Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal

Development of Problem-based Active Learning Activities to Promote Science Learning Achievement of Grade 6 Students

Satiya Kuongtip — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: Science is of great importance to humanity. It helps develop cognitive abilities, logical reasoning, creativity, analytical thinking, knowledge-seeking skills, and the ability to solve problems systematically. It also promotes the rational application of scientific and technological knowledge, fosters an understanding of fundamental principles and theories, and recognizes the limitations of science. The ultimate goal is to develop learners into good, intelligent, and happy individuals who have the potential for further education and can apply their knowledge beneficially. This research aims to 1) Study the efficiency of active learning activities for Grade 6 students to be effective according to the criteria of 80/80 2) To compare the learning achievement in the science and technology subject group of Grade 6 students by organizing active learning activities before and after studying and 3) Study of students' satisfaction with the organization of problem-based active learning activities. The sample group was 34 students in Grade 6

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of Grade 6/7 students from Kalasin Kindergarten School, under the jurisdiction of the Office of Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area 1, during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample included one classroom with a total of 34 students, selected through cluster random sampling, using classrooms as the unit of selection by drawing lots. Research instruments: 1) Lesson Plans – Six lesson plans totaling 12 hours were designed using problem-based active learning activities under the topic “Substances Around Us” from the Science Learning Area for Grade 6 students.2) Achievement Test – A 20-item multiple-choice test (with four options per item) was developed to measure students’ science learning achievement on the topic “Substances Around Us,” aligned with the Science and Technology Learning Area for Grade 6. 3) Student Satisfaction Questionnaire – A 10-item 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to assess students’ satisfaction with the problem-based active learning activities.

Results: 1) The effectiveness of the problem-based active learning activities designed to enhance the science learning achievement of Grade 6 students is 90.15/89.55, which meets the established criteria. The set criterion is 80/80.2) The science learning achievement of students who participated in the problem-based active learning activities significantly increased after the learning, compared to before the learning, with statistical significance at the .05 level.3) Students' satisfaction with the problem-based active learning activities, overall, is at the highest level.

Conclusion: The development of problem-based active learning activities that effectively promote science learning achievement of grade 6 students and can also be used to develop higher-level learners.

A Development Model of Digital Leadership for School Administrators under the Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Nittaya Phudonnang — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: School administrators are key variables in ensuring quality education management. In the digital era, school administrators must continuously develop their knowledge, competencies, attributes, skills, and educational management experience to keep pace with ongoing changes. They should possess digital leadership qualities, acting as technology users, resource allocators, and drivers of educational transformation. This is essential for modernizing schools and ensuring effective management across all aspects of education. Therefore, this research aims to: 1. Study the components and indicators of digital leadership for school administrators. 2. Study the current situation, desirable condition, and needs assessment of digital leadership for school administrators under the Sakon Nakhon primary educational service area office 2. 3) Develop and evaluate a model of digital leadership for school administrators under the Sakon Nakhon primary educational service area office 2.

Methodology: The research was divided into three phases: Phase 1: Study the components and indicators of digital leadership for school administrators. The key informants consist of seven individuals purposively selected from educational scholars, educational administrators, and school administrators. Phase 2: Study the current situation, desirable condition, and needs assessment of digital leadership for school administrators under the Sakon Nakhon primary educational service area office 2. The sample group comprises 322 school administrators and teachers, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument is a five-point Likert scale questionnaire with an overall reliability coefficient of .87. Data analysis includes mean and standard deviation calculations. Phase 3: Develop and evaluate a model of digital leadership for school administrators under the Sakon Nakhon primary educational service area office 2. The key informants include nine individuals purposively selected from educational scholars, educational administrators, and school administrators to assess the propriety, feasibility, and utility of the model, seven experts were selected as an expert panel to evaluate the model implementation manual. The data obtained from the evaluation were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation

Results: 1. The components and indicators of digital leadership of school administrators consist of: Vision and new paradigms, Digital literacy, Digital communication, Innovation creation and development. 2. The overall current state is rated at a high level, while the overall desired state is rated at the highest level. The priority index for development needs is ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Vision and new paradigms, Digital literacy, Digital communication, Innovation creation and development. 3. The model consists of the following components: Principles, Objectives, Content, Development process, Assessment, and evaluation. The model defines learning units in digital communication, digital literacy, innovation creation and development, and vision and new paradigms. The overall assessment results indicate that the model's appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness are rated at the highest level.

Conclusion: The findings of this study provide systematic knowledge that can be applied to the development of digital leadership among school administrators. The study emphasizes the targeted development of essential areas and presents a practical development model that can be effectively implemented. This model benefits administrators, teachers, students, and the overall education system in the digital era. The research results identify four key components of digital leadership: Vision and new paradigms, Digital literacy, Digital communication, Innovation creation and development. The evaluation of the model indicates that it is highly appropriate, feasible, and beneficial. These findings can serve as a guideline for enhancing the digital leadership of school administrators, enabling them to integrate digital technologies effectively and efficiently into educational management.

The Model for Ethical Leadership Development Secondary School Administrators in the Official Inspection Region 12, under the Office of the Basic Education Commission

Chanida Yotsapol — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: School administrators serve as key leaders in managing education at the institutional level and play a critical role in shaping educational outcomes. Therefore, they need to possess the necessary potential, competencies, and characteristics that facilitate effective educational management. One of these indispensable qualities is "ethical leadership." Therefore, the objectives of this research are as follows: 1) to study the components and indicators of ethical leadership of secondary school administrators. 2) to study the current situation, desirable conditions, and needs assessment of secondary school administrators. 3) Create a model for ethical leadership development of secondary school administrators. 4) to study the results of using the model for ethical leadership development of secondary school administrators.

Methodology: The research was divided into four phases: Phase 1: studied components and indicators of ethical leadership of school administrators. The key informant group was 9 experts to confirm the components and indicators. Phase 2: studied the current situation, desirable conditions, and needs assessment of ethical leadership of secondary school administrators. The sample group consisted of 375 school administrators and teachers. The research tool was a questionnaire with a reliability of .93. Data were analyzed by means and standard deviation Phase 3: create a model for ethical leadership development of secondary school administrators. The key informant group was 6 experts to study best practices and 9 experts to confirm the model by connoisseurship. Phase 4: studied the results of using the model for ethical leadership development of secondary school administrators. The target groups were 20 school administrators in the official inspection region 12, under the office of the basic education commission.

Results: 1. The components and indicators of ethical leadership of secondary school administrators consisted of 4 components, including 1) respect, 2) responsibility, 3) justice, and 4) good citizenship. 2. The overall current condition is at a high average level. The overall desirable condition was at the highest mean level. The needs assessment was ranked from highest to lowest as follows: 1) good citizenship, 2) justice, 3) responsibility, and 4) respect. 3. The development model consists of four modules as follows: Module 1, good citizenship, Module 2, justice; Module 3, responsibility; and Module 4, respect. The overall assessment results indicate that the appropriateness, feasibility, and benefits of the model are at the highest level. 4. The results from using the model: 1) the evaluation of ethical leadership levels among school administrators revealed that all aspects showed significant improvements, with the overall average rating reaching the highest level. 2) Satisfaction with the application of the development model was rated at the highest average level. 3) The evaluation of the appropriateness of the user manual for the development model indicated that the overall appropriateness achieved the highest average rating.

Conclusion: The leadership of school administrators in the modern era requires the integration of universal principles and Buddhist teachings to cultivate a strong sense of moral consciousness for personal development and to guide the organization toward achieving its educational objectives. The components consist of the following: 1) good citizenship, 2) justice, 3) responsibility, and 4) Respect.

A Model for The Development of Creative Leadership of School Administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Maha Sarakham

Wannipa Deekansai — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: Creative leadership by school administrators plays a crucial role in enhancing student outcomes, especially in an era of complex educational change and increasing competition. Effective educational management requires collaboration from all relevant stakeholders. School administrators serve as key drivers in steering the organization toward its goals through creative leadership, which enables schools to adapt and develop efficiently. Therefore, this study aims to: 1) Study the components and indicators of creative leadership of school administrators. 2) Study the current situation, desirable condition and needs assessment of creative leadership of school administrators. 3) Develop a model for creative leadership of school administrators. 4) Study the results of using the model for creative leadership of school administrators.

Methodology: The research was divided into four phases: Phase 1: studied components and indicators of creative leadership of school administrators. The key informants consisted of seven experts. Phase 2: studied the current situation, desirable conditions, and needs assessment of creative leadership of school administrators. The sample group consisted of 331 school administrators and teachers. The research instrument was a five-level Likert scale questionnaire with an overall reliability coefficient of 0.79. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Phase 3: Developing a model for creative leadership of school administrators. The key informants included six experts and nine experts. Phase 4: Study the results of using the model for creative leadership of school administrators. The target group consisted of 15 school administrators.

Results: 1. The components and indicators of creative leadership of school administrators consisted of: (1) creativity, (2) imagination, (3) flexibility and adaptability, (4) vision, and (5) individualized consideration. 2. The current state was rated at a high level, while the desired state was at the highest level. The ranking of needs assessment, from highest to lowest, was as follows: (1) individualized consideration, (2) flexibility and adaptability, (3) creativity, (4) vision, and (5) imagination. 3. The developed model comprised five key elements: (1) principles, (2) objectives, (3) content, (4) development processes, and (5) evaluation and assessment. The content was structured into five modules: Module 1: Creativity, Module 2: Imagination, Module 3: Flexibility and Adaptability, Module 4: Vision, and Module 5: Individualized consideration. The overall assessment of the model’s appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness was rated at the highest level. 4.The evaluation of the model’s implementation revealed that participants demonstrated the highest level of creative leadership after development. Overall satisfaction with the model and the usability manual was also rated at the highest level.

Conclusion: Creative Leadership is a crucial factor that enables school administrators to manage effectively by inspiring and motivating personnel to think outside the box, make bold decisions, and adapt to changing circumstances. Research has identified five key components of creative leadership among school administrators: (1) creativity, (2) vision, (3) flexibility and adaptability, (4) individualized consideration, and (5) imagination. These components are essential in driving organizational development and addressing the challenges of the modern era.

The Study of Grade 11 Students’ Problem-Solving Ability on Sequences and Series by Using Teaching Through Problem Solving

Pongsupa Thupthein — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: Mathematical problem-solving ability is an essential skill in learning mathematics, and it should be continuously developed and fostered in students. Teaching through problem solving (TTP) provides opportunities for students to actively engage in learning through real-world problem situations, encouraging them to analyze and understand problems and collaboratively develop logical solution strategies. This approach also enables students to explain the steps taken in solving problems, leading to accurate and well-reasoned conclusions. The purpose of this study was to examine the mathematical problem-solving ability of Grade 11 students in the topic of sequences and series by using TTP.

Methodology: The target group for this study consisted of 23 Grade 11 students from Rattanathibate School, Nonthaburi Province, during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. These students were under the instruction of the researcher. The research instruments included TTP lesson plans on sequences and series, and a mathematical problem-solving ability test on the same topic. Data analysis involved frequency, mode, arithmetic mean, and percentage, with the results presented in tables, single bar graphs, and multiple bar graphs.

Results: The students demonstrated mathematical problem-solving abilities in the topic of sequences and series. After participating in problem-based learning, they achieved an average score of 18.70 out of a total of 24 points, which is equivalent to 77.92%. This performance is assessed at a proficient level (13–18 points).

Conclusion: The students were able to appropriately select concepts and formulas related to sequences and series, assign and substitute variables, and logically explain the problem-solving processes, which led to correct answers.

Factors Influencing the Intention to Use Online Parcel Delivery Platforms among Residents of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province

Rapeepat Laopithaksanti — 2026-05-10

Background and Objectives: In the digital era, parcel delivery through online platforms has become a vital and rapidly growing service. This trend urges service providers to continuously develop and refine their systems and strategies to enhance user satisfaction and promote continued usage. This study aims to (1) examine the level of public opinion in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province regarding electronic service quality, marketing mix, and the intention to send parcels via online platforms, and (2) investigate the influence of electronic service quality and marketing mix factors on the intention to send parcels through online platforms among residents.

Research Methodology: This quantitative study employed a questionnaire to collect data from 232 respondents during April–May 2025. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and multiple regression analysis using the Enter method.

Results: The findings revealed that (1) public opinion on electronic service quality, marketing mix, and the intention to send parcels through online platforms was at a high level; and (2) four components of electronic service quality—system usability efficiency, system availability, fulfillment, and privacy—together with the four marketing mix elements—product, price, place, and promotion—had a statistically significant influence on the intention to send parcels via online platforms among residents of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province at the 0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion: Service providers should focus on developing high-quality digital systems and applying appropriate marketing strategies to build user confidence and foster sustainable usage of online parcel delivery platforms.

The Middle-Income Trap of Thailand: The Politics of Comparative Development of the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Japan

Wanlada Kanchom — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: The middle-income trap is a phenomenon where developing countries are unable to raise their income levels to become high-income nations. This article aims to analyze the factors that could enable Thailand to escape the middle-income trap by comparing the developmental trajectories of the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Japan.

Methodology: This study employs a comparative development approach, analyzing the stages of economic advancement to identify the factors contributing to a country’s success or failure in overcoming the middle-income trap.

Results: Countries that have successfully escaped the middle-income trap—such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan—have systematically established strong foundations in industry and innovation, with the state playing a strategic role in development. In contrast, countries that remain trapped, such as Thailand and China, face structural economic limitations, reliance on cheap labor, and a lack of sustainable innovation-supporting institutions. Although Thailand has reached an upper-middle-income status, it has yet to undergo a genuine structural economic transformation.

Conclusion: To sustainably escape the middle-income trap, Thailand should adopt a hybrid strategy: using Japan’s “developmental state” model as the core, integrating China’s innovation promotion, and building institutional market foundations akin to those in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Cultural Exchange and Integration of Hunan Flower Drum Opera and Folk Song Classics

Xinruo Wang — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: Hunan Flower Drum Opera and folk songs are both deeply rooted in Hunan’s cultural heritage and have historically developed in symbiosis, sharing musical materials, dialectal characteristics, and emotional expression. As carriers of regional culture, they illustrate the concept of “the same origin of opera and song.” This study aims to explore the mechanisms of cultural exchange between the two forms and analyze their artistic integration and innovative practices, particularly through case studies such as Liu Hai's Chopping Woodcutter and Liao Jialin’s adaptation of Rolling in the Deep. The research seeks to uncover how these forms contribute to cultural identity and the global dissemination of traditional Chinese arts.

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach is adopted, combining bibliometric analysis and content analysis. Data were collected through a systematic literature review based on PRISMA principles using CNKI. Co-occurrence network analysis and timeline visualization were employed to track the evolution of research themes. Case analysis of selected performances and adaptations, particularly Liu Hai Chopping Woodcutter and Rolling in the Deep, was also conducted to examine musical structures, dialect features, and performance techniques.

Results: The study demonstrates a strong artistic and cultural synergy between Hunan Flower Drum Opera and folk songs. Through content and performance analysis of representative case studies, including Liu Hai Chopping Woodcutter and Rolling in the Deep, the research reveals how musical material, vocal techniques, and dialectal rhythms interpenetrate to form a hybrid performance language. Liu Hai Chopping Woodcutter exemplifies shared melodic and structural elements, while Rolling in the Deep represents a successful model of cross-cultural innovation, utilizing local dialects and opera techniques to reinterpret global pop music. These findings highlight how such integration strengthens regional cultural identity and expands the international visibility of traditional Chinese art forms through multimedia platforms and creative adaptations.

Conclusion: The cultural exchange between Hunan Flower Drum Opera and folk songs reflects the dynamic interaction between tradition and innovation. Their integration exemplifies how local art forms can be revitalized and internationalized through creative transformation, technological support, and strategic dissemination. To ensure their sustainable development, it is vital to maintain dialectal authenticity, invest in youth-oriented education and performance strategies, and leverage digital platforms. These approaches can position Hunan’s musical heritage as a meaningful contributor to global cultural dialogue.

From Shamanic Ritual to the Ritual-Music System: The Structural Evolution of Shamanic Ritual Martial Dance and Its Foundational Role in Later Martial Dance Forms

Rui Zhang — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: This study investigates the historical evolution of Ganqi Dance, a prototypical form of Shamanic Ritual Martial Dance, and its structural transformation within the Chinese ritual-music system. By decoding its triadic structure of movement–instrument–space, the research aims to elucidate how this dance form transitioned from a shamanic martial rite into a formalized component of state rituals, and how it laid the foundation for subsequent martial-ritual practices in Chinese history.

Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative historical approach, integrating systematic literature review, textual criticism, and artifact/iconographic analysis. Key sources include oracle bone inscriptions, bronze ritual vessels, and canonical texts such as The Book of Rites, Zhouli, and Yili. Excavated artifacts like the Fangjia of Lady Fu Hao, bronze weapons with Ganqi motifs, and Eight Yi dance formations are analyzed to reconstruct the choreographic and symbolic logic of the Ganqi Phalanx.

Results: Findings reveal that the Ganqi Dance functioned as a political-religious performance uniting military authority and spiritual communication. The coordinated use of ritual weapons (Gan and Qi) and square spatial configurations mirrored cosmological principles and hierarchical state order. This triadic ritual structure was later codified into Confucian ceremonial forms, with enduring symbolic and institutional influence visible in the Da Wu dance, imperial ceremonies, and modern ritual revivals.

Conclusion: The Ganqi Dance represents a foundational model in Chinese ritual-military choreography, integrating somatic technique, cosmological space, and ritual objects into a unified ceremonial expression. Its structural logic exemplifies the translation of shamanic ritual into codified state ideology. This study contributes a new interpretive framework for analyzing ancient dance as a complex embodiment of political, religious, and aesthetic functions. Future research should explore digital reconstructions and comparative studies with other East Asian ritual martial traditions.

The Performance of Choral Adaptations of Hunan Folk Songs

Fan Xia — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: Hunan folk songs are an essential part of China’s traditional music culture and possess strong regional characteristics. In recent decades, choral adaptations of these folk songs have become a significant form for preserving and promoting this cultural heritage. However, these adaptations face challenges in terms of performance standardization, stylistic fusion, and contemporary dissemination. This study aims to explore the compositional and vocal techniques involved in choral adaptations of Hunan folk songs, examine their performance characteristics, and propose sustainable dissemination and development strategies in the modern era.

Methodology: This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative techniques. Data were collected through literature analysis, field observation, musical analysis, interviews, and questionnaire surveys. Statistical methods were employed to assess the dissemination and audience engagement of Hunan folk song choral works. Survey results from 326 valid responses indicated that 68.4% of audience members preferred adaptations that preserved local dialect pronunciation, while 74.1% favored performances that integrated both folk and Bel Canto vocal styles. Among compositional techniques, composite texture and pentatonic-based harmonization were identified as the most appreciated by 59.7% of respondents, suggesting a strong public preference for culturally grounded yet modernized choral arrangements.

Results: The study finds that effective choral adaptations of Hunan folk songs retain the core tonal and melodic elements while employing modern compositional techniques such as texture layering, form expansion, and harmonization. Vocal performance blends elements of Western bel canto and native folk techniques, particularly in timbre, resonance, breathing, and language articulation. Dissemination strategies such as school integration, media promotion, and cultural policy support are critical to revitalizing interest in these choral forms.

Conclusion: Choral adaptations of Hunan folk songs provide a dynamic medium for cultural inheritance and innovation. By balancing artistic integrity with modern aesthetic preferences and through strengthened research, talent cultivation, and diversified dissemination models, these works can achieve broader recognition and sustainability in contemporary music culture.

Management Skills in the Digital Age for School Administrators at Private Religious Schools and Medium-sized Islamic Schools under the Office of Private Education, Songkhla Province

Rushdee Sriahmad — 2026-05-18

Background and Aims: This study aimed to (1) examine the digital-era administrative skills of administrators in medium-sized private Islamic schools under the Office of Private Education in Songkhla Province, (2) compare these administrative skills based on gender, age, educational attainment, and work experience, and (3) gather suggestions from teaching staff on improving the digital-era administrative skills of school administrators.

Methodology: This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 248 administrators from medium-sized private Islamic schools in Songkhla Province, selected using simple random sampling to ensure a distribution across targeted schools in each area. The research instrument used in this study was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, which was validated for content validity by experts who participated in the study. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on their professional experience and relevance to the research topic. The qualifications of the experts included school licensees, school administrators, and teachers with item-objective congruence values ranging from 0.67 to 1.00. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a coefficient of 0.962. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and content analysis.

Results: The research results found that 1) The overall level of digital-age management skills among administrators of medium-sized private Islamic schools under the Office of Private Education in Songkhla Province was rated as high. 2) Administrators with different levels of work experience demonstrated statistically significant differences in their overall digital-age management skills at the .05 level. However, no statistically significant differences were found based on gender, age, or educational background. 3) Suggestions from teachers indicated that administrators should be continuously supported in developing digital technology skills. Training sessions and workshops should be provided to enhance their ability to use digital tools effectively for administrative tasks. Moreover, administrators should be encouraged to lead with ethical conduct and adhere to Islamic principles in their policy-making and decision-making processes within the context of private Islamic schools.

