Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal

Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Behavioral Science and Social Science Research

Sunan Siphai — 2024-10-08

Background and Aims: Confirmatory Factor Analysis is a widely used statistical method in the research of behavioral science, and social science, it aims to explore and identify common factors that can explain the relationship between observed variables.

Methodology: This study is a literature review study related to the study of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The content analysis was conducted and the descriptive presentation was presented according to the important issues.

Results: The result is to reduce the observed variables by creating new ones with common factors. In behavioral science and social science research, confirmatory factor analysis is used to confirm a measurement model with empirical data, where the researcher has a theory, and a measurement model, and knows in advance how many factors formed from variables. This information will be taken from the review of related literature, theories, documents, and research. A clear conceptual framework will be defined. A measurement model will be created with known names and numbers of factors and variables. Relationships between factors and observed variables or indicators are determined in advance before proceeding with data analysis of measurement models, such as transformational leadership, instructional leadership, strategic leadership, visionary leadership, innovative leadership, educational leadership, ethical leadership, creative leadership, and transcendental leadership.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of confirmatory factor analysis in behavioral and social science research, in which predefined measurement models based on theory and literature are validated using empirical data. This process clarifies the relationships between leadership types and observed variables, ensuring that the conceptual framework accurately represents the underlying factors.

Educational Institution Administration using the Principles of Good Governance by Educational Institution Administrators under the Jurisdiction of the Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Chenchira Ngorkngam — 2024-10-08

Background and Aims: Successful human resource management. It is critical to rely on good management principles. Both the public and private sectors can use it for administration purposes. Good governance is a principle that is widely applied in modern administration. The objectives of this research are to 1) study educational institution administration using Dhamma principles; and governance of educational institution administrators. Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. 2) Compare educational institution administration based on good governance principles for administrators. The Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 is responsible for classifying educational levels. Work experience and size of the educational institution. 3) Research guidelines for developing educational institution administration based on the principles of good governance for educational institution administrators. Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 3.

Methodology: This study used a sample of 341 school administrators and teachers. The sample size was determined using Krejci and Morgan's table and randomly assigned to groups. The research tool was a 5-point rating scale questionnaire. The consistency index ranged between 0.80 and 1.00, and the overall reliability of the questionnaire was 0.87. Statistics used for data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-value, and F-value tests.

Results: The study's findings revealed that: (1) Educational institution administrators apply good governance principles. Under the jurisdiction of the Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, the overall level is high. (2) Comparing opinions on school administration among administrators based on good governance principles. Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office Area 3 is responsible for categorizing students by educational level. Work experience and the size of educational institutions It was discovered that the overall and individual aspects were not different. (3) Guidelines for promoting educational institution administration using good governance principles by educational institution administrators under the jurisdiction of the Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 3, which consists of six areas: 1) The rule of law requires administrators to follow the principles of correctness. This means that the problem is being considered and diagnosed. Making decisions and issuing orders in accordance with national law and civil servant rules, regulations, and discipline, as well as teacher ethics. 2) The principle of morality requires executives to follow the principle of appropriateness, which means knowing how to think, speak, conduct business, and perform work in the appropriate time, person, society, and situation. 3) The principle of transparency. Executives must adhere to the principle of innocence, which requires a diagnosis. Order that work be completed with honesty, that is, with intention and pure, transparent thoughts. Use information systems that can be verified at any time. 4) The principle of participation requires administrators to allow those with a stake in the provision of education, such as teachers, students, parents, and members of the community, to participate in educational projects and activities held throughout the academic year in the form of committees. 5) The principle of responsibility requires executives to take responsibility for their duties and results in relation to the goals they have set. That responsibility should be on a level that meets public expectations. 6) The principle of value for money applies to the management and utilization of available resources. Limited to provide the greatest benefit to the public. By encouraging Thai people to be frugal and make good use of their resources. Create high-quality products and services capable of competing on a global scale while also ensuring the sustainability of natural resources.

Conclusion: The study found that educational institution administration under Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 adheres to good governance principles. Furthermore, there are no significant differences in attitudes toward governance-based school administration across educational levels, work experiences, or school sizes. The promotion of good governance in these institutions emphasizes six key principles: rule of law, morality, transparency, participation, responsibility, and value for money, all of which aim to improve educational effectiveness and accountability.

Transformational Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Sa Kaeo Province

Chutidej Kulchottananon — 2024-10-08

Background and Aims: Transformational leadership is essential because it inspires and motivates people to exceed their expectations, thereby encouraging innovation and personal growth. This leadership style promotes organizational change by fostering a shared vision and empowering team members to take ownership of their roles. The goals of this research are to: 1) investigate the level of transformational leadership among educational institution administrators. Sa Kaeo Province is administered by the Office of the Vocational Education Commission. 2) Compare the transformational leadership of educational institution administrators under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Sa Kaeo Province. Positions are classified based on their level of education and experience. 3) Investigate guidelines for fostering transformational leadership among school administrators. Sa Kaeo Province is administered by the Office of the Vocational Education Commission.

Methodology: This study used a sample of 86 school administrators and teachers. The sample size was calculated using Krejci and Morgan's table and divided randomly into groups. The research instrument was a 5-level rating scale questionnaire with a consistency index ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, and the overall reliability was 0.84. Data analysis statistics include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-value, and F-value tests.

Results: The study found that: (1) transformational leadership of educational institution administrators under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Sa Kaeo Province. Overall, it is of a high standard. When each aspect was examined, it was discovered that the aspect with the highest average was influenced by ideology, followed by stimulating the use of intelligence. In terms of individuality, the inspiration aspect has the lowest average. (2) A comparison of school administrators' perspectives on transformational leadership. Sa Kaeo Province's Office of the Vocational Education Commission classifies jobs based on position, education level, and experience. It was discovered that the overall and individual aspects were not different. (3) Guidelines for encouraging the development of Transformational leadership of educational institution administrators under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission include four aspects: 1) Ideology-based influence, 2) Inspiration, 3) Intelligence-based stimulation, and 4) Individuality consideration.

Conclusion: According to the research, transformational leadership is prevalent among Sa Kaeo Province administrators, with ideological influence being the strongest and inspiration being the lowest. There were no differences based on position, education, or experience, and development is centered on four key areas: influence, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration.

Academic Administration of Administrators of Technical Colleges under the Office Vocational Education Khon Kaen Province

Weerapat Nampanya — 2024-10-08

Background and Aims: A study of academic administration of administrators of technical colleges under the jurisdiction of the Vocational Education Office in Khon Kaen province. The goal is to investigate and compare the academic administration of administrators from technical colleges under the Khon Kaen Vocational Education Office, stratified by gender, education level, and work experience.

