrepreneurial Leadership Affecting the Success Factors of Startup Businesses in Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Jintawee Raidee — 2026-01-18

Background and Aims: The research on entrepreneurial leadership affecting the success factors of startup businesses in Nakhon Ratchasima province aims to assess the level of entrepreneurial leadership among startup entrepreneurs in Nakhon Ratchasima, to determine the level of success achieved by these startup businesses, and to analyze the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on startup business success in the province.

Methodology: This research utilized a survey approach. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on a five-point rating scale to evaluate entrepreneurial leadership. The sample consisted of 330 startup entrepreneurs in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: This research indicated that the overall level of entrepreneurial leadership among startup entrepreneurs was high (\bar{x}= 4.38, S.D. = 0.315), the overall level of business success among startups was also high (\bar{x}= 4.11, S.D. = 0.457), and entrepreneurial leadership, particularly in the dimensions of idealized influence and clear vision articulation, had a statistically significant effect on startup success at the 0.01 level, with an R² of 0.207.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that both entrepreneurial leadership and business success among startup entrepreneurs in Nakhon Ratchasima are at high levels. Furthermore, entrepreneurial leadership significantly influences business success, especially through idealized influence and clear vision articulation, accounting for 20.70% of the variance (R² = 0.207) at the 0.01 significance level.

Guidelines for the Development of Effective Dual Vocational Education Management in Educational Institutions under the Surin Vocational Education Office

Sutas Taneepoon — 2026-01-18

Background and Aims: The development of an effective dual education system management is the process of improving and enhancing the educational management model that emphasizes cooperation between educational institutions and business establishments, to produce positive outcomes in developing learners with skills that directly meet labor market demands. This research aims to: 1) study the current conditions, desired conditions, and essential needs for effective dual vocational education management in educational institutions under the surin vocational education office; 2) study guidelines for developing effective dual vocational education management in educational institutions under the surin vocational education office; and 3) evaluate the guidelines for developing effective dual vocational education management in educational institutions under the surin vocational education office.

Methodology: The population of this study consisted of 601 individuals, comprising 38 school administrators and 563 vocational teachers from eight colleges under the Surin Vocational Education Office during the 2024 academic year. A sample group consisting of 8 educational institution administrators and 226 teachers, totaling 234 participants. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970: 121) sample size determination table. A stratified random sampling method was employed, categorized by educational institution. The research instruments included a Likert-scale questionnaire, an in-depth interview form, and an evaluation form assessing the appropriateness and feasibility of proposed guidelines. The statistical methods used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, and the Priority Needs Index (PNI).
Results: The findings revealed that (1) the current state of effective dual vocational education management in educational institutions under the Surin Vocational Education Office was at a high level overall, while the desired state was at the highest level overall. When ranking the Priority Needs Index from high to low, the needs were: 1) quality of cooperation between educational institutions and establishments, 2) quality of management, 3) quality of learners and graduates, and 4) quality of teaching and learning management. (2) The guidelines for developing effective dual vocational education management in educational institutions under the surin vocational education office consisted of 23 approaches across 4 components: 1) quality of management, comprising 7 approaches; 2) quality of teaching and learning management, comprising 6 approaches; 3) quality of learners and graduates, comprising 6 approaches; and 4) quality of cooperation between educational institutions and establishments, comprising 4 approaches. (3) The evaluation of appropriateness and feasibility of the guidelines for developing effective dual vocational education management in educational institutions under the surin vocational education office showed that both the appropriateness evaluation and the overall feasibility evaluation were at the highest level.
Conclusion: In the development of effective dual vocational education management for educational institutions under the Surin Vocational Education Office, the component with the highest priority need was the quality of cooperation between educational institutions and establishments. The guidelines for developing effective dual vocational education management in these institutions consisted of 23 approaches. The evaluation results showed that both the appropriateness and feasibility of these guidelines were at the highest level.

Guidelines for Promoting Technology Leadership of School Administrators in the Digital Era under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Nonthaburi

Somjit Panthorn — 2026-01-18

Background and Aims: Technology leadership refers to the behaviors exhibited by school administrators that influence teachers and educational personnel in the area of digital technology. It encompasses the ability to understand, create, access, and effectively integrate digital technologies into school administration. The objectives of this study were to 1) study the technology leadership of school administrators in the digital era; 2) compare teachers’ opinions toward the technology leadership of school administrators, classified by age, education level, work experience, and school size; and 3) propose guidelines for promoting technology leadership of school administrators in the digital era.

Methodology: This research was a quantitative study. The sample consisted of 320 teachers from schools under the Nonthaburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office, selected through stratified random sampling based on school size, and five school administrators for an interview. The research instruments were a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview form. The data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-way ANOVA, LSD, and content analysis.

Results: The results of the research were as follows: 1) The technology leadership of school administrators in the digital era was at a high level in overall and particular aspects, ranking as follows: Supporting technology-based learning management, Professional expertise, Assessment and evaluation, Visionary technology leadership, Technology-based administration, and Legal and ethical considerations in society, 2) opinions of teachers on the technology leadership of school administrators, classified by education level and work experience, showed no significant differences, while the opinions classified by age and school size were statistically significantly different at the .01 and .05 levels, and 3) guidelines for promoting technology leadership of school administrators in the digital era included continuous self-development, driving a clear technological vision, facilitating access to digital technologies, supporting teachers in using technology in instructional management, encouraging teachers to produce professional works, developing administrators’ ability to manage through technology, promoting the use of technology in assessment and evaluation, and being role models for the ethical use of technology.

Conclusion: In the digital age, the technological leadership of educational administrators shows the highest average value in supporting learning management with technology; however, they should focus on improving their understanding of law and social ethics, which currently has the lowest average value. Therefore, administrators should be role models and provide training and knowledge to teachers and students about online social ethics. The opinions of teachers classified by education level and work experience are not different. Teachers with different ages and school sizes had significantly different opinions at the .01 and .05 levels.

A Study of Enhancing Grade 2 Students' Learning Achievement in Thai Tone Mark Rules Using Skill-Based Exercises and Instructional Songs

Sirirat Seehanam — 2026-01-18

Background and Aims: Most students use the wrong tones. This may be because the concept of tones still needs to be linked to understanding from other Thai language contents; that is, they must first know the groups of initial consonants (middle, high, and low) because each group of consonants has a different base sound. Knowing the groups of consonants and distinguishing the sounds will be an important foundation for inflection. The purposes of this research were to: 1) develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a skill-based exercise set combined with instructional songs for tonal mark modification, designed for grade 2 students at Nong Hoi Pang Bamnet Witthaya School, Nong Bua Daeng District, Chaiyaphum Province, based on the 80/80 efficiency criterion; 2) compare students' learning achievement in tonal mark modification before and after using the skill-based exercises with instructional songs; and 3) investigate students’ satisfaction with the instructional approach.

Methodology: The sample consisted of grade 2 students under the Tham Wua Daeng–Ta Yai Educational Quality Development Centre, Office of Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area 1, during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The samples were selected through cluster sampling and divided into three trial groups for evaluating the instructional tools: an individual trial (3 students), a small-group trial (6 students), and a field trial (30 students). Additionally, an experimental group of 20 students was used to evaluate the intervention. The research instruments included the skill-based exercise set with instructional songs for tonal mark modification, a learning management plan, and a word-reading achievement test. The data were analyzed using mean (\bar{x}), standard deviation (S.D.), and t-test.

Results: The findings revealed that the effectiveness of the skill-based exercises with instructional songs reached an efficiency of E1/E2 = 83.38/80.33, exceeding the predetermined 80/80 criterion. Students’ post-test learning achievement was significantly higher than the pre-test at the .05 level, with an average score of 84.67%. Students’ satisfaction was at the highest level, averaging 96.5%.

Conclusion: The study found that learning management using skill exercises with teaching songs significantly increased the academic achievement and tone inflection skills of students. The students achieved the criteria and had a high level of satisfaction with learning. This indicated that learning using skill exercises with teaching songs is an effective way to enhance tone inflection skills and increase learning achievement.

Factors Influencing Employee Retention in Logistics Service Companies in Nonthaburi Province

Ladawan Sawangarom — 2026-01-18

Background and Aims: The logistics industry in Nonthaburi Province has experienced continuous growth; however, it is also facing a high employee turnover rate, which adversely affects organizational efficiency and operational costs. This study aims: (1) to examine work attitudes, work motivation, and employee retention, and (2) to investigate the relationship between work attitudes and work motivation that influence employee retention in logistics service companies in Nonthaburi Province.

Methodology: This is a quantitative research study utilizing a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. A sample of 400 employees was selected using Cochran’s formula. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: 1) Work attitude was rated at a high level, particularly in the aspect of employee participation. Work motivation was rated at the highest level, with compensation and welfare scoring the highest. Employee retention was also rated at a high level. 2) The results revealed that both work attitude and work motivation were positively and significantly correlated with employee retention. Moreover, multiple regression analysis indicated that the most influential factor on employee retention was the sense of achievement and recognition.

Conclusion: Enhancing employee satisfaction and achievement in the workplace, along with providing appropriate welfare benefits, can effectively increase organizational commitment and reduce employee turnover in logistics service companies in Nonthaburi Province.

Effects of Using An “IT SAYS-I SAY-AND SO” Teaching Technique on the Problem-Solving Ability and Attitudes Towards Learning About Thai Literature of Year-2 Secondary School Students

Phra Prasong Jankum — 2026-01-19

Background and Aims: Reading Thai literature plays a crucial role in developing students’ analytical thinking, interpretive abilities, and creative reasoning. Through Thai literary study, students engage in connecting knowledge from texts, articulating well-founded opinions, and critically evaluating literary value. Despite these benefits, Grade 8 students at a secondary school in Nonthaburi Province have demonstrated low academic achievement in Thai literature and expressed disinterest, perceiving literary studies as irrelevant to everyday life situations. To address this challenge, it is necessary to implement instructional approaches and/or techniques that emphasize analytical thinking and active discussion. In response, this research explores the application of the “It Says-I Say-And So” teaching technique in literature classes for these students. The study aimed to compare students’ problem-solving abilities and attitudes toward learning about Thai literature before and after the experiment.

Methodology: This quasi-experimental study targeted 23 Grade 8 students from a secondary school in Nonthaburi Province during the second semester of the 2024 academic year, selected through purposive sampling. Three research instruments were employed: (1) fifteen 50-minute lesson plans using the “It Says-I Say-And So” instructional technique, with an item-objective congruence (IOC) index averaging 1.00; (2) a problem-solving ability test, which demonstrated an IOC index of 0.66, a reliability coefficient of 0.74, item discrimination (r) ranging from 0.30 to 0.70, and item difficulty (p) between 0.45 and 0.65; and (3) an attitude scale measuring students’ perceptions of literature learning, which had an IOC index of 1.00, a reliability of 0.87, and item discrimination values between 0.25 and 0.85. Data were analyzed using median, standard deviation, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to determine statistical differences.

Results: The findings revealed that the students who received instruction through the “It Says-I Say-And So” teaching technique demonstrated significantly higher problem-solving abilities and attitudes toward learning about Thai literature than before the experiment. The difference was statistically significant at the .05 level (Sig. = 0.003, 0.014), supporting the research hypotheses.

Conclusion: “It Says-I Say-And So” teaching technique supported students’ analytical thinking, critical reasoning, and abilities to connect knowledge from Thai literary texts to real-life applications. The teaching technique also enabled students to incorporate ideas and lessons learned from Thai literature as part of their reasoning and planning processes for addressing problems encountered in everyday life situations.

A Study on the Factors Affecting the Development of Environmental Health Service System Quality in Local Government Organizations within Health Region 4

Pornpirin Promwat — 2026-01-19

Background and Aims: Providing environmental and public health services is one of the most crucial responsibilities of comprehensive local administrative authorities. Efficient systems and tools are needed to improve organizational management and boost work standards to a worldwide level. Investigating the evolution of environmental health care systems in Health Region 4's local administrative organizations, along with organizational components, practitioners, and outside support, is the aim of this study.

Methodology: The sample group consists of 96 municipalities at all levels that passed the basic level or higher of the environmental health service system standard certification in 2020–2022. Informants are the mayor/municipal secretary/director of the office/health department/person responsible for environmental health accreditation (EHA) development issues, one per municipality. Data were collected using a 5-level scale questionnaire (consistency index = 1; reliability = 0.95). Descriptive statistics included frequency distributions, percentages, means, and standard deviations.