Conclusion: The study found that school administrators at medium-sized private Islamic schools under the Office of Private Education in Songkhla Province demonstrated a high level of digital-age management skills, particularly in digital ethics, faith-based leadership, and the use of technology in administration. Work experience was significantly associated with these skills, while gender, age, and education showed no significant differences. It is recommended that ongoing training focus on digital integration and ethical leadership to strengthen school management in the digital era.

Development of Learning Activities Using Integrated Teaching Approach to Promote Chinese Folk Dance Abilities of Students in Art College

Rui Zhou — 2026-05-18

Background and Aims: With the growing integration of culture and tourism, the preservation and promotion of traditional Chinese culture—particularly folk dance—has become a priority in arts education. This study aimed to: (1) develop learning activities based on an integrated teaching approach to enhance students’ Chinese folk-dance abilities; (2) evaluate the effectiveness of these activities in improving dance performance; and (3) assess student satisfaction with the learning experience.

Methodology: The study involved 20 first-year students from the Department of Folk Dance, School of Dance, Nanjing University of the Arts, during the second semester of 2023. Research instruments included lesson plans, a Chinese folk dance ability assessment, and a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentages, means, and standard deviations.

Results: Expert evaluation indicated that the integrated teaching approach lesson plans were highly suitable (mean = 4.42). Post-intervention assessment showed that 45% of students achieved outstanding performance, 35% met the standard, and 20% performed at a good level, with an overall average score of 80.30%. Student satisfaction with the learning activities was very high (mean = 4.80, S.D. = 0.30), with the highest ratings given to activities that developed dance skills and enhanced dance quality and fitness.

Conclusion: The integrated teaching approach proved to be a highly effective instructional strategy for improving Chinese folk-dance abilities and achieving exceptional student satisfaction. It offers a viable model for blending traditional and modern teaching methods in the preservation and advancement of cultural heritage through dance education.

Promoting Public Health Professional Competence for Community Health Students through Practical Community Practice

Chisapath Choothong — 2026-05-18

Background and Objectives: Competency refers to a behavioral characteristic that arises from the integration of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and personal traits, all of which contribute to effective and efficient performance. This research aimed to 1) study the professional public health competency of community health students through community practice, 2) study mentors' opinions on the practices of community health students, and 3) assess the satisfaction of community health students with their community practice experiences.

Research Methodology: The population comprised 56 second- and third-year community health students from the Faculty of Science at Lampang Rajabhat University during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The research instruments included 1) a practical skills assessment form; 2) a community health professional competence assessment form for community practice; 3) a mentor opinion questionnaire; and 4) a student satisfaction questionnaire for community health students participating in community practice. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics to present mean and standard deviation values. Content analysis involved summarizing key points and organizing data from focus group discussions. Both descriptive statistics and content analysis were conducted.

Results: The study revealed that 1) Community Public Health students demonstrated a professional public health competence, indicating the highest level (\bar{x} = 4.55, S.D.=0.50). 2) Mentors' opinions regarding the practical experiences of community public health students indicated the highest level (\bar{x} = 4.79, S.D.=0.49), and 3) community public health students reported reflecting the highest level (\bar{x} = 4.50, S.D.=0.64).

Conclusion: Community practice contributes to the development of professional competence among community public health students, enhancing their ability to engage with communities and increasing their satisfaction with experiential learning.

Development of Python Programming Skills with Project-Based Learning Management for Grade 7 Students

Jittakorn Udomariyasap — 2026-05-18

Background and Objectives: The use of project-based learning in teaching science will enable students to use the inquiry process. Students will use higher-order thinking skills that are more complex. It can create motivation for students to search for information, learn, and work. Research

Methodology: This research aimed to 1) develop Python language skills by organizing project-based learning for Mathayom 1 students with efficiency according to the criteria of 70/70, 2) study Python language skills by organizing project-based learning, and 3) study satisfaction with the development of Python language skills by organizing project-based learning. The target group was Mathayom 1 students at Rongkham Wittayanukul School, Roi Et Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, totaling 12 people. The research instruments were project-based learning plans, a Python language skills test, and satisfaction questionnaires. The statistics used in the research were mean, standard deviation (S.D.), percentage, and hypothesis testing using the t-test (one-sample t-test).

Results: 1) Project-based learning management for developing Python language skills was effective (E1/E2) at 77.01/75.83. 2) The average Python language skills of students who studied with project-based learning management were 75.83 percent. 3) Students were satisfied with the development of Python language skills with project-based learning management at the highest level.

Conclusion: Project-based learning management for developing Python language skills where teachers paid attention to every step from planning, preparing, and organizing the learning, being a facilitator who gave close and thorough advice during organizing the learning activities, and appropriate measurement and evaluation, allowed students to play a role in the work, know how to find information, solve problems, and have creativity. This can be applied to designing various programs.

The Development of English Language Learning Achievement Using Activity-based Learning for Grade 4 Students

Lapatrada Saengarkha — 2026-05-18

Background and Objectives: This research aimed to 1) develop an activity-based learning activity for Grade 4 students based on the 75/75 criterion, 2) compare the academic achievement between before and after learning of Grade 4 students using activity-based learning management, and 3) study the satisfaction of Grade 4 students towards the organization of activity-based learning activities. Research

Methodology: The sample consisted of 18 Grade 4 students of Nong Naen School in the first semester of the 2024 academic year, who were selected by cluster random sampling. The research instruments were 1) a learning management plan, 2) an English achievement test, and 3) a satisfaction questionnaire. The statistics used were percentage, mean, and standard deviation. And t-test

Results: It was found that 1) The learning activities using activities as a base for students were effective at 85.37/82.22, which was in accordance with the specified criteria. 2) Students who received learning using activities as a base had English learning achievements after studying that were significantly higher than before studying at a statistical level of .05. 3) Students had the highest level of satisfaction with the organization of learning activities using activities as a base.

Conclusion: The learning activities using activities as a base for students were effective, resulting in English learning achievements of students using activities as a base after studying being higher than before studying.

Male Characterisation in Chinese National Opera in an Academic Context

Herong Wan — 2026-05-18

Background and Aims: Chinese national opera has historically focused on male characters, who have carried forward the art form’s core values and artistic traditions. Their portrayal reflects a fusion of Chinese cultural heritage with Western operatic influences, creating a distinct style. This study aims to analyze the evolution, artistic characteristics, and cultural significance of iconic male roles in Chinese national opera while exploring how their characterization contributes to national artistic identity.

Methodology: This study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining literature review, historical research, case studies, and survey analysis. Representative operas such as Sparrow and Child, The White-Haired Girl, and Mount Yimeng were selected to investigate male character shaping. In addition, a targeted survey among vocal performers and educators was conducted to collect practical insights about singing techniques and performance styles for male roles.

Results: The findings trace the development of male characters through three historical phases: early exploration and creation, the foundational period, and in-depth innovation. Male roles evolved from early revolutionary images to more nuanced and emotionally complex figures, reflecting the changing cultural and social context. Typical male characters, such as Bailao Yang, Juansheng, and Sheng Lin, embody bravery, sacrifice, and cultural continuity, underpinned by a blend of Western vocal techniques and traditional Chinese aesthetics.

Conclusion: The study concludes that male characters in Chinese national opera play a vital role in preserving and transmitting Chinese cultural values while innovating performance art. Their continued evolution demonstrates the integration of tradition with modern artistic expression. Strengthening research and practice in this field is essential to support the sustainable development and global appreciation of Chinese national opera.

Development of Thai Language Textbooks for Basic Communication for Chinese Learners Studying Thai as a Foreign Language

Samniang Fahkrajang — 2026-05-18

Background and Aims: In the digital age, with the rapid development of borderless communication systems, language has become an important tool to convey ideas, thoughts, social values, and cross-cultural understanding. Foreign language learning is a way to enhance learners' effective communication and adaptability in a multicultural society. Developing basic communicative Thai textbooks for Chinese learners is a necessary condition to improve the learning quality and deepen the understanding of the Thai cultural context. The purpose of this study is to create a learning medium that can meet the specific needs of a learner of Thai as a foreign language in China. Its purposes are: 1) to develop and find Thai teaching materials, and to provide the basic level of communication for Chinese learners; 2) to compare the Thai communication ability of Chinese learners before and after learning using the developed basic Thai communication textbook; and 3) to study the satisfaction of Chinese learners toward using a basic Thai communication textbook in learning Thai.

Methodology: This research is experimental. The population and sample of this study consisted of 28 first-year Chinese students in the Bachelor of Arts Program in Aviation Business, School of Tourism and Hospitality, Suan Dusit University, who studied Thai as a foreign language in the second semester of the academic year 2018. The research instruments included a Thai language textbook for basic communication for Chinese learners studying Thai as a foreign language, a 40-item test to measure Thai communication ability in everyday life, 12 lesson plans using the communicative language teaching method with a Thai language textbook for basic communication, and a questionnaire on Chinese students’ satisfaction with the Thai language textbook for basic communication using a 5-point rating scale. The statistics used were the mean, standard deviation, textbook efficiency index (E1/E2), and t-test dependent.

Results: It was found that 1) the Thai language textbook for basic communication for Chinese learners studying Thai as a foreign language to promote the ability to speak Thai for communication was at the highest level of overall suitability (\bar{x}= 4.78, S.D = 0.24) and had an efficiency value of 80.42/80.54, by the established criteria of 80/80. 2) The average post-test score of Chinese learners who studied using the developed textbook was higher than the average pre-test score at the statistical significance level of .05., and 3) Chinese learners were highly satisfied with the Thai language textbook for basic communication for Chinese learners studying Thai as a foreign language (\bar{x}= 4.73, S.D = 0.14).

Conclusion: This Thai language textbook for basic communication is designed for Chinese learners who study Thai as a foreign language and can effectively enhance their Thai communication skills.

Analysis of Translation Strategies in Translated Literature from Modern Chinese Literature

Prissana Fongsrun — 2026-05-18

Background and Aims: Idioms are a cultural heritage that reflects the wisdom and context of each nation. Translated literature, in particular, plays a role in transmitting foreign beliefs and cultures to Thai literature, which has continued to enjoy popularity. Contemporary Chinese literature, in particular, has been widely translated. Therefore, the researcher is interested in studying the translation techniques of Chinese idioms in Thai-language translations. The objective is to collect Chinese idioms that appear in translated literature and analyze the translation techniques by comparing them with the original text. This aims to study the formats, methods, and accuracy of appropriately transferring idioms and cultures from Chinese to Thai.

Methodology: In this research, the researcher has established a framework and guidelines for operations consistent with the study objectives, divided into three main steps: 1) data selection, which covers the selection of Chinese literature and Chinese idioms used in the analysis; 2) data collection by compiling documents, related research, translation characteristics, and idioms from the original Chinese version compared to the Thai translation; and 3) data presentation, which includes the interpretation of idioms, analysis of translation strategies, and displaying the results in tabular form for clarity and systematicity.

Results: It was found that there are 6 types of translation strategies in literature translated from modern Chinese literature: translation strategies by translating expressions word for word, translation strategies by paraphrasing expressions, translation strategies by using Thai expressions with comparisons, translation strategies by using Thai expressions instead of words, translation strategies by adding Thai expressions to expand meaning, and translation strategies by omitting expressions.

Conclusion: Considering the translation strategies of idioms in literature translated from modern Chinese literature, the most common translation strategy was paraphrasing the idioms, followed by the translation strategy of directly translating the idioms word for word, and the translation strategy of using Thai idioms with comparison.

A Study on the Path of Cultural Integration from the Perspective of Fashion Design: The Collision and Symbiosis of Chinese and Thai Cultural Symbols

Jiajun Liu — 2026-05-19

Background and Aim: With globalization accelerating cross-cultural exchanges, fashion design has become a critical medium for expressing and negotiating cultural identity. This study investigates the integration path of cultural symbols between China and Thailand through the lens of fashion design, focusing on the dynamic interaction—both conflictual and symbiotic—between the two cultural systems. The aim is to explore how traditional cultural elements from both countries can be deconstructed, recontextualized, and reconstructed within contemporary fashion to foster a dialogue that transcends cultural boundaries.

Methodology: This research adopts a qualitative methodology combining visual cultural analysis, semiotic decoding, and comparative case studies. Traditional Chinese and Thai motifs—including textiles, silhouettes, color systems, and ornamental symbols—were selected as representative samples. These were analyzed through their application in both historical and contemporary fashion artifacts. Additionally, interviews with designers and cross-cultural consumers were conducted to assess perception and reception. The theoretical framework is informed by cultural hybridity theory and design anthropology.

Results: The findings reveal that while certain symbolic elements—such as Chinese dragon motifs and Thai lotus iconography—retain strong cultural specificity, their reinterpretation in fashion design enables the emergence of hybrid aesthetics. Designers who engage in cross-cultural dialogue often adopt a selective appropriation strategy, preserving core cultural meanings while adapting formal expressions to contemporary aesthetics. The study identifies three models of integration: parallel coexistence, symbolic fusion, and functional reinterpretation. Each model reflects a different depth of cultural negotiation and aesthetic synthesis.

Conclusion: Fashion design serves not only as a vessel of aesthetic innovation but also as a critical site for cultural mediation. The fusion of Chinese and Thai cultural symbols, when conducted with contextual sensitivity and creative intention, can transcend superficial exoticism to form a sustainable and respectful cultural dialogue. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how fashion can operate as a cultural interface, offering a viable path toward intercultural symbiosis in the creative industries.

Cultural Identity and Emotional Value: A Study on Consumer Perception and Market Acceptance of Chinese Traditional Cultural Elements in Jewelry Design

Tingting Ma — 2026-05-19

Background and Aim: In recent years, the incorporation of traditional Chinese cultural elements into jewelry design has gained momentum, reflecting a growing interest in cultural heritage and emotional expression. This study aims to explore how cultural identity and emotional value influence consumer perception and market acceptance of jewelry that integrates traditional Chinese cultural motifs. By examining these factors, the research seeks to provide insights into the cultural and psychological drivers behind consumer behavior in the contemporary jewelry market. Furthermore, this study delves into how cultural elements are reinterpreted in a commercial context, contributing to discussions on cultural commodification and authenticity within marketing management. In particular, it explores how traditional symbols acquire new meanings in the modern marketplace, providing a dynamic interplay between cultural heritage and contemporary market practices.

Methodology: This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with consumers and jewelry designers, and a quantitative survey targeting a broad demographic of jewelry consumers in China. The qualitative component focuses on emotional and symbolic associations with traditional cultural elements, while the quantitative analysis evaluates consumer attitudes, purchasing intentions, and perceived value. The qualitative inquiry is guided by frameworks related to symbolic interactionism and the cultural meanings of objects, which help explain how consumers attribute meaning to jewelry about their cultural identity. This methodological alignment with cultural studies principles ensures a comprehensive examination of consumer behavior in the context of culturally embedded products.

Results: Findings indicate that cultural identity plays a significant role in shaping consumer preferences, particularly among younger generations who seek meaningful and personalized jewelry. Emotional value—such as nostalgia, pride, and a sense of belonging—emerges as a key factor in consumer decision-making. Products that successfully integrate traditional aesthetics with modern design are more likely to be accepted and valued in the market. Cultural identity acts as a powerful motivator for self-expression and cultural affirmation, particularly among consumers who view jewelry not just as an accessory but as a medium through which they assert their cultural belonging. These results align with theories of identity construction and symbolic consumption, emphasizing the importance of emotional branding in consumer decisions.

Conclusion: The integration of Chinese traditional cultural elements in jewelry design enhances emotional resonance and strengthens cultural identity among consumers. Jewelry designs that align with these values through thoughtful design and storytelling are better positioned to gain market traction and long-term customer loyalty. Such designs not only serve as personal adornments but also as cultural artifacts, contributing to cultural continuity and revitalization in contemporary society. Brands that prioritize these aspects are better equipped to foster deeper consumer relationships and differentiate themselves in the competitive jewelry market.

Semiotics of Hybridity in Nanyang Art: A Visual Analysis of Chen Wen Hsi and Liu Kang’s Cross-Cultural Works (1950–1975)

Ziping Wu — 2026-05-19

Background and Aim: This study investigates the semiotic strategies underlying the cross-cultural hybridity of Nanyang art, a movement that emerged in mid-20th-century Southeast Asia, blending Chinese ink traditions, Western modernism, and local Southeast Asian motifs. The focus is on works by Chen Wen Hsi and Liu Kang from 1950 to 1975, aiming to reveal how their visual language functions not only aesthetically but also ideologically, negotiating postcolonial identity and cultural belonging.

Materials and Methods: The research adopts a semiotic analytical framework integrating Charles S. Peirce’s triadic model (icon–index–symbol) and Ferdinand de Saussure’s structuralist theory (signifier–signified). Four representative artworks—Chen’s Egrets with Banana Tree and Two Gibbons, Liu’s Tea Pickers’ Dance, and Batik Workers—were selected for in-depth visual deconstruction. The analysis also incorporates Barthes’ narrative codes and Mieke Bal’s theory of visual focalization to interpret cultural myths embedded in composition, color, and brushwork.

Results: Findings reveal a “T-shaped” semiotic system: the horizontal axis reflects formal hybridity through techniques like Cubist fragmentation and ink-wash calligraphy, while the vertical axis encodes cultural ideologies such as Daoist reclusion and anti-colonial labor narratives. Visual signs (e.g., Liu’s Fauvist red or Chen’s gibbons) recontextualize traditional motifs into a transcultural language that challenges colonial binaries and affirms diasporic identity.

Conclusion: Nanyang art’s hybridity is not merely stylistic but a dynamic semiotic negotiation of cultural meaning. By bridging Eastern, Western, and Southeast Asian traditions, Chen and Liu’s works exemplify how visual symbols serve as ideological instruments in constructing postcolonial narratives. This study contributes to semiotic art history by proposing a reproducible model for analyzing cross-cultural signification in diaspora contexts. The implications of this research extend beyond Nanyang art, offering insights into how hybridity in art serves as a critical lens for understanding postcolonial identity, cultural belonging, and the negotiation of cultural influences in other hybrid contexts.

The Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on E-Commerce Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students

Ting Guo — 2026-05-19

Background and Aims: Digital transformation creates new avenues for university students to pursue entrepreneurship in the e-commerce sector. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study examines how four dimensions of entrepreneurship education—curriculum, education quality, facilities, and opportunity recognition—influence students’ e-commerce entrepreneurial intentions in Shaanxi Province, China. Focusing on e-commerce entrepreneurial intention emphasizes the unique opportunities and challenges posed by the digital economy.

Methodology: This quantitative study surveyed 406 university students in Shaanxi Province using a validated 27-item questionnaire covering entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. The sample was purposively selected based on Yamane’s formula to ensure representativeness. The instrument underwent pilot testing, demonstrating strong internal consistency (overall Cronbach’s alpha = 0.953). Data were collected online with informed consent and analyzed using SPSS Version 27, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression to examine the predictive influence of entrepreneurship education.

Results: The 406 participants represented balanced genders and diverse academic backgrounds. Mean scores across all entrepreneurship education dimensions exceeded 4.0, and the mean entrepreneurial intention score was 4.21. Correlation and regression analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between all education dimensions and entrepreneurial intention. The regression model accounted for 70.9% of the variance in entrepreneurial intention, underscoring the strong predictive power of comprehensive entrepreneurship education.

Conclusion: Multidimensional entrepreneurship education, which includes curriculum, instructional quality, facilities, and opportunity recognition, significantly influences students’ intentions to start e-commerce ventures in Shaanxi, China. Among these factors, access to practical support resources such as incubators and mentorship programs exerted the greatest influence. These findings offer both theoretical and practical implications, highlighting the critical role of institutional resources in shaping entrepreneurial mindsets in the digital era.

Managerial Guidelines to Promote Physical Activity for Adolescents in Xinjiang Based on Social Cognitive and Self-determination Theory

Ge Rao — 2026-05-19

Background and Aim: This study aims to explore the current situation of youth physical activity and its influencing factors in Xinjiang, and construct the physical activity managerial guidelines for youth in Xinjiang based on social cognitive theory and self-determination theory.

Materials and Methods: In this study, a random sampling method was adopted to questionnaire survey the physical activity of 333 adolescents (139 boys, 194 girls, mean age = 13.40, SD=1.09) from Xinjiang, and the method of analyzing the questionnaire was a software package for data statistics, including descriptive analysis (x̄, SD), reliability test, independent t-test, and correlation analysis. Second, this study interviewed 5 experts and invited 9 focus group experts to develop the managerial guideline to promote physical activity for adolescents in Xinjiang based on social cognitive and self-determination theory by content analysis. Thirdly, 7 experts evaluate and confirm the managerial guideline to promote physical activity for adolescents in Xinjiang based on social cognitive and self-determination theory by score.

Results: In this study, there was a significant positive correlation between intrinsic motivation, exercise identity, exercise self-efficacy, family support, school interpersonal support, and physical activity. This study constructed 26 indicators to promote physical activity for adolescents in Xinjiang. Planning family-friendly sports programs, creating parent education materials, strengthening psychological training for physical education teachers, designing diverse and interesting programs, setting participation goals, and setting personalized exercise goals (6 indicators). Organizations that provide parents with psychological support tools, parent-child exercise, sports, and mental health education, sports interest groups, enhancing self-efficacy, promote easy-to-use mental training methods, and a sports partner system (7 indicators). Leading that encourages parents' sports role, teachers' positive guidance, peer mentors, story sharing and role motivation, encouraging feedback, and setting small goals (6 indicators). Controlling that regular parent feedback, record family participation, evaluate students' sports participation rate and psychological state, provide personalized support, promote self-monitoring tools, set up a multi-dimensional reward mechanism, and student mental health records (7 indicators).