Methodology: The population for this study consisted of 487 technical college teachers employed by the Khon Kaen Vocational Education Office during the academic year 2023, with a sample size of 215 people. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan tables and obtained via stratified random sampling. The research tool is a questionnaire. It has the characteristics of a five-level estimation scale. It inquires about the academic administration of administrators at technical colleges managed by the Khon Kaen Vocational Education Office. The confidence level is 0.95. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and testing statistics are all examples of data analysis statistics. The t-test and F-test are included as assumptions.

Results: The findings revealed that (1) A study of academic administration among administrators of technical colleges under the jurisdiction of the Vocational Education Office in Khon Kaen Province. Overall, it is of a high standard. (2) Academic administration of administrators of technical colleges under the Khon Kaen Vocational Education Office, classified by gender and work experience, with no differences in any aspect. (3) Academic administration of administrators from technical colleges overseen by the Khon Kaen Vocational Education Office. Classified education level Overall, there is no difference. However, when considering all aspects of teachers with work experience In terms of curriculum development. The measurement and evaluation work, as well as the teaching media, differ with a statistical significance level of.05.

Conclusion: The study discovered that academic administration among technical college administrators in Khon Kaen Province is of high quality overall, with no significant differences by gender or education level. However, differences in curriculum development, assessment, and teaching media were found based on teachers' work experience, with a statistical significance level of.05.

Temporary Labor Migration from Sri Lanka to Gulf Cooperation Countries: Analyzing Labor Trafficking Amidst the Financial Crisis

Niruka Sanjeewani — 2024-10-08

Background and Aims: The financial crisis in Sri Lanka (SL) has marked a significant growth in temporary labor migration to Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC). Temporary labor migration refers to migration from one state to another in pursuit of employment opportunities for a temporary period. The National Policy on Migration for Employment (NPME) and the National Action Plan of SL asserted the importance of developing labor migration policies in response to the country’s severe need for remittances during the financial crisis. A financial crisis occurs when a country's expenditure exceeds its national income, resulting in a shortage of goods and services for its citizens. Along with this understanding, this paper examines how the temporary labor migration from SL to GCC has developed in response to the financial crisis in the country. It argues that reforming labor migration policies solely based on remittance does not appear to be adequate to protect migrants from trafficking. In this setting, the key research question is how labor trafficking has risen amidst the financial crisis in SL.

Methodology: In this study, Delphi indicators have been utilized to identify the demarcations of labor trafficking. The data was collected from thirty interviews conducted with family members of labor migrants who migrated to GCC in 2022.

Results: The results indicate that shortcomings in the governance of labor migration during the financial crisis in SL have led to an increase in labor trafficking.

Conclusion: The paper concludes with the discursive, implementation, and efficacy gaps in the governance of labor migration and suggests a right-based framework to guarantee equitable recruitment procedures.

The Study of Teacher-child Relationship Competencies of Early Childhood Teachers in Oab-ruk Affiliated Schools (Pseudonym)

Waraporn Prachoom — 2024-10-08

Background and Aims: Early childhood educators can cultivate positive relationships with children by valuing and appreciating each child's individual qualities. Children should receive an education that is tailored to their individual needs and abilities, taking into account their humanity in a setting that differs from that of adults. This exploratory research aims to study the competencies of early childhood teachers in the relationship between teachers and children in the Obrak School Group (pseudonyms) in 6 areas: 1) respecting individual differences, 2) accepting commonality, 3) respecting diversity, 4) building psychological attachment and safety, 5) Uses of language and tone reflecting respect, and 6) building trust.

Methodology: The sample group used to collect quantitative data was 103 people and qualitative data was 18 people. Tools used in the research included questionnaires, behavioral observation forms, interviews, and surveys. Data were analyzed using statistics of mean values, percentage values, standard deviation and content analysis.

Results: Early childhood educators are highly competent in their interactions with students. Taking into account all the factors, it was discovered that the use of language and tone of voice that conveys acceptance and respect is highly proficient. has the highest average score, with building trust coming in second. Increasing psychological safety and engagement, appreciating each child's individuality, accepting age, developmental, and ability differences, and valuing diversity within the framework of a multicultural society are all important. Examine the early childhood teachers' trust-related competencies were the ones that caused the most issues in the relationships between teachers and students in the Obrak School Group (pseudonyms). When it comes to teaching kids how to follow routines and activities. Respect for diversity in a multicultural society comes next. Regarding the subject of embracing linguistic, religious, and multicultural diversity.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate how exceptionally skilled early childhood educators are at creating positive interactions, especially when they use language and tone that communicates acceptance and respect—a crucial component in developing trust. To improve teacher-student relationships, it is crucial to address trust-related competencies, with a particular focus on embracing linguistic, religious, and multicultural diversity for inclusive education. Nevertheless, challenges primarily stem from these competencies.

Quality of Life and Work-Life Balance Among Veterinarians Working in Bangkok and Vicinity: A Comparative Study of Generation X and Generation Y

Kanthaya Sanguanwong — 2024-10-08

Background and Aims: Veterinary medicine is a popular profession in Thailand, and the concepts of quality of life and work-life balance are becoming increasingly prevalent. Understanding the factors that influence job satisfaction and happiness among veterinarians can benefit both individuals and organizations. This research aims to (1) study the quality of life and work-life balance of veterinarians in Bangkok and its vicinity: Generation X and Generation Y, and (2) compare the differences in quality of life and work-life balance between the two generations of veterinarians working in Bangkok and its vicinity.

Methodology: This research uses a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews and open-ended questions. Data were collected and analyzed using content analysis. The participants included 20 veterinarians: 5 from Generation X working in the public sector, 5 in the private sector, and 5 from Generation Y working in the public sector, and 5 in the private sector.

Result: The study found that Generation X veterinarians working in the private sector reported a higher quality of life and better work-life balance compared to their counterparts in the public sector. Factors contributing to this included age, work experience, compensation, social status, managerial positions, and business ownership, all of which enhanced their quality of life and work-life balance. On the other hand, Generation Y veterinarians in the public sector reported a higher quality of life compared to those in the private sector. This was attributed to clearer career progression and development opportunities in the public sector, which were more systematic than in the private sector. Although the number of working hours was greater, the resulting benefits positively impacted their career advancement. Despite higher compensation in the private sector, public sector veterinarians benefited from better healthcare benefits and retirement planning, which were more robustly supported than in the private sector.

Conclusion: The research findings show that Generation X and Generation Y veterinarians working in both the public and private sectors have different attitudes towards quality of life and work-life balance. They strongly agree on the importance of creating quality of life and work-life balance at work. However, differences were found in factors such as work environment, career advancement and development, compensation and benefits, and basic work-life balance. Therefore, the private sector should improve work policies, engage in discussions with employees to enhance quality of life and work-life balance, and improve benefits to increase satisfaction and organizational commitment. The public sector should improve compensation to motivate veterinarians to work for the organization.