Results: The research found that local administrative organizations had a moderate level of opinion toward the development of environmental health service systems, averaging 2.88. Organizational factors, external support, and practitioners were linked to the development
of environmental health service systems at high levels, averaging 4.16, 4.15, and 4.08, respectively. Organizational data showed the highest average opinion level, with organizational management policy averaging 4.34 (standard deviation 0.50), while resource readiness.
was lowest, averaging 4.03 (standard deviation 0.67). Analysis of external support data revealed that certification assessment had the highest average opinion level, 4.22 (standard deviation 0.76), while tools used in operations had the lowest, 4.10 (standard deviation 0.72). For practitioner data, attitude had the highest average opinion level, at 4.35 (standard deviation 0.56), while practitioner knowledge and understanding had the lowest, at 4.11 (standard deviation 0.61).

Conclusion: Local administration organizations recognize the importance of developing environmental health service systems. This necessitates components that methodically advance organizational development, such as clear administrative policies that outline the objectives and trajectory of environmental health operations and the dedicated staff's commitment to doing their duties to the best of their abilities. Increased resource preparedness and worker comprehension will boost efficiency. External certification and assessment can increase development and confidence, even while operational instruments may not fully satisfy needs, reflecting organizational limitations in applying external techniques. Enhancing the efficacy and responsiveness of environmental and public health services requires these components.

A Study of the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership of School Principals and Teachers’ Participation in Academic Administration in Schools under the Sisaket-Yasothon Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Pradit Laoruang — 2026-01-20

Background and Aims: Transformational leadership and academic administration refer to the roles and behaviors of school leaders (e.g., school principals) who utilize vision, inspiration, and personal influence to motivate teachers and educational personnel toward positive change in the processes of academic administration. This leadership approach aims to enhance educational outcomes by improving student quality, fostering innovative teaching practices, and promoting knowledge development within the school. The purpose of this study was threefold: 1) To examine the level of transformational leadership among school administrators, 2) To investigate the level of teacher participation in academic administration within schools, and 3) To analyze the relationship between the transformational leadership of school administrators and the level of teacher participation in academic administration.

Methodology: The sample group in this study consisted of four informants from each selected school, totaling one school director, one deputy director for academic affairs, and two teachers. The reliability coefficient of the research instrument was 0.963, indicating high internal consistency. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean (), standard deviation (S.D.), and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient (r).

Results: The findings revealed that: 1) The current condition of teachers' occupational well-being under the Surin Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 was rated at a high level overall. 2) The development of guidelines to enhance teachers' occupational well-being through focus group discussions identified twenty specific strategies. 3)The evaluation of the proposed guidelines indicated that both their overall appropriateness and feasibility were rated at a high level.

Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed the following: The level of transformational leadership among school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Sisaket-Yasothon was found to be high overall (\bar{x}= 4.67, S.D. = 0.40). The level of teacher participation in academic administration in schools under the same jurisdiction was also found to be high (\bar{x}= 4.39, S.D. = 0.84). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between transformational leadership of school administrators and teacher participation in academic administration at the 0.01 level. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.614, indicating a moderate level of correlation.

Factors Influencing Quality of Life Among Caregivers of Dependent Elderly Persons in Phitsanulok Province

Bussarawadee Seangsuwan — 2026-01-20

Background and Objectives: Thailand has caregivers working to care for the elderly in care centers. The care is difficult and complex. Caring for the elderly who are dependent affects their quality of life and causes stress in caring for them. Aimed to study levels of stress, quality of life, and analyze the relationship between stress and Quality of Life among the dependent older caregivers in Phitsanulok Province.

Research Methodology: This study was cross – sectional research. The study included 73 Caregivers for dependent elderly who have completed 840 hours of training and a certificate from the Ministry of Education, working at a care center in Phitsanulok Province. Participants aged 18-45 years. The data were collected using questionnaires, which included demographic data, personal stress levels, and quality of life assessments. The analysis of the data was performed using descriptive statistics, including percentages, means, standard deviations, and inferential statistics were utilized for the Spearman rank test to analyze the relationship between stress and quality of life. Statistical significance p-value < 0.05

Results: The sample groups were caregivers totaling 701 people, who were mostly female with an average age of 28.11 years. Overall, their stress was at a moderate level (69.90%) with an average of 50.54. Moderate stress included economics (61.60%), followed by mental stress (53.40%) and physical stress (52.10%). Low stress included responsibilities (5.70%). Overall, their quality of life was at a moderate level (67.10%) with an average of 88.55 and a standard deviation of 12.076. When classified by aspect, it was found that physical health, mental health, social relationships, and the environment were mostly at a moderate level. Age and education were significantly and inversely related to stress at r = -0.270 (P< 0.05) and r = -0.349 (P< 0.05). Marital status and income were significantly and inversely related to quality of life at r = 0.538 (P< 0.01) and r = 0.406 (P< 0.01), and working hours were significantly and inversely related to quality of life at r = 0.252 (P< 0.05).

Conclusion: Caregivers of dependent elderly have moderate levels of stress and quality of life. Factors that are inversely related to stress include age and education. Factors that are related to quality of life include marital status, income, and working hours. Therefore, promoting work planning in the organization and building relationships with personnel to reduce work stress problems will directly affect the good work quality of life and appropriate work.

Promoting the Occupational Well-Being of Teachers Affiliated with the Surin Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Teerapong Chawna — 2026-01-20

Background and Aims: Promoting the occupational well-being of teachers refers to practices that promote teachers' happiness, job satisfaction, and overall quality of work life, thereby enabling them to perform their duties effectively. This research aims to: 1) Examine the current state of well-being enhancement among teachers, 2) Explore approaches for enhancing teachers’ well-being at work, and 3) Evaluate the proposed approaches for promoting teachers’ well-being in the Office of Surin Primary Educational Service Area 1.

Methodology: The population of this study consisted of school administrators and teachers in basic education schools under the Office of Surin Primary Educational Service Area 1 in the academic year 2024, totaling 2,842 individuals. The sample group consisted of 351 school administrators and teachers from the same group and academic year. The instruments used in this research included a rating scale questionnaire, a focus group discussion guide, and an evaluation form to assess the appropriateness and feasibility of the proposed approaches. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation

Results: The findings revealed that: 1) The current condition of teachers' occupational well-being under the Surin Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 was rated at a high level overall. 2) The development of guidelines to enhance teachers' occupational well-being through focus group discussions identified twenty specific strategies. 3)The evaluation of the proposed guidelines indicated that both their overall appropriateness and feasibility were rated at a high level.

Conclusion: The study of the current state of promoting teachers’ well-being at work under the Office of Surin Primary Educational Service Area 1 found that the overall level of well-being promotion was high. A total of 20 approaches were identified for enhancing teachers’ well-being in this context. The evaluation of both the suitability and feasibility of these approaches indicated that they were, overall, at a high level.

The Relationship Between Digital Leadership and The Effectiveness of Schools Academic Administration under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Area 2

Piyanut Panusupawimon — 2026-01-20

Background and Aim: School administrators play a very important role in applying digital technology to management to effectively develop the quality of education. Therefore, the concept of digital leadership has received much attention. Leaders with digital leadership can lead schools to keep up with changes in technology and adapt to the rapidly changing educational environment. Especially in an era where online learning and the use of digital media in learning management have become important approaches in the education system, studying the digital leadership of school administrators is currently very necessary. The objectives of this research were: 1) To study the Digital Leadership of School Administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area 2; 2) To study the Effectiveness of Schools Academic Administration under the Secondary Educational Service Area 2; and 3) To examine the Relationship between Digital Leadership and the Effectiveness of Schools Academic Administration under the Secondary Educational Service Area 2.

Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 328 teachers who worked in schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area 2, which were selected by stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient.

Results: The results found that (1) Digital leadership of school administrators under the Office of the Secondary Education Area 2, Bangkok, is at a high level overall. When considering the classification of each aspect, it is at a high level. The classification of each aspect, ranked from highest to lowest, is as follows: digital communication, being a digital professional, having a digital vision, and creating a digital network for learning, respectively. (2) The academic administration effectiveness of school administrators under the Office of the Secondary Education Area 2, Bangkok, is at a high level overall. When considering the classification of each aspect, it is at a high level. The classification of each aspect, ranked from highest to lowest, is as follows: measurement and evaluation of learning outcomes, development of learning processes, and development of educational institution curricula, respectively. (3) The relationship between the digital leadership of school administrators and the academic administration effectiveness of school administrators under the Office of the Secondary Education Area 2, Bangkok. The researcher analyzed the relationship between the digital leadership of school administrators and the academic administration effectiveness of school administrators under the Office of the Secondary Education Area 2. Bangkok Area 2 as a whole has a high level of positive relationship with statistical significance at the .01 level.

Conclusion: The results show that school administrators in Bangkok Secondary Education Area 2 are very effective in all areas of academic administration and digital leadership. Additionally, a statistically significant positive association has been shown between the success of academic administration and digital leadership, highlighting the influence of digital capabilities on educational management outcomes.

Leadership and Human Resource Management Affecting Engagement at Surin Technical College

Supakarn Kunwattanapong — 2026-01-20

Background and Aims: At present, leadership and human resource management are factors that have a significant impact on the performance of personnel in organizations across all sectors, especially in terms of creating good relationships within the organization. When there are effective leaders and human resource management processes, it will help create an atmosphere conducive to working together. The objectives of this research are to study: 1. To study the leadership of administrators of Surin Technical College; 2. To study the human resource management of administrators of Surin Technical College; 3. To study the organizational commitment of Surin Technical College personnel; 4. To study the relationship between leadership and commitment to Surin Technical College, and 5. To study human resource management and commitment to Surin Technical

Methodology: The sample group of this research is the personnel of Surin Technical College, using Taro Yamane's formula, 249 people, 166 males, 83 females, and consisted of civil servant teachers, contract teachers, officers, and cleaning staff of Surin Technical College. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis were descriptive statistics, such as percentage and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, such as Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and multiple regression analysis.

Results: The overall level of opinions on leadership was low (average 2.50), with respondents having low opinions on inspiration, support for personal development, stimulation of creative thinking, and moderate opinions on being a good role model, indicating that overall, respondents viewed that the organization’s leadership was not outstanding in many aspects. The overall level of opinions on human resource management was moderate (average 2.67), with respondents having moderate opinions on human resource planning, training and development, and performance management, while having low to moderate opinions on recruitment and selection, and compensation and welfare management, indicating that respondents viewed the organization’s overall human resource management as relatively good, but there were still some aspects that needed improvement. The overall level of opinions on organizational commitment was moderate (average 2.93), with respondents having moderate opinions on emotional commitment, tangible commitment, and normative commitment, indicating that overall, respondents felt somewhat committed to the organization, in terms of emotional feelings, perception of the impact of leaving the organization, and feelings of duty and responsibility towards the organization.

Conclusion: The regression analysis results indicate that motivation, support for self-development, role modeling, training and development, performance management, and compensation and welfare management have statistically significant positive effects on organizational commitment. Conversely, stimulating creativity, human resource planning, and recruitment and selection were found to have no statistically significant effects on organizational commitment.

Needs Assessment for the Development of Learner-Centered Education Management for Sustainable Learning Partnership Schools

Sujinda Khumphokha Tatsa — 2026-01-20

Background and Aims: Education forms the cornerstone for human resources and national development, particularly in the rapidly evolving 21^st century. Despite Thailand's ongoing educational reforms, the 2018 PISA results revealed that Thai students performed below the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average across all domains. The Partnership School Project, launched by the Ministry of Education in 2018, fosters collaboration among government agencies, private sector organizations, and civil society in school management to enhance educational quality and reduce disparities. This research aimed to 1) investigate the current and desired states of student-centered education for sustainable learning in Partnership Schools, 2) analyze needs and formulate development strategies for student-centered education promoting sustainable learning in Partnership Schools, and 3) To propose strategic plans for enhancing the educational quality of collaborative development schools in diverse contextual areas, utilizing needs assessment analysis as the foundation for policy formulation and development guidelines.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative survey research design. The population comprised educational personnel working in 195 Partnership Schools across 18 provinces in Thailand. Using the Krejcie and Morgan table at a confidence level of 97.48%, a sample of 127 schools was determined. Data were collected from school administrators and teachers in the Partnership Schools, selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a needs assessment questionnaire. Data analysis involved calculating means, standard deviations, and the Priority Needs Index modified (PNI _Modified).