Conclusion: This study constructed the managerial guideline to promote physical activity for adolescents in Xinjiang based on social cognitive and self-determination theory. The participation of adolescents in physical activity needs to start from the dimensions of individuals, families, and schools. Through management guidelines, adolescents can be guided to achieve the global recommended amount of physical activity, so as to promote the healthy development of adolescents.

The Effects of Mathematics-Based Learning Activity Provision Using Questions to Promote Logical Thinking for Young Children

Kanokon Hatsena — 2026-05-19

Background and Aims: The development of logical thinking in early childhood is crucial, as it forms the foundation for lifelong learning and effective participation in society. However, many young children today cannot reason, ask questions, or explain the causes of problems they encounter. Piaget (1977) emphasized that young children learn best through direct experiences and hands-on activities, particularly during the preoperational stage of cognitive development. In parallel, Vygotsky (1978) highlighted the importance of adult guidance through open-ended questions within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which fosters deeper thinking and learning. Bloom’s theory also supports learning through systematic thinking and continuous practice. Therefore, integrating mathematics-based learning activities with open-ended questioning provides an effective approach to enhance observation, comparison, analysis, and problem-solving skills in young children—serving as a strong foundation for high-quality learning. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of mathematics-based learning activity provision using questions to promote logical thinking for young children, both before and after the intervention.

Methodology: The target group used in this study was 28 male and female young children aged between 5 and 6 years old studying in kindergarten 3, Semester 2, Academic Year 2021, Anuban Chonburi School, Mueang Chonburi District, Chonburi Province, under Chonburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1. The tools used in the study were 24 plans on mathematics-based learning activities and questions to promote logical thinking for young children, and a logical thinking assessment form for young children. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The researcher individually assessed each child using a logical thinking assessment tool designed for early childhood learners, both prior to and following the implementation of mathematics-based learning activities that incorporated questioning strategies. The intervention was carried out over a period of eight weeks, with three activities implemented each week during the “experiential activity” sessions held on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from 9:30 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. A total of 24 learning activities were conducted throughout the study.

Results: The results of the study revealed that young children who engaged in mathematics-based learning activities using questions to promote logical thinking had higher scores than before engaging in the activities. The average scores of logical thinking were significantly higher than before the experiment in comparative, data analysis, and data retrieval aspects, respectively.

Conclusion: Based on the post-implementation observations of mathematics-based learning activities integrated with questioning strategies, it can be concluded that early childhood learners demonstrated noticeable improvement in their logical thinking skills across all three domains: (1) comparison, (2) data analysis, and (3) data retrieval aspects. Children exhibited positive behavioral changes and developed reasoning abilities independently. These findings indicate that integrating mathematics learning activities with structured questioning can effectively enhance logical reasoning in early childhood education. Observations further revealed meaningful cognitive engagement and development in children's logical thinking processes throughout the study.

Factors Influencing the Operational Success of the Lower Northeastern Region 1 Chamber of Commerce

Pramote Tantaseneewat — 2026-05-19

Background and Aims: Chambers of Commerce in each region play a crucial role in driving the national economy through business promotion and development, acting as intermediaries between the public and private sectors, and providing information and policy proposals for local economic development in line with the local context. This research aimed to (1) study the level of success of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1, (2) study the factors affecting the success of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1, and (3) identify ways to improve the success of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1.

Methodology: A quantitative and qualitative approach was used. The sample consisted of 400 members of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1. The target group for interviews was 20 members of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1. The research instruments used were questionnaires and interview forms. Statistics used included means and standard deviations, multiple linear regression analysis, and content analysis.

Results: (1) The overall level of success of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1 was found to be high, (2) Factors affecting the success of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1 included committee participation. In terms of image and reputation building, network building, it can explain the success of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1 (Y) at 71.70 percent. The regression equation in raw score form is Y = 2.571 + 0.137 (Y₁) + 0.115 (Y₃) + 0.115 (Y₇) and the regression equation in standard score form is Z = 0.330 (Z₁) + 0.239 (Z₃) + 0.231 (Z₇), (3) Guidelines for developing the success of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1 Promoting the success of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1 includes, (3.1) Board participation through roles in planning, decision-making and participatory practice to strengthen organizational ownership, (3.2) Resource management, emphasizing efficient, transparent and flexible resource use, along with continuous personnel development and assessment, (3.3) Image and reputation building through public relations activities and community participation to build confidence and business opportunities, (3.4) Leadership that can set direction and communicate vision. and effective team management, (3.5) government support in terms of budget, policy, and member capacity building, (3.6) policies that are aligned with the region to promote the local economy and enhance entrepreneurial capabilities, And (3.7) establishing collaborative networks with government, private, and civil society organizations both domestically and internationally to exchange resources and expand sustainable business opportunities.

Conclusion: The overall success level of the Lower Northeastern Chamber of Commerce 1 was high. Key factors contributing to success included board participation, image and reputation building, and networking, which accounted for 71.70% of the success. Regression equations were constructed using both raw and standardized scores. Furthermore, seven key development approaches were proposed: board participation, resource management, organizational image, leadership, government support, policies that are aligned with the region, and networking to strengthen and sustain chamber operations in the region.

Effectiveness of a Mental Resilience Enhancement Intervention in Sport Teams

Natthapot Saravitee — 2026-05-19

Background and aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a resilience enhancement program for female football athletes at Burapha University, utilizing the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) framework. The program was designed to promote psychological resilience, self-awareness, acceptance of thoughts and emotions, and stress management skills.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental research design (One Group Pretest-Posttest Design) was employed. The sample consisted of 16 female football athletes selected based on specific criteria. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28), adapted for the sports team context, was used to assess resilience levels before and after the intervention. The program included seven activities based on ACT principles, such as Defusion, Body Awareness, Acceptance, and Mindfulness.

Results: The findings indicated a significant increase in the athletes’ resilience levels after participation in the program, suggesting that the ACT-based intervention effectively enhanced psychological resilience and stress adaptability.

Conclusion: The ACT-based resilience enhancement program demonstrated effectiveness in strengthening athletes' ability to cope with stress and competitive pressure. These results support the use of ACT as a valuable approach in athletic psychological training and have implications for broader applications in enhancing resilience in various sports contexts.

Hakka Dwelling Modeling Aesthetics and Sustainable Maintenance Strategies

Min Liao — 2026-05-19

Background and Aims: Hakka dwellings constitute a distinctive vernacular system that blends regional aesthetics, ecological wisdom, and encoded cultural symbolism. Yet rapid urbanization and the attrition of traditional craftsmanship have intensified risks of neglect and degradation. This study examines the modeling aesthetics, the principal maintenance bottlenecks, and the promotion pathways of Hakka dwellings to support their sustainable inheritance and revitalization.

Methodology: Adopting an interdisciplinary design, the research triangulates literature review, coded content analysis, and conceptual modeling, supplemented by qualitative coding and cross-case comparison. The analysis is organized with lenses from architectural theory, ecological ethics, and cultural communication to interrogate aesthetic features, conservation strategies, and dissemination mechanisms.

Results: Three conclusions are reached: (1) the modeling language of Hakka residences features formal symmetry, enclosure, and ecological adaptability, accompanied by symbolic motifs grounded in Confucian and Daoist thought; (2) upkeep is constrained by material decay, skill loss, and economic pressure, while feasible responses include digital documentation and monitoring, adaptive reuse, and community-based models; (3) cultural promotion proves most effective when tourism networks, digital/immersive media, public art, and international outreach are integrated to broaden engagement and strengthen heritage vitality.

Conclusion: A practical “protection–activation–innovation” framework is proposed to connect aesthetic preservation with technological tools and cultural re-contextualization. The framework offers actionable guidance for sustainable conservation and points to future work in digital heritage modeling, community participation, and creative-industry collaboration to secure the long-term viability of Hakka cultural identity.

Research on the Theoretical Construction of Female Characters in Chinese National Opera from an Academic Perspective

Huixia Yang — 2026-05-19

Background and Aim: Chinese national opera is an important carrier of Chinese culture, reflecting the nation’s pursuit of innovation while maintaining tradition. Among its artistic elements, female characters have played a crucial role, shaping aesthetic values and cultural narratives over time. This study aims to explore the development, artistic image, and reasons for change in typical female characters in Chinese national opera from an academic perspective.

Materials and Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach. A purposive sample of 58 opera performers, directors, and educators was selected to complete a structured questionnaire. Representative operas were chosen for case analysis. Data were collected through literature review, historical research, surveys, and performance analysis. The questionnaire was reviewed by experts and demonstrated good reliability (α = 0.86).

Results: The findings identify three key peaks in the development of female characters in Chinese national opera: 1920–1957, 1957–1966, and post-1976. During these periods, the artistic images of female characters were enriched, evolving from oppressed and resistant figures to more diverse, emotionally rich, and noble portrayals. These shifts are closely linked to historical events, social changes, and innovations in music composition and stage performance.

Conclusion: The ongoing transformation of female roles in Chinese national opera underscores their centrality to preserving and promoting traditional culture. Their shaping reflects the dynamic interplay between historical context and artistic innovation. Strengthening research on these roles is of great value for enriching opera theory, enhancing cultural confidence, and inspiring future operatic creations that resonate with contemporary audiences.

Transmission and Flourishing of Qing Reverse Glass Painting

Baoxin Zhao — 2026-05-19

Background and Aim: Reverse Glass Painting of the Qing Dynasty was highly popular, not only within the imperial court but also among Western collectors. With influences such as Matteo Ricci’s introduction of Western glass products and the Qianlong Emperor’s admiration of this art form, Reverse Glass Painting became a significant carrier of Chinese-Western artistic exchange. This study aims to explore the reasons for its evolution from court-based artworks to export goods, the complexity of its craftsmanship, and the factors behind its popularity in Western markets.

Methodology: This research adopted a qualitative methodology combining documentary research with field observations in museums. Relevant literature on Qing Dynasty glass production, art history, and intercultural trade was analyzed alongside observations of preserved artefacts, to establish a conceptual framework explaining the heritage, technological difficulty, and cross-cultural transmission of Reverse Glass Painting.

Results: Findings indicate that Reverse Glass Painting of the Qing Dynasty evolved through the fusion of Chinese and Western painting techniques, responding to the aesthetic preferences of both Chinese imperial patrons and Western aristocratic consumers. The complex, labor-intensive processes, such as reverse application of colors and detailed outline work, contributed to its status as a luxury product. Its vivid depiction of Chinese social life satisfied Western curiosity about the East and stimulated market demand.

Conclusion: Reverse Glass Painting during the Qing Dynasty became a cultural bridge between China and the West, enhancing mutual understanding and artistic exchange. Despite its complex and time-consuming techniques, it thrived in both domestic and export markets due to its unique blend of artistic styles and decorative appeal. The study highlights the importance of preserving this cultural heritage and encouraging further research into its artistic, historical, and technological values.

The Study on the Professional Identity of Undergraduate Students Majoring in Elementary Education at Yunnan Normal University

Yunfang Li — 2026-05-19

Background and Aims: This study explores the professional identity of undergraduate students majoring in Elementary Education at Yunnan Normal University, in response to China’s educational reforms and the growing need for qualified rural teachers.

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was used, collecting 290 valid questionnaires and conducting 12 semi-structured interviews, guided by Beijaard’s identity model (cognition, emotion, behavior) and theories from Bandura and Erikson.

Results: Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, correlation, and regression, revealed that students demonstrated a moderately high level of professional identity. Emotional identity scored the highest, followed by cognitive and behavioral dimensions. Female students and those with higher self-rated academic performance scored significantly better in emotional and cognitive dimensions. Senior students showed stronger behavioral identity, likely influenced by practicum experience. Regression results indicated emotional identity as the strongest predictor of overall professional identity. Thematic analysis of interviews supported these findings, highlighting students’ emotional commitment, cognitive understanding of the profession, and behavioral challenges during internships. Practicum and mentorship were identified as pivotal to identity development.

Conclusion: While emotional and cognitive engagement with the teaching profession is strong, behavioral readiness needs improvement through structured practicum, early field experience, and emotional development programs. The study provides both theoretical insights and practical recommendations for enhancing teacher education, especially in underserved regions of China.

Revitalizing Yi Clothing Culture: A Review of Participatory Design and Cultural Sustainability in Wuding County, China

Yi Shi — 2026-05-20

Background and Aims: China, as a multi-ethnic nation, attaches great significance to preserving cultural traditions across its 56 ethnic groups. Yi clothing, a crucial cultural symbol of the Yi people, carries historical memory and cultural identity through its craftsmanship and symbolic patterns. However, modernization and commercialization have created a survival crisis for Yi clothing, particularly in Wuding County, where traditional practices face threats of extinction. The study aims to examine the challenges facing Yi clothing culture in Wuding County and to propose a participatory, community-driven approach that supports cultural sustainability. It seeks to explore how participatory design can empower local communities and create a balance between cultural heritage preservation and economic development.

Methodology: This research is framed within Sustainable Heritage Theory and employs a case study approach. It synthesizes existing literature on Yi clothing culture, symbolism, and historical evolution while analyzing how participatory design (PD) and community involvement can be integrated into cultural revival models.

Results: Findings highlight the contradictions in the industrialized production of Yi clothing, where commercialization detaches cultural symbols from their context and reduces craftsmanship to factory assembly lines. The review underscores the value of participatory design in reconnecting cultural practices with their communities. Comparative case studies from China and other countries demonstrate that community empowerment can effectively sustain cultural traditions while creating economic opportunities.

Conclusion: The study concludes that revitalizing Yi clothing culture requires a sustainable "economy–culture–subject" model that integrates cultural authenticity with economic development. Participatory design enables community ownership, strengthens cultural identity, and fosters intergenerational transmission of heritage. Although limited by its reliance on secondary literature, the research emphasizes the need for future fieldwork to directly engage with the Yi community for empirical validation.

Modeling Motivation Strategies for Enhancing Employee Management and Training Effectiveness in Guangxi Metal Processing Enterprises: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Wejie Yin — 2026-05-20

Background and Aims: Guangxi’s metal processing sector is key to its economic shift but faces workforce challenges in adapting to Industry 4.0, particularly in digital readiness, motivation, and training. Guided by an integrated framework drawing on TAM, SDT, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, and the TOE perspective, this study examines how culture, ICT competence, policy support, and motivation relate to employee management and training.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey of 411 employees was collected via convenience sampling; content validity was established by three experts with an index of item objective congruence of 0.81, a pilot with 30 participants was conducted, and reliability was high with Cronbach’s alpha above 0.90. SEM and CFA were used to analyze key variable relationships.

Results: All four predictors—cultural dimensions, ICT competence, policy support, and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation—were positive and significant for employee management and training effectiveness (p < 0.001). Motivation showed the largest standardized effect (β = 0.234), followed by culture (β = 0.226), policy support (β = 0.221), and ICT competence (β = 0.220). Model fit was excellent, with CFI and TLI equal to 1.000 and RMSEA equal to 0.002, values that indicate near-perfect comparative fit and a close approximate fit, and the model explained 62.6% of the variance (R² = 0.626).

Conclusion: Motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, has the strongest effect on employee management and training effectiveness. Together with culture, ICT competence, and policy support, it constitutes a core set of levers for workforce development. Prioritizing motivation-centered practices alongside cultural alignment, clear policy signals, and role-relevant ICT skills supports sustained digital transformation in the metal processing sector.

Hmong Fabric: Development and Identity of Hmong Ethnic Group, A Case Study of Pongyang Sub-district, Maerim District, Chiang Mai Province

Jingjing Gao — 2026-05-20

Background and Aims: Hmong fabrics are a form of cultural heritage that reflects the identity of the Hmong ethnic group in terms of culture, belief, lifestyle, and history. In Pong Yaeng Subdistrict, Mae Rim District, Chiang Mai Province, these textiles remain vital to the community. This study aims to (1) examine the development of Hmong fabric in this area and (2) analyze Hmong identity through the lens of fabric practices.

Methodology: This qualitative study collected data through observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with 40 purposively and accidentally selected informants. We analyzed data using descriptive analytical methods.

Results: (1) Hmong fabric in Pong Yaeng has undergone continuous development between 1987 and 2024 in terms of materials, techniques, patterns, usage, and transmission. For instance, there has been a shift from locally woven hemp fabric to factory-produced materials, and embroidery designs and color schemes have been adapted to meet market demands. (2) serves as a crucial medium for constructing, expressing, and negotiating the Hmong ethnic identity across various dimensions, including cultural, historical, ethnic, social, economic, gender, aesthetic, and spiritual. The fabric acts as a central symbol that bridges the past with the present and reflects the dynamic nature of identity in contemporary settings.

Conclusion: Hmong fabrics in Pong Yaeng are living cultural objects that reflect the community’s adaptation to changing contexts while maintaining core values and generating new identity meanings.

A Multiple Regression Analysis of Policy Factors and Foreign Investment Influencing the Behavior of Stakeholders in Thailand's Real Estate Sector

Supaporn Siriphueng — 2026-05-20

Background and Aims: This research is quantitative research with the following objectives: 1. To study the effects of government policy factors on the behavior of stakeholders in the Thai real estate business. 2. To analyze the multiple regression between policy factors and foreign investment and the behavior of stakeholders in the real estate business. The research population is economic data and business operations of the real estate sector in Thailand between 2020 and 2024, covering variables related to government policies, foreign investment, and the performance of the real estate business, namely

Methodology: a, sample of 400 people, consisting of stakeholders in the real estate business, including real estate company executives, investors, and employees in the real estate sector. The structured sampling method, or purposive sampling, was used to prepare for the multiple regression analysis. The completeness and consistency of the data set were checked before analysis. The analysis was performed using ready-made statistical programs.

Results: Government policy factors, such as transfer and mortgage fee reduction measures, relaxation of credit criteria such as Loan-to-Value (LTV) measures, real estate-related tax policies, and government housing support programs, have a statistically significant positive influence on the behavior of real estate business stakeholders (P-value < 0.01). The regression model shows that when the government policy variable increases by one unit, the behavior of stakeholders, such as investment decisions, real estate trading, or project development, tends to increase accordingly. The regression equation obtained from the analysis is: Y = 1.102 + 0.744 (X₁), indicating that government policy factors (X₁) play an important role in stimulating the behavior of real estate business stakeholders, such as investors, entrepreneurs, consumers, and other supporting agencies. The results of this research reflect that clear and effective government policies can be a mechanism to drive the Thai real estate market to grow steadily and stimulate decision-making of stakeholders in line with economic trends and opportunities, which is consistent with Objective 1. From objective 2, the results of the multiple regression analysis between government policy factors and foreign investment, and the behavior of stakeholders in the Thai real estate business, found that both variables had a positive influence on the behavior of stakeholders at a statistically significant level of 0.01. The model can explain the variance of behavior by 74.2 percent (R² = 0.742), indicating the ability of the independent variables to predict the behavior of the target group effectively. The variable foreign investment (X₂) has the highest coefficient (B = 0.671), followed by government policy factors (X₁) (B = 0.551). The regression equation obtained from the analysis is: Y = 0.891 + 0.551(X₁) + 0.671(X₂). It shows that when both factors increase by one unit, the behavior of stakeholders in the real estate business tends to increase significantly as well.

Conclusion: The research results indicate that government policy formulation related to the real estate sector plays an important role in effectively promoting and stimulating decision-making of entrepreneurs, investors, and consumers in the Thai real estate market.

The Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Dance in Shaanxi Province

Xinyue Zhang — 2026-05-20

Background and Aims: Shaanxi Province, a cradle of Chinese civilization, is rich in dance-related intangible cultural heritage, such as the Ansai Waist Drum and Northern Shaanxi Yangge. These traditional dances reflect local history and culture but face serious challenges under modernization and globalization, including declining interest among youth and weakened cultural ecosystems. This study aims to examine these challenges and explore effective protection strategies.

Methodology: Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combined literature review, field investigations, and case analysis. Fieldwork focused on representative dances to assess their current transmission and challenges, while analysis of successful domestic and international cases provided references for potential strategies.

Results: Findings show that despite some progress, problems remain, including a lack of inheritors, insufficient funding, and weakened cultural recognition. Addressing these requires clearer policies, enhanced education, and new forms of cultural promotion to sustain Shaanxi’s dance heritage.

Conclusion: Protecting Shaanxi’s dance intangible cultural heritage demands integrated strategies, involving policy support, education, community participation, and modern technology. Strengthening talent cultivation, investing in protection, and raising public awareness will help ensure this heritage continues to thrive for future generations.

Model for Developing Moral and Ethical Characteristics of Students of Khu Mueang Subdistrict Municipality's Senior College, Mueang Suang District, Roi Et Province

Pariyatworamathee Phrakhru — 2026-05-20

Background and Aims: Developing students' moral and ethical qualities is crucial because it helps create a skilled and capable workforce, combining knowledge, honesty, and social responsibility. Morality instills discipline in students, respects the rights of others, and enables them to make sound and appropriate decisions for peaceful coexistence. When knowledge is combined with morality, students are able to utilize their potential for the benefit of the public and for the sustainable development of society. The paper aims to (1) examine the level of moral and ethical characteristics. (2) Investigate the factors influencing the development of moral and ethical characteristics. (3) Develop and evaluate a model for enhancing the moral and ethical characteristics of elderly learners at the Elderly College, Khumuang Subdistrict Municipality, Mueang Suang District, Roi Et Province.