Development of Augmented Reality Media to Promote Learning about Organic Farming

Phakhin Srimultri — 2024-10-10

Background and Aims: The development of augmented reality (AR) media for organic farming education is critical because it provides interactive, immersive learning experiences that help students visualize complex concepts and techniques more effectively. This novel approach increases understanding and engagement, making organic farming more accessible and appealing. Thus, the purpose of this study was to: 1) create augmented reality (AR) media to promote learning about organic farming; 2) investigate the perception of AR media in promoting organic farming learning; and 3) assess satisfaction with AR media in promoting organic farming learning.

Methodology: The sample groups for this study were: 1) 10 key informants from the case study area, and 2) 100 farmers who visited the Yang Pho Khaen Community Enterprise Group in Hua Khwang Subdistrict, Kosum Phisai District, Maha Sarakham Province. The farmers were chosen through a purposive sampling method. The research tools included: 1) a semi-structured interview guide for key informants in the case study area; 2) augmented reality media to promote learning about organic farming; 3) a media quality assessment form evaluated by experts; and 4) perception and satisfaction assessments. The data were analyzed with mean and standard deviation statistics.

Results: The research findings are as follows: (1) Organic farming entails 1) organic planting and animal husbandry, 2) organic soil and water management, 3) organic pest control, and 4) the management of organic waste and reusable materials. (2) The development and evaluation of the quality of augmented reality media to promote learning about organic farming were conducted according to the design principles of the ADDIE Model, which consists of five major steps: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Application, and 5) Evaluation. (3) The media evaluation by experts revealed that the quality of the media was at the highest level, especially in terms of content, design, interaction, and presentation techniques, with a mean value of 4.84 and a standard deviation of 0.32, indicating the highest quality. (4) Farmers are the most aware of augmented reality media in organic farming, with a mean score of 4.71 and a standard deviation of 0.12. The results of each item examination revealed that all items demonstrated the highest level of awareness. Furthermore, the sample group reported the highest level of satisfaction with augmented reality media for organic farming, with a mean of 4.81 and a standard deviation of 0.05, indicating the highest level of satisfaction across all items. This augmented reality media produced positive results in terms of quality, awareness, and satisfaction from the sample group, confirming the media's effectiveness in effectively promoting learning about organic farming while also meeting the needs of the users.

Norms Physical Fitness Students’ Faculty of Sport Science and Technology Bangkokthonburi University in Academic Year 2023

Kiattiwat Watchayakarn — 2024-10-10

Background and Aims: Sports are thought to be the cornerstone for improving health, allowing people to live regular, happy lives, and successfully preventing illnesses. Furthermore, there are initiatives underway in many nations to educate and increase public awareness regarding appropriate physical activity and sports following population characteristics. Thus, this research aims to 1) study the physical fitness of students in the Faculty of Sports Science and Technology. Bangkok Thonburi University Bachelor's degree physical education branch and sports science branch, and 2) create normal physical fitness criteria for students in the Faculty of Sports Science and Technology. Bangkokthonburi University Bachelor's Degree Physical Education and Sports Science

Research methods: The target population is students of the Faculty of Sports Science and Technology. Bangkok Thonburi University Bachelor's degree There were 321 students in the Physical Education and Sports Science fields, 210 were male students and 111 were female students. They were selected through specific selection. The instrument used for data collection was an international standard physical fitness test. (International Committee for the Standardization of Physical Fitness Test = ICSPFT) analyzed the data by averaging. Standard deviation and t-score

Research results: (1) Physical fitness of male and female students in the 50-meter sprint test, the averages were 6.64 seconds and 7.68 seconds, standard deviations were 0.48 and 0.50. Standing long jump, the averages were 208.33 centimeters and 177.83 centimeters, standard deviations were 12.96 and 13.63. Grip strength the dominant hand test was the mean values were 41.86 kilograms and 30.33 kilograms, standard deviations were 3.85 and 3.25. 30 seconds sit up had a mean of 26.67 times and 19.47 times, standard deviations were 4.19 and 4.15. Male pull-ups test had a mean of 8.34 time and females bending the arms to hang test had a mean of 11.06 seconds, standard deviations of 3.53 and 6.44. Shuttle Run had a mean of 11.19 seconds and 12.40 seconds, standard deviations of 0.56 and 1.03. Sit & Reach, the averages were 7.32 and 15.22 centimeters, standard deviations were 5.62 and 5.39. Running a distance of 1,000 meters test for men had an average of 4.41 minutes/second and running a distance of 800 meters test for women had a mean of 5.08 minutes/second, the standard deviation was 0.27 and 0.26 (2) Norms physical fitness criteria for male and female students. Very high corresponds to tee scores of 67 and above and 65 and above. High corresponds to tee scores of 59–66 and 58–64. Moderate corresponds to tee scores of 42–58 and 43–57. Low corresponds to tee scores of 42–58 and 43–57. 34–41 and 36–42 very low correspond to tee scores of 33 and 35 and below, respectively.

Conclusion: This paper contrasted the findings of student research on physical fitness with the Sports Science Office, Department of Physical Education, 2019 physical fitness guidelines for individuals aged 19 to 59. 1) Strength was discovered to be at a moderate level. 2) There is little endurance. 3) There is little power 4) Moderate agility Sixth, there is moderate speed and low flexibility.

The Role of Member of Parliament to Inspect the Usage of State Fiscal under The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand

Karam Phonphonklang — 2024-10-11

Background and Aims: The research reveals that Thailand is governed under a democratic system where sovereignty belongs to the people, who elect MPs to represent them in overseeing national budget expenditures based on principles and methods prescribed by the Thai Constitution and supplementary laws. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and responsibilities of members of the House of Representatives in scrutinizing the use of the national budget under the Kingdom of Thailand Constitution.

Methodology: This study examines academic documents and related laws and provides a descriptive presentation based on the study objectives.