Results: The findings revealed that the current state of learner-centered education for sustainable learning in Partnership Schools was at a moderate level (\bar{x}= 3.049), whereas the desired state was at a high level (\bar{x}= 4.489). The aspect with the highest priority need was the establishment of an educational ecosystem conducive to learning (PNI _Modified= 0.598). This was followed by creating a participatory culture for sustainable development (PNI _Modified= 0.508), promoting career skills development according to local contexts (PNI _Modified= 0.493), fostering moral values, ethics, and hometown consciousness (PNI _Modified= 0.492), and strengthening essential skills for future teaching and learning (PNI _Modified= 0.482), respectively.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that collaborative development schools have significant needs for developing learner-centered educational management across all dimensions, particularly in creating educational ecosystems conducive to learning, which showed the highest priority index. The research findings revealed that the current state of educational management is at a moderate level, while the desired state is at the highest level. These results reflect gaps requiring development intervention. School administrators and stakeholders should prioritize the development of physical learning environments, procurement of appropriate media and technology, and enhancement of teachers' capacity for learner-centered instruction. Additionally, promoting collaborative networks with external agencies and multi-stakeholder participation in educational quality development is essential to achieve sustainable learning outcomes that genuinely respond to learners' needs. The findings guide the formulation of area-level educational policies, particularly regarding resource allocation and the development of collaborative schools to enhance efficiency in learner-centered education. Furthermore, systematic evaluation and monitoring of project progress should be implemented to ensure continuous improvement and accountability in educational development initiatives.

Emotional Intelligence of School Administrators under Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Abdulloh Ouseng — 2026-01-20

Background and Aims: In an era where social, technological and educational system changes are becoming faster and more complex, the role of school administrators is not only to have academic and management knowledge, but also to have the ability to effectively manage their own and others' emotions, or what is known as emotional intelligence, which is an important factor that promotes effective leadership. This research aimed to 1) study the emotional intelligence of school administrators under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area 1, Phatthalung, 2) study the comparison of emotional intelligence of school administrators under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area 1, Phatthalung, classified by personal factors: gender, education level, work experience, and school size; and 3) collect suggestions for developing emotional intelligence of school administrators under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area 1, Phatthalung.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research was school administrators under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area 1, Phatthalung. The sample of school administrators was distributed by simple random sampling, resulting in a sample of 88 school administrators. The research instrument used in this research was a 5-point rating scale questionnaire with a validity between 0.67-1.00 and a reliability of 0.987. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, analysis of variance, and content analysis.

Results: The research results found that 1) The overall emotional intelligence of school administrators under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area 1, Phatthalung, was at a high level. 2) School administrators under the jurisdiction of the Office of the Primary Education Area 1, Phatthalung, with different work experiences, had overall emotional intelligence that was significantly different at the 0.05 level. School administrators with different genders, education levels, and school sizes did not have overall emotional intelligence that was significantly different. and 3) Suggestions: In conclusion, executives need to have guidelines for dealing with stress and pressure that arise. This may be done by organizing training to provide knowledge and techniques for managing emotions. Including methods for systematically managing problems.

Conclusion: The research results indicate that school administrators under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area 1, Phatthalung, have a high level of emotional intelligence, especially in terms of emotional control and appropriate interaction with others. It was found that work experience was significantly related to the level of emotional intelligence, while gender, education level, and size of the school were not significantly different. From these results, it is recommended to continuously promote and develop guidelines for emotional management for administrators in order to increase their ability to manage under pressure and create effective leadership in the long term.

The Tibetan Education Model in Sichuan Province

Zelong Luo — 2026-01-21

Background and Aims This doctoral dissertation investigated the development of Tibetan education in China, focusing on the educational model in Sichuan Province. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bilingual education, the boarding school system, and vocational education in Tibetan areas, while addressing their cultural, social, and economic implications. The research included assessing the implementation of national ethnic education policies, identifying challenges in Tibetan education, and proposing recommendations for improvement.

Methodology: The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining educational anthropology with quantitative analysis. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed among students, teachers, and parents, as well as in-depth interviews with four Tibetan education experts and representatives from a prominent educational group in Sichuan. The research process involved fieldwork, including participant observation and ethnographic interviews, to capture the cultural and social dimensions of Tibetan education.

Results: The findings revealed that bilingual education has been instrumental in preserving Tibetan language and culture, although disparities in resource allocation persist. 2. The boarding school system effectively serves nomadic populations, but raises concerns about cultural detachment. Vocational education was found to align with local economic needs, yet it requires further development to enhance its impact. 3. The study concludes that a culturally sensitive approach, strengthened teacher training, and increased investment are essential for improving Tibetan education.

Conclusion: The research highlights that while educational programs promote Tibetan culture and economic needs, problems like cultural estrangement and inequity still exist. Long-term improvement requires a system that is better funded, more professionally supported, and culturally aware.

Voice of Heritage: An Interdisciplinary Study of Liu Xiaoyan’s Yu Opera Transmission

Chen Yuan — 2026-01-21

Background and Aims: Background and Aims: Yu Opera, originating in Henan Province, China, faces challenges in maintaining cultural relevance amid rapid urbanization and evolving entertainment preferences. Individual artists, notably Liu Xiaoyan, play a crucial role in preserving and innovating traditional arts. This study aims to examine Liu Xiaoyan’s transmission of the artistic and cultural essence of Yu Opera through an interdisciplinary approach.

Methodology: Employing qualitative ethnographic methodologies, the research integrates field observations and semi-structured interviews with three purposively selected informants. The key informants targeted were Liu Xiaoyan, who provided insights into her artistic philosophy and methods, a professionally trained student educator, and a cultural outreach specialist. Key data collection tools included observation and structured interview forms. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify recurring themes such as technique preservation, pedagogical innovation, emotional transmission, digital outreach, and cultural dialogue.

Results: Liu Xiaoyan effectively integrates traditional vocal and performance training with contemporary pedagogical approaches, using immersive stage performances as educational tools. Her structured mentorship emphasizes both technical mastery and emotional interpretation. Furthermore, Liu innovatively utilizes digital platforms like livestreaming and multimedia storytelling to attract younger audiences, demonstrating an effective blending of tradition and innovation.

Conclusion: Liu Xiaoyan’s interdisciplinary transmission model successfully bridges traditional preservation with modern adaptation, highlighting the crucial role individual agency plays in cultural heritage sustainability. Her approach provides valuable insights for cultural educators and policymakers seeking effective methods to preserve intangible cultural heritage within rapidly modernizing societies.

Development of Blended Learning Activities Using Phonics Instruction to Enhance English Pronunciation and Spelling Ability for Grade 3 Students in Phetchaburi Municipality Schools

Treenoot Soonthonvipat — 2026-01-21

Background and Aims: English pronunciation and spelling are critical components of early literacy, yet many Thai primary students struggle due to limited phonemic awareness and sound-symbol correspondence. To address this issue, this study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design to develop and evaluate phonics-based blended learning activities for Grade 3 students in Phetchaburi Municipality Schools. This study aimed to 1) develop blended learning activities using phonics instruction to enhance English pronunciation and spelling ability for Grade 3 students in Phetchaburi Municipality Schools, 2) examine the efficiency of the developed activities, and 3) investigate students’ opinions toward the blended learning activities using phonics instruction.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 18 Grade 3 students from Tessaban 4 Wat Chaiyasoontorn School, Phetchaburi Province, selected by cluster sampling and purposive sampling techniques, focusing on students with pronunciation and spelling difficulties. Research instruments included: 1) a questionnaire on teachers’ needs, 2) the blended learning activities using phonics instruction, 3) pre-test and post-test to measure students’ pronunciation and spelling ability, and 4) a questionnaire on students’ opinions toward the developed activities.

Results: The results revealed that 1) the blended learning activities using phonics instruction had an efficiency of 86.40/79.81. 2) after the learning process, students’ pronunciation and spelling ability were significantly higher than before at the .01 level, and 3) students’ opinions toward the blended learning activities using phonics instruction were at a high level (Mean = 4.49, SD = 0.93).

Conclusion: The phonics-based blended learning activities were effective in improving Grade 3 students' English pronunciation and spelling skills and were positively received by the students.

Factors Affecting Happiness of Government Teachers and Educational Personnel in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC)

Kanokwan Tippayachan — 2026-01-22

Background and Aims: Based on interviews with teachers and educational personnel in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), it was found that many teachers are burdened with tasks unrelated to teaching. Inappropriate compensation and excessive workload have negatively affected their teaching performance and overall work happiness (Interview, 2024). Consequently, the researcher was interested in studying the factors influencing work happiness among teachers and educational personnel in the EEC. The objectives of this research were: (1) to study the level of work happiness among government teachers and educational personnel in the EEC; (2) to examine the factors influencing their work happiness; (3) to investigate the relationships between interpersonal relationships, compensation and welfare, job achievement, and supervisory support with work happiness; and (4) to develop a predictive model of factors affecting work happiness in this population.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative research design. The sample consisted of 375 government teachers and educational personnel in the EEC during the 2024 academic year. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, and stratified random sampling was applied based on educational service area offices. The research instrument was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, which was validated by experts and had a high reliability coefficient of 0.979. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: 1) The overall level of work happiness among teachers and educational personnel in the EEC was high. 2) The factors influencing work happiness, both overall and in specific aspects, were also at a high level. 3) Interpersonal relationships, compensation and welfare, job achievement, and supervisory support were all positively correlated with work happiness at a high level. 4) The best predictors of work happiness were: (1) interpersonal relationships, (2) job achievement, and (3) supervisory support. Together, these three factors could predict work happiness at a statistically significant level (p < .01), accounting for 59.60% of the variance.

The predictive equation for work happiness in raw scores was:

\widehat{Y} = 0.388 + 0.455(X₁) + 0.147(X₃) + 0.266(X₄)

The predictive equation in the form of standardized scores is:

\widehat{Z} = 0.461(Z₁) + 0.149(Z₃) + 0.362(Z₄)

Conclusion: The promotion of positive interpersonal relationships within organizations, recognition of job achievement, and support from supervisors are critical factors that effectively enhance job satisfaction among government teachers and educational personnel in the Eastern Economic Corridor. These findings provide valuable insights for educational administrators to improve workplace satisfaction and overall employee performance.

The Development of Abilities of Using SQ4R Teaching Methods with Graphics for Mathayomsuksa 1 Students

Chutima Thongkam — 2026-01-22

Background and Aim: The reading comprehension problem among Mathayom Suksa 1 students at Kururatsamakkee School, Kaset Wisai District, Roi Et Province, is primarily caused by the students' lack of reading skills, particularly in comprehending the main ideas of texts. As a result, students are unable to summarize or extract key points effectively. To address this issue, the SQ4R learning model was implemented in combination with graphic organizer techniques as part of the instructional activities to enhance reading comprehension skills. This research aims to: (1) develop the reading comprehension abilities of Mathayom Suksa 1 students through the application of the SQ4R learning model integrated with graphic organizer techniques, to achieve a minimum proficiency level of 75 percent.

Materials and Methods: This study is an action research project conducted using Kurt Lewin’s model, which comprises three main stages: planning, action, and reflection, leading to discovery and understanding. The researcher applied the principles of action research to classroom instruction, which was carried out in three cycles. The target group consisted of six Mathayom Suksa 1 students from Kururatsamakkee School during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The research instruments included: 1) Nine lesson plans, which were assessed for appropriateness with mean suitability scores ranging from 4.70 to 5.00, indicating the highest level of appropriateness. 2) Reading comprehension assessments, each consisting of six situational questions per cycle. The content validity (IOC) ranged from 0.50 to 1.00, item difficulty ranged from 0.20 to 0.73, discrimination indices ranged from 0.20 to 0.80, and the reliability coefficient was 0.83. 3) Student behavior observation forms. The data were analyzed using percentages, mean, and standard deviation.