Methodology: The population and sample consisted of 202 students from the Elderly College, Khumuang Subdistrict Municipality, Mueang Suang District, Roi Et Province. The key informants were 12 experts and specialists for the evaluation. The research instruments included a questionnaire and an interview form. Quantitative data were analyzed using statistics such as the mean, standard deviation, and multiple linear regression analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using the content analysis technique in conjunction with contextual analysis.

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1. The overall opinions regarding the factors influencing the development of moral and ethical characteristics of the Elderly College students were rated at a high level in all aspects. 2. The analysis of factors affecting the development of moral and ethical characteristics showed that the regression coefficients of the raw scores (b) and standardized scores (β), based on the significance test of the regression coefficients, indicated that seven predictor variables significantly predicted the moral and ethical characteristics of the Elderly College students, Khumuang Subdistrict Municipality, at the .01 level of statistical significance. 3. The model for developing moral and ethical characteristics of the Elderly College students was categorized into two characteristics: (1) Internal personal characteristics, (2) Characteristics expressed toward others. 4. The evaluation results of the developed model indicated that the model for developing moral and ethical characteristics of the Elderly College students, Khumuang Subdistrict Municipality, Mueang Suang District, Roi Et Province, obtained from this research, was deemed highly appropriate for practical application.

Conclusion: From the study on factors influencing the development of moral and ethical characteristics among students of the Elderly College, Khumuang Subdistrict Municipality, Mueang Suang District, Roi Et Province, it was found that, overall, elderly students perceived the influencing factors to have a high impact on the development of morality and ethics. Furthermore, the analysis identified seven significant predictor variables that could statistically forecast the level of moral and ethical characteristics of the students. The development model for these characteristics can be categorized into two main dimensions: internal personal characteristics and characteristics expressed toward others. Importantly, the evaluation results indicated that the development model derived from this research is highly appropriate for practical application in promoting morality and ethics among elderly students within the context of Khumuang Subdistrict Municipality.

The Effect of Thai Dance Learning Activity by Using Davies’ Instructional Model to Develop Thai Dance Practice Skills of Grade 5 Students

Phakathip Paethong — 2026-05-20

Background and Aims: This study aimed to study the results of organizing dance learning activities by using Davies' practical skills teaching model to develop dance practical skills of grade 5 students. The objectives were to study dance practical skills regarding the standard circle dance of grade 5 students by using Davies' practical skills teaching model, to compare it with the 70% criterion, and to study students' satisfaction with organizing learning activities by using Davies' practical skills teaching model.

Methodology: This research is quasi-experimental. The researcher experimented according to the One-Group Posttest-Only Design research plan. The sample group used in this research was 30 Prathom 5/1 students, who were selected by cluster random sampling. The research instruments were the dance subject learning activity plan, the dance performance skill assessment form, and the satisfaction questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis were descriptive statistics, including mean, percentage, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were the t-test.

Statistics Results: The study found that 5th-grade primary school students scored an average of 11.87 points in their standard circle dance performance after using Davies' teaching model, which is 79.11 percent and much higher than the 70 percent benchmark at the .05 level. The satisfaction of the students after learning according to the learning activity plan was at a high level (\bar{x} = 4.14, SD=0.65)

Conclusion: The results of the study of the performance skills in performing arts regarding standard circle dance of the 5th-grade primary school students after using the teaching model of practical skills of Davies were significantly higher than the criteria of 70% at the statistical level of .05, and the students' satisfaction was at a high level.

Development of Integrated Soft Power Learning Units in Basic Science for Career Course: A Case Study of Chiang Mai College of Agriculture and Technology

Karaged Junhom — 2026-05-21

Background and Aims: The National Economic and Social Development Plan outlines the direction for advancing the country toward sustainability through innovation, science, and technology. The subject Basic Science for Career Education plays a crucial role in promoting analytical thinking skills and the application of knowledge to real-life situations. The Thai government has promoted the development of Soft Power in five dimensions (5F) as a means to enhance the economy and the nation’s image. Integrating this concept into teaching and learning, therefore, serves as a key strategy in learner development. San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai Province, is a culturally rich area with diverse wisdom and cultural capital that can be connected to all five dimensions of Soft Power (5F), making it a potential model area for developing learning units that integrate local wisdom with science. This independent study aims to: Design and develop learning units integrating Soft Power in the subject Basic Science for Career Education at Chiang Mai College of Agriculture and Technology. Evaluate the quality of the developed learning units integrating Soft Power in the subject Basic Science for Career Education at Chiang Mai College of Agriculture and Technology.

Methodology: The study entitled Development of Integrated Soft Power Learning Units in Basic Science for Career Course: A Case Study of Chiang Mai College of Agriculture and Technology was conducted in two phases according to the research objectives. Phase 1 aimed to develop learning units that integrate Soft Power into the Basic Occupational Science subject at Chiang Mai College of Agriculture and Technology. This phase was divided into two main steps: Step 1 involved studying the five dimensions of Soft Power (5F) in San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai Province. Data were collected using structured interviews with 25 local experts and folk wisdom teachers—five individuals for each of the five dimensions based on their areas of expertise. Step 2 focused on constructing the integrated learning units. This was done through Focus Group Discussions involving seven participants: one school administrator, one curriculum and instruction expert, one science teacher, one educational supervisor, one teacher responsible for curriculum management, one teacher responsible for assessment and evaluation, and one community development officer from San Pa Tong District. Phase 2 aimed to evaluate the quality of the Soft Power-integrated learning units in the Basic Science for Career Course. The tool used for evaluation was a quality assessment form for the learning units, covering three main aspects: accuracy, appropriateness, and feasibility. The evaluation was conducted by five experts, divided into four groups: one school administrator, one science teacher, one educational supervisor, and two curriculum and instruction specialists. The statistical methods used for data analysis were mean, percentage, and standard deviation.

Results: The Soft Power-Integrated Learning Units in Basic Science for Career Course: A Case Study of Chiang Mai College of Agriculture and Technology consist of five units, each aligned with one of the five dimensions of Soft Power. These units were carefully designed to integrate fundamental scientific knowledge with local Soft Power contexts. The five units are: Unit 1: Food – “The Famous Larb Kway of San Pa Tong” Unit 2: Film – “Kad Ngua the Local Marketplace” Unit 3: Fashion – “San Pa Tong Lacquerware Handicrafts” Unit 4: Fighting – “Sword Dance: Traditional Thai Martial Art of San Pa Tong” Unit 5: Festival – “Loi Khomot: The Traditional Mon Community Festival” Each learning unit comprises six components: Unit Title Core Content Unit Competency Learning Objectives Learning Activities Assessment and Evaluation The quality assessment of the five learning units was conducted based on three criteria: accuracy, appropriateness, and feasibility. Each unit was evaluated in all six components. The results of the expert evaluation showed that all five units were rated at the highest quality level in every aspect. The average scores were as follows: Appropriateness: 4.65 (S.D. = 0.03), Accuracy: 4.59 (S.D. = 0.03), Feasibility: 4.52 (S.D. = 0.07). These results indicate that the developed Soft Power-integrated learning units are complete and ready to be implemented in the teaching and learning of the Basic Occupational Science subject.

Conclusion: The Soft Power-Integrated Learning Units in Basic Science for Career Course at Chiang Mai College of Agriculture and Technology were developed by linking scientific knowledge with local cultural capital. These consist of five learning units, each representing one of the five dimensions of Soft Power: Unit 1: Food – “The Famous Larb Kway of San Pa Tong” Unit 2: Film – “Kad Ngua the Local Marketplace” Unit 3: Fashion – “San Pa Tong Lacquerware Handicrafts” Unit 4: Fighting – “Sword Dance: Traditional Thai Martial Art of San Pa Tong” Unit 5: Festival – “Loi Khomot: The Traditional Mon Community Festival” Each unit contains clearly defined components: unit title, core content, competencies, learning objectives, learning activities, and assessment methods. According to expert evaluations, the learning units were found to be comprehensive, appropriate, and effectively applicable in practice. They promote scientific skills alongside the sustainable preservation of local culture at the vocational education level.

The Influence of Mindful Leadership Perception and Employee Awareness on Proactive Work Behavior: Based on Affective Events Theory

Juanjuan Zhao — 2026-05-21

Background and Aims: In the fast-paced and high-pressure landscape of entrepreneurship, employee proactivity is essential for innovation and resilience. Traditional leadership approaches often fail to foster sustainable engagement. Guided by Affective Events Theory, this study explores how employees’ perception of conscious leadership influences proactive work behavior, focusing on the mediating roles of self-awareness, team mindfulness perception, and organizational commitment.

Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional design was adopted. Data were collected from 420 employees in technology-based entrepreneurial firms in China using validated instruments. Reliability values for all constructs exceeded 0.84. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, with bootstrapped mediation testing.

Results: Conscious leadership perception positively predicted self-awareness, team mindfulness perception, and both affective and continuance commitment. These factors, in turn, significantly influenced proactive work behavior. Mediation analysis confirmed that awareness and commitment jointly mediated the leadership–behavior relationship, with affective commitment emerging as a stronger predictor.

Conclusion: This study extends Affective Events Theory by demonstrating how conscious leadership, as an emotionally salient workplace event, fosters awareness and commitment, thereby enhancing proactive work behavior. Practical implications include leadership development programs that emphasize mindfulness and strategies for building employee awareness and affective commitment to sustain innovation and adaptability.

Influencing Factors of Kindergarten Teachers’ Professional Identity

Guohui Zhang — 2026-05-21

Background and Aims: Professional identity plays a vital role in shaping kindergarten teachers’ motivation, job performance, and career sustainability, yet the influencing factors remain underexplored. This study aimed to explore these influencing factors and offer practical recommendations to strengthen professional identity.

Methodology: This study employed a qualitative approach to interview 12 kindergarten teachers about their professional identity and analyzed the data using the three-stage coding method (3C coding).

Results: The research identified five key factors influencing professional identity among kindergarten teachers: Self-perception, Professional competence, Job satisfaction, Professional Value, and Future perspective.

Conclusion: These research outcomes can serve as a foundation for developing approaches to strengthen kindergarten teachers’ professional identity, thereby contributing to the enhancement of existing professional identity frameworks and providing guidance for kindergartens operating in similar contexts.

Developing Training Program on Psychological Mindfulness to Improve Artistic Swimmers' Performance in Guangdong Province

Qian Luo — 2026-05-21

Background and Aim: In recent years, there has been a growing acknowledgment of the critical role that psychological skills play in athletic performance, particularly in high-pressure sports like artistic swimming. Mental training is often treated as an isolated or secondary component of training, rather than being integrated into the athletes' regular physical and technical preparation. Therefore, this research aims to develop a mindfulness training program on psychological mindfulness to improve artistic swimmers' performance in Guangdong province.

Methodology: 16 athletes from the Guangdong Provincial artistic swimming Team were selected through strict criteria. Through a systematic sampling method, 16 athletes were divided into 2 groups. 8 athletes in the experimental group were trained with the developed mindfulness training program, while 8 athletes in the control group were trained with a traditional training program. The training was conducted for 12 weeks with structured sessions three times per week. The artistic swimming performance test was conducted before training, after 6 weeks of training, and after 12 weeks of training. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc, and independent t-tests to assess group differences over time.

Results: The results showed that artistic swimming performance in the experimental group had a significant difference at 0.05 between pretest-mid-test, pretest-posttest, and mid-test-posttest. In addition, the comparison between the experimental and control groups with the post-test results of the artistic swimming performance showed a significant difference at 0.05

Conclusion: The developed mindfulness training program effectively improves the artistic swimming performance of artistic swimming athletes.

The Singing of Ancient Chinese Poetry in the Modern Context

Ning Xu — 2026-05-21

Background and Aims: The singing of ancient Chinese poetry represents a unique intersection of literature, music, and cultural heritage. In the context of modernization and cultural globalization, this study explores how the performance of ancient poetry songs evolves across different historical stages. The research aims to analyze how socio-cultural environments shape vocal styles, examine differences in singing techniques, and assess the balance between tradition and innovation. This study aims to (1) trace the historical development of the singing art of ancient Chinese poetry from the Tang and Song dynasties to the present; (2) compare the vocal techniques and expressive styles used in traditional and modern interpretations; and (3) explore the cultural value, aesthetic evolution, and contemporary challenges of this art form in the modern context.

Methodology: Employing a mixed-method approach, the research includes score analysis, acoustic measurement of 15 representative singers using Sonic Visualiser, and surveys of 500 participants from various backgrounds. It also integrates qualitative methods, such as in-depth interviews with 40 practitioners and four months of field observation across six cultural institutions. Textbook coding, bibliometric mapping, and cluster analysis were used to evaluate pedagogical trends and style typologies.

Results: The findings reveal that traditional and modern singing practices share a foundation in "singing according to words" and emotional expressiveness, yet differ significantly in musical techniques, aesthetic orientation, and audience perception. Modern interpretations integrate bel canto, pop, and multimedia elements, while traditional styles emphasize poetic subtlety and tonal integrity. Public preference varies across generations, with younger audiences favoring innovation and cross-media formats. Ancient poetry singing has evolved through four major periods—Tang-Song literati chanting, Republican-era reform, post-1949 standardization, and 21st-century hybridization. While traditional modes value elegant restraint and Chinese instrumental accompaniment, modern styles prioritize individuality, dramatic contrast, and internationalization. Challenges remain in cultural transmission, audience engagement, and reconciling traditional charm with modern aesthetics.

Conclusion: The art of singing ancient Chinese poetry embodies a living cultural memory, combining historical depth with artistic innovation. Its survival and revitalization require interdisciplinary support, educational reform, and technological adaptation. A culturally responsive and scientifically informed approach can promote sustainable development and global appreciation of this intangible heritage.

Development of a Participatory Management Model for the Student Care and Support System to Prevent Student Dropout in Schools under Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Apichai Senayotee — 2026-05-21

Background and Aims: The issue of students dropping out of the education system is a critical problem in Thailand, particularly in the primary education sector. This stage is fundamental for developing essential learning and life skills. However, it has been found that certain groups of students have left the education system due to a variety of causes and contributing factors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an appropriate model to address and resolve the problem of student dropouts from the education system. This research aims to: 1. Study the current conditions and approaches to participatory student support system management to prevent dropouts in schools under the Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, Develop a participatory management model for the student support system to prevent dropouts in these schools, 3. Study the effects of implementing the proposed model and 4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the model in schools under the Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: The research was divided into four phases: Phase 1: Study the current conditions and approaches to participatory student support system management to prevent school dropouts. Data were collected from two groups of key informants (9 participants each) and through site visits to three best-practice schools. A semi-structured interview form was used as the research instrument. Phase 2: Developed a participatory management model for the student support system. Nine experts participated in a focus group discussion to draft the model, and another group of nine experts evaluated the draft through an expert-based seminar. Phase 3: Implemented the model in eight pilot schools to examine its effects. Phase 4: Evaluated the model’s appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness by seven experts.

Results: The causes of student dropout from the school system were identified in seven key areas: (1) family and economic problems, (2) academic difficulties and poor performance, (3) social and behavioral issues, (4) external environmental factors, (5) health conditions and disabilities, (6) early marriage or family responsibilities, and (7) legal problems and lack of access to educational welfare. The proposed guidelines for managing the student support system include: (1) stakeholder participation, (2) collection and use of individual student data, (3) development of school-specific innovations and systems, (4) holistic student care, (5) use of information technology, and (6) dropout prevention strategies. The developed model consists of: (1) model principles, (2) model objectives, and (3) implementation process based on the PDCA (Plan–Do–Check–Act) cycle and participatory processes.
The evaluation results indicated that the model's appropriateness and feasibility were rated at the highest level on average. The implementation results showed that the model was contextually appropriate, clearly structured, systematically organized, easily applicable, and effective in addressing and preventing student dropouts. It also served as a practical framework for school development aligned with community needs.

Conclusion: The model is appropriate and well-aligned with the school context, supporting systematic implementation and effectively preventing student dropouts. It promotes participation from all stakeholders and can be further developed as a responsive approach to community needs. The implementation manual is comprehensive, suitable for training purposes, and should receive additional support from relevant authorities—such as funding and tools—to assist vulnerable student groups. The participatory student support management model developed in this study can serve as a practical mechanism to support the implementation of the Zero Dropout policy. It emphasizes systemic problem-solving, stakeholder collaboration, data-driven decision-making, and continuous development tailored to the specific contexts of schools and communities.

Development of Badminton Multiball Feeding Skill Tests and Norms for Student Teachers, Major in Physical Education

Guiming Yang — 2026-05-21

Background and Aim: Most badminton coaches use multiball feeding to train skills, movement, and physical fitness. The coach training and student teacher learning incorporated feeding skills into the program training and lesson plan; however, there were few tests to measure and evaluate these skills. The one we could find was “the research on badminton coaches’ skill test”, which tested on hand feeding, racket feeding, and rally feeding, but did not cover every skill to train players and students in badminton. So, the objective of this study was to develop a badminton feeding skills test and norm to evaluate the ability of student teachers to feed multiball for practicing badminton stroke productions to the students.

Materials and Methods: This research was a research and development project that operated with a mixed-method process. The sample was students and experts in colleges and universities in Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. There were 5 experts on interviewing, 3, 9 students for a small group tryout, 30 students for a large group tryout, and 120 male and female students were tested to collect data to form the norm of the test.

Results: 1) badminton multiball feeding test consisted 14 test which were 5 hand feedings test, 6 racket feeding test, and 3 rally feeding tests, 2) The quality of tests was: validity = 1.00, reliability = 0.87 (0.84-0.97), difficulty 0.60 (0.47-0.77), discrimination 0.60 (0.47- 0.77), and objectivity 1.00, 3) Norm based on T-Score were: Hand feeding:61 and above = Very good, 51-60 = Good, 41-50 Moderate, 31- 40 = Poor, 30 and below = Very poor, Racket feeding: 65 and above = Very good, 55-64 = Good, 45-54 Moderate, 35-44 = Poor, 34 and below = Very poor, Rally feeding: 58 and above = Very good, 48-57 = Good, 38-47= Moderate, 28-37 = Poor, 27 and below = Very poor, Total Score: 68 and above = Very good, 58-67 = Good, 48-57= Moderate, 38-47 = Poor, 37 and below = Very poor. 4) Norm based on raw score were: Hand feeding: 41 and above = Very good, 36-40 = Good, 31-35 Moderate, 26-30 = Poor, 25 and below = Very poor, Racket feeding: 35 and above = Very good, 31-34-64 = Good, 27-30 Moderate, 23-26 = Poor, 22 and below = Very poor, Rally feeding: 21 and above = Very good, 18-20 = Good, 15-17 = Moderate,12-14 = Poor, 13 and below = Very poor, Total Score: 93 and above = Very good, 81-92 = Good, 69-80 = Moderate, 57- 68 = Poor, 56 and below = Very poor.

Conclusion: Badminton multiball feeding skills test could be used to evaluate the skill of feeding to gain more experience in badminton stroke production and movement for student teachers. And it could apply to evaluate teachers and coaches by adjusted norms of the test.

Key Success Elements of Chinese Xianxia Series on Thai Streaming Platforms: A Qualitative Analysis (2022–2023)

Xinghuan Liu — 2026-05-22

Background and Aims: This research explores the reasons why Chinese Xianxia series have become so popular on Thai streaming platforms. While previous research has primarily examined the acceptance of Chinese films and series in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia, there has been no in-depth research on Thailand, leaving a significant research gap. The aims are twofold: (1) to analyze the characteristics of successful Chinese Xianxia series on Thai streaming platforms, (2) to identify the elements that contribute to their popularity among Thai viewers.

Methodology: This research adopts a qualitative approach using content analysis and in-depth interviews (n = 4). The content analysis focuses on four Chinese Xianxia series released between 2022 and 2023, examining their plot, character development, visual effects, casting, and the integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements. In addition, we conducted in-depth interviews; the sample comprised four Thai viewers who serve as administrators of fan club groups with over 900,000 members. They were selected for their deep knowledge, long-term engagement, and active participation in fan culture. All of them have watched the four selected Xianxia series, focusing on understanding the reasons behind the popularity of Xianxia series in Thailand. Data were analyzed thematically to link content analysis with viewers' interpretations.

Results: Analysis shows that rich eastern fantasy stories, powerful character development, high-quality visual effects, traditional cultural themes, and the participation of popular actors are the core characteristics for the success of Xianxia series. The interview results show that the global coverage of OTT platforms, the fresh and youthful narrative styles, and poetic symbolic expressions of emotion (e.g., in Immortal Samsara, the hero cannot fall in love with the heroine due to his special identity, and his love for the heroine is conveyed through the actor's eyes. Even without direct lines, a large number of emotional scenes still allow the audience to feel the deep feelings between the protagonists. The emotional expression that is different from most Western series makes the Xianxia series more attractive. As well as effective online promotion and fan interaction, they have further enhanced the popularity of the Xianxia series.