Result: The finding found that Public finance must align with democratic principles, which include tax collection and the consent to public expenditure as fundamental fiscal principles. All expenditures and borrowings must be approved by the Parliament as representatives of the people. However, the principles, methods, and legal measures in the budgeting process stipulated by the Thai Constitution grant MPs limited power over the entire budgeting process. MPs can only review the budget once the annual budget bill is drafted and submitted to the House of Representatives for approval. This constraint creates challenges and limitations in budget oversight. For instance, Section 143 of the 2017 Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand (B.E. 2560) mandates that the House of Representatives must analyze and consider the annual budget bill within 105 days of its submission. If the House fails to do so, the bill is considered approved and forwarded to the Senate. Additionally, Section 144 of the 2017 Constitution restricts MPs' discretionary power. It prohibits MPs, Senators, and committees involved in drafting the Annual Appropriations Budget Bill, Mid-Year Budget Bill, and Budget Transfer Bill from proposing amendments that increase budget allocations. This provision aims to prevent MPs, Senators, and committees related to the Budget Bills from influencing budget allocations directly or indirectly, addressing issues with MPs' discretion in using funds for constituency projects, which was a problem in the past. The researcher argues that the amendment of budget items or amounts differs from past practices where MPs directly controlled budget usage. Currently, any amendments must align with state projects where state agencies are the fund users, not MPs. Limiting MPs' discretion in deciding on state projects restricts their representative authority to utilize funds for public benefit. The researcher suggests expanding MPs' authority to cover the entire budgeting process and establishing clear legal frameworks for efficient and transparent budget oversight. This requires amending laws, including the Thai Constitution, the organic laws, the Budget Procedure Act B.E. 2561 (2018), and the House of Representatives meeting regulations of 2019, to empower MPs in controlling and overseeing the budgeting process from drafting to expenditure monitoring.

Conclusion: The findings highlight a significant limitation in the Thai budgeting process: MPs have limited power to influence and oversee budget decisions. The current legal framework restricts MPs' discretion, limiting their role to budget approval with no direct control over amendments or allocations. To improve transparency and public benefit, the study recommends amending relevant laws, including the Constitution, to give MPs more authority throughout the budgeting process.

Human Resource Management and Organizational Commitment of Military Officers in the 151st Infantry Regiment, Narathiwat Province

Jakkpong Amnouychai — 2024-10-11

Background and Aims: Effective Human Resource Management that fosters employee engagement in military regiments holds immense significance for overall Human Resource Management, positively impacting the organization, personnel, and society as a whole. This Article aimed to study (1) The level of human resource management of military officials in the 151st Infantry Regiment, Narathiwat Province. (2) The level of engagement of military officials in the 151st Infantry Regiment, Narathiwat Province. (3) Human resource management that affects the engagement of military officials in the 151st Infantry Regiment, Narathiwat Province. (4) The influence of variables affecting the engagement of military officials in the 151st Infantry Regiment, Narathiwat Province.

Methodology: The sample group There are 300 personnel within the 151st Infantry Regiment, Narathiwat Province, using the Simple Non-proportional Sampling method by using the names of personnel within the 151st Infantry Regiment to draw lots. The tool There are 3 types used in the research: 1) a general information questionnaire of respondents, 2) a questionnaire on human resource management, 3) a questionnaire on information about organizational commitment of military officials in the 151st Infantry Regiment. Data were analyzed using Inferential statistics Multiple regression analysis (Stepwise Multiple regression analysis) to find the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables, percentages, primary variable equations.

Results: In the case of quantitative research The research results found that 1) Human resource management level All have a positive relationship with organizational commitment of military officials in the 151st Infantry Regiment, Narathiwat Province. 2) Relationship between human resource management strategies With the commitment to the organization of military officials in the 151st Infantry Regiment, Narathiwat Province There is a positive relationship with organizational commitment.
3) Human resource management that affects the engagement of military officials in the 151st Infantry Regiment, Narathiwat Province. It is an important factor affecting personnel's commitment to the organization. 4.) The influence of human resource management strategies has the greatest effect on the engagement of military officials.

Conclusion: The results of the research found that the variables with organizational commitment of military officials in the 151st Infantry Regiment, Narathiwat Province overall with statistical significance at the .05 level include training and development with the coefficient equal to 0.251 and in the awarding and salary consideration area the coefficient is equal to 0.251 and the performance evaluation aspect and the recruitment and selection aspect have coefficients equal to 0.246 and 0.223, respectively, which means Training and development, performance evaluation, reward and salary consideration, and recruitment and selection are factors that determine civil servants' commitment to the organization. Soldiers in the Infantry Regiment 151 Narathiwat Province

Factors Influencing on Entrepreneur Characteristics and Strategies Impacting Competitive Advantage in Operating Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Suphanburi Province

Jinda Tubtemdee — 2024-10-11

Background and Aims: Entrepreneurial characteristics such as innovation, risk-taking, and adaptability are critical because they drive the development of unique products and services, providing businesses with a competitive advantage. Strategies such as effective market positioning and leveraging technology strengthen this advantage by distinguishing the company from competitors, resulting in long-term success. Thus, the objectives of this research were: (1) to explore the characteristics of entrepreneurs and business strategies that impact the competitive advantage in operating small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Suphanburi province; (2) to study the characteristics of entrepreneurs that have a direct influence on the competitive advantage in operating small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Suphanburi province; and (3) to examine strategies impacting competitive advantages in operating small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Suphanburi province.

Methodology: This research used a quantitative research model, with a sample group of 400 people determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s formula. Questionnaires were used as the data collection tool. The statistics used for data analysis include percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test for one-way analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: The research results indicated that: 1) the overall characteristics of entrepreneurs and business strategies of entrepreneurs, indicating a high level of agreement; 2) a comparison of the personal factors of the overall sample group showed no statistically significant difference at the .05 level. Factors influencing competitive advantage in the operation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Suphanburi province were found to be the entrepreneurial characteristics of innovative thinking (β = 0.174) and the business strategy of customer relationships (β = 0.412), with the equation having a predictive power of 68%; and 3) recommendations from entrepreneurs must take into account various factors, including sources of funding for the business, by creating innovations to keep up with the changes of the current era.

Conclusion: The study concluded that entrepreneurial characteristics, particularly innovative thinking and business strategies such as customer relationships, have a significant impact on SMEs' competitive advantage. Personal factors, however, showed no significant difference, emphasizing the importance of innovation and strategic customer focus in achieving business success.

Innovative Leadership of School Administrators Affecting Educational Innovator of Teachers under the Office of Bangkok Secondary Education Service Area 2

Chaloemphon Deesawat — 2024-10-15

Background and Aims: Educational quality development focuses on using innovation to develop educational quality. Teachers are important in the teaching and learning system. Creating creative ideas, learning, practicing, and transferring innovations are things that today's teachers must learn more about to develop themselves and develop their teaching processes. If teachers are educational innovators having the ability to apply innovation in teaching and learning, it will be able to raise the level of education and effectively increase the innovation potential of students. Therefore, school administrators must promote a working atmosphere that is conducive to innovation. At the same time, innovative ideas can be used to help solve problems and create various innovations in schools. The purposes of this research are as follows: (1) to study the level of innovative leadership among school administrators; (2) to study the educational level of the innovative teachers; (3) to study the relationship between the innovative leadership of the school administrators and the educational innovator of teachers; and (4) to study innovative leadership of school administrators affecting the educational innovator teachers.

Methodology: The samples in this research were 361 teachers under the authority of the Office of Bangkok Secondary Education Service, Area Two. The instrument used in the research was a five-point estimation scale questionnaire with an IOC Conformity Index between 0.60-1.00, and a confidence value of 0.99. The analysis of the data usage included mean and standard deviation and the hypothesis testing used the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression Analysis-Enter Method.