Results: The study revealed that the assessment of reading comprehension skills at the end of Action Cycles 1 and 2 (with a maximum score of 30 points) yielded the following results: In Action Cycle 1, the total score obtained was 116 points, with a mean score of 19.33 and a standard deviation of 2.16. In Action Cycle 2, the total score increased to 150 points, with a mean score of 25 and a standard deviation of 2.19. The number of students who met the proficiency criteria in each cycle was 6, accounting for 16.67% and 100%, respectively. These results indicate that students demonstrated continuous improvement in reading comprehension ability across the action cycles. The average score increased by 18.89%, and in Action Cycle 2, all students (100%) achieved scores that met or exceeded the proficiency threshold, which was set by the researcher at 75%.

Conclusion: The findings indicated that students' reading comprehension scores exceeded the predetermined proficiency criterion. Specifically, students achieved scores above the 75% benchmark from Action Cycle 2 onwards. In this cycle, 6 students met the criterion, accounting for 100% of the sample. The average score showed an improvement of 18.89%, with all students achieving scores ranging from 83.33% and above, reflecting a 100% success rate in meeting the assessment standard.

Study of the Current Situation, Problems, and Obstacles in Managing Green Tourism Dongrak Subdistrict, Phusing District, Sisaket Province

Anansak Phuangok — 2026-01-22

Background and Aims: The development strategy of local administrative organizations in Sisaket Province has outlined key development strategies focusing on infrastructure, natural resources, and environmental management. This includes creating awareness, fostering love and appreciation for nature to reduce global warming, which aligns with the 20-year national strategy (2017-2027) on promoting growth with an environmentally friendly quality of life. Dongrak Subdistrict has high potential for green tourism due to its abundant forests and mountains, resulting in numerous natural tourist attractions. This subdistrict has significant tourism potential to generate income for the community and Sisaket Province. Therefore, this research aims to study the current conditions, problems, and obstacles in managing green tourism in Dongrak Subdistrict, Phusing District, Sisaket Province.

Methodology: The group of key informants consisted of 32 people, including 8 community leaders, 16 residents, and 8 business owners/shopkeepers, totaling 32 people. The tool used for data collection was a semi-structured interview. The researcher personally collected interview data in the area of Dongrak Subdistrict, Phusing District, Sisaket Province. The data were then analyzed using content analysis.

Results: Dongrak Subdistrict is located in the southern part of Phusing District, Sisaket Province, 99 kilometers away from Sisaket Province by car. Its geographical features include foothills and dense forests, creating beautiful and distinctive tourist attractions such as Huay Sawai Waterfall, Na Trao Waterfall, Laem Son, Phatamum, and Phlan Tham Jan. However, there are few tourists due to a lack of good publicity. The community also lacks knowledge in managing green tourism and support from government agencies.

Conclusion: Dongrak Subdistrict has beautiful natural scenery and a variety of tourist attractions, but it still lacks good infrastructure, such as roads leading to tourist sites, accommodations, restaurants, and souvenir shops. The management of tourism in Dongrak village still faces several issues, including the community's lack of knowledge and understanding of green tourism management, land-related problems, issues from the local population, and problems stemming from the lack of cultural group cohesion.

Development of Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability Using Polya’s Problem-Solving Process Combined with the Bar Model Technique for Grade 2 Students

Sudaporn Thepwan — 2026-01-22

Background and Aims: At the primary education level, mathematical problem-solving is a crucial skill that fosters analytical thinking and logical reasoning. Implementing Polya’s problem-solving process in conjunction with the bar model technique provides a structured learning approach that helps students develop systematic thinking, clearly visualize problems, and enhance their understanding and efficiency in finding solutions. This study aimed to: (1) develop the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Grade 2 students by using Polya’s problem-solving process combined with the bar model technique, and (2) compare the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Grade 2 students before and after receiving instruction using Polya’s problem-solving process combined with the bar model technique.

Methodology: The sample group used in this study consisted of 36 Grade 2/1 students from the Demonstration School of Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangna Campus, during the first semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample was selected using the cluster random sampling method. The instruments of research are A lesson plan based on Polya’s problem-solving process, combined with the bar model technique, and A mathematical problem-solving ability test. The data were analyzed using mean (\bar{x}), standard deviation (S.D.), percentage, and dependent t-test techniques.

Results: (1) Grade 2 students who received instruction using Polya’s problem-solving process combined with the bar model technique showed improvement in their mathematical problem-solving abilities, with all students scoring higher after the instruction, representing 100%. And (2) The comparison of mathematical problem-solving scores before and after the instruction using Polya’s problem-solving process combined with the bar model technique revealed a statistically significant increase at the .05 level.

Conclusion: The use of Polya’s problem-solving process combined with the bar model technique promotes students’ systematic thinking and enables them to visualize the relationships among the information presented in the problems. This approach allows students to effectively plan their problem-solving strategies and verify their answers. Moreover, it stimulates deep learning and fosters the development of analytical thinking skills in authentic learning contexts.

The Effects of Managerial Accounting Data Quality on the Efficiency of Decision Making of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Northeast Region of Thailand

Wanicha Pareang — 2026-01-23

Background and Aims: Businesses are currently facing liquidity problems due to declining consumer purchasing power and consumption. This situation has compelled businesses to delay investments or reduce production, while also encountering increasingly intense competition. Consequently, businesses must adapt to survive and remain competitive in the market under such challenging conditions. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows 1) To examine the quality of management accounting information among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Northeastern region of Thailand 2) To investigate the decision-making effectiveness of SMEs in the Northeastern region of Thailand 3) To test the relationship between the quality of management accounting information and decision-making effectiveness of SMEs in the Northeastern region of Thailand and 4) To examine the impact of the quality of management accounting information on the decision-making effectiveness of SMEs in the Northeastern region of Thailand.

Methodology: Data were collected from 176 executives of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Northeastern Thailand using a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. Statistical methods employed in the data analysis included percentages, means, standard deviations, multiple correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis.

Result: Executives of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Northeastern region of Thailand reported that their overall perception of the quality of management accounting information was at a high level. Furthermore, their overall perception of decision-making effectiveness was rated at the highest level. The results of the correlation coefficient analysis revealed that the quality of management accounting information, specifically in terms of data utilization, data accuracy, and data accessibility, was positively and significantly correlated with overall decision-making effectiveness, with statistical significance at the 0.05 level. The results from the multiple regression analysis examining the relationship between the quality of management accounting information and decision-making effectiveness of SMEs in the Northeastern region of Thailand indicated potential multicollinearity among the independent variables. To assess this issue, the researcher conducted a multicollinearity test using Variance Inflation Factors (VIFs). The VIF values for the independent variables related to the quality of management accounting information ranged from 2.004 to 4.089, which are below the threshold value of 10. This indicates that although some correlation exists among the independent variables, it is not at a level that poses a significant multicollinearity concern.

Conclusion: 1) The quality of management accounting information is positively correlated with decision-making effectiveness. 2) Multiple regression analysis to predict the impact of management accounting information quality on the decision-making effectiveness of executives in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Northeastern Thailand revealed that the quality of management accounting information has a statistically significant effect on decision-making effectiveness at the < .05 level. Specifically, positive effects were observed in the areas of data utilization, data accuracy, and data accessibility, respectively.

Cooperative Learning Management with TGT Techniques and Skills Exercises to Improve the Reading and Writing Ability of Grade 1 Students

Nudchada Wongjaroen — 2026-01-23

Background and Aims: Currently, various forms of media and advancing technologies play an increasingly significant role in daily life. This includes the growing use of the English language in everyday communication within modern families. As a consequence, learners often exhibit incorrect pronunciation and misreading of words, as well as misspellings in writing. Cooperative learning using the TGT technique combined with skill-based exercises is a collaborative instructional approach with distinctive features that promote teamwork among students. It provides opportunities for learners to develop academic skills through engaging and competitive activities, which in turn enhance their learning outcomes and skill acquisition for practical application. This instructional model aims to improve academic achievement in reading and writing, enabling students to apply the acquired knowledge and skills in higher levels of education. The objectives of this study were: 1) To develop a cooperative learning lesson plan employing the TGT technique combined with skill-based exercises for Grade 1 students, ensuring that the effectiveness meets the 75/75 criterion; and 2) To compare the reading and writing abilities of Grade 1 students after participating in the cooperative learning activities using the TGT technique with skill-based exercises against the 75 percent benchmark.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of 18 Grade 1/1 students from Ban Tapong School during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample was selected using cluster random sampling. 1) Lesson plans employing cooperative learning activities based on the TGT (Teams-Games-Tournament) technique. 2) A Thai language reading assessment, 3) A Thai language writing assessment, using subjective test formats, designed to measure writing ability through cooperative learning based on the TGT technique combined with skill-based practice exercises in the Thai language learning area for Grade 1 students.

Results: (1) The TGT cooperative learning management plan, combined with the Reading and Writing Skills Exercises of Grade 1 students, had an efficiency of 81.28/83.89, which met the required criteria of 75/75. (2) The Reading and Writing Abilities of Grade 1 Students After TGT Technique Cooperative Learning Management with Skills Training. After studying, it was 75 percent higher than the threshold

Conclusion: After the learning intervention, eighteen students (1) TGT Technique Collaborative Learning Management in conjunction with Reading and Writing Skills Training of First Grade Students (E1/E2) was 81.28/83.89, meeting 75/75. (2) 84.17% of TGT techniques combined with after-school skills training were higher than before. (3) The writing ability of first graders after TGT techniques combined with after-school skills training was 85.83% higher than before.

The Quality of Service that Affects Satisfaction in Receiving Case Work Services of the Buriram Provincial Prosecutor's Office

Wipa Chumklang — 2026-01-23

Background and Aims: The Buriram Provincial Prosecutor's Office's litigation services, based on statistics of petitions received according to documents requesting justice and public opinions, found a problem that People who came to request services mentioned problems and obstacles in requesting services in the Buriram Provincial Prosecutor's Office in many aspects. Including facilities in various areas that have not yet been developed to facilitate the speed and convenience of the Buriram Provincial Prosecutor's Office's services. Building confidence in the service of the Buriram Provincial Prosecutor's Office will affect satisfaction and dissatisfaction. This is something that the agency must do to monitor the results of the service that has been delivered to the public and whether it has positive or negative results. This study aimed to examine the service quality that affects the satisfaction of service recipients at the Buriram Provincial Prosecutors' Office.

Methodology: The population used in the research was 265 people who came into contact with the Buriram Provincial Prosecutor's Office for legal services. By specifying a sample group of 160 people. Which selects a proportional stratified sample group. The research instrument was a questionnaire, which was divided into 3 parts: Part 1, Personal characteristics of the respondents include gender, age, education level, occupation, average monthly income, and types of people receiving services. Part 2: Quality of service of the Buriram Provincial Prosecutor's Office. Part 3: Public satisfaction with the Buriram Provincial Prosecutor's Office. The researchers tested the quality of the questionnaire by finding the index of consistency between the questions and the main issues according to the content. The questionnaire was given to 5 experts to check the content validity. After that, the IOC index was found by selecting the items with an IOC value greater than 0.6. For items with a value less than 0.6, the researcher revised and improved them. From the calculation, the IOC value was = 0.96. Therefore, all questions are consistent with the objectives and can be used. And testing the reliability by testing the questionnaire with a sample group that is similar to each other to find the quality of the instrument. By finding the reliability or validity of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha method using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which has a value between 0 and 1. If the Cronbach's alpha coefficient is more than 0.7, it is considered that the reliability has passed the criteria and is acceptable (Sekaran & Bougie, 2010). And the revised and improved questionnaire was tested with a sample group of 30 people with similar characteristics (Try Out). From the calculation, the overall reliability value is 0.903, which can be used to collect data. The researcher, therefore, collected data from a questionnaire with a sample of 160 people. And analyze data by recording it in a statistical program to process the stored data and calculate statistical values. Including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis statistics.

Results: The results indicated that: (1) overall service quality was rated at the highest level across all dimensions except reliability, which achieved a high level; (2) overall client satisfaction was rated at the highest level across all dimensions; and (3) all five service quality dimensions significantly and positively influenced client satisfaction (R² = 0.636, p < 0.01). The findings suggest that service quality is a strong predictor of client satisfaction in prosecutorial services, with implications for public service management and policy development.