Conclusion: The success of the Chinese Xianxia series in Thailand stems from the interaction of cultural resonance, strategic distribution, and genre innovation. However, the limitation of this research lies in the small sample size of the interviews (n=4) and their concentration on administrators from core fan groups, which may fail to reflect the views of first-time viewers. Despite this, the findings highlight that when cultural narratives are effectively localized and promoted, they can facilitate cross-cultural communication and enhance China's cultural soft power.

Traditional-Modern Integration in Dali Tongzhou Bangzi: Pathways of Cultural Sustainability

Wanying Li — 2026-05-22

Background and Aims: Dali Tongzhou Bangzi, often referred to as the “ancestor of Bangzi Opera,” is one of China’s most influential regional operatic traditions, rooted in Shaanxi Province. Despite its recognition as intangible cultural heritage, it now faces challenges from modernization, shifting cultural preferences, and declining audiences. However, systematic research on how Tongzhou Bangzi negotiates the balance between tradition and innovation remains limited, leaving a gap in understanding its sustainable development. This study aims to investigate the integration of traditional and modern elements in Dali Tongzhou Bangzi to identify pathways that support its cultural sustainability.

Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed, combining field observations and semi-structured interviews with two expert informants. Data collection took place in Dali County, the cultural center of Tongzhou Bangzi. Musical transcription and theoretical analysis, informed by cultural geography, ethnomusicology, and vocal theory, provided the basis for interpreting cultural and artistic significance.

Results: Findings reveal that Tongzhou Bangzi retains strong traditional foundations, including high-pitched vocal styles, dialectal expressions, banshi rhythmic structures, and classic repertoires. At the same time, modern innovations such as the creation of new operas addressing contemporary issues, outreach programs in schools and communities, and the use of stage technologies have revitalized audience interest. Integration of these elements generates cultural sustainability through pathways of retention, innovation, performance expansion, and technological enhancement.

Conclusion: The study concludes that sustainability in Tongzhou Bangzi arises from balancing tradition with modernity. Rather than opposing forces, preservation and innovation are complementary, offering a model for other regional operas facing similar challenges.

Guidelines for Promoting Wushu Learning in Primary School in Xi’an City

Tao Li — 2026-05-22

Background and Aim: Conduct a comprehensive survey of the current status of the “Wushu into Campus” program in Xi'an's primary schools and accurately identify the core issues that constrain its development. This research objective was to develop guidelines to promote Wushu learning in primary schools in Xi’an City.

Materials and Methods: This research is qualitative and quantitative research using mixed methods research methodology. To survey the problem and obstruction of wushu learning in primary schools in Xi'an city, the researcher will use 60 questionnaires for 60 wushu teachers in primary schools. The content validity was verified by three experts with an IOC = 0.93. Interview 9 experts to find ways to construct the draft of guidelines for promoting wushu learning in primary school in Xi'an city, and use the focus group method with 7 experts to confirm the guidelines. Use computer analysis software to collect and organize the data obtained from the questionnaire. (x̄, SD.) and use content analysis for the interview method and the focus group method.

Results: (1) The overall opinions of samples regarding the problem and obstruction of wushu learning in primary school in Xi'an city on the man element were high (x̅ = 3.85). (2) The guidelines were created by combining the SIPOC model and 4M management theory, and there was a total of 84 guidelines for promoting wushu learning in primary school in Xi'an city. Including 21 guidelines of man element, 21 guidelines of money element, 20 guidelines of material element, and 22 guidelines of management element.

Conclusion: The experts agree that the guidelines to promote Wushu learning in primary school in Xi’an City are highly feasible and an approach could be applied and beneficial to promote Wushu learning in primary school in Xi'an City.

A POLC-Based Management Model for Promoting Dragon Dance in Polytechnic Colleges of Guangdong Province

Ruiqi Feng — 2026-05-22

Abstract

Background and Aims: As a prominent intangible cultural heritage of China, dragon dancing boasts distinct national characteristics and profound cultural heritage. It is not only an integral part of traditional Chinese sports but also a crucial vehicle for university physical education, campus cultural development, and the preservation of national spirit. In recent years, Guangdong's higher vocational colleges have achieved some success in promoting the diversified development of campus sports and fostering the well-rounded development of students' moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor qualities. However, the development of dragon dancing in these colleges still faces challenges, including insufficient promotion, weak faculty, imperfect management mechanisms, and uneven resource allocation. With the strengthening of national policies to protect and preserve traditional sports, and the implementation of policies such as the 14th Five-Year Plan for Sports Development and the National Fitness Plan, higher vocational colleges shoulder a crucial role in the preservation and development of dragon dancing. However, the current lack of a scientific, systematic, and operational management model to guide the standardized and sustainable promotion of dragon dancing in Guangdong's higher vocational colleges has, to a certain extent, constrained its educational function and social impact.

This study aims to construct a dragon dance management model applicable to higher vocational colleges in Guangdong Province based on POLC management theory (Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Control). Through a systematic analysis of the policy environment, institutional conditions, faculty development, activity development, student participation, and evaluation mechanisms, the model clarifies the management elements and operational mechanisms of each link, thereby providing a scientific basis and feasible solutions for the planning, organization, implementation, team building, and supervision and evaluation of dragon dance in these colleges. The establishment of this model will not only help to increase the popularity and competitive level of dragon dance in higher vocational colleges, but also effectively promote the inheritance and innovation of China's excellent traditional sports culture, enrich campus cultural life, enhance students' cultural confidence and collective cohesion, and achieve a dual improvement in educational and cultural value.

Methodology: The research methods of this study mainly include questionnaire survey method, Delphi method, literature review method, expert interview method and focus group method.

Results: The results of this study will present a management model to promote dragon dance of polytechnic colleges in Guangdong province.

Conclusion: Through the management model to promote dragon dance of polytechnic colleges in Guangdong province, the dragon dance movement can be effectively operated in polytechnic colleges in Guangdong province.

Keywords: dragon dance; Polytechnic colleges; Guangdong province

Writing Guzheng Teaching Manual for Preschool Students in Sanming City, Fujian Province

Xuelian Tian — 2026-05-22

Background and Aims: The purpose of this qualitative pilot study is to explore developmentally appropriate guzheng teaching for preschool children in Sanming City in Fujian Province, China. The study had two objectives: (1) to learn about expert informants’ ideas about appropriate teaching strategies through in-depth interviews, and (2) to develop a prototype for a guzheng teaching manual for preschool children.

Methodology: Three experts who have extensive teaching experience (30 years or above) in teaching the guzheng to preschool children were selected purposefully. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and then analyzed through content analysis. The results of this analysis were used to design the prototype teaching manual. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.

Results: It was determined that the teaching of the guzheng to preschool children should have the characteristics of play, imitation, story reading, picture seeing, and repertoire study. This prototype teaching manual for the guzheng in preschool includes age-appropriate and culturally relevant ways to combine listening to music with learning an instrument.

Conclusion: This guzheng manual prototype in preschool is a valuable resource that is informed by the knowledge of experts, early childhood music education pedagogy, and cultural values. The manual could be used as a basis for piloting and future evaluation in the classroom.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Employees' Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Based on Work Engagement Theory and Perceived Organizational Support Theory

Hui Huang — 2026-05-22

Background and Aims: This study introduces a dual-pathway model that integrates work engagement as a mediator and perceived organizational support as a moderator in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Drawing on Work Engagement Theory and Perceived Organizational Support Theory, the study proposes a dual-pathway model that explains both the mechanism and the boundary conditions of leadership influence.

Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed using survey data from 380 full-time employees across various industries in China. Established measurement instruments were used to assess transformational leadership, work engagement, perceived organizational support, and OCB. Structural equation modeling (SEM), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and moderation/mediation analyses (using bootstrapping and interaction effects) were conducted via SPSS and AMOS.

Results: Transformational leadership significantly enhances both work engagement and OCB. Work engagement was found to mediate the relationship between leadership and OCB partially. Additionally, perceived organizational support positively moderated the effect of transformational leadership on engagement, indicating that leadership is more effective when organizational support is high.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the novelty of the dual-pathway model and provide theoretical and managerial implications for enhancing OCB in Chinese enterprises.

Guideline to Promote Dragon and Lion Dance Sport Activity of Secondary Schools in Guangdong, The People’s Republic of China

Junshao Zhang — 2026-05-22

Background and Aims: Dragon and Lion Dance is an intangible cultural heritage with strong potential for integration into secondary school education in Guangdong Province. Despite its cultural and physical benefits, challenges such as limited resources, insufficient teacher training, and inadequate institutional support have restricted its development. The study aimed to: (1) Examine the current situation and challenges of Dragon and Lion Dance education in secondary schools in Guangdong Province. (2) Identify key factors influencing its implementation, including teacher training, resources, and curriculum integration. (3) Develop a practical guideline to promote Dragon and Lion Dance as part of sustainable school physical education.

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was used. Quantitative data were collected from 310 eighth-grade students and 30 teachers/coaches across six schools in Shaoguan City, while qualitative data came from 12 expert interviews, a focus group with 12 participants, and a connoisseurship evaluation by 6 professionals. Research tools included questionnaires, interview forms, and evaluation instruments, with validity confirmed by IOC values of 0.86–0.89. Data analysis combined descriptive statistics, Likert-scale evaluations, and content analysis.

Results: The findings showed high student enthusiasm, cultural pride, and perceived benefits in teamwork and physical fitness. However, major barriers included shortages of trained instructors, insufficient equipment, limited professional development, and weak cultural promotion by schools. Teachers recognized student motivation but cited a lack of resources and a need for systematic curriculum integration. The validated guideline addressed these gaps through strategies such as modular teacher training, curriculum embedding, resource-sharing networks, student engagement programs, evaluation mechanisms, community participation, and digital innovation.

Conclusion: The study produced a comprehensive, validated guideline that balances cultural preservation with physical education. It offers feasible strategies for integrating Dragon and Lion Dance into secondary schools, thereby enhancing students’ cultural awareness, holistic development, and the sustainability of this heritage sport.

Development of a Sales Training Program for Brand B Mobile Phones: A Case Study of XYZ Company Limited

Kiatkong Taweesombat — 2026-05-22

Background and Aims: In an era of rapid technological change, the mobile phone market has become one of the most highly competitive industries. Sales employees, who serve as the frontline of the organization, play a crucial role in conveying product information and persuading customers to build confidence in their purchasing decisions. This research aims to develop a training course for sales employees of Brand B mobile phones, using Company XYZ as a case study.

Methodology: This research is a qualitative study. The primary informants include supervisors and operational-level employees, totaling 12 participants. The research tool used was semi-structured interviews.

Results: The focus should be on enhancing product knowledge, sales skills, and storytelling to improve communication effectiveness with customers. The suitable training format is a combination of online learning and workshop activities. Additionally, evaluations should be conducted both before and after the training, along with follow-up on the practical application of the knowledge, in order to continuously improve the training program’s effectiveness.

Conclusion: By implementing a training program focused on enhancing product knowledge, sales skills, and storytelling, sales employees will gain a deeper understanding of the products and be able to communicate product information in a more engaging and trustworthy manner. This will increase customer confidence and make it easier for them to make purchasing decisions. The training format, which combines online learning with workshop activities, will provide employees with opportunities to practice their skills in simulated situations, thereby improving the effectiveness of the learning process.

The Development of an Educational Management Model to Enhance Teachers' Competency and Students' Competence in Utilizing the Local Curriculum of Wat Sisuphan Municipal School, under Chiang Mai Municipality, Chiang Mai Province

Inrita Yawichai — 2026-05-22

Background and Aims: The development of a school management model focuses on promoting teacher and student competencies coherently and effectively. It employs a participatory management approach and emphasizes continuous professional development for teachers. The outcomes help enhance the quality of learning and sustainable educational management. The objective of this research is to study the school management conditions at Wat Srisuphan Municipal School, under the Chiang Mai Municipality, Chiang Mai Province, with the aims to: (1) study the current school management practices that promote teacher competency and student competency, (2) develop a school management model, (3) implement the developed school management model, and (4) evaluate the effectiveness of the model in enhancing teacher and student competencies in the implementation of the local curriculum at Wat Srisuphan Municipal School, under the Chiang Mai Municipality, Chiang Mai Province.

Methodology: This research was conducted as research and development (R&D) through four phases: Phase 1 involved studying the basic information for developing an educational management model; Phase 2 focused on developing the model; Phase 3 examined the outcomes of implementing the model; and Phase 4 evaluated the developed model for enhancing teachers’ and students’ competencies in utilizing the local curriculum of Wat Sisuphan Municipal School, under Chiang Mai Municipality, Chiang Mai Province. The target groups in Phase 1 consisted of two groups: (1) school administrators, heads of academic affairs, internal supervisors, and heads of learning areas (15 participants), who provided data through focus group discussions; and (2) school administrators, heads of learning areas, and teachers (30 participants), who provided data through questionnaires. The target group in Phase 2 comprised 5 experts. The target group in Phase 3 included heads of academic affairs, heads of learning areas, teachers, and students (38 participants). The target group in Phase 4 consisted of school administrators, heads of learning areas, teachers, parents, and community members (50 participants). Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, performance evaluation forms, and satisfaction evaluation forms. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test statistics.

Results: The research findings revealed that: (1) The study of the current conditions of educational management for developing a school management model to enhance teachers’ and students’ competencies in utilizing the local curriculum of Wat Sisuphan Municipal School, under Chiang Mai Municipality, indicated that the overall opinions of teachers and students on the current situation and their needs were at the highest level (\bar{X} = 4.73). (2) The draft model of school management to enhance teachers’ and students’ competencies in utilizing the local curriculum consisted of seven components: (1) principles of the model, (2) objectives of the model, (3) implementation of the local curriculum, (4) resource management, (5) promotion of teachers’ competencies, (6) promotion of students’ competencies, and (7) measurement and evaluation. (3) The findings showed that the developed model demonstrated high effectiveness, with teachers’ competency rated at = 4.63 and students’ competency at = 4.79, both at the highest level of opinion. Students, parents, and the community expressed a high level of satisfaction with the model (\bar{X} = 4.65–4.70). (4) Teachers’ overall opinions regarding the management model to enhance teachers’ and students’ competencies in utilizing the local curriculum of Wat Sisuphan Municipal School were at the highest level (\bar{X} = 4.60).

Conclusion: The study revealed that teachers’ and students’ needs for utilizing the local curriculum were at the highest level. The developed school management model consisted of seven components, covering principles, objectives, curriculum implementation, resource management, and competency promotion. Evaluation results showed high effectiveness in enhancing both teacher and student competencies. Students, parents, and the community reported high satisfaction, while teachers expressed the highest level of agreement with the model.

Guidelines for Developing Coordination among Educational Institution Administrators in the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1

Boonsita Thamrongweerachat — 2026-05-22

Background and Aims: In the context of an increasingly complex and dynamic global society, generational diversity within organizations poses challenges to management and internal coordination. This is particularly evident in educational institutions, where effective collaboration is essential. Accordingly, school administrators must develop coordination skills—particularly in communication, teamwork, and the use of technology—to drive organizational success. This study, therefore, aims to explore the development of coordination competencies among school administrators in the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1, to enhance administrative efficiency in schools. The objectives of this research are: 1) To study the level of coordination by school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office 1, and 2) To propose guidelines for the coordination of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office 1.

Methodology: The target population for this study comprised three groups: (1) school principals, (2) deputy school principals, and (3) teaching staff, with a total of 295 participants. The sample size was determined using the sample size determination table proposed by Krejcie and Morgan (1970: 607–610), resulting in a selection of 59 schools. From each selected school, one principal, one deputy principal, and three teaching staff members were included as respondents, yielding a total sample of 295 individuals. In addition, five school administrators, identified as subject-matter experts through purposive sampling, served as key informants. Data collection employed two instruments: a structured questionnaire and an interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics—frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation—while qualitative data were examined through content analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes.

Results: The results of the study indicated that the overall level of coordination among school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 1, was rated as high. Analysis of the data identified six critical dimensions for development as perceived by the respondents. First, collaboration entails the cultivation of constructive interpersonal relationships coupled with the explicit articulation of organizational goals. Second, timing involves the implementation of systematic planning processes and the precise delineation of responsibilities to ensure operational efficiency. Third, information consistency requires the strategic allocation of personnel in alignment with task requirements, alongside the clear specification of roles and authority. Fourth, communication systems emphasize the adoption of two-way communication channels that adhere to established administrative hierarchies. Fifth, information management encompasses the prompt and accurate exchange of information, as well as the facilitation of professional growth among staff members. Finally, information technology necessitates the continuous modernization of systems to effectively respond to evolving technological advancements and societal transformations.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that school administrators within the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 1, possess a high capacity for coordination. Nonetheless, there remains significant potential to further enhance efficiency through strategic actions aligned with the six key dimensions identified in this study. Specifically, fostering systematic collaboration, engaging in meticulous planning with clearly defined roles, aligning personnel deployment with organizational needs, adopting effective communication practices, ensuring the prompt and accurate management of information, and leveraging modern technologies can collectively foster greater agility in coordination processes. These measures are expected to reduce redundancy, streamline operations, and ultimately strengthen the quality and sustainability of educational administration within schools.

Creating a Model for the Development of Snowboarding Management in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, the People’s Republic of China

Yunfeng Du — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: This qualitative study developed a model to promote snowboarding in China based on Ridge and Roquermore's (2010) management theory. Through Delphi technique analysis of interviews with 19 experts (association leaders, instructors, champions, and enthusiasts), the research identified four key components: 1) Planning - establishing tourism cooperation, safety inspections, goal-setting, and amateur leagues; 2) Organizing - venue arrangement, skill development, and tourism integration with environmental protection; 3) Implementing - professional market management, 20-hour courses, and trainer development; 4) Controlling - inspection committees, monthly evaluations, and teaching quality assessments. The model emphasizes sports-tourism integration, safety standards, and systematic training to boost snowboarding development in Heilongjiang and beyond.

Methodology: This research is a study and creation of a Snowboarding exercise model to promote Snowboarding using the Delphi technique. A total of 21 persons were selected by purposive sampling, of whom 19 were experts. Regarding the administration of the Snowboarding association, there are 4 persons as administrators with at least 5 years of experience, and 5 persons as Snowboarding sports teaching experts with at least 5 years of teaching experience. who have experience in Snowboarding or are a Snowboarding champion with not less than 3 years of experience, 5 persons. The experts with knowledge of exercise, with not less than 5 years of experience, 5 persons. The above are the limitations in studying and creating a model to promote in the community of Heilongjiang Province, China. The above limitations are presented according to the concept of a management framework that people with experience. Interviews will be given in order to provide suggestions for creating a successful development of Snowboarding and exercise patterns, in order to be useful for the use of Heilongjiang Province, which will come to use the services in the future. next order. Using the Delphi research technique. This study uses POIC, which was invented by Bridges and Roquemore. It represents four key elements: Planning, Organizing, Implementing, and Controlling.

Results: The research on management practices of developing and creating a form of Snowball exercise for exercise in Heilongjiang Province, China, used interviews with 19 Expert persons based on Bridge's and Roquermore's management function theory that Planning, Organizing, Implementing, and Controlling.

Conclusion: The research concludes that a well-designed snowboarding management model can significantly contribute to the growth and sustainability of snowboarding in Harbin. The proposed model incorporates strategic planning, efficient organizational structures, effective implementation strategies, and robust control mechanisms. This model can serve as a blueprint for other regions in China and beyond, promoting the development of snowboarding as a popular and professionally managed winter sport. The study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary knowledge integration from public policy, economics, sociology, and environmental studies to provide a holistic framework for sports development and management. Public Policy plays a crucial role in creating favorable conditions for snowboarding development, such as subsidies and talent introduction. Economics evaluates the direct and indirect economic contributions of snowboarding, including ticket sales, tourism revenue, and related industries. Sociology explores the social benefits of snowboarding, such as community cohesion and health improvements. Environmental Studies ensures sustainable practices, such as energy-efficient facilities and waste management. This interdisciplinary approach ensures that the snowboarding management model addresses multiple facets of sports development, providing a robust and adaptable framework. By addressing these three aspects, education, development, and interdisciplinary integration, the study aims to provide a comprehensive and actionable management model for snowboarding in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. This model can serve as a blueprint for other regions to enhance their winter sports ecosystems and promote sustainable development.

Singing the Sea: Historical Context and Musical Characteristics of Jing Ethnic Folk Songs through the Case of "Da Yu Guilai"

Jiaman Cen — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: The Jing ethnic group, located in Dongxing, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, possesses a rich maritime cultural heritage, as expressed through their traditional folk songs, which are influenced by both Chinese and Vietnamese traditions. This research aims to investigate the historical development and analyse the musical characteristics of Jing ethnic folk songs.

Methodology: Adopts a qualitative ethnomusicological approach, incorporating fieldwork, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and musical transcription. Research was conducted in coastal Jing communities, with three key informants selected based on their cultural roles as tradition bearers. Audiovisual documentation and Western notation were employed to analyze musical form and structural content.

Results: The song "Da Yu Guilai" exemplifies a tripartite structure, mirroring the seafaring life, with a departure, labor, and return. Its stepwise melody and alternating meter support communal singing and synchronized movement during fishing. Festival performances reinforce ritual function and cultural identity. Oral transmission sustains memory amid modernization. This research reveals how music fosters cultural resilience and environmental adaptation, contributing to ethnomusicological theories on the link between musical structure and socio-ecological context. It also supports practical applications in heritage education and community-based cultural preservation.