Conclusion: The research results were as follows: (1) the overall innovative leadership of the school administrators were at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found to be at a high level in all aspects; (2) educational innovator teachers as a whole were at a high level and when considering each aspect, it was found to be at a high level in all aspects; (3) the innovative leadership of school administrators was related to the educational innovation of teachers. It was statistically significant at a level of 0.001, and with a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.712; (4) the innovative leadership of school administrators could also predict the educational innovation of teachers. The innovative leadership of school administrators in all aspects predicted 52.70% of the educational innovators of teachers.

Applying the "Sweet-Talking Community Checkpoint (Positive Communication Community Checkpoint)" Strategy to Promote Helmet Use in Sisaket Province: Lessons Learned and Policy Recommendations

Chayanin Grittiyachote — 2024-10-15

Background and Aims: The helmet-wearing rate among motorcycle riders in Sisaket province was low, especially among passengers. This study aimed to 1) analyze the success factors, challenges, and lessons learned from the implementation of the "Sweet-Talking Community Checkpoint" strategy in the area through the collection and synthesis of relevant documents and field observations, 2) evaluate the effect of the "Sweet-Talking Community Checkpoint" strategy on promoting helmet use among motorcycle riders in Sisaket province by considering the helmet-wearing rates of drivers and passengers in each district, and 3) propose policy recommendations for scaling up and improving the effectiveness and sustainability of the "Sweet-Talking Community Checkpoint" strategy, as well as its application in promoting other road safety behaviors.

Methodology: This study employed qualitative research methods. Data were collected from relevant documents, including performance reports, and guidelines, and through participatory observations during field visits to support the implementation of community checkpoints. The obtained data were analyzed using content analysis to summarize key issues.

Results: The study found that the helmet-wearing rate among motorcycle riders in Sisaket province remained low, particularly among passengers (36.6% for drivers and 21.5% for passengers), with significant differences between districts. Key factors contributing to the success of the "Sweet-Talking Community Checkpoint" measures included community participation, diverse communication strategies, the establishment of leaders and volunteer networks, and continuous reinforcement by the Governor of Sisaket province and his team. However, there were challenges in maintaining long-term motivation, changing traditional values, and ensuring the continuity of campaign activities.

Conclusion: The "Sweet-Talking Community Checkpoint" strategy was an effective tool for promoting helmet use in the area. The implementation should be expanded and extended in the long term, focusing on promoting community participation, using diverse communication strategies, and establishing a mechanism for continuous reinforcement. Additionally, special attention should be given to the passenger group, and the strategy should be expanded to address other risk behaviors related to road safety.

School Administration in the Learning Promotion of Digital-era Teachers

Narin Chumnandoo — 2024-10-15

Background and Aims: Through the provision of necessary resources, training, and support for integrating technology into the classroom, school administration plays a critical role in supporting the learning of teachers in the digital age. A collaborative atmosphere that supports ongoing professional development and cutting-edge teaching techniques is another benefit of effective administration. Thus, this article presents the school administration in the learning promotion of digital-era teachers. This is an era where technology is an important part of daily life and impacts every aspect of learning. School administration must continually adapt to the changes that occur, and the teachers and students must have appropriate support to be able to use technology in learning appropriately and efficiently. School administration is in this era, so there are challenges, the administrator must therefore be alert and adapt to the times.

Methodology: This article is a documentary study and uses content analysis to analyze data.

Results: School administration that promotes teacher learning in the digital age in the form of the UL BEST Model is a model used in designing and developing learning in educational institutions. It focuses on creating a learning environment that supports the development of skills and knowledge suitable for students in today's era of rapid change with technology and social change. The main components of the UL BEST model include; 1) Understanding, 2) Learning, 3) Behavior, 4) Environment, 5) Support, 6) Teamwork & Working together, which is the school administration that promotes digital teacher learning by creating a modern learning environment that is appropriate for students in an era of rapid change with technology and social change. And focus on developing the skills necessary for adapting and preparing to work in different societies and situations in the future.

Conclusion: By creating a contemporary, encouraging, and collaborative learning environment, school administration that makes use of the UL BEST Model successfully supports digital teacher learning. This methodology provides educators and learners with the fundamental abilities and understanding required to prosper in the face of swift advancements in technology and society.

Motivation for Summer Novice Ordination at Wat Pak Bor, Bangkok

Nardnutcha Chauymark — 2024-10-15

Background and Aims: The bulk of Thai society is acknowledged as being Buddhist, and Buddhists of all ages have long been influenced by the ideas and precepts of Buddhism. The purpose of summer novice ordination is to shape young people into good individuals who exhibit desirable behavior in line with the cultural values of Buddhism. Thus, this study aimed to (1) develop a motivation scale for summer novice ordination at Wat Pak Bor, Bangkok, and (2) compare the motivation for summer novice ordination at Wat Pak Bor, Bangkok among students with different experiences in summer novice ordination.

Methodology: In this quantitative study, data was collected using a 28-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The sample for this study included students who participated in the 51st Summer Ordination Project in 2024 at Wat Pak Bor, Bangkok. The minimum sample size calculated using the G*Power 3.1.9.7 program was 118 participants, based on an effect size of 0.50 and a power (1- β err prob) of 0.85, stratified by ordination experiences. To counteract potential data loss, the actual data collection was extended to 137 participants. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, and inferential statistics through the use of the independent samples t-test.

Results: The findings showed that (1) The motivation scale for the summer novice ordination at Wat Pak Bor, Bangkok, had an item-objective congruence (IOC) index of 0.67 to 1.00 The internal consistency reliability of the scale yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86 The item-total correlations were between 0.20 and 0.71. (2) Students with different experiences in summer novice ordination showed significantly different motivations for the summer novice ordination at the 0.05 level (t=-2.50, sig= .01). The group with previous ordination experience had a higher mean score of 3.92 and a standard deviation of 0.48, compared to the group with no ordination experience, which had a mean score of 3.70 and a standard deviation of 0.51.

Conclusion: The research discovered that the Wat Pak Bor, Bangkok, summer novice ordination motivation scale was valid and dependable, with an IOC index ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.86. Furthermore, motivation scores were significantly higher for students who had previously experienced ordination than for those who had not (mean scores of 3.92 vs. 3.70, respectively, p = 0.01).

Development of Training Curriculum on Using English for Pre-service Teachers Aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)

Thanatporn Khattiyanon Punon — 2024-10-15

Background and Aims: This research aims to enhance effectiveness in teaching and learning English. This research aimed to 1) study the basic information and training needs, 2) develop a training curriculum, 3) implement the training curriculum, and 4) evaluate the effectiveness of the English language training program for teacher students, aligned with The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The research was conducted in four phases: 1) studying the basic information and training needs, 2) developing the training curriculum, 3) implementing the training curriculum, and 4) evaluating the effectiveness of the English language training program for teacher students according to The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR).