Conclusion: Overall service quality and public satisfaction of the Buriram Provincial Prosecutor's Office. It was found that the public had the highest opinion on the overall service quality level and the highest opinion on the overall satisfaction level.

Results of Using the Competency Promotion Program, the Ability to Organize Teaching and Learning at the Lower Secondary Level for Monks Teaching Morality

Rangsitti Wihokhern — 2026-01-23

Background and Aims: Monks teaching morality in schools is part of an important mission in academic services that aims to be a center for providing quality academic services in Buddhism with standards, resulting in children and youth having true knowledge of Buddhism with morality. This research aims to present the results of using a program to promote and develop teaching and learning for monks teaching morality in schools, which is part of the thesis on the development of a program to promote the ability to organize teaching and learning at the lower secondary level for monks teaching morality in schools.

Methodology: This research is a quasi-experimental study. The sample group consists of 30 monks who teach morality under the Buriram Secondary Education Area Office. They were selected purposively. The tools used to collect data include tests and satisfaction questionnaires. The statistics used for data analysis are percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test (One-sample t-test).

Results: The moral teaching monks had a score on the knowledge test of learning management after the development that was higher than 80 percent with statistical significance at the .01 level, and the teachers who received training were satisfied with the program to promote the ability to manage teaching at the lower secondary level for moral teaching monks. Overall, all aspects were at the highest level of satisfaction.

Conclusion: The program to promote and develop the teaching of moral teaching in schools resulted in participants having significantly higher knowledge of teaching and learning at the lower secondary level after the development, and had the highest level of satisfaction in participating in the program.

Factors Affecting the Decision to Use Public Transport to Enter Bangkok: A Comparison Between Vans and Electric Trains of People in Bangyai District, Nonthaburi Province

Passanop Saonanon — 2026-01-23

Background and Aims: Transportation and commuting are fundamental factors that play a crucial role in driving economic activities and enhancing the quality of life, particularly in Bangkok, which serves as a central hub for employment, education, and various services. The objectives of this study were: 1) to examine the differences in personal factors that influence the decision to use public transportation into Bangkok, comparing passenger vans with electric trains; and 2) to examine the relationship between factors influencing travel choices including cost, travel time, service accessibility, and convenience and the selection of public transportation into Bangkok, comparing passenger vans and electric trains.

Methodology: This is a quantitative study using a structured questionnaire to collect data from 400 respondents, selected through stratified sampling from residents who had experience using either vans or the MRT Purple Line. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics, including Independent Samples t-test and Multiple Regression Analysis to test the research hypotheses.

Results: 1) Personal factors such as age, education level, occupation, and income significantly influenced the decision to use public transportation in Bangkok at the 0.05 level of statistical significance. Specifically, individuals with a monthly income of 30,001–45,000 baht were more likely to choose electric trains over passenger vans, while those with an income not exceeding 15,000 baht tended to choose passenger vans. Additionally, education level and familiarity with both passenger vans and electric trains were found to significantly influence the behavior of transportation mode selection. and 2) Regarding the relationship between travel decision-making factors, including price, travel time, service accessibility, and comfort, and the choice of public transportation, the study found that these factors were statistically significant. In particular, perceived value and ease of access to each transport system were prominent considerations. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the studied independent variables could explain 56.1% of the variance in public transportation choice behavior (R² = 0.561), indicating a moderate to high predictive capability for user behavior.

Conclusion: The findings reveal that both personal and behavioral factors significantly influence the choice of public transport to Bangkok. In particular, familiarity with vans and MRT services, income level, and education play critical roles. Understanding these differences enables more targeted and efficient development of public transportation systems to meet the diverse needs of commuter groups.

The Strategy of Implementing Drug Prevention and Suppression Policies along the Thai-Republic of the Union of Myanmar Border to Practice, in the area of Responsibility of the 3rd Army Area

Boonkeat Limrungyuenyong — 2026-01-23

Background and Aims: Drug trafficking along the Thai–Myanmar border poses a complex and persistent challenge, threatening national security and the well-being of border communities. The Third Army Region, which oversees the northern border provinces of Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, and Mae Hong Son, faces significant difficulties in controlling illicit activities due to the rugged terrain and cross-border operations led by ethnically-linked drug networks. These dynamics not only disrupt public safety but also undermine the quality of life in the region. The objectives (1) To analyze geographical and social factors contributing to the intensity of drug trafficking in Thai–Myanmar border areas under the jurisdiction of the Third Army Region; (2) To propose effective and sustainable strategic approaches for preventing and suppressing drug trafficking in the region.

Methodology: This qualitative study employed purposive sampling to select participants, including military officials, law enforcement personnel, administrative officers, and residents directly affected by drug issues. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. Additionally, relevant policy and operational documents were analyzed. Thematic content analysis was applied to interpret qualitative data and identify critical patterns.

Results: (1) Key contributing factors to drug trafficking include the geographical complexity of the border, limited accessibility, poverty, inequality, and the role of ethnic groups involved in transnational trafficking networks. (2) Effective strategic approaches include empowering community-based surveillance networks, providing technological and resource support, promoting alternative livelihoods, and enhancing cross-border cooperation with Myanmar. However, the policy recommendations were; (1) expanding state budget allocations and training for community networks; (2) integrating advanced surveillance technologies such as drones, GIS systems, and joint intelligence databases; (3) initiating proactive bilateral cooperation with Myanmar in border management and enforcement; and (4) implementing livelihood promotion programs to reduce community reliance on illicit activities.

Conclusion: Addressing drug trafficking in the Thai–Myanmar border region requires a holistic, multi-stakeholder approach that combines state intervention, community engagement, and international cooperation. Integrating local capacity-building with technological innovations will enhance the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of border drug prevention efforts.

Development of Systems Thinking Through Social Studies Learning Management with Experiential Learning and Graphic Organizers of Primary 2 Students

Thipnatee Yansopon — 2026-01-23

Background and Aims: Experiential social studies learning management integrated with graphic organizers for developing systems thinking. This research aims 1) to develop social studies learning management with experiential learning and graphic organizers to enhance systems thinking for Primary 2 students and 2) to examine the effectiveness of social studies learning management with experiential learning and graphic organizers to enhance systems thinking for Primary 2 students.

Methodology: The sample group consists of 35 students in Primary 2 from one classroom at Ramkamhaeng University Demonstration School, Bangna Campus. The sample group was selected using cluster random sampling. The research tools were divided into two categories:
1) experimental tools: learning units in Social Studies, designed to align with Experiential learning and graphic organizers principles, and 2) data collecting tools: a pre-test and a post-test
Of systems thinking, which the researchers developed.

Results: The study on the development of systems thinking through social studies learning management with experiential learning and graphic organizers of Primary 2 students yielded
The following results: The quality of the learning management units was evaluated at the highest level, with overall mean scores ranging from 4.80 to 5.00. All evaluation criteria received mean scores between 4.60 and 5.00, indicating the highest level of appropriateness. The pre-test mean score was 13.40 (S.D. = 3.75), and the post-test mean score was 16.89 (S.D. = 2.86). A comparison of the scores before and after the learning sessions revealed a statistically significant difference at the .05 level.

Conclusion: The learning management units were evaluated as highly appropriate in quality. Analysis of the pre-test and post-test scores showed that students’ post-test scores were significantly higher than their pre-test scores, demonstrating the effectiveness of the learning management system in enhancing systems thinking.

Development of Village Health Volunteers' Participation Model for Emerging Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in Thai-Lao Border Area, Wiang Kaen District, Chiang Rai Province

Tossapon Muengin — 2026-01-23

Background and Aims: The Thai-Lao border areas face increased risks of emerging infectious disease transmission due to frequent cross-border population movements. Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) play a crucial role in community disease surveillance and prevention. This research aimed to (1) study the current situation of VHVs' participation in emerging infectious disease prevention and control in Thai-Lao border areas, (2) analyze factors affecting VHVs' participation, and (3) develop an appropriate participation model for the border context.

Methodology: This survey research employed 357 VHVs in Wiang Kaen District, Chiang Rai Province as samples, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires comprising three sections: demographic information, participation levels in prevention and control activities, and open-ended questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including t-test and One-way ANOVA.

Results: VHVs' overall participation in emerging infectious disease prevention and control was at a moderate level (mean 3.12). High participation was found in temperature screening (89.90%), community forum attendance (95.02%), and disease prevention campaigns (80.60%), while low participation was observed in decision-making (20.20% never participated), knowledge provision evaluation (23.50% never participated), and financial or material donation (14.30% never participated). Age was a significant factor affecting participation (F=8.25, p<0.001), with VHVs over 50 years old showing higher participation levels than other groups, especially in implementation and evaluation activities.

Conclusion: The appropriate participation model for VHVs in emerging infectious disease prevention and control should emphasize: (1) developing VHVs' capacity in disease situation analysis, planning, and evaluation; (2) creating knowledge exchange forums between VHVs, community leaders, and health personnel; (3) establishing community disease surveillance teams with VHVs as core components; (4) developing suitable monitoring tools; and (5) creating driving mechanisms with mentorship systems where older, experienced VHVs support younger members. These findings can be applied to develop policies and guidelines for promoting VHVs' participation in border areas, strengthening disease surveillance systems, and improving community health security.

The Guidelines of an Environmental Management Conducive to Student Learning of Schools in the North Krungthon District Group under Bangkok Metropolitan Administration

Akkadech Satchaphan — 2026-01-24

Background and Aims: An effective environmental management conducive to student learning comprises five aspects: physical environment, social environment, Academic environment, Safety environment, and Emotional and psychological environment. All of these aspects contribute to enhancing student learning. Therefore, teachers should recognize the importance of creating such environments in the classroom to foster students' potential and promote joyful learning. The objectives of this research were to 1) study an environmental management conducive to student learning of schools in the North Krungthon District Group under Bangkok Metropolitan Administration 2)compare the teachers’ opinions toward an environmental management conducive to student learning of schools in North Krungthon District Group, classified by gender, education level, work experience and school sizes, and 3) propose the guidelines for an environmental management conducive to student learning of schools in the North Krungthon District Group.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 313 teachers from schools in the North Krungthon District Group under Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, selected through stratified random sampling based on school sizes, and five school administrators for an interview. The research instruments were a questionnaire with content validity, IOC values between .67-1.00, a reliability value of .85, and a semi-structured interview form. The data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-way ANOVA, LSD, and content analysis.

Results: The results of the research were as follow 1) the management an environment conducive to student learning of schools in the North Krungthon District Group was at a high level in overall and particular aspects, ranking as follow: Physical environment, Social environment and Emotional and psychological environment but both of Academic environment and Safety environment were at the highest level 2) the opinions of teachers on environmental management conducive to student learning of schools in the North Krungthon District Group, classified by gender ang work experience, showed no significant differences, while the opinions classified by education level and school sizes were statistically significantly different at the .01 and .05 levels, and 3) the guidelines of an environmental management conducive to Student learning of schools included promoting teachers' participation in designing and developing learning environments, developing an environmental assessment system and giving importance the teachers' different opinions for an environmental management conducive to student learning.

Conclusion: An environmental management conducive to student learning in schools in the North Krungthon District Group under Bangkok Metropolitan Administration was at a high level in overall and particular aspects, ranking as follow: Physical environment, Social environment, and Emotional and psychological environment, but both the Academic environment and Safety environment were at the highest level. The Guidelines of an Environmental Management Conducive to Student Learning of Schools in the North Krungthon District Group included as follows: school administrators should encourage teachers to take a role in planning and improving the learning context, develop an environmental assessment system in teaching and learning and listen to teachers' suggestions on creating an atmosphere that promote serious learning according to the context of each educational institution.

Transformational Leadership of School Administrators Affects Teamwork of Teachers Under the Narathiwat Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Musliwan Satirak — 2026-01-24

Background and Objectives: Transformational leadership inspires and motivates employees to go above and beyond expectations because it fosters creativity and personal growth. Establishing strong ties and a shared objective brings about long-lasting organizational change.

This research aimed to: 1) examine the level of transformational leadership among school administrators and the level of teamworking among teachers under the Narathiwat Secondary Educational Service Area Office; 2) investigate the relationship between school administrators’ transformational leadership and teachers’ teamwork; and 3) study the aspects of transformational leadership that influence teachers’ teamwork in the said area.