Conclusion: The research confirms that the musical characteristics of Jing folk songs are shaped by the group’s historical development and maritime environment. It highlights the need for preservation and further academic attention to coastal ethnic musical traditions.

The Guideline for Development Innovation Leadership of School Administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Sisaket, Yasothon

Tanachon Kudhom — 2026-05-23

Background and Objectives: The term “innovation” is a concept that arises from the use of knowledge, and continuous innovation is important, making the innovative leadership of school administrators, teacher research, and educational research in this research for education. 1) Components and indicators of innovative leadership of school administrators. 2) Current situation, desired situation, and necessary innovative leadership of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Sisaket, Yasothon, and 3) Guidelines for developing innovative leadership of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Sisaket, Yasothon.

Methodology: The research design used a mixed-methods research process, divided into 3 phases. The sample group used in the research was 351 people, using stratified sampling. The research instruments used were interviews, questionnaires, suitability assessment forms, and data analysis using statistics, including percentage, mean, standard deviation, content analysis, and modified priority needs index (PNI _modified).

Results: 1) There are 5 components, totaling 23 indicators. 2) The current condition is at a moderate level overall. The desired condition is at the highest level overall. Modified priority needs index, PNI_modified is between 0.31 - 0.68, and 3) Guidelines for developing innovative leadership of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Sisaket, Yasothon, consist of 5 parts. The results of the evaluation of the suitability and feasibility of the development guidelines were at the highest level (\bar{x} = 4.92, S.D. = 0.07)

Conclusion: The suitability of the components and indicators was found to be at the highest level. (\bar{x} = 4.64, S.D. = 0.06). Development requires the cooperation of personnel in educational institutions; the current overall condition is at a moderate level. (\bar{x} = 3.40, S.D. = 0.33). Leaders must have a clear vision and goals for organizational development. The overall desired condition is at the highest level. (\bar{x} = 4.84, S.D. = 0.04). School administrators can motivate teachers and staff to dare to change and develop innovative leadership approaches. 5 areas are considered most appropriate and feasible. (\bar{x} = 4.92, S.D. = 0.07). This development approach can be applied and implemented concretely to further create innovations based on the changes in the current world.

Developing a Training Program to Improve Well-being and Accuracy Shooting for University Basketball Athletes

Li Xie — 2026-05-23

Background and Aim: Among the various skills required, shooting accuracy is one of the most critical in determining a player's effectiveness and overall impact on the game. A player's ability to consistently shoot accurately, particularly under stressful conditions such as tight game scenarios or crucial free throws, plays a key role in achieving team success. Despite the significance of shooting accuracy, many athletes struggle to maintain consistency, particularly when faced with performance anxiety, stress, or negative emotions. Therefore, this research aims to develop a psychological training program to improve well-being and accuracy in shooting for university basketball athletes.

Methodology: 30 athletes from the Guangdong Provincial University were selected through strict criteria, and using a systematic sampling method, 30 athletes were divided into 2 groups. 15 athletes in the experimental group received a psychological training program, while 15 athletes in the control group followed a traditional training program. The intervention lasted 12 weeks, with structured training sessions conducted three times per week. Psychological resilience and accuracy shooting test were administered at three time points: before the training, after six weeks, and after twelve weeks. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc tests, and independent t-tests to examine differences between groups over time.

Results: The results revealed that psychological resilience and shooting accuracy in the experimental group showed statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level across all test intervals, pretest to mid-test, pretest to post-test, and mid-test to post-test. Furthermore, a comparison of post-test results between the experimental and control groups demonstrated significant differences at the 0.05 level in both psychological resilience and shooting accuracy. These findings indicate that the developed psychological training program was effective in enhancing both the psychological well-being and shooting accuracy of university basketball athletes.

Conclusion: University basketball players' resilience and shooting accuracy increased dramatically as a result of the psychological training program, which demonstrated steady improvement at every test stage. Comparisons with the control group after the test verified its efficacy.

Contemporary Ceramic Tea Set design: Focusing on the Adaptation and Integration of Qing Dynasty Tea Drinking Culture

Qifan Wang — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: China has a rich tea culture with a history spanning thousands of years, and tea utensils have always carried both functional and cultural significance. The Qing Dynasty marked the peak of ceramic tea utensil design, blending exquisite craftsmanship with cultural symbolism, making it a critical period for study and inspiration in modern design. This study aims to explore how the cultural and aesthetic elements of Qing Dynasty tea utensils can be translated into contemporary ceramic tea sets that preserve heritage while meeting the functional needs of modern consumers.

Methodology: The research was conducted in Jingdezhen, China (2022–2024), using a mixed-method approach. It involved historical analysis of Qing tea culture and aesthetics, expert interviews, consumer surveys with 500 participants, and prototyping of Qing-inspired tea sets. The study focused on three main objectives: historical documentation, modern contextualization, and design innovation.

Results: The findings highlight that Qing Dynasty-inspired designs can be effectively adapted for modern use without losing cultural authenticity. Prototype testing showed high functional performance, strong cultural appeal, and consumer purchase intent within the price range of ¥1,000–3,000. The integration of traditional aesthetics, ergonomic design, and material experimentation resulted in practical yet culturally significant tea sets.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that it is possible to merge historical heritage with modern usability through semantic and functional translation in design. By bridging tradition and modernity, Qing-inspired tea sets can serve as cultural conduits, supporting both the preservation of intangible heritage and its relevance in contemporary life. The research contributes to cultural heritage management, creative industry practices, and offers a model for future heritage-based design innovations.

Strong Community Management Model Based on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy of Communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Thakonphat Sirisak — 2026-05-23

Background and Objectives: Thailand faces problems of poverty, inequality, and social vulnerability resulting from economic and social changes. Strengthening communities is, therefore, a crucial task. Applying the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy as a guideline for community management will enhance potential and create sustainability at the local level. (1) To study the status of community management based on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy in communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. (2) To examine factors affecting community management based on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy in communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. (3) To study approaches for developing a model for community management based on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy in communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province.

Research Methodology: A mixed-method research methodology was employed. The research instrument used was a questionnaire and an interview form. The sample consisted of 358 residents of villages that received the "Yu Yen Pen Suk" Sufficiency Economy Village Award in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The target group consisted of 40 individuals who participated in the development of villages that received the "Yu Yen Pen Suk" Sufficiency Economy Village Award in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Quantitative data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: 1) The overall level of strong community management based on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy of communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province was found to be at a high level. (\bar{x} = 3.81) 2) Factors affecting strong community management based on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy of communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province included network cooperation, public participation, policies, and community leaders. This factor could explain 77.20% of strong community management based on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy of communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province (Y), with statistical significance at the .05 level. 3) Guidelines for developing strong community management models based on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy of communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province consist of four key dimensions: 3.1) Economically, the focus should be on developing professionally managed community enterprises, utilizing digital technology and online marketing tools to add value to products and expand distribution channels, while promoting a grassroots economy that emphasizes the use of cultural capital, local wisdom, and natural resources, along with the creation of collaborative networks. 3.2) Socially, the focus should be on promoting participation among people of all ages, developing volunteer networks, and creating shared learning spaces, emphasizing the development of social-psychological knowledge and participatory social threat surveillance systems. 3.3) Cultural and environmental aspects. Local culture should be revitalized and integrated into learning in the education system, while natural resource conservation should be promoted through community participation, community charter development, environmental funds, and zero-waste activities. 3.4) External cooperation: A forum for exchanges and cooperation between the public and private sectors, educational institutions, and NGOs should be established. Community research projects and field learning should be promoted to enhance community potential for self-reliance and sustainable development based on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy.

Conclusion: The level of strong community management based on the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy in Nakhon Ratchasima Province is high. Key factors influencing this include network cooperation, public participation, policies, and community leaders, which account for 77.20% of the variables (with statistical significance). The development model comprises four dimensions: economics, society, culture, environment, and external cooperation to strengthen the community.

Survey of Yiyang Opera in Jiangxi Provincial Opera and Dance Theatre, Nanchang City

Wang Rujue — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: One of China's oldest opera traditions, Yiyang Opera dates back to the Song and Yuan dynasties and has had a major impact on Peking, Sichuan, and Hunan operas. However, the lack of formal education systems, generational divides, and dwindling audiences present significant obstacles for Yiyang Opera today. In order to protect intangible cultural assets and strengthen national cultural identity, their maintenance is essential. This study aimed to (1) survey the current practices of Yiyang Opera performance and teaching at Jiangxi Provincial Opera and Dance Theatre. (2) Investigate the teaching and transmission methods that integrate traditional instruction with modern educational concepts. (3) Identify key challenges and opportunities in sustaining Yiyang Opera, particularly regarding generational inheritance, pedagogy, and audience engagement.

Methodology: Three seasoned Yiyang Opera inheritors and educators, each with over 15 years of teaching experience, provided the data for the study, which used descriptive analysis. Among the instruments used were semi-structured interviews, survey forms, and structured classroom observations. Notes, recordings, photographs, and transcriptions were used to collect the data, which was then examined for qualitative content. Validity and dependability were guaranteed via triangulation and expert review.

Results: The results showed that Yiyang Opera training is still based on mentorship and oral instruction, preserving authenticity but lacking formal frameworks. It was emphasized that incorporating contemporary teaching resources, like multimedia materials and structured curricula, is crucial for sustainability. The average age of the audience was 58.6 years, highlighting the generational divide and the pressing need for youth-focused involvement. As training facilities and performance venues, professional theaters were found to be essential to the transmission of culture. A key revival tactic has been striking a balance between innovation and preservation, such as by implementing new technology and building digital archives.

Conclusion: A two-pronged strategy is needed to revitalize Yiyang Opera: institutional backing and innovative teaching. Examples of successful tactics include integrating opera into youth cultural programs, growing theater-school partnerships, and fusing classic teaching methods with contemporary instruction. By providing useful suggestions for maintaining Yiyang Opera and a reproducible approach for incorporating traditional arts into contemporary schooling, this study aids in the preservation of intangible cultural heritage.

Guidelines for the Management of Inclusive Education in Small Schools Without School Administrators Under the Office of Ubon Ratchathani Primary Educational Service Area 4: A Case Study of Ban Nam Thiang School

Nuttawadee Wangsin — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: This study explores the management approaches of inclusive education in small schools without a principal under the Ubon Ratchathani Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, focusing on Ban Nam Thien School. The objectives were to 1) examine the current management status of inclusive education in such schools and 2) propose management guidelines for improving inclusive education in this context.

Methodology: The study involved 94 participants, including 9 school board members, 5 teachers, and 80 parents. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observation checklists, document analysis, and field notes. Thematic analysis was applied, with triangulation among data sources and member-checking to ensure validity.

Results: 1) The school demonstrated efforts in inclusive education but lacked comprehensive and consistent individualized curriculum adaptation, appropriate learning materials and facilities, skilled personnel, effective assessment systems, and sufficient involvement from parents and the community. And 2) The proposed management guidelines emphasize promoting learning based on the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework to address diverse student needs, developing special curricula focused on life skills and vocational training, allocating adequate budgets and assistive devices, encouraging ongoing research and teacher development with technology integration, establishing integrated monitoring and evaluation systems, and fostering sustainable networks with special education centers. Regular training and public awareness campaigns on inclusive education are also recommended.

Conclusion: Small schools without principals show commitment to inclusive education but require systematic development in individualized curriculum adaptation, facilities, personnel capacity, assessment, and community engagement. Future management should focus on flexible, inclusive systems, personnel development, technological support, continuous evaluation, and strengthened collaboration with families and communities to ensure sustainable, inclusive education.

Developing a Program to Enhance Learning Management Competencies of Teachers for Rajaprajanugroh Schools in the Northeastern

Wipapon Thumsen — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: Teachers' learning management competency is a process and methodology for organizing activities and learning experiences aimed at developing individuals to learn to their fullest potential according to learners' abilities, interests, and needs. This research aimed to study the current state, desired state, and priority needs for enhancing learning management competency of teachers in Rajaprajanugroh Schools in the northeastern region, and to develop a program for enhancing learning management competency of teachers in Rajaprajanugroh Schools in the northeastern.

Methodology: mixed-methods research approach divided into two phases. Phase 1: Investigation of the current state, desired state, and priority needs for enhancing teachers' learning management competency. The sample comprised 265 school administrators and teachers from 10 Rajaprajanugroh Schools. The data collection instrument was a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire with reliability coefficients of 0.956 and 0.953 for the current state and desired state questionnaires, respectively. Phase 2: Development of a program for enhancing the learning management competency of teachers in Rajaprajanugroh Schools through interviews with 5 school administrators and teachers who demonstrated best practices. The program's overall appropriateness and feasibility were rated at the highest level by 5 experts. Statistical analyses included percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

Results: (1) The current state of learning management competency of teachers in Rajaprajanugroh Schools was overall at a moderate level. The aspect with the highest mean score was learner-centered learning management, while curriculum development had the lowest mean score. The desired state of teachers' learning management competency was overall at the highest level, with measurement and learning assessment having the highest mean score and curriculum development having the lowest mean score. The priority needs for enhancing teachers' learning management competency showed an overall mean priority need index (PNI_modifiedof 0.40. (2) The program for enhancing teachers' learning management competency in Rajaprajanugroh Schools in the northeastern comprised 5 components: 1) Principles, 2) Objectives, 3) Content consisting of 5 modules, 4) Development methods and activities, and 5) Measurement and evaluation. The program utilized the 70:20:10 development model, consisting of 70% experiential learning through work experience, 20% learning from others, and 10% learning through training. Three development methods were synthesized: 1) Learning from work experience, 2) Learning from others, and 3) Training. The total program implementation time was 178 hours.

Conclusions: (1) Educational institutions showed a current state at a moderate level overall, a desired state at the highest level overall, and a priority need for enhancing the learning management competency of teachers in Rajaprajanugroh Schools of 0.40. (2) The program for enhancing learning management competency of teachers in Rajaprajanugroh Schools comprised: 1) Principles, 2) Objectives, 3) Content consisting of 5 modules: Module 1 - Curriculum Development, Module 2 - Learning Management Design, Module 3 - Learner-Centered Learning Management, Module 4 - Use of Media, Innovation and Technology, and Module 5 - Measurement and Learning Assessment, utilizing the 70:20:10 learning and development model.

The Effects of Problem-Based Learning on Mathematical Problem-Solving Abilities and Mathematical Learning Achievement in Basic Mathematics for Careers among First-Year Vocational Certificate Students at Hat Yai Technical College, Songkhla Province

Pornnapat Sakuldee — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: Problem-based learning (PBL) is an active learning process that emphasizes learners at the center of the learning process. It is a learning process that encourages learners to think systematically and promotes problem-solving skills, which are essential for learning in the 21st century. This research aimed to 1) compare mathematics problem-solving ability and academic achievement in vocational basic mathematics between the group that received PBL and the group that received conventional learning, and 2) compare mathematics problem-solving ability and academic achievement in vocational basic mathematics after receiving PBL with the 70 percent criterion.

Methodology: The population consisted of first-year vocational certificate students in the second semester of the 2024 academic year at Hat Yai Technical College. The sample consisted of first-year vocational certificate students who registered for the Basic Career Mathematics course in the second semester of the 2024 academic year in two classrooms. The research instruments included 1) problem-based learning plans, 2) conventional learning plans, 3) mathematics problem-solving ability tests, and 4) mathematics achievement tests. The statistics used included mean, standard deviation, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)

Results: 1. The problem-solving ability and academic achievement in basic vocational mathematics of the first-year vocational certificate students in the group that received learning management using problem-based learning were higher than the group that received learning management using normal methods, at the .05 significance level. And 2. The problem-solving ability and academic achievement in basic vocational mathematics of the first-year vocational certificate students after receiving learning management using problem-based learning were higher than the 70% mastery learning criterion, at the .05 significance level.

Conclusion: Problem-based learning (PBL) is clearly effective in developing mathematical problem-solving abilities and enhancing academic achievement in vocational mathematics among first-year vocational certificate students. The results of the study indicated that students who received PBL had significantly higher learning outcomes than those who received conventional learning. They also achieved problem-solving abilities and academic achievement levels exceeding the 70% threshold. These results demonstrate that PBL is an effective learning approach that can promote analytical thinking, problem-solving, and deep learning skills in vocational education contexts.

Purchasing Behavior and Attitude towards Distribution of the Lottery in Maha Sarakham Province

Saharat Apiadoolwat — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: The Government Lottery is very important to the Thai economy. Various governments have raised funds through the issuance of the Government Lottery. Lottery is a form of gambling that has been introduced into Thailand since the reign of King Nangklao for entertainment and to generate income. The objectives of this research are to study 1) to study the behavior of purchasing Government Lottery tickets, 2) to study the attitude towards purchasing Government Lottery tickets, 3) to study the distribution of Government Lottery tickets, and 4) to study the suggestions for the distribution of Government Lottery tickets of consumers in Maha Sarakham Province.

Methodology: It is mixed research by qualitative research, with important informants including 9 consumers. Important informants were identified by specific methods. The instrument used was a structured interview. Quantitative research: the sample group was 386 consumers using the accidental sampling method. The research instrument used a questionnaire with a rating scale. Statistics for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results: 1) The behavior of purchasing government lottery tickets was found to be at the highest level and at the highest level in all items. 2) The attitude of purchasing government lottery tickets was found to be at the highest level and at the highest level in all items. 3) The distribution of government lottery tickets was found to be at the highest level and at the highest level in all items. 4) The behavior of purchasing government lottery tickets, the attitude of purchasing government lottery tickets, had a relationship with the distribution of government lottery tickets of consumers in Maha Sarakham Province at a moderate level, with a relationship value of .656 and .582, which were statistically significant at the .01 level, respectively.

Conclusion: Lottery purchasing behavior and lottery purchasing attitudes have a moderate relationship with the distribution of lottery tickets of consumers in Maha Sarakham Province. Therefore, the distribution of lottery tickets to consumers in Maha Sarakham Province should have price control to be the same nationwide, as stipulated by law.

Analysis of Occupational Anxiety and Countermeasures of Radio and Television Presenters in China

Zhong Xin — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: In the context of media transformation and digital disruption, Chinese radio and television presenters are increasingly experiencing occupational anxiety. This study aims to systematically investigate the sources, manifestations, and impacts of such anxiety, and to propose practical countermeasures for personal development, organizational management, and industry sustainability. The study explores the psychological challenges faced by Chinese radio and television presenters amid media convergence. It examines how changing work environments, evolving audience expectations, and technological innovations affect presenters’ mental health, professional identity, and career prospects.

Methodology: A hybrid research design combining quantitative and qualitative methods was employed. Over 500 presenters participated in a questionnaire survey, supplemented by 30 in-depth interviews and field observations at 10 media organizations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.

Results: Findings reveal that more than 70% of presenters experience a decline in professional identity, with local television hosts showing 35% higher anxiety levels than their national counterparts. Major stressors include personal finances, occupational uncertainty, and increasing responsibilities. Occupational anxiety manifests in emotional distress, performance issues, and career stagnation.

Findings: The study identifies a multidimensional mechanism driving occupational anxiety, involving external stressors (e.g., media disruption, audience shifts), internal factors (e.g., self-doubt, identity crisis), and systemic issues (e.g., outdated evaluation systems). A tiered support model is proposed, addressing individual resilience, organizational reform, and societal recognition.

Conclusion: To mitigate occupational anxiety and promote sustainable development in the media sector, the study proposes targeted interventions: mindfulness training and skill enhancement for individuals, lifecycle career planning and mental health systems for organizations, and stronger policy support and public awareness at the societal level.

The Influences of Social Media Marketing Factors and Data-Driven Decision-Making on Sustainable Business Performance in the Game Industry: Open Innovation as a Moderator

Tong Wei — 2026-05-23

Background and Aim: The gaming industry is increasingly integrating social media marketing, open innovation, and data-driven decision-making to achieve sustainable business performance. This study explores how social media marketing factors connect with sustainable business performance. It also tests the role of data-driven decision-making and open innovation in the game industry.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative research approach was adopted, collecting data from various types of gaming companies in China. A stratified random sampling method was employed, targeting mobile games, PC games, console games, web games, and e-sports companies. A total of 352 valid questionnaires were collected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS AMOS for structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results: Social media marketing factors were found to have significant positive impacts on data-driven decision-making. Data-driven decision-making positively influences sustainable business performance and acts as a significant mediator between social media marketing factors and sustainable business performance. Furthermore, open innovation was confirmed to have a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between social media marketing factors and data-driven decision-making.

Conclusion: Sustainable business performance in the gaming industry is a synergistic outcome driven by external and user-centered factors, channeled through efficient data-driven decision-making processes, and amplified by an open innovation environment. The findings contribute theoretically by extending open innovation and Resource-Based View (RBV) perspectives into the domain of online marketing management in the gaming industry.