Methodology: The population consisted of 120 third and fourth-year English major students from the Faculty of Education, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University. The sample used for studying the basic information and training needs in the first phase included 92 third and fourth-year students. The target group for the focus group discussions consisted of 9 English Lecturers, while the sample for the interviews included 20 third and fourth-year English major students from the Faculty of Education, selected through purposive sampling. The second phase's informants were 7 experts and professionals. The target group for implementing and evaluating the training program consisted of 30 English major students from the Faculty of Education, at Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, and 7 experts, selected through purposive sampling. Research tools included questionnaires, interviews, the training curriculum, tests, satisfaction surveys, and an efficiency evaluation form for the curriculum. Statistical analysis methods included percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test (dependent), and One Sample test.

Results: (1) The condition and demand for English language development according to the European Union's language framework were at a moderate level, while the demand for developing English language skills among teacher students was at the highest level. (2) The developed training curriculum consisted of 7 components: 1) background and importance of the problem, 2) curriculum principles, 3) objectives, 4) content, 5) training activities, 6) training media, and 7) evaluation and assessment. The overall appropriateness of the curriculum was rated at the highest level. (3) The implementation of the developed training curriculum showed that students' test scores significantly improved after training at the .01 level, and teacher students who completed the training could pass the RMU_UET exam by the International Relations and Educational Management Office of Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, with 73% passing. Overall satisfaction with the training activities was rated at the highest level. (4) The assessment results of the training curriculum's development included the context, input, process, and product evaluations, with an overall high rating. Evaluation by individual aspects revealed high ratings in all aspects.

Conclusion: In summary, the research findings demonstrate that the developed training curriculum for enhancing English proficiency among students and pre-service teachers based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is effective and enables using the curriculum effectively.

Academic Management Strategies to Improve Learning Achievement of Students at Nong Kung Sri Wittayakarn School Kalasin Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Thawat Phengsalung — 2024-10-16

Background and Aims: A structured environment that improves student learning and attends to individual needs is created by effective academic management strategies, which boosts performance and promotes overall academic success. Schools can systematically accomplish educational goals through the use of data-driven decision-making, targeted interventions, and ongoing teacher development. The paper aims to create, experiment, and evaluate academic management strategies to raise the learning Achievement of students at Nong Kung Sri Wittayakarn School. Kalasin Secondary Educational Service Area Office. There are three steps in the research method: (1) Develop a strategy by reviewing and evaluating the content of the document, speaking with experts, and having seven experts review and validate the plan's appropriateness and viability. Assessments, focus groups, and interviews were the research's instruments. (2) At Nong Kung Sri Witthayakhan School, Kalasin Secondary Educational Service Area Office, with teachers and educational personnel and 959 students in grades 1-6, experiment with academic management strategies to raise the learning Achievement of students in the academic year 2021. (3) Assess instructional strategies to improve students' academic performance at Nong Kung Sri Witthayakhan School from 49 educators in the academic year 2021. Standard deviation and mean are the statistics used. and provide an overview of the data.

Results: (1) There have historically been four directions in educational administration strategy to improve students' learning Achievement at Nong Kung Sri Witthayakhan School, Kalasin Secondary Educational Service Area Center: (1.1) strategic resources to develop learning achievement, five strategies, and strategy Improving the standard of instruction, Methodology. (1.2) Improving the caliber of pupils and methodology, (1.3) Developing instructors and methods of instruction. Methodology, (1.4) Creating educational materials and media. Methodology, (1.5) Fostering community involvement in learning. Additionally, learning Achievement in four learning subject groups—mathematics, science, social studies, religion and culture, and foreign languages—represents direct results (Output) from development. (2) Findings from an experiment at Nong Kung Sri Wittayakarn School that used academic management techniques to improve students' academic performance. The Kalasin Secondary Educational Service Area Office discovered that students exceeded the goal by achieving an overall learning Achievement score of 71.80 in the 2022–2023 school year. and the mean has risen. Based on the 1.2 average score for the academic year 2021. The following are the outcomes of applying the strategy: (2.1) The school curriculum is appropriate and in line with the local area, according to the findings of the academic quality development. Students can select from a range of additional courses based on their aptitude. Skills and Passions Instructors design a lesson plan that lets students practice the material until they can sum it up on their own. (2.2) Students' developed abilities were discovered by the student quality development results. Take initiative to educate yourself. Study as a group Discuss ideas in order to learn from each other. Make it a habit to read studies Possess the capacity for critical thought, analysis, differentiation, and questioning in order to learn more. Present your work and learn with technology. possess the capacity for analytical thought Reach your maximum potential by developing yourself following your interests and abilities. and content with what they've learned. (2.3) Teachers set goals for the quality of their students, according to the findings of their professional development. Examine each student individually Create and arrange instruction to take into account students' unique learning styles and stages of intellectual growth. Utilize the right technology to organize your learning. Develop yourself, measure and assess using a variety of techniques, and apply your knowledge to teaching and learning. (2.4) The development of learning resources and media revealed that there was an adequate supply of innovative media and educational materials. Schools are making improvements to their surroundings and educational materials to make learning more enjoyable. To plan teaching and learning activities, teachers create media and educational innovations and use a greater amount of media. (2.5) The outcomes of community involvement in education organizing revealed that pertinent individuals contributed to the establishment of educational institutions, resource mobilization, and a range of school-related activities. (3) Overall, there was a high degree of feasibility, appropriateness, and usefulness in the evaluation of academic management strategies to raise students' learning Achievement.

Conclusion: The implementation of strategic academic management techniques at Nong Kung Sri Witthayakhan School, including resource development, instructional improvement, student caliber enhancement, teacher development, and community involvement, has effectively raised student learning Achievement. These tactics helped the 2022–2023 school year surpass previous targets and show notable improvement, with an overall learning Achievement score of 71.80.

Needs and Guidelines for Enhancing Motivation of The Teacher Performance under Kamphaeng Phet Educational Service Area Office 2

Napakamon Chutinatarakorn — 2024-10-16

Background and objective: The head of an educational institution should strengthen teachers' motivation in practice, which affects teachers' performance. It contributes to enhancing the standard of education additionally. The objectives of this research were (1) to assess the essential demands for strengthening the work motivation of teachers under the Kamphaeng Phet Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 and (2) to study ways to enhance motivation in the performance of teachers under the Kamphaeng Phet Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: This research was mixed methodology research. The sample group consisted of qualified and non-qualified teachers, government employees and contract teachers from schools under the Kamphaeng Phet Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews on the essential demands and methods for enhancing teachers' motivation in their performance. Statistics used in the analysis were percentage, mean, PNImodified value, standard deviation, and content analysis.