Research Methodology: This quantitative research employed a questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The sample consisted of 243 teachers working in schools under the Narathiwat Secondary Educational Service Area Office in the academic year 2024. The statistical methods used included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, and standard multiple regression analysis.

Research Results: The analysis of the respondents' general data revealed that most were female, aged between 26–35 years, held a bachelor's degree, had 1–5 years of work experience, and worked in medium-sized schools. The overall opinion regarding the transformational leadership of school administrators was rated at a high level. Similarly, the overall opinion regarding teachers’ teamwork was also at a high level.

Conclusion: There was a statistically significant positive correlation at the 0.01 level between school administrators’ transformational leadership and teachers’ teamwork. The relationship was strong and in the same direction. Three dimensions of transformational leadership, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, and individualized consideration, were found to significantly influence teachers’ teamwork in schools under the Narathiwat Secondary Educational Service Area Office.

Effects of A-A-Q- Training Program on Quickness and Roundhouse Kick Ability for Junior Taekwondo Athletes

Ratchaneeporn Ngernbumrung — 2026-01-24

Background and Aims: Junior taekwondo athletes are essential to the next generation of gifted martial artists because they teach them self-discipline, confidence, and physical conditioning at a young age. Their development helps the sport maintain its popularity and thrive both domestically and internationally. This research aimed to: (1) examine the effects of a Coordination-Agility-Quickness (C-A-Q) training program on quickness and roundhouse kick ability in junior Taekwondo athletes, (2) compare the effects of the C-A-Q training program between the experimental and control groups, and (3) compare the effects of the C-A-Q training within the experimental group across three time points: pretest, after week 4, and after week 8.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 30 male and female junior Taekwondo athletes selected through simple random sampling and divided into two groups of 15 based on roundhouse kick ability. The experimental group trained with the C-A-Q program three times per week for eight weeks, while the control group followed a standard training program. Assessments were conducted before training, at week 4, and at week 8. The variables measured included roundhouse kick ability, neuromuscular coordination, agility, and reaction time. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and one-way repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc comparisons at a significance level of .05.

Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in all variables after training. Roundhouse kick ability increased by 11.7%, neuromuscular coordination by 13.2%, agility by 10.1%, and reaction time by 17.9%. The control group showed no significant changes.

Conclusion: The C-A-Q training program, systematically designed and reviewed by experts, was effective in improving key physical fitness components, such as neuromuscular coordination, agility, and reaction time, leading to a noticeable enhancement in roundhouse kick ability among junior Taekwondo athletes. The findings can be applied to training programs developed by youth coaches and educational institutions aiming to enhance athlete performance efficiently. The results of this study can be applied to the design of structured training programs for youth Taekwondo coaches, aimed at systematically developing athletes’ foundational physical fitness. In addition, the program is well-suited for use in educational institutions offering physical education and sports curricula, especially in fostering essential movement skills during the developmental stage. It can also serve as a guideline for the long-term development of youth athletes toward higher levels of performance.

Development of Learning Management Model to Promote Mathematical Thinking Processes for Students in Grade

Suphansa Pookaew — 2026-01-24

Background and Aims: Mathematical thinking refers to the use of mathematical tools to understand various phenomena in the world around us. It enables individuals to apply mathematical skills beyond the classroom, recognize patterns, identify common situations in problems, detect errors, and develop new strategies. This leads to a systematic approach to solving quantitative problems, as a result of mathematical learning and practice, with an emphasis on understanding rather than focusing solely on results or answers. This research aims to: 1. Study the background information and the needs for developing a learning management model to promote mathematical thinking processes for Grade 5 students. 2. Develop and determine the effectiveness of a learning management model to promote mathematical thinking processes for Grade 5 students to meet the efficiency criteria of 80/80.

Methodology: The sample group used in this study consisted of 40 Grade 5 students who were studying in the second semester of the 2023 academic year at a school in Suphanburi Province. The sample was obtained using cluster random sampling. The research instruments included a learning management model to promote mathematical thinking processes, learning management plans, a mathematical thinking processes test, and a questionnaire on students’ opinions. Data analysis involved the use of mean (M), standard deviation (SD), Efficiency values (E₁/E₂), t-test for dependent samples, and content analysis.

Results: Research Findings: (1) The results of the analysis of basic information and essential needs revealed that the principles of learning management should aim to promote comprehensive and well-rounded mathematical thinking processes in learners. This leads to the development of competencies in accordance with the curriculum, with instruction tailored to the learners’ prior knowledge. The learning process should follow a clear and sequential structure and be applicable to daily life. Key components include problem-solving Reasoning communication connections representation of ideas. Instructional techniques and strategies involve group-based hands-on learning activities, using questioning techniques to stimulate thinking and encourage student expression. Students work collaboratively in groups, following a structured learning development process that emphasizes activities encouraging analytical thinking and group discussion. Teachers play a guiding role, providing direction while allowing students to collaboratively analyze problems and express reasoned opinions. Teachers also promote, support, and engage in discussion with students. Assessment and evaluation employ a variety of tools, utilizing diverse learning resources, media, and technologies that support learning in an accessible and age-appropriate manner. (2) The learning management model to promote mathematical thinking processes for Grade 5 students (GACPA Model) consists of 4 components: 1) Principles, 2) Objectives, 3) Learning management process, which includes 5 steps: 3.1) Creating interest, 3.2) Activating prior knowledge, 3.3) Collaborative work, 3.4) Presenting content, 3.5) Evaluation. And 4) Measurement and assessment have an effectiveness score of 82.35/82.23.

Conclusion: The research underlines the necessity of structuring learning experiences that foster holistic mathematical thinking customized to students’ past knowledge. A systematic, student-centered method for encouraging participation, teamwork, and critical thinking in mathematics is provided by the GACPA Model. The model's strong efficacy suggests that it has the ability to improve the mathematical proficiency of students in Grade 5.

Research and Development of Enrichment Curriculum to Enhance English Speaking Proficiency for Business and Work in Undergraduate Students

Benchasri Sriyothin — 2026-01-25

Background and Aims: English is a business language that serves as a medium for conducting business because it conveys meaning directly and reliably, contributing to business success. However, Thailand ranked among the bottom three in Asia in the EF English Proficiency Index (2022–2024), falling short of the CEFR B2 requirement for graduates. Consequently, in 2024, the Office of the Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation Commission issued a policy mandating that higher education graduates achieve a CEFR English proficiency level of B2. This policy also addresses the need for English-language skills in the competitive ASEAN job market. This research aims to study the basic needs assessment and to develop the enrichment curriculum to enhance students' English skills for business and work in higher education.

Methodology: The research methodology comprised two phases. Phase 1 focused on studying and analyzing foundational data and essential needs for curriculum development. This phase involved two key steps: Document Analysis: Relevant documents would be analyzed using a document analysis protocol. Needs Assessment: Data on necessary needs would be gathered from various stakeholders. Qualitative Data: A semi-structured interview was conducted with two groups: administrators from higher education institutions and three English language lecturers. Quantitative Data: Questionnaire was administered to three groups of experts—curriculum development, English language teaching, and measurement/evaluation—as well as 50 higher education students currently enrolled in a basic English course and eight entrepreneurs or graduate employers. Quantitative data were analyzed using means and standard deviations. Phase 2 involved curriculum development and quality evaluation. The developed curriculum would be assessed through focus group discussions with seven experts, and analyzed using content analysis.

Results: 1) The findings of this study revealed that the basic document study: there were ten elements of curriculum, four concepts of curriculum, and eleven instructional plans, the needs assessment study which was analyzed from personal data as follows: the qualitative analysis with interview on essential needs found that the enrichment curriculum complements the core curriculum, the participants emphasized that the design of the enrichment curriculum should be stakeholder-centric, exhibit practical relevance through contextualized simulations, integrate diverse in-class and extracurricular activities, and foster opportunities for autonomous student learning, while the quantitative analysis with asking about desirable essential needs and current conditions for the enrichment curriculum revealed that the overall results of the desirable essential needs from experts was at high level, whereas the current condition was at moderate level, the indicator of Priority Needs Index (PNI _Modified) was at 0.30, the overall results of the desirable essential needs from students was at high level, whereas the current condition was at high level, the indicator of Priority Needs Index (PNI _Modified) was at 0.08, the overall results of the desirable essential needs from entrepreneurs was at high level, whereas the current condition was at moderate level, the indicator of Priority Needs Index (PNI _Modified) was at 0.34. 2) The results of developing the enrichment curriculum revealed ten elements of the curriculum: 1) Course Rationale, 2) Principles, 3) Objectives, 4) Course Description, 5) Learning Outcomes, 6) Course Time Structure, 7) Course Structure, 8) Learning Activities, 9) Learning Materials, and 10) Assessment and Evaluation. The result of the curriculum evaluation showed that this enrichment curriculum was at a high level.

Conclusion: This enrichment curriculum has ten elements as follows: 1) Course History, 2) Principles, 3) Objectives, 4) Course Description, 5) Learning Outcomes, 6) Course Duration, 7) Course Outline, 8) Learning Activities, 9) Learning Materials, and 10) Assessment and Evaluation. The main principles are as follows: 1) Improve English speaking skills by promoting knowledge of word choice, sentence structure, 2)Situation-based problem-solving 3)Learner-oriented focus to strengthen a positive attitude towards English 4) Situation-based measurement and evaluation and the instructional activities that promotes English proficiency for business and work have eleven elements as follows: 1) Instructional Approach 2) Activity 3) Timeframe 4) Learning outcome 5) Core Principle 6) Learning content 7) Learning activity 8) Task 9) Evaluation 10) Materials and equipment and 11) Learning resources.

A Study on the Similarities and Differences Between Mozart and Rossini's Singing of Figaro's Aria

Wang Yang — 2026-01-25

Background and Aims: Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro and Rossini's The Barber of Seville are iconic operas derived from Beaumarchais' "Figaro Trilogy." Although both center on the character Figaro, they differ in terms of musical era, compositional philosophy, and stylistic expression. This study examines how Mozart and Rossini, respectively, shape the vocal portrayal of Figaro, focusing on the similarities and differences in their artistic, historical, and musical contexts.

Methodology: A mixed-method approach combining qualitative and quantitative research was employed. Methods include literature review, score analysis, interviews, questionnaires, and SPSS-based statistical analysis. Comparative analysis was used to examine musical structure, lyrical expression, and vocal technique in the arias “Non più andrai” (Mozart) and “Largo al factotum” (Rossini), integrating both historical interpretation and practical vocal performance data.

Results: The findings reveal fundamental differences: Mozart’s Classical aesthetic emphasizes structural balance, clear melodic lines, and subtle emotional expression; Rossini’s Romantic style highlights technical flamboyance, vocal agility, and vibrant theatricality. Figaro’s character in Mozart is portrayed as rational and rebellious, reflecting Enlightenment ideals, while Rossini's Figaro is humorous and energetic, resonating with Romantic individuality. Statistical analysis confirms significant variations in performance style, vocal demands, and interpretive approach between the two works.

Conclusion: The study concludes that differences in historical era, aesthetic values, and compositional intention lead to distinct vocal portrayals of Figaro. Mozart’s version aligns with order and clarity, whereas Rossini’s emphasizes passion and virtuosity. This comparative framework offers pedagogical insights for vocal training and contributes to deeper cross-cultural understanding in opera performance.

The Development of English Vocabulary Learning Ability among Grade 4 Students through Communicative Language Teaching Combined with Language Games: A Case Study of Anuban Chantarat School, Sahatsakhan District, Kalasin Province

Kamonchanok Ounsim — 2026-01-25

Background and Aims: Vocabulary is a crucial factor in learning any language. Therefore, developing vocabulary is essential for language learning. If learners lack vocabulary knowledge, it is difficult to succeed in developing their communicative language use. The objective of this study was to: (1) examine the effectiveness of vocabulary learning activities using a communicative language teaching (CLT) approach combined with language games based on the 80/80 efficiency; (2) compare students’ vocabulary learning abilities before and after the intervention; and (3) investigate students’ satisfaction with the vocabulary learning development.