Developing a Plyometric Training Program to Improve Jumping and 3-Point Shooting Ability in Basketball

Hongyu Zhu — 2026-05-23

Background and Aim: Improving jumping ability is not merely about increasing an athlete's vertical height or jumping higher; it's about refining the player’s overall game performance through effective jump techniques. In basketball, jumping is far more than just a basic movement; it is crucial for key skills like shooting, blocking, and rebounding. The level of competition in basketball continues to rise, and the importance of physical attributes like jumping ability has become more pronounced. Despite the critical role of jumping in basketball performance, many athletes struggle to reach their full potential in this area due to inadequate or improperly structured training methods. Therefore, this research was to develop a plyometric training program to improve jumping and 3-point shooting ability in basketball.

Materials and Methods: This research was quasi-experimental. Consisted of 232 male basketball athletes and 7 coaches from the basketball club of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics. All 232 male basketball athletes will participate in the vertical jump test, and their scores will be recorded. The 40 male athletes with the lowest test scores, who volunteered to take part in the experiment, will be selected as the sample group. Using a systematic sampling method, the sample will be divided into two groups, with 20 athletes assigned to the experimental group and 20 athletes assigned to the control group. The experiment will be conducted for 8 weeks, the experimental group will be trained using a plyometric training program, and the control group will be trained using a traditional training program. The vertical jump test and three-point jump shot test will be administered to all 40 athletes before the start of the training (pre-test), after 4 weeks of training, and upon completion of the 8-week program. In this research, mean, standard deviation, one-way repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc, and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test outcomes for both the vertical jump and three-point jump shot tests. Additionally, within the experimental group, significant improvements were observed in the vertical jump and three-point jump shot results across all time points: pretest to mid-test, pretest to posttest, and mid-test to posttest, with significant differences at the 0.05 level.

Conclusion: The plyometric training program developed was more effective in improving jumping performance in basketball.

Developing an Integration Guideline for Traditional Wushu into Modern Higher Education

Lei Yu — 2026-05-23

Background and Aim: The integration of traditional Chinese Wushu into modern university education is an area that has gained significant attention due to the growing interest in maintaining cultural heritage while promoting holistic education. However, despite its historical and cultural importance, its integration into higher education systems, especially in modern universities, remains limited and inconsistent. This lack of formal integration creates a gap between the traditional practice of Wushu and the evolving demands of contemporary educational frameworks that emphasize multidisciplinary learning and global engagement. Therefore, this research was to develop an integration guideline for traditional Wushu into modern higher education.

Materials and Methods: This research was mixed-method research. The research population consists of 2,446 first-year students from the 2024 academic year who selected Wushu as part of their general physical education courses; these students are not majoring in physical education, and 28 Wushu teachers from 6 universities in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province. For this research, 7 experts were interviewed to help draft the components of the guideline. Additionally, 12 experts participated in a focus group discussion to develop an integration guideline. Finally, 9 experts were invited to a connoisseurship discussion to confirm the developed integration guideline. In this research, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results: An integration guideline for traditional Wushu into modern higher education was organized in six aspects as follows: (1) Curriculum design and structure including 3 elements; (2) Pedagogical and instructional approaches including 3 elements; (3) Institutional support and resources including 3 elements; (4) Professional development and faculty support including 2 elements; (5) Intercultural learning and leadership development including 2 elements; (6) Evaluation, continuous improvement, and sustainability including 3 elements.

Conclusion: After validation through the connoisseurship method, the experts unanimously agreed that the developed integration guideline offers a comprehensive and practical framework for incorporating traditional Wushu into modern higher education.

Developing Learning Activities using Harrow's Instructional Model Combined with Mixed Media to Promote Dance Abilities in the College of Nanjing University of the Arts

Yiying Wang — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: Because it offers a taxonomy for the psychomotor domain, Harrow's Instructional Model (1972) is significant because it aids teachers in creating goals that systematically improve students' motor abilities. Along with the cognitive and affective domains, it highlights the importance of integrating movement, coordination, and motor abilities as integral components of holistic education. The objectives of this study are: 1) To develop learning activities using Harrow's instructional model combined with mixed media to promote dance abilities, 2) To study the dance abilities of students studying using Harrow's Instructional Model combined with mixed media, and 3) To study student satisfaction with learning activities using Harrow's instructional model combined with mixed media.

Methodology: The sample included 20 second-year students from the Department of Dance Education, Nanjing University of the Arts. In the second semester of 2023. The research tool was used for course planning, a basic skills test of Chinese classical dance, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Use the evaluation results from experts. The average value was analyzed. To compare with the evaluation criteria of the rating scale (Rating Scale) according to the Likert method, a 5-level option type, the Data analysis included percentages, mean, and standard deviation.

Results: The results of the study were as follows: 1) The development of learning activities using Harrow's instructional model combined with mixed media to promote dance abilities has an average suitability value for all plans equal to 4.38, which is at a high level. 2) Students who received learning activities using Harrow's Instructional Model combined with mixed media had an overall excellent dancing ability of 88.15%. This was divided into 15 students, or 75 % of all students, who had excellent dancing ability, and 5 students, or 25 % of all students, who had good dancing ability. And 3) Students who learned using Harrow's Instructional Model combined with mixed media had overall satisfaction at a very high level.

Conclusion: Development of learning activities using Harrow's teaching model and multimedia to promote dance skills in colleges, Nanjing University of the Arts has a moderate level of suitability.

Guidelines for Management to Promote Rope Skipping in Schools of Guangzhou City

Zhijian Li — 2026-05-23

Background and Aims: Rope skipping, deeply rooted in Chinese culture, is widely recognized for its physical and educational benefits. Despite its integration into school curricula, management practices in Guangzhou schools remain inconsistent. This study aimed to examine current practices and develop management guidelines for promoting rope skipping in schools across Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed. The population included 3,726 individuals, with a sample of 562 participants selected using Krejcie and Morgan’s table. Data collection involved literature review, expert interviews, and focus group discussions with seven specialists, including association leaders, principals, coaches, athletes, and parents. Instruments were validated using the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC), and data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Likert-scale evaluations.

Results: Findings revealed strengths and limitations in four management areas. Planning requires clear policies, long-term strategies, curriculum integration, and adequate budgeting. Organizing emphasizes safe facilities, qualified coaches, transparent student selection, and external partnerships. Implementing highlights structured training, IT-based tools, varied skipping formats, and student motivation. Controlling involves fitness testing, expert evaluation, the PDCA cycle, and safety protocols. Together, these elements form a structured framework for sustainable program management.

Conclusion: The study proposes comprehensive management guidelines that integrate planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling to strengthen rope skipping in Guangzhou schools. The model enhances student health, engagement, and skill development, offering a replicable framework for sustainable school-based sports promotion.

Developing a Training Program to Improve Diving Athletes’ Performance in Guangdong Province

Zhenzhen Li — 2026-05-23

Background and Aim: In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of psychological skills in athletic training, particularly in high-pressure sports like diving. This recognition stems from the increasing understanding that successful athletes not only require physical strength and technical mastery but also robust psychological attributes that help them perform optimally under stress. However, the existing training models for Guangdong's divers have largely ignored or undervalued mental resilience training, which has led to a situation where athletes may have the technical skills to excel but lack the psychological tools necessary to handle the pressures they face in competition. Therefore, this research aims to develop a training program to improve diver athlete performance in Guangdong province, and to use the training program integrated into university-level teaching and learning in the future.

Methodology: 30 athletes from the Guangdong Province diving team were selected based on strict criteria. Through a systematic sampling method, 30 athletes were divided into 2 groups. The experimental group received a psychological resilience training program, while the control group followed a traditional training program. The intervention lasted 12 weeks, with structured training sessions conducted three times per week. Athletic driving performance tests were administered at three time points: before the training, after six weeks, and after twelve weeks. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc tests, and independent t-tests to examine differences between groups over time.

Results: The results showed that diving performance in the experimental group had a significant difference at 0.05 between pretest-mid-test, pretest-posttest, and mid-test-posttest. In addition, the comparison between the experimental and control groups with the post-test results of the diving performance was significant difference at 0.05. This indicates that the developed training program effectively improves the diving performance of the diver athlete.

Conclusion: The developed training program effectively improves diving athletes’ performance in Guangdong province.

Development of Wushu Teaching Model under the Concept of Outcome-based Education for University Students in Guangdong Province

Yi Yang — 2026-05-23

Background and Aim: The current Wushu teaching model is overly competition-focused, with homogeneous course content, imbalanced faculty expertise, and limited attention to traditional techniques and cultural heritage. Additionally, rigid curricula and misaligned talent development goals hinder students’ ability to acquire interdisciplinary, adaptable skills needed for diverse societal and professional roles. Addressing these issues requires a reconceptualization of Wushu pedagogy to meet the multi-dimensional needs of modern learners while preserving its cultural essence. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a Wushu teaching model under the concept of outcome-based education for university students in Guangdong province.

Materials and Methods: This research was mixed-method research. The comprehensive study included a questionnaire survey of 320 students and 16 Wushu teachers from three universities in Guangdong province, namely Guangzhou Sport University, South China Normal University, and Guangzhou University. This survey aimed to study the current situation and problems of Wushu teaching. After that, through the purposive sampling method, 7 experts were interviewed to draft the Delphi questionnaire and the framework of the Wushu teaching model. 19 experts participated in two rounds of Delphi consensus to draft the Wushu teaching model. Additionally, 9 experts conducted focus group discussions to further improve the Wushu teaching model. Finally, 9 experts were conducted connoisseurship discussion to finally confirm and evaluate the Wushu teaching model. Questionnaire data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while Delphi consensus data were analyzed using median and interquartile range (IQR), with standards set as median ≥ 3.50 and IQR ≤ 1.50.

Results: Wushu teaching model under the concept of outcome-based education for university students in Guangdong province consists of 5 first-level indicators, 17 second-level indicators, and 49 third-level indicators. First-level indicators include the learning outcome objective system with 4 second-level indicators, the system of teaching content and method with 3 second-level indicators, the learning outcome evaluation system with 3 second-level indicators, the continuous improvement mechanism with 3 second-level indicators, resources and security system with 4 second-level indicators.

Conclusion: Validated by experts, this model provides a systematic framework for enhancing Wushu teaching quality, promoting regional cultural inheritance, and supporting students' comprehensive development, offering valuable references for college Wushu education reform in Guangdong.

Developing a Functional Training Program to Improve the Physical Fitness of Female University Football Players

Yu Wang — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: Female football has seen growing participation at the university level, yet traditional training programs often fail to address the unique physiological characteristics (e.g., hamstring-quadriceps strength imbalance, high risk of anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] injury) and the sport-specific physical demands of female players. The objectives of this study were threefold: 1) to investigate the current situation and challenges of physical fitness training for female university football players; 2) to develop a targeted functional training program tailored to this population based on expert input and needs assessment; 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed program in improving key physical fitness components (strength, speed, agility, endurance) of female university football players.

Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study. Sample selection adopted purposive sampling: the sample group consisted of 30 female football players from Inner Mongolia Medical University, aged 19–20 years, with the occupation of undergraduate students (majoring in various disciplines) who had at least 1 year of university-level football training experience and represented the university in football competitions and regular training. Research tools included: 1) a Likert-scale questionnaire (used to investigate training challenges, with content validity verified by 3 experts via Index of Item-Objective Congruence [IOC] = 0.78); 2) structured expert interview outlines (to guide the development of focus group frameworks, IOC = 0.82 verified by 3 experts); 3) focus group discussion frameworks (to refine the training program with 9 experts); 4) an 8-week functional training program (implemented 5 days/week, 2 hours/day, including warm-up, main training, and cool-down); 5) standardized physical fitness assessment tools (hamstring maximum strength test [1RM], 30-meter sprint test, Illinois Agility Test, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test). For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean [\bar{x}], standard deviation [SD]) were used to summarize basic data, and inferential statistics (one-way repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons) were applied to analyze differences in physical fitness across time points, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.

Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in all physical fitness indicators among pre-training, after 4 weeks of training, and after 8 weeks of training (p < 0.05 for all): 1) Hamstring strength (1RM) increased progressively from 60.53±10.55 kg (pre-test) to 61.45±10.88 kg (4 weeks) and further to 66.29±11.40 kg (8 weeks) (F = 94.84, p < 0.001); 2) 30-meter sprint time decreased from 5.36±0.32 s (pre-test) to 5.30±0.39 s (4 weeks) and 5.11±0.47 s (8 weeks) (F = 20.86, p < 0.001); 3) Illinois Agility Test time reduced from 18.96±0.85 s (pre-test) to 18.91±0.93 s (4 weeks) and 18.65±1.32 s (8 weeks) (F = 7.14, p = 0.002); 4) Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test distance improved from 813.33±61.55 m (pre-test) to 842.67±68.83 m (4 weeks) and 889.33±71.77 m (8 weeks) (F = 65.89, p < 0.001). Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons confirmed significant differences between every two adjacent time points (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The 8-week functional training program developed in this study is highly effective in improving the physical fitness of female university football players. It not only significantly enhances core fitness components (strength, speed, agility, endurance) that are critical for football performance but also addresses key issues, such as hamstring weakness (which reduces ACL injury risk) and insufficient intermittent endurance. The program is tailored to the unique physiological needs and training challenges of female university football players, providing an evidence-based and practical training framework for coaches and sports science practitioners in university football settings.

Improving Oral English Proficiency and Cooperative Skills in Vocational School Students through Integrative Approaches of Situational Teaching and Cooperative Learning

Xiaojuan Zheng — 2026-05-24

Background and Aim: Oral English proficiency and cooperative ability are essential competencies for vocational school students, directly influencing their academic development and employability. However, many students struggle with oral communication and lack effective collaborative skills. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of integrating situational teaching with cooperative group learning in improving both oral English proficiency and cooperative competence.

Methodology: An experimental research design was employed with second-grade vocational school students. The experimental group received instruction that combined situational teaching and cooperative group learning, while the control group continued with traditional teacher-centered instruction. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests of oral proficiency, as well as classroom observation and cooperative ability assessments.

Results: The findings indicated significant improvement in the experimental group’s oral English performance, particularly in fluency, accuracy, and communicative effectiveness. Cooperative ability also improved, with students demonstrating stronger teamwork, problem-solving, and conflict resolution skills. In addition, students reported more positive attitudes toward collaboration and developed a deeper understanding of the value of cooperative learning.

Conclusion: The study confirms that integrating situational teaching with cooperative group learning is an effective approach to enhancing both oral English proficiency and cooperative ability in vocational school contexts. The combined model not only supports language development but also cultivates essential interpersonal and teamwork skills, providing practical guidance for vocational English instruction.

Research on the Singing Art of Liao Changyong

Miaozhuang Wang — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: This study explores the vocal art of Chinese baritone Liao Changyong, focusing on how his formative experiences, professional training, and artistic practice shaped his distinctive performance style. The aims are threefold: first, to investigate the relationship between Liao’s personal background and his professional achievements; second, to analyze his singing techniques across breathing, phonation, resonance, and diction; and third, to evaluate how his cross-genre practice has influenced the localization and public acceptance of bel canto in China.

Methodology: The research adopts a mixed approach, combining literature review, qualitative performance analysis, and quantitative survey data from 160 audience members. Performances such as The Shade of Green, Mother’s Love, and Three Stanzas of Yangguan were analyzed, while audience feedback on bel canto acceptance was statistically examined using SPSS.

Results: Findings reveal that audience acceptance of bel canto increased by 23–37% following exposure to Liao’s performances, with 52% of respondents expressing interest in crossover vocal training.

Conclusion: Unlike earlier studies that mainly provided descriptive accounts of Liao Changyong’s artistry, this research integrates empirical audience survey data and technical spectral analysis to demonstrate how his cross-genre practice not only adapts bel canto to Chinese phonology but also measurably increases public acceptance. The proposed three-stage pathway—technical localization, repertoire innovation, and cultural identity reconstruction—offers a replicable framework for future studies on the nationalization of Western art forms in China.

The Philosophy of Yin Yang in Manga Characterization

Siqi Gao — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: Character design is central to the success of manga, yet many contemporary works rely on repetitive archetypes and lack psychological depth. This study investigates how the traditional Chinese philosophy of Yin and Yang, emphasizing contrast, balance, and transformation, can provide a creative framework for enriching manga characterization.

Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed, combining literature analysis, case study, and participant observation. Representative manga works, including Shaman King, Naruto, and Gintama, were analyzed to examine the integration of Yin-Yang concepts into visual design, character psychology, and group dynamics.

Results: The findings reveal that Yin-Yang philosophy is consistently reflected in color symbolism (e.g., white vs. black), elemental powers (e.g., fire vs. ice), and dual personality traits within single characters. Furthermore, the balance of Yin and Yang is evident in protagonist-antagonist relationships, such as Naruto and Sasuke, where complementary forces generate both narrative tension and emotional resonance. This dualistic structure enhances the complexity and relatability of characters.

Conclusion: Yin-Yang philosophy provides a culturally rooted and theoretically robust framework for manga characterization. By embedding duality and transformation in both individual and group portrayals, creators can achieve greater narrative depth and symbolic richness. The study highlights the potential of traditional Eastern philosophy to inform contemporary global storytelling and offers valuable implications for interdisciplinary research in media and cultural studies.

Application and Value of Ningbo Mud-gold Color Paint Pattern in Clothing Digital Design

Qihong Yao — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: Although Ningbo mud-gold color paint has been widely recognized for its aesthetic and cultural significance, its systematic integration into digital fashion design remains underexplored. This gap limits both the creative potential of digital design and the sustainable transmission of this national intangible cultural heritage. This study addresses this gap by examining how Ningbo mud-gold paint patterns can be digitally adapted to modern clothing design while retaining cultural integrity.

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining historical and cultural analysis with surveys and interviews involving young consumers and professional designers. Digital modeling and case demonstrations were used to evaluate the adaptability of traditional patterns in virtual fashion environments.

Results: The findings reveal that mud-gold patterns, when digitized, not only enhance visual richness and consumer engagement but also create new opportunities for interactive and sustainable fashion design. Moreover, the research identifies how the symbolic meanings of traditional motifs can be effectively preserved within contemporary digital workflows.

Contributions: This study makes three key contributions: (1) it introduces a replicable framework for embedding intangible cultural heritage into digital fashion design; (2) it demonstrates the potential of digital technology to promote cultural sustainability by balancing preservation with innovation; and (3) it provides practical insights for designers and policymakers seeking to transform traditional crafts into viable resources for the cultural and creative industries.

Conclusion: Integrating Ningbo mud-gold paint patterns into digital design not only revitalizes a traditional craft but also contributes to the sustainable development of cultural heritage within the global fashion industry.

Diffusion Mechanisms of Phenomenal Chinese Dance Dramas Through a Content–Strategy–Audience Chain: An Integrative Review

Xie Fang — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: Chinese dance dramas have recently achieved phenomenal diffusion on short-video and social media platforms, yet prior research is fragmented across aesthetics, dissemination, and audience response. This review integrates the field via a Content–Strategy–Audience framework and identifies key gaps.

Methodology: An integrative review synthesizes studies across concept and theory, content, strategy, and audience domains to derive a chain-mechanism account.

Results: Phenomenal diffusion follows a chain logic: content increases symbolic transmissibility, strategy converts it into scalable circulation units, and audiences move from acceptance to participation and re-production, forming a feedback loop.

Conclusion: Phenomenal dance drama diffusion is a coupled system linking content, platform strategy, and audience re-production. Future work should strengthen construct role-locking and operational tests, distinguish short-term peaks from long-cycle sustainability, and compare platform ecosystems.

Exploring AI Application Capability among Undergraduate Fashion Design Students: Current Status and Influencing Factors

Liyang Zhang — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly important in fashion design education, students’ ability to apply AI tools has become a key issue in talent development. This study aimed to examine the current status of AI application capability among undergraduate fashion design students and to identify its main influencing factors.

Methodology: A quantitative research design was adopted. Data were collected from 180 undergraduate students majoring in Fashion and Apparel Design at Xianyang Normal University, China. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results: The results showed that students’ self-rated AI application capability was at a moderate level (M = 3.17, SD = 1.03), while their developmental demand was relatively high. Significant differences were found across gender and grade level. Personal, school, and social factors were all positively associated with AI application capability. Hierarchical regression analysis further showed that these three factors had significant positive effects, with grade remaining the strongest predictor (β = .383, p < .001).

Conclusion: AI application capability among fashion design students is shaped by multiple factors and develops progressively across academic stages. Improving this capability requires stronger student engagement, better curriculum support, more practice-oriented teaching, and closer university–industry collaboration. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution because the study relied on self-reported data from a single university.

Factors Affecting the Participation of Citizens in Solid Waste Management in Phaya Thai, Bangkok

Buntrari Meepermpoonsri — 2026-05-24

Background and Aim: This research aimed to 1) study the level of public participation in solid waste management in Phaya Thai District, Bangkok, and 2) compare gender, age, occupation, average monthly income, and length of residence in the area with their participation in solid waste management in Phaya Thai District, Bangkok.

Methodology: A quantitative study was conducted. The sample consisted of 400 residents aged 18 years and over in Phaya Thai District, Bangkok, using a simple random sampling technique. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and one-way analysis of variance. The sample size used for the research was calculated using the Yamane formula. The research instrument was a questionnaire on public participation in solid waste management in Phaya Thai District, Bangkok, which was quality-checked and had a reliability of .96.