Result: (1) Assessment of the 3 highest essential demands for enhancing motivation in teachers' performance under the Kamphaeng Phet Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, consisting of: (1.1) Assignment and job descriptions, (1.2) Good relationships in educational institutions and, (1.3) Conducive work environment. (2) Guidelines for enhancing motivation in the teachers' performance under the Kamphaeng Phet Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 revealed that (2.1) Assignment and job descriptions: The head of an educational institution should provide teachers with work agreements and assignments that match their major and the appropriate amount, as well as full decision-making power in selecting solutions. Teachers with expertise should help new teachers, (2.2) Good relationships in educational institutions: The head of an educational institution should keep teachers informed, support PLC meetings to help each other, organize activities on important occasions, as well as congratulate teachers on their success and act as friendly colleagues instead of superiors and, (2.3) Conducive work environment: The head of an educational institution should promote the organization of work rooms and regulate the availability of quality materials, equipment and tools. It covers supporting learning resources and teacher safety in educational institutions.

Conclusion: The head of an educational institution should focus on enhancing performance motivation through assignments and job descriptions as well as good relationships in educational institutions and a conducive work environment.

Personal Characteristics of Thammasat Students Supporting Group Working

Nuthathai Kanthapong — 2024-10-16

Background and Aims: Personal characteristics of Thammasat students supporting group work. Assessing the quality of teamwork skills in each individual is fundamental, serving as a baseline for future improvement and adjustments. The objective of the research is to study the collaborative working abilities of students, with the aim of understanding and enhancing these skills for future endeavors.

Methodology: The study focused on a sample group consisting of 201 students from the Faculty of Science and Technology, majoring in Computer Science at Thammasat University. The data collection tool utilized in this research was a questionnaire. The research approach employed was descriptive research, where data was gathered through the administration of the questionnaire and subsequently analyzed. The study aimed to investigate the collaborative working abilities of the participants in the context of their interactions with others.

Results: The results of the analysis of the ability to work collaboratively with others include aspects such as positive thinking, bright and cheerful smiles, genuine mutual support, team harmony, good interpersonal relationships, and clear communication. (1) The result of Thammasat students that is conducive to working with others Classified by personal characteristics Students of different genders Will have the ability to work with others differently but not all different in all areas There are only some areas that are different. That is, having good relations Differences in statistical significance at the level of 0.05, which is according to the assumptions set (2) The effect of Thammasat students that is conducive to working with others Classified by personal characteristics Students of different educational levels There is no difference in ability to work with others. Which is not according to the assumptions set (3) Thammasat students most can work with others. Overall, in good relations 76.44 percent.

Conclusion: The ability to work collaboratively with others requires a relationship built on effective communication, mutual empathy, trust in working together, acceptance of others' opinions, active participation, acknowledgment of others' mistakes, and understanding of others' actions. In essence, having strong interpersonal relationships, with the highest average in this aspect, is crucial for working effectively with others. This will contribute positively to future collaborations, making it a vital aspect of teamwork. On the positive thinking aspect, individual perspectives on positivity may vary, as it is a personal characteristic that is not as easily conveyed as in other areas. Therefore, the positive thinking aspect of each person tends to differ based on individual traits.

The Results of Storytelling Activities with Yoga to Promote Working Memory Skills in Early Childhood Children

Nutjaree Lee um — 2024-10-16

Background and Aims: Working memory is a crucial executive function and plays a fundamental role in our ability to learn, reason, and solve problems. Children’s working memory skills develop as they grow. There are various strategies to strengthen working memory for children. The objectives of this study were to 1) study the results of storytelling activities with yoga to promote the working memory skills of early childhood children and 2) compare the working memory skills of early childhood children before and after using storytelling activities with yoga to promote the working memory skills of early childhood children.

Methodology: The sample group used in the study were 30 male and female early childhood children between the ages of 5-6 years who were studying in kindergarten 2, semester 2, academic year 2023, Nong Chok Pittayanusorn School, Bangkok, by cluster random sampling. The tools used in the study were storytelling activities with yoga to promote the working memory skills of early childhood children and the memory skills assessment form. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, percentage, and t-test (dependent sample).

Results: The results of the study revealed that before the experiment, most early childhood children had working memory skills at a very low level, calculated as 50.00 percent, followed by a low level, calculated as 26.67 percent, good level calculated as 20.00 percent and moderate level calculated as 3.33 percent. After the experiment, most early childhood children had working memory skills at a moderate level, calculated as 40.00 percent, followed by a very good level calculated as 30.00 percent, a good level calculated as 26.67 percent, and a low level calculated as 3.33 percent. Scores of working memory skills of early childhood children before using storytelling activities with yoga had a mean of 4.63, a standard deviation of 2.04, and after using storytelling activities with yoga had a mean of 8.13 and a standard deviation of 1.76. When comparing the differences in memory skill scores for early childhood children, it was found that the working memory skills scores after the use of storytelling activities with yoga to promote working memory skills of early childhood children were significantly higher at the .05 level.

Conclusion: Early childhood children have higher working memory skills after using storytelling activities with yoga to promote working memory skills in early childhood children.

Competency Development of Executive Personnel in Sub-district Administrative Organizations in Nakhon Phanom Province

Panyawut Boonsit — 2024-10-17

Background and Aims: Executive competencies refer to specific behavioral traits required for local government. Effective leadership positions are essential for management roles to guide the group or subordinates so they can carry out their responsibilities effectively and in line with the goals of the local government agency. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess the competency level of executive personnel in Sub-district Administrative Organizations in Nakhon Phanom Province, 2) to examine the factors affecting the performance of executive personnel in Sub-district Administrative Organizations in Nakhon Phanom Province, and 3) to propose guidelines for developing the competencies of executive personnel in Sub-district Administrative Organizations in Nakhon Phanom Province.

Methodology: This research was quantitative. The sample group consisted of 413 sub-district employees in executive positions under the Sub-district Administrative Organization in Nakhon Phanom Province, across 81 locations. The confidence level was 95 percent, and the acceptable error was determined to be .05 using Taro Yamane's formula, resulting in a sample size of 204. Stratified random sampling was employed, and random sampling was performed within each Sub-district Administrative Organization until the required number was reached. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire with a reliability value 0.94. Statistical analyses included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis, with statistical significance set at the .05 level.