Methodology: This is experimental research. The population and sample consisted of 16 grade 4 students at Anuban Chantarat School, Sahatsakhan District, Kalasin Province, selected by cluster random sampling. The research instruments used were: 1) a set of lesson plans, 2) language games, 3) a vocabulary learning ability test, and 4) a student satisfaction questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

Results: It was found that: 1) the effectiveness of the vocabulary learning activities using the CLT approach combined with language games was 84.00/82.92, which met the expected efficiency of 80/80; 2) the students' post-test vocabulary learning scores were significantly higher than their pre-test scores at the .01 level; and 3) the students reported a high level of satisfaction with the vocabulary learning activities (Mean = 4.50, S.D. = 0.52).

Conclusion: Organizing English vocabulary learning activities to develop the abilities of grade 4 students by using the communicative language teaching method with language games was effective according to the set efficiency. The students had a significantly higher ability to learn vocabulary at the .01 statistical level and were very satisfied with the learning management.

Internal Supervision of School Administrators under the Office of Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area 2

Kannika Nukau — 2026-01-25

Background and Aims: Internal supervision of school administrators is a process of promoting and developing the quality of education management. It focuses on providing advice, monitoring, teaching evaluate and learning within the school. Administrators play an important role in creating a working atmosphere conducive to the development of teachers and personnel, including the application of appropriate approaches to raise the quality of education in line with the specified policies and standards. The objectives of this research are (1) to study the level of internal supervision of school administrators under the Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, (2) to compare the internal supervision of school administrators under the Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, classified by gender, work experience, and size of the school. (3) to provide recommendations on the internal supervision of school administrators under the Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: This research is survey research. The sample group consisted of 317 teachers working in schools under the jurisdiction of the Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 in the academic year 2024, determined based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table of sample size. Stratified sampling was then used according to the variable of school size, followed by simple random sampling using the lottery method. Data were collected using questionnaires. The statistics used for data analysis included percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and pairwise comparison using Scheffé’s method.

Results: It was found that 1. the level of internal supervision of school administrators under the Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 was at a high level overall ( = 4.15, S.D. = 0.54). When considering each aspect, it was found that all aspects were at a high level. 2. A comparison of internal supervision of school administrators under the Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, classified by gender, work experience, and school size, showed the following results: 2.1) Teachers of different genders had different opinions on internal supervision of school administrators under the Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, and did not differ. 2.2) Teachers with different work experiences had different opinions on the internal supervision of school administrators overall and in each aspect. 2.3) Teachers working in schools of different sizes had different opinions on internal supervision of school administrators, overall with statistical significance at the .01 level. 3. Recommendations for internal supervision by school administrators include the following: Administrators should promote increased internal supervision within the school by providing opportunities for teachers and school committee members involved to jointly plan the supervision process. Additionally, administrators should place greater emphasis on classroom action research by encouraging teachers to conduct more research in their own classrooms. This would benefit teachers by enabling them to better understand students' information and would also provide useful data for administrators to use in planning for higher-quality educational management in the school.

Conclusion: Internal supervision of school administrators in the Phatthalung Primary Educational Service Area 2 plays an important role in the development of teaching and learning, emphasizing professional development, teamwork, and curriculum development. However, the promotion of classroom action research is still limited. Administrators should focus on supporting teachers to have opportunities to learn and develop continuously, including using research results to improve teaching, to further improve the quality of education.

A Study of Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability on the Subject of Unknown Values of 5th Grade Primary School Students Using Collaborative Learning Activities with LT (Learning Together) Technique and Polya’s Problem-Solving Process

Tanawat Hasachoo — 2026-01-25

Background and Objectives: This research aimed to investigate the mathematical problem-solving ability and behavior regarding unknown values among 5th-grade students. This was achieved by implementing cooperative learning activities using the Learning Together (LT) technique and Polya's problem-solving process, which are crucial analytical thinking skills.

Methodology: The study involved 20 5th-grade students from La-or Utis Demonstration School, Bangkok, in the second semester of the 2024 academic year. Participants were selected using cluster random sampling. Research instruments included lesson plans for cooperative learning activities incorporating LT and Polya's approach, a mathematical problem-solving ability test, and a problem-solving behavior observation form. Data were analyzed using mean scores, percentages, and binomial tests.

Results: The findings revealed that students achieved an average score of 93.91% across activity sheets and tests, with 100% of students passing the 70% criterion. This was significantly higher than the set standard (p<.05). Furthermore, students demonstrated significant improvement in all four aspects of problem-solving behavior based on Polya's concept

Conclusion: Implementing cooperative learning activities with the LT technique in conjunction with Polya's problem-solving process effectively developed students' mathematical problem-solving skills, encompassing content knowledge, comprehension, accuracy, and communication of thought processes.

A Study on the Quality of Life of State Welfare Cardholders in Doi Tao District, Chiang Mai Province

Waragorn Amapi — 2026-01-25

Background and Aims: The government has implemented the State Welfare Card Program to alleviate the cost-of-living burden and promote access to basic services. The program aims to assist low-income individuals in gaining better access to essential goods and services. This study has two primary objectives: To investigate the level of quality of life among state welfare cardholders in Doi Tao District, Chiang Mai Province. And 2) To examine the factors affecting their quality of life.

Methodology: The population for this study consisted of 10,140 state welfare cardholders in Doi Tao District, Chiang Mai Province. The sample size of 398 respondents was determined using Taro Yamane's formula, and participants were selected through Accidental Sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The index of item-objective congruence ranged from 0.67 to 1.00, and the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.82. Statistical methods used for data analysis include descriptive statistics: frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation; and inferential statistics: multiple regression analysis.

Results: The study found 1) that most State Welfare Cardholders in Doi Tao District, Chiang Mai Province, were female (57.8%), aged between 51 and 60 years (28.5%), married (67.5%), had completed primary education (48.2%), and worked in agriculture (42.8%). In terms of quality of life, cardholders generally reported a moderate level, with mean scores across four dimensions: income (\bar{x} = 2.98), work life (\bar{x} = 2.60), family and community life (\bar{x} = 4.27), and social participation (\bar{x} = 3.34). 2) Analysis of factors influencing quality of life revealed distinct patterns across its various dimensions. Regarding income-related quality of life, age and lower secondary education were significantly positively associated, while unemployment status and total household income had a significant negative influence. For the participation aspect, lower secondary education positively influenced family participation, whereas higher household income diminished community participation. In terms of work-life quality, individuals with higher education and higher household income reported reduced job satisfaction. And for family and community quality of life, primary education, secondary education, crop farming occupation, total household income, and employment proportion all demonstrated a significant positive influence, indicating that increased income and job security among household members directly contribute to an improved quality of life in this dimension.

Conclusion: The quality of life of State Welfare Card holders in Doi Tao District, Chiang Mai Province, after receiving the welfare card in the form of monthly allowances for consumer goods, was perceived as insufficient when compared to the current cost of living. As a result, it has not significantly contributed to long-term improvements in their quality of life.

Analysis of the Image Language of Tantou Woodblock New Year Painting Based on Roland Barthes' Semiotic Theory

Zhaoyang Huang — 2026-01-25

Background and Aims: Tantou woodblock New Year paintings, as an intangible cultural heritage of Shaoyang, China, encapsulate a rich blend of agricultural civilization, Chu witch culture, Meishan traditions, and classical Chinese philosophy. Under the challenge of modernization and cultural loss, this study aims to reveal the deeper symbolic logic and cultural mythologies embedded in Tantou paintings through Roland Barthes' semiotic theory, breaking through the limitations of traditional folk-art analysis.

Methodology: This study adopts a semiotic framework, combining literature review, formal image analysis, and Barthes’ dual-layer symbol system—extension (language level) and connotation (myth level). By analyzing key motifs such as "Qin Shubao and Yuchi Gong" and "The Mouse’s Wedding", the research decodes their image structures, symbolic composition, and ideological significance.

Results: Findings demonstrate that Tantou paintings operate on multiple symbolic levels. At the extension layer, figures, animals, colors, and patterns form a coherent visual language system. At the connotation level, these elements metaphorically convey cultural values such as prosperity, fertility, humility, and divine authority. At the mythological level, they construct a worldview shaped by folk beliefs, survival ethics, and historical moral narratives, naturalizing ideologies within visual culture.

Conclusion: Tantou New Year paintings are not only expressions of folk aesthetics but also symbolic carriers of regional belief systems and ethical values. Through semiotic deconstruction, this study establishes a new interpretive paradigm for folk art and demonstrates how image language bridges tradition and modernity, art and ideology, through layered meaning systems.

Research on the Development Process of Leizhou Folk Songs

Cuiya Huang — 2026-01-25

Background and Aims: Leizhou folk songs, a core component of the cultural heritage of the Leizhou Peninsula, have a long developmental history rooted in proverbs, ballads, and traditional oral art forms. Despite their rich artistic and cultural value, these folk songs are facing a crisis in inheritance due to a declining number of inheritors and insufficient awareness. This study aims to analyze the developmental process of Leizhou folk songs and identify challenges and opportunities for their revitalization.

Methodology: A qualitative approach was adopted. Data were collected through literature review, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires. The qualitative analysis focused on historical evolution, typology, and stylistic features of folk songs.

Results: The study reveals that Leizhou folk songs evolved through three main stages: proverbs, ballads, and structured songs. Various forms such as oral songs, beggar songs, girls’ songs, and bang songs reflect the diversity and adaptability of Leizhou music. The research identifies geographic, linguistic, and cultural integration—particularly with Minnan and Central Plains traditions—as key contributors to their development. However, issues such as limited documentation, narrow dissemination, and a lack of successors hinder sustainable development.

Conclusion: Leizhou folk songs are a unique expression of regional culture and require systematic efforts for preservation and promotion. Through targeted educational initiatives, interdisciplinary research, policy support, and broader dissemination channels, the cultural and social value of these songs can be revitalized in contemporary society.

Ningbo Traditional Red Paint Gilding Wood Carving Inheritance and Communication in the Context of Globalization

Yuqin Zhang — 2026-01-26

Background and Aim: In the context of globalization, traditional crafts such as Ningbo Red Paint Gilding Wood Carving—a national intangible cultural heritage—face dual challenges of cultural erosion and industrial decline, while also encountering new opportunities through digitalization and global cultural exchange. This study aims to investigate the status of inheritance, the threats and challenges faced, and innovative strategies to ensure sustainable transmission and international dissemination of this ancient craft.

Materials and Methods: This research adopts a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, integrating literature review, fieldwork, case studies, comparative research, interviews, and policy analysis. Data collection involved site visits, semi-structured interviews with inheritors and policymakers, documentation of production processes, consumer segmentation studies, and review of Chinese and international cultural policy frameworks. Analytical tools such as SWOT analysis and digital ethnography were applied to derive insights.

Results: Findings reveal critical threats, including declining artisan populations, low youth engagement, and limited digital adaptation. However, opportunities emerge through AR/VR-enabled digital preservation, cross-industry product innovation, and global branding strategies. Consumer segmentation showed strong interest among cultural tourists and luxury buyers. Successful international models (e.g., Japan, Italy, South Korea) offer replicable policy insights. A tiered product-market strategy and the proposed “3P Model” (Protection–Promotion–Profit) are recommended for revitalization.

Conclusion: To achieve sustainable development, Ningbo Red Paint Gilding Wood Carving must integrate traditional techniques with modern innovation, supported by adaptive policy frameworks and global engagement. Digital transformation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and cultural tourism integration are key pathways. This case offers a model for preserving endangered crafts globally by balancing cultural authenticity with contemporary relevance.

A Study on Determining the Appropriate Target Inventory Levels for Consignment Machining Tools in a Glass Manufacturing Plant

Chumpol Monthatipkul — 2026-01-26

Background and Aims: In glass manufacturing, effective inventory control of consignment machining tools is critical due to their high value and the operational risk of stockouts. However, in practice, such control is often overlooked, leading to high inventory-related costs. This study addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on the development of a simulation-based framework for determining optimal target inventory levels for consignment machining tools—a topic with limited prior research in the glass manufacturing context. The research specifically aims to (1) classify inventory items using established techniques and (2) identify cost-effective inventory control parameters that maintain desired service performance under consignment conditions.