Results: 1. Residents in Phaya Thai District, Bangkok, had the highest level of overall participation in solid waste management (mean = 4.21). Participation in evaluation had the highest mean (mean = 4.58), followed by participation in decision-making, participation in implementation, and participation in benefit sharing, respectively. 2) A comparison of public participation in solid waste management in Phaya Thai District. Bangkok is classified by gender, age, education level, occupation, monthly income, and length of stay in the area. The study found that personal factors, including gender, age, education level, occupation, and length of stay, did not significantly affect public participation in solid waste management in Phaya Thai District, Bangkok, rejecting the research hypothesis. Significant differences were observed in average monthly income, with incomes below 15,000 baht being significantly different from those between 30,000 and 35,001 baht, and incomes between 15,001 and 20,000 baht being significantly different from those between 30,000 and 35,001 baht. The study also found significant differences in the level of participation in solid waste management. The research hypothesis was accepted.

Model of the Factors Affecting Competitive Advantage for Shandong Province Wealth Investment Management Company

Huimin Shan — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: The wealth investment management industry in Shandong Province, China, faces intensified competition amid evolving regulatory frameworks and changing customer preferences. This study investigates the factors influencing competitive advantage for wealth investment management companies in Shandong Province. The research aims to: (1) examine the current development status and challenges of wealth investment management companies, (2) identify key factors affecting competitive advantage, and (3) develop a comprehensive model explaining the relationships between market conditions, customer dynamics, marketing promotion strategies, and competitive advantage.

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative study surveyed 400 employees from four wealth investment management companies in Shandong Province using structured questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to test seven hypotheses examining relationships between market factors, customer variables, marketing promotion strategies, and competitive advantage. The qualitative component involved in-depth interviews with 20 participants to identify development problems and causes. Variables included market conditions, customer factors, marketing promotion strategies, and competitive advantage dimensions.

Results: All seven hypotheses were statistically supported. SEM analysis revealed market conditions significantly influence marketing promotion strategies (β=0.870, p<0.001), customer dynamics (β=0.505, p<0.001), and competitive advantage (β=0.252, p<0.001). Marketing promotion strategies (β=0.073, p<0.001) and customer factors (β=0.135, p<0.01) positively impact competitive advantage. Significant indirect effects were confirmed through marketing strategies (0.117) and customer factors (0.037). Model fit indices demonstrated excellent fit (χ²/df=1.335, RMSEA=0.074). Key development challenges identified include regulatory compliance pressures, intensified competition, and insufficient innovation capabilities.

Conclusion: The research establishes a comprehensive competitive advantage model demonstrating that market conditions serve as fundamental drivers operating both directly and through mediating effects of marketing strategies and customer relationships. The developed model provides a framework for understanding competitive dynamics in Shandong's wealth investment management sector. Recommendations include focusing on market segmentation, customer-centric innovation, digital transformation, and regulatory compliance to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

Factors Influencing Healthcare Performance of the Elderly in Tai'an City Hospital, The People's Republic of China

Qi Ma — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: China's rapidly aging population presents significant challenges for healthcare systems, particularly in prefecture-level cities like Tai'an, where elderly patients (aged 60 and above) represent 22.1% of the population and are projected to exceed 24% by 2025. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the healthcare performance of the elderly in hospitals in Tai'an City, examine the relationships between healthcare management, employee empowerment, innovation, service quality improvement, and healthcare performance, and propose policy recommendations for enhancing healthcare service performance and competitiveness under conditions of population aging.

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative component utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze data from 400 valid questionnaires collected from hospital officers across 112 hospitals in Tai'an City using stratified random sampling. The qualitative component involved in-depth interviews with 10 key informants, including hospital administrators, health commission officials, doctors, and nurses with over 10 years of experience. The conceptual framework examined three independent variables (healthcare management, employee empowerment, innovation), one mediating variable (service quality improvement), and one dependent variable (healthcare performance).

Results: All ten research hypotheses were supported. Healthcare management (β=0.522, p<0.001), employee empowerment (β=0.367, p<0.001), and innovation (β=0.261, p<0.001) significantly positively influenced service quality improvement. Service quality improvement significantly positively influenced healthcare performance (β=0.613, p<0.001). Direct positive effects were also found from healthcare management (β=0.140, p<0.01), employee empowerment (β=0.060, p<0.01), and innovation (β=0.224, p<0.001) on healthcare performance. Significant indirect effects were confirmed through service quality improvement, with healthcare management (0.320), employee empowerment (0.225), and innovation (0.160) all positively influencing healthcare performance via the mediating role of service quality improvement.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that healthcare management, employee empowerment, and innovation are critical factors influencing healthcare performance for elderly patients, with service quality improvement serving as a crucial mediating mechanism. The findings provide evidence-based guidance for hospital administrators and policymakers to develop comprehensive strategies addressing population aging challenges. Key recommendations include strengthening medical-nursing integrated elderly care institutions, enhancing employee professional development and job satisfaction, promoting smart healthcare platform innovations, and implementing patient-centered service quality improvement initiatives.

Model for Decoding Symbols in the Taishan Stone Culture

Ruiduan Yao — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: Taishan stone culture, a UNESCO World Heritage site, embodies rich symbolic meanings spanning nature worship, imperial rituals, and folk beliefs. Current research faces fragmentation in symbolic interpretation and lacks systematic digital archive models. This study aims to: (1) analyze symbolic components, artistic structures, and cultural values of Taishan stone culture; (2) develop a symbol decoding model for digital archive construction; and (3) evaluate the model's scientificity, operability, and applicability.

Methodology: This qualitative research employs a three-stage design: theoretical and documentary analysis of 230+ academic sources; symbolic decoding through semiotic frameworks (Saussure, Peirce, Barthes); and model construction with expert evaluation (N=10), including researchers, inheritors, conservators, and creative industry professionals.

Results: Four core cultural connotations were identified: natural sacredness, religious belief, imperial authority, and folk customs. A multi-dimensional symbol decoding model was constructed with three layers (natural, cultural, artistic elements) and four analytical dimensions (formal, semantic, spatiotemporal, stakeholder). Expert evaluation indicated scientific validity (mean 4.6/5), operability (4.4/5), and applicability (4.5/5).

Conclusion: The model provides a systematic framework for interpreting Taishan stone symbols and transforming cultural elements into structured data for digital archiving, bridging traditional heritage research and modern digital preservation.

Strategy Management: The Innovation, Development, and Integration of Chinese Traditional Cultural Elements and Fan Arts of Zhejiang Province

Qiang Shu — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: The sustainable management of traditional cultural heritage in modern cultural industries presents a critical challenge: how can traditional art forms be preserved authentically while being innovated sufficiently to remain economically and culturally viable? Chinese fan art, with over 3,000 years of inheritance history, constitutes a unique "material-intangible cultural complex" that integrates craftsmanship, aesthetics, and philosophical connotations. As both a cultural symbol and a cultural industry product, fan art occupies a dual role at the intersection of artistic heritage and strategic management theory. However, it faces structural threats including technical discontinuity, cultural dilution through superficial symbol use, and fragmented heritage protection. This study aims to: (1) analyze the cultural significance and heritage management challenges of traditional fan art; (2) synthesize strategic management approaches for innovative development and cultural integration; and (3) establish a strategic management framework integrating technology, market development, talent cultivation, and policy support for sustainable cultural heritage management.

Methodology: This study adopts a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative consumer survey data with qualitative fieldwork, to capture both measurable market behavior and interpretive cultural dimensions of fan art innovation. Data were collected across three representative fan-making regions—Suzhou (Jiangnan elegance), Guangzhou (Lingnan exquisiteness), and Chengdu (southwestern simplicity)—selected for their distinct cultural profiles and management environments. Research instruments included a structured consumer questionnaire (n = 400), semi-structured interviews with sixty practitioners, and five cross-regional case studies, analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, thematic coding, and PEST/SWOT frameworks.

Results: Three key findings emerged: (1) Consumers aged 18–35 constitute the dominant market segment, preferring creative and functional products in the 50–200 yuan price range, with auspicious patterns and classical poems as leading design preferences; (2) In-depth thematic cultural integration significantly outperforms superficial symbol placement in consumer satisfaction, with products achieving a 40–60% tradition-modernity balance dominating bestseller lists; (3) Critical bottlenecks include composite talent shortages and a fragmented industry structure, while an integrated "cultural inheritance–industrial innovation educational popularization" strategy has driven substantial profit growth in heritage-strong regions such as Suzhou.

Conclusion: The proposed strategic management framework encompasses four interconnected sustainability dimensions: technical, market, talent, and policy that function together as an integrated system for the dynamic inheritance of traditional fan art. This framework contributes to cultural management literature by demonstrating that heritage protection and industrial innovation need not be opposing forces but can be systematically unified to achieve sustainable cultural economy development.

Development of a Phase-Specific Strength Training Program Integrating Eccentric and Isometric Overload to Improve Jump Serve Ability for Youth Volleyball Players

JiaJun Lu — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: The volleyball jump serve is a highly complex, explosive skill that dictates offensive efficacy. Executing this skill demands precise biomechanical coordination, relying fundamentally on explosive lower-limb power and robust proximal core endurance for aerial stability. While traditional concentric-dominant strength regimens are common, they frequently lack the biomechanical specificity required to optimize these kinetic chain mechanics. This study aimed to develop a phase-specific strength training program integrating eccentric and isometric overload and evaluate its longitudinal efficacy on jump serve speed, target accuracy, and foundational physical metrics in youth volleyball players.

Methodology: A randomized controlled, repeated-measures design (pre-test, mid-test, post-test) was utilized. Thirty elite youth volleyball players (aged 16–18 years) were randomly assigned to two cohorts. The experimental group (n=15) underwent an 8-week phase-specific program compartmentalized into four blocks: anatomical adaptation, maximal strength (supramaximal eccentric loads), power amplification, and integration. The control group (n=15) completed a traditional, volume-matched concentric-dominant regimen. Primary assessments included jump serve speed (radar gun) and accuracy (validated target zones). Secondary metrics evaluated lower-limb power (Countermovement Jump [CMJ]) and core endurance (Plank Test). Data were analyzed using a two-way mixed ANOVA (Group × Time).

Results: Statistical analysis revealed robust Time × Group interaction effects across all dependent variables (p < 0.05). The experimental group demonstrated statistically significant superiority in their developmental trajectory. At post-intervention, the experimental cohort's jump serve speed (75.94 ± 2.88 km/h) and accuracy (8.03 ± 0.96 points) significantly outperformed the control group (70.14 ± 3.12 km/h; 6.71 ± 1.02 points). Concurrently, CMJ displacement and plank duration exhibited substantially larger gains in the experimental cohort, supported by very large effect sizes.

Conclusion: Systematically integrating eccentric and isometric overload within a periodized framework optimally fortifies the proximal-to-distal kinetic chain. This approach yields superior neuromuscular adaptations, significantly enhancing jump serve velocity and spatial precision compared to traditional methods.

The Impact of Digital Literacy on Chinese Female College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Attitude

Wang Li — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: Against the backdrop of the deep integration of the digital economy and national entrepreneurship promotion strategies, digital literacy has become a key competency for college students to engage in entrepreneurship. Chinese female college students, as an important part of the entrepreneurial group, face unique opportunities and challenges in the digital era. This study, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, aims to clarify the relationship between digital literacy and entrepreneurial intention among female college students from Yunnan province, verify the mediating role of entrepreneurial attitude, and provide theoretical contributions and practical implications for improving their entrepreneurial willingness and promoting gender equality in entrepreneurship.

Methodology: A quantitative survey of 595 Chinese female college students in different regions and disciplines was conducted using structured questionnaires. The collected data were processed and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping for mediation testing with statistical software, including SPSS and AMOS, including descriptive statistics, reliability and validity testing, and structural equation modeling to test the research hypotheses and verify the mediating effect.

Results: The research results show that: (1) Digital literacy of Chinese female college students has significant positive impacts on their entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial intention respectively (Path Coefficients=0.601 and 0.498); (2) Entrepreneurial attitude has a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial intention (Path Coefficients=0.271); (3) Entrepreneurial attitude plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between digital literacy and entrepreneurial intention of Chinese female college students. Specifically, digital literacy can not only directly promote entrepreneurial intention but also indirectly affect it by shaping a positive entrepreneurial attitude.

Conclusion: Improving digital literacy is an effective way to enhance Chinese female students’ entrepreneurial intention, and a positive entrepreneurial attitude is an important intermediary link in this process. The research enriches the theoretical system of college students’ entrepreneurial intention and provides practical guidance for universities, governments, and relevant institutions to formulate policies and measures.

Model of Causal Factor Affecting the Business Performance of the Garment Industry in Gongqing City, Jiangxi Province

Long Li — 2026-05-24

Background and Aims: The garment industry in Gongqing City, Jiangxi Province, known as China's premier hub for down clothing, faces a critical strategic transition from original equipment manufacturing (OEM) to a brand-driven competitive model. Despite a rich body of marketing scholarship on advertising effectiveness and brand equity, limited empirical attention has been given to the psychological mechanisms through which advertising translates into measurable business outcomes in culturally distinctive regional industrial clusters. Drawing on brand equity theory, the hierarchy-of-effects model, and the resource-based view, this study aimed to: (1) identify key causal factors affecting business performance (BP); (2) analyze the causal relationships among advertising exposure (AE), brand recognition (BR), emotional connection (EC), and BP; and (3) develop and validate a structural model illustrating how these factors influence BP through dual mediation.

Methodology: A concurrent mixed-methods design was employed to ensure both theoretical rigor and contextual depth. Quantitatively, a questionnaire survey was administered to 420 employees drawn from 20 representative garment enterprises in Gongqing City using stratified random sampling. Constructs were measured using validated scales adapted from established marketing research on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via AMOS, preceded by reliability (Cronbach α), convergent validity (Average Variance Extracted), and discriminant validity assessments. Qualitatively, semi-structured interviews with 15 industry experts provided contextual explanations of the quantitative patterns.

Results: All seven hypotheses were supported. AE exerted a significant direct effect on BP (β=0.25), as well as strong positive effects on BR (β=0.90) and EC (β=0.57). BR and EC, in turn, significantly influenced BP (β=0.43 and β=0.39, respectively). Critically, indirect effects through BR (β=0.387) and EC (β=0.222) together accounted for 70.9% of AE's total effect (β=0.859) on BP, revealing that the predominant pathway from advertising to performance is psychological rather than direct. The structural model demonstrated excellent fit (χ²/df=0.864, RMSEA=0.000, GFI=0.967, NFI=0.959). Qualitative findings identified Douyin live-streaming, local ‘red culture’ storytelling, and eco-friendly branding as concrete mechanisms amplifying these mediation pathways.

Conclusion: This study advances marketing theory by validating a dual-mediation model in which AE influences BP primarily through sequential cognitive and affective pathways. The disproportionate magnitude of indirect effects representing 70.9% of total advertising impact challenges the conventional emphasis on direct advertising returns and signals a paradigm shift toward psychologically driven brand management for SMEs in manufacturing-based clusters. Practically, the findings provide a strategic framework for Gongqing garment enterprises to realign marketing investments from output-based advertising toward brand equity cultivation and emotionally resonant communication.

Guidelines for Capacity Development of Village Health Volunteers in Health Care for Floating Population in Nong Na Saeng Subdistrict, Mueang District, Chaiyaphum Province

Pratintip Prungchaiyaphum — 2026-05-25

Background and Aims: The Thai public health system possesses a strong structure, with village health volunteers serving as its core. Nevertheless, providing care for hidden or hard-to-reach populations remains a persistent challenge, requiring coordinated policy measures and community engagement to ensure comprehensive and sustainable healthcare. Developing village health volunteers' capacity to effectively serve these populations is therefore critically important. Chaiyaphum is one of the provinces in the Northeast with a significant latent population (non-registered residents). In 2024, the latent population reached 14,600 people (Social Statistics Division, National Statistical Office, 2025). Nong Na Saeng Sub-district, Mueang District, Chaiyaphum Province, is one of the areas facing this issue. The latent population is distributed across several villages, particularly in Ban Nong Na Saeng, Nong Ngong, and Huai Lua, with approximately 400 residents (Interview with the President of the Nong Na Saeng Subdistrict Administrative Organization, 2023). This study aims to: (1) assess the capacity of village health volunteers in delivering healthcare to hidden populations in Nong Na Saeng Subdistrict, Mueang District, Chaiyaphum Province, and (2) identify strategies for enhancing their capacity to provide such care.

Methodology: This study employed a qualitative research design. The participants were divided into two groups: the in-depth interview group, comprising 30 individuals (26 village health volunteers and 4 healthcare personnel), and the focus group discussion group, comprising 21 individuals (3 village health volunteer leaders, 15 community leaders, 2 directors of Subdistrict Health Promotion Hospitals, and 1 provincial-level public health officer). Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, and analyzed using content analysis.

Results: 1) Potential of Village Health Volunteers in Caring for Hidden Populations The potential of village health volunteers in providing healthcare for hidden populations can be categorized into four dimensions: (1) Knowledge – the understanding and information necessary for effective care. (2) Skills – the practical abilities required to perform health-related tasks. (3) Attitudes and Motivation – the mindset, commitment, and willingness to serve the population. (4) Supporting Factors and Barriers – external influences that facilitate or hinder the volunteers’ effectiveness. 2) Strategies for Enhancing the Potential of Village Health Volunteers in Caring for Hidden Populations. The development strategies comprise six key components: (1) Knowledge and Understanding Development – enhancing theoretical and practical understanding of health issues. (2) Operational Skills Development – improving practical competencies required for community health activities. (3) Development of Tools and Support Systems – providing appropriate instruments, resources, and organizational support. (4) Supervision System Development – establishing effective monitoring and guidance mechanisms. (5) Motivation and Recognition – fostering incentives and acknowledging volunteer contributions. (6) Multi-Sectoral Participation – encouraging collaboration among all relevant stakeholders to support volunteer activities.

Conclusion: 1) The potential of village health volunteers in caring for hidden populations in Nong Na Saeng Subdistrict, Mueang District, Chaiyaphum Province. Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) possess basic knowledge in public health but still lack specialized knowledge in caring for hidden populations. This aligns with the study by Praipawan Danpradit et al. (2019), which found that VHVs have limited knowledge in elderly care and require further development in this area. The lack of specialized knowledge among VHVs is understandable, as caring for hidden populations is a new area without formal training and is more complex than general public care. The areas where VHVs lack the most knowledge are the use of technology in healthcare and knowledge about healthcare rights. This corresponds with the study by Patchara Chomphuwiset (2022), which highlighted the greatest need for developing competencies in digital technology, particularly the ability to use the Smart VHV application for health screening and assessment. It also aligns with Wuttipong Khongthong and Wisanu Sumitsawan (2024), who suggested that the Ministry of Public Health should support VHVs in using applications for their work, encourage continuous learning to enhance their knowledge, and further develop the Smart VHV application to cover more community health tasks. 2) Guidelines for developing the potential of village health volunteers in caring for the health of hidden populations in Nong Na Saeng Subdistrict, Mueang District, Chaiyaphum Province. These guidelines are consistent with the Development Potential Diffusion Theory. VHVs are an essential human resource for community health care and can enhance their knowledge and skills through training or various learning methods. They receive support from leaders, including staff at the Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital and community leaders, who provide supervision and consultation continuously. Moreover, improving communication between hidden populations and the community ensures that these populations receive comprehensive and equitable health care.

Corporate Income Tax Planning under Real Earnings Management: Evidence from Thai Listed Firms

Aukkarawit Robkob — 2026-05-25

Background and Aim: Corporate income tax planning constitutes a critical organizational strategy for minimizing tax burdens and maximizing after-tax returns to shareholders. However, research within the Thai capital market context lacks systematic investigation explaining the concurrent use of real earnings management (REM) and tax planning among listed companies—particularly the theoretically grounded linkage between tax avoidance behavior and real activities manipulation within the frameworks of Agency Theory and the Political Cost Hypothesis. This study, therefore, examines the association between corporate income tax planning and REM among companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET).

Methodology: The study employs secondary data from SET-listed firms over the period 2016–2019, analyzed using cross-sectional multiple regression models. Tax planning is measured via the effective tax rate (ETR) and cash effective tax rate (CETR), while REM is operationalized through four proxy variables: abnormal cash flows from operations (R_CFO), abnormal production costs (R_PROD), abnormal discretionary expenditures (R_EXP), and abnormal gains on asset disposals (R_GAIN). Primary analytical weight is accorded to R_EXP and R_GAIN as proxies most meaningfully associated with tax planning-motivated REM behavior.

Findings: R_EXP and R_GAIN exhibit statistically significant negative associations with both ETR and CETR, consistent with managerial behavior involving the reduction of discretionary expenditures and strategic timing of asset disposals to simultaneously enhance reported earnings and reduce tax liability. R_CFO and R_PROD yield no significant associations, attributable to their comparatively higher economic costs of execution. Multinational firms (MNF) demonstrate more pronounced REM–tax planning associations relative to domestic firms, particularly through the R_EXP and R_PROD channels. All findings constitute associational evidence and do not support causal inference, given the cross-sectional research design.

Conclusions: The study generates actionable insights for regulators, auditors, and investors in assessing earnings quality and tax risk exposure among SET-listed firms, while advancing theoretical understanding of the intersection between tax avoidance behavior and real activities manipulation in an emerging capital market context.