Methodology: The study applied the Pareto-based ABC classification to prioritize inventory items by consumption value, reflecting their operational criticality. Two representative items from Category A—with contrasting demand profiles—were selected for further analysis. A simulation model was developed under a periodic review system to determine optimal target inventory levels and review intervals, incorporating key real-world constraints such as urgent shipment costs due to stock-out. ABC was chosen for its proven effectiveness in prioritizing inventory management efforts, while simulation was used to address the system's complexity and demand variability, which are typical in machining tool consumption patterns.

Results: Simulation findings revealed that no universal formula could determine optimal settings; instead, parameters must be tailored to individual items. Frequent inventory reviews reduced safety stock needs but increased transportation costs, while less frequent reviews required more inventory to sustain high service levels. The simulation demonstrated that appropriate tuning of these parameters could yield measurable benefits—for example, reducing total inventory costs by up to 50% compared to the plant’s prior unmanaged system, while achieving over 95% service levels in critical tools.

Conclusion: Simulation is an essential tool for designing inventory policies in complex consignment contexts where demand variability and supplier ownership create unique challenges. The framework developed here is adaptable and can be applied to other manufacturing environments that rely on high-value consumables. Future research should extend the model to broader product sets or explore dynamic control policies responsive to real-time conditions.

Factors Affecting the Psychological Resilience of Adolescents in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China

Jiaye Li — 2026-01-26

Background and Aim: Adolescents worldwide face significant mental health challenges. Up to 30% of them suffer from mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. In high-pressure educational environments, such as those in China, approximately 40% of students report experiencing high academic stress. Psychological resilience is crucial for adolescents to handle stress and setbacks, reducing the risk of anxiety and depression. In Dezhou city, Shandong province, China, adolescents face modern academic pressures and are also influenced by Confucian values. Confucianism, including benevolence (Ren), righteousness (Yi), propriety (Li), wisdom (Zhi), and fidelity (Xin), is linked to psychological resilience development, shaping adolescents' moral outlook and enhancing their ability to tackle challenges. For educational management, analyzing psychological resilience in this specific cultural and educational context is vital. This examination can offer insights into supporting adolescents' academic success and well-being amid the unique pressures of the Chinese educational system. This study explores factors influencing adolescents' psychological resilience, such as a sense of meaning in life, a growth mindset, a fixed mindset, mindfulness, and Confucianism. It uniquely combines Confucianism with commonly studied factors to provide a comprehensive understanding of resilience in this context.

Methodology: This study used the quantitative research method and data collection through a questionnaire survey. The population was 7,020 adolescents in grades 10-12 from Dezhou city, Shandong Province. The sample size was 365 adolescents obtained by stratified random sampling. The data analysis used the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

Result: The results are as follows: 1) Adolescents' psychological resilience in Dezhou, Shandong, is positively correlated with sense of meaning in life, growth mindset, mindfulness, and Confucianism (p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with fixed mindset (p < 0.001). 2) Regression analysis indicated Confucianism (β= 0.236, p < 0.001) and the sense of meaning in life (β= 0.234, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors. Growth mindset (β= 0.167, p < 0.05) and mindfulness (β= 0.107, p < 0.05) also significantly predicted resilience, while fixed mindset (β= -0.186, p < 0.01) reduced resilience.

Conclusion: This study reveals that adolescents' psychological resilience is significantly influenced by a sense of meaning in life, growth mindset, fixed mindset, mindfulness, and Confucianism. These factors collectively explain 47.8% of the variance in psychological resilience among adolescents in Dezhou, Shandong Province, China. The research highlights the importance of integrating cultural values with psychological constructs to enhance resilience in specific cultural contexts. This study also shows that building life meaning, fostering a growth mindset, practicing mindfulness, and engaging with Confucianism can boost adolescents' psychological resilience. This helps them handle academic and life challenges, promoting academic and social development. These results offer valuable insights into educational management for creating targeted school interventions and support systems. Schools can strengthen students' moral and psychological development by integrating Confucianism into modern curricula. Implementing mindfulness programs and fostering a growth mindset through teacher training can build resilience. These strategies are beneficial for designing school-based mental health programs to support adolescents in facing challenges.

The Effects of Problem-based Learning Program on Chinese Higher Vocational Students’ Creative Self-efficacy

Huiqiong Huang — 2026-01-26

Background and Aim: In the context of the innovation-driven development strategy and the deepening of education reforms, the study aimed to develop a problem-based learning program to improve students' creative self-efficacy in Chinese higher vocational education and explore the effects of the problem-based learning program on improving students' creative self-efficacy in Chinese higher vocational education.

Methodology: The methodology of this study is a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. The sample was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The students' creative self-efficacy is examined by comparing the total average scores of the pre-test and post-test. The sample for this study was 108 freshman e-commerce students with the lowest creative self-efficacy out of 326 students who were equally and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups, 54 students in the experimental group, and 54 students in the control group. The experimental group was taught using a problem-based learning program, while the control group was not. The instruments used in this study are as follows: The problem-based learning program to improve creative self-efficacy of Chinese higher vocational students in terms of three components: Ideageneration, Uncertainty, and Focus, and The Test of Creative Self-Efficacy, which was based on Alan Hill’s (2008) test of creative self-efficacy. Before the experiment, the researchers recorded the students' pre-test scores and had the students participate in a two-week problem-oriented learning course. The students took a post-test at the end of the problem-based learning program. Finally, data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the problem-based learning program in improving students' creative self-efficacy in Chinese higher vocational education.

Result: The results showed that the experiment group applying the problem-based learning program had a higher level of creative self-efficacy than the control group, and before the experiment in all components at the .01 level.

Conclusions: (1) The difference in the scores of creative self-efficacy level of the students in the experimental group before and after the test indicates that the level of creative self-efficacy increased after completing the problem-based learning program. The study's results support the first research hypothesis. (2) Students who participated in the problem-based learning program scored higher on the creative self-efficacy test than those who did not. This indicates that the problem-based learning program effectively enhances students' creative self-efficacy. The findings support the second research hypothesis.

Design and Development Souvenir Snack Packaging Design for Generation Y: A Case Study of Koi Kei Bakery

Kexuan Luo — 2026-01-26

Background and Aims: Koi Kei Bakery, a traditional souvenir brand in Macau, has faced a decline in sales due to outdated packaging that fails to resonate with Generation Y consumers. This study aims to (1) analyze the Koi Kei Bakery souvenir snack packaging, (2) study the satisfaction and demand of Generation Y regarding this packaging, and (3) develop and design a new style of souvenir snack packaging that meets the preferences of Gen Y consumers for Koi Kei Bakery.

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative techniques. The study analyzed existing packaging, surveyed 400 Generation Y consumers about their preferences, and conducted expert interviews to identify design weaknesses and propose improvements. Data analysis involved content analysis and descriptive statistics.

Results: Koi Kei Bakery’s packaging is less effective than competitors such as Yeng Kee and Choi Heong Yuen in integrating traditional and modern design elements and utilizing color for brand recognition. Generation Y consumers expressed satisfaction with packaging materials but indicated that color, shape, and font size had limited impact on their purchase decisions. Experts recommended adopting more vibrant, eco-friendly, and contemporary designs, including enhancements to color schemes, materials, and typography. A redesigned packaging solution was developed accordingly.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the necessity for Koi Kei Bakery to update its souvenir snack packaging to better engage Generation Y consumers. Current packaging lacks cohesive modern-traditional integration and a clear brand identity. Consumer and expert feedback reveal opportunities to improve color, shape, materials, font size, and information clarity. The redesigned packaging offers a modern, sustainable, and visually appealing approach, strengthening brand identity and market appeal among Generation Y.

The Current Situation of ICT Teaching Competencies and Influencing Factors among Undergraduate Primary Teacher Education Students at Weifang University

Xiaoxuan Xu — 2026-01-26

Background and Aims: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an essential component of modern education. To support the development of future teachers, the Ministry of Education in China issued the Standards for ICT Teaching Competencies of Teacher Education Students in 2018, which were developed by Ren et al. (2018). The standard streamlined the earlier framework for in-service teachers into three key dimensions: basic technological literacy, technology-supported learning, and technology-supported teaching. Guided by this national standard, this study aimed to investigate the current situation of ICT teaching competencies among undergraduate primary teacher education students at Weifang University and explore the factors influencing these competencies.

Methodology: Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. The analysis included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: A total of 252 undergraduate primary teacher education students participated in the study, including 92 males and 160 females. By grade level, the sample consisted of 45 first-year, 61 second-year, 56 third-year, and 90 fourth-year students. In terms of academic performance, 53 students were classified in the top 30%, 153 in the middle 30%–70%, and 46 in the bottom 30%. Additionally, 109 students had participated in off-campus internships or practical experiences, while 143 had not. The results showed that students' ICT teaching competencies were moderate (M=3.22), with fourth-year students performing significantly better than first-year students. High-performing students outperformed their middle and low-performing peers. No significant gender differences were found. Although students with additional internship experience outside the university had slightly higher scores, the differences were not statistically significant. Regression analysis indicated that attitude, self-efficacy, practical opportunities, and courses were significant positive predictors of ICT teaching competencies, while facilities, teacher support, and school culture showed no significant impact.

Conclusion: These findings may offer useful insights for primary teacher education programs aiming to enhance ICT integration in teacher preparation.

Analysis of Shehuo Music in Xun County, Henan Province, China

Shuai Zhang — 2026-01-26

Background and Aims: Xun County’s Lantern Festival Shehuo performances trace back to ancient agrarian sacrificial rites. Although recognized on China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage list, their historical evolution, cultural significance, and musical characteristics remain underexplored. This study aims to (1) study the historical evolution and cultural significance of Chinese Lantern Festival Shehuo performances and (2) investigate the musical characteristics of the songs used in Shehuo performances.

Methodology: From March 2023 to March 2024, a multi‑sited ethnographic case study was conducted using (a) archival research in local libraries and gazetteers, (b) semi‑structured interviews with village historians, coordinators, elder performers (n = 10), and musicians (n = 8), and (c) non‑participant observations and audio‑visual recordings of twelve complete Lantern Festival performances. Musical excerpts were transcribed and subjected to qualitative content analysis to identify thematic and structural patterns.

Results: Findings trace Shehuo’s shift from earth‑and‑fire sacrificial rites to a syncretic folk spectacle incorporating opera melodies, yangge dance, and Buddhist ritual gestures that reinforce communal identity. Musically, songs rest on a pentatonic core enriched with minor‑mode inflections, follow a four-phrase formal schema, and feature ornamentations such as sliding tones and delayed cadences. Rhythmic analysis reveals choreographically driven alternations between duple (2/4) and compound (6/8) meters aligned with Xun dialect prosody. The ensemble centers on suona solos layered over multi-tiered percussion, creating timbral textures distinct from neighboring traditions. However, youth disengagement, practitioner aging, and unstructured digital archiving threaten vertical transmission and risk “museumification.”

Conclusion: This study highlights Shehuo’s layered historical dynamics and unique sonic identity, emphasizing the need for structured, community-based education and systematic archiving of core musical elements. The results inform evidence-based strategies to sustain Shehuo as a living tradition rather than a static relic.

Factors Affecting Emotion Regulation of Undergraduate Students in China

Yuan Li — 2026-01-26

Background and Aims: This study aimed to investigate the factors related to and affecting emotion regulation among undergraduate students in China. Emotion regulation plays a crucial role in students’ mental health, social functioning, and academic adaptation. However, limited research has been conducted on this topic in the context of Chinese higher education.

Methodology: A quantitative questionnaire survey was conducted with 326 undergraduate students from Kunming College of Arts and Sciences, selected through simple random sampling. The Emotion Regulation and Factors Affecting Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERFAQ) was used to assess seven variables. The data were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses.

Results: The findings showed that all seven independent variables, authoritative parenting style, authoritarian parenting style, permissive parenting style, academic stress, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, cognitive control, and social media use, were significantly positively correlated with emotion regulation (p < 0.01). Five factors significantly predicted emotion regulation: academic stress, authoritative parenting style, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, cognitive control, and social media use. These variables explained 45.4% of the variance in emotion regulation. Authoritarian and permissive parenting styles showed no significant predictive effect.

Conclusion: The study showed that academic, personal, family, and social media factors jointly influence the emotional regulation abilities of Chinese undergraduate students. The findings suggest that focusing on stress reduction, emotional self-efficacy development, supportive parenting, and balanced media use may effectively enhance emotion regulation in this population.