Results: The results of the study indicated that (1) the overall competency level of executive personnel in Sub-district Administrative Organizations in Nakhon Phanom Province was high. (2) Factors affecting the competency of executive personnel in Sub-district Administrative Organizations in Nakhon Phanom Province included experiences in holding executive positions, as well as knowledge and technology application aspects, which had a predictive power of 34.90% with statistical significance at the .05 level. And (3) Suggestions for developing the competency of executive personnel in Sub-district Administrative Organizations in Nakhon Phanom Province emphasized that change leadership should involve learning and adapting to understand current changes and applying modern technology. Leadership ability should include behaving appropriately as a leader, being a good role model for subordinates, and creating trustworthiness. Regarding human development capabilities, opportunities, and promotions should be given to personnel to increase their knowledge related to their work responsibilities, such as through training in related courses, organizing seminars, study tours, or promoting further education at a higher level. In terms of strategic thinking, executive personnel should have thorough knowledge and understanding of various matters, be able to analyze the overall picture of operations and be able to transfer knowledge and understanding of practice guidelines to subordinates so that they understand and work in the same direction, ensuring that operations achieve the organization's vision and goals.

Conclusion: The study found that high competency was exhibited by executive staff in the sub-district administrative organizations of Nakhon Phanom Province. This competency was largely influenced by experience, knowledge, and technology application. The study recommended ways to further increase competency, including opportunities for human development, strategic thinking to align with the organization's vision and goals, and change leadership.

Cost Analysis of Thai Herbs in Maha Sarakham Province

Piyawan Yangkham — 2024-10-17

Background and Aims: The Herb City Project has designated Maha Sarakham Province as an extension area. Efforts are being made to convert monoculture to mixed cropping in order to increase farmers' income and self-sufficiency. The purpose of this study is to examine the expenses and profits incurred by agricultural groups in Maha Sarakham Province when they invest in Thai herbs.

Methodology: The study used qualitative techniques, conducting structured interviews with 20 farmers in the Maha Sarakham Province to collect data.

Results: The average yearly sales for the farmers are as follows: turmeric (67,200 baht), roselle (43,750 baht), lemongrass (17,850 baht), and Thai jasmine rice (105 baht). The highest return on investment (ROI) is 71.08% for turmeric, followed by 48.96% for lemongrass, 28.26% for Thai jasmine rice 105, and 64.00% for roselle. Thai jasmine rice 105's net profits are 2,690 baht, turmeric's 47,768 baht, roselle's 28,000 baht, and lemongrass' 8,740 baht all follow the same pattern.

Conclusion: According to the data, farmers can make the most money from turmeric, which has the highest average annual sales and return on investment (ROI). Roselle, lemongrass, and Thai jasmine rice 105 are the next most profitable crops. Both net profits and return on investment are ranked similarly in terms of profitability.

Improving the Standard of Bamboo Weaving Products for the Community Basketry Group Meet Phra Sai Ngam Phop Phra Subdistrict, Phop Phra District, Tak Province

Punnada Songittisuk — 2024-10-17

Background and Aims: Upgrading product standards and product identity of Phop Phra Sai Ngam Weaving Machine, Phop Phra Sub-district, Phop Phra District, Tak Province, has the following objectives: 1) To write a patent for the Phop Phra Sai Ngam Weaving Group. to be the identity of the group Phop Phra Sai Ngam Weaving Group, Phop Phra Sub-district, Phop Phra District, Tak Province. 2) To study visits and conduct actual workshops to bring new skills and knowledge that have been used to improve the wickerwork products of our own group Phop Phra Sai Ngam Weaving Group, Phop Phra Sub-district, Phop Phra District, Tak Province. 3 ) to develop products and extend new products, amounting to 2 products and develop marketing channels for the Phop Phra Sai Ngam Weaving Group, Phop Phra Subdistrict, Phop Phra District, Tak Province. 4) to develop and integrate knowledge or innovation between communities and universities

Methodology: The researcher employed a qualitative research methodology. The results of data analysis from questionnaires were presented in stages using lesson plans and tests. Data were collected from the general population as well as two 29-person sample groups and analyzed using a computer-based statistical program.

Results: The findings revealed that the University as Marketplace community product standardization project, Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University, Mae Sot, is involved in the development of wickerwork products. Phop Phra Sai Ngam Basketry Group is located in the Phop Phra Sub-district of Tak Province, identity product development the wicker group products (1). Copyright registration activities are carried out to establish the group's identity. (2) Conduct product development workshops and study tour activities to improve the product. (3) Product development and workshop training activities. Expanding on two new products and creating marketing channels.

Conclusion: Upgrade community products to meet activity standards with community development cooperation. to provide knowledge on the importance of upgrading community products to meet standards. The basketry products have been registered as OTOP, and the Phra Sai Ngam Basketry Group will continue to request stars in the future. Workshop on product distribution channel development and integration into online store page design for the Phra Sai Ngam weaving group's online and offline systems. Design and develop community souvenir products to increase product value and market competitiveness.It was discovered that the strengths of community products are beautiful product designs. Good quality, reasonable price, appropriate for quality. And the opportunity for product development is for the product form to be modern. Also, maintain good public relations and receive government assistance in managing the system in accordance with international standards. It will help raise product standards and promote continuous improvement within the organization. This will help to increase competitiveness in a systematic and sustainable manner.

The Development of Training Curriculum for English Major Students to Enhance Organizational Skills in English Extracurricular Activities at Rajabhat Maha Sarakham

Pitchaya Rawipan — 2024-10-17

Background and Aims: In organizing activities to supplement the English curriculum teachers must have an understanding of teaching language and culture simultaneously. To promote the culture of native speakers and lead to good understanding, teachers therefore need to create understanding and prepare youth for the modern world society. To be consistent with the basic education core curriculum, the researcher therefore sees a solution to the problem with extra-curricular activities that are very important and necessary today. The objectives of this research are to (1) study basic information and needs for developing a training curriculum, (2) develop a training curriculum, (3) implement the training curriculum, and (4) evaluate the training curriculum.

Methodology: The research is divided into 4 phases: Phase 1 studies basic information and training needs; Phase 2 develops the curriculum; Phase 3 implements the curriculum; and Phase 4 evaluates the curriculum. The sample group in Phase 1 included 108 student teachers and a focus group of 11 experts and teaching staff, selected purposively. The target group in Phase 2 consisted of 7 expert informants who are used in the seminar based on connoisseurship. Phase 3 was a target group of 30 people, and Phase 4 included 37 training participants and experts. The tools used for data collection were questionnaires, curriculum coherence and appropriateness assessment forms, activity evaluation forms, and tests. The statistics used for data research were mean, standard deviation, and percentage.

Results: The research results found that (1) The current situation of the problem regarding the ability of student teachers to organize extra-curricular activities had an issue rate of 83%, with a training need of 91%. Expert and instructor group discussions agreed that student teachers should be developed in organizing English language extracurricular activities, including academic, linguistic, and cultural aspects, as well as measurement and evaluation. (2) The development of the training curriculum found that it comprises seven elements: (2.1) The background and significance of the problem, (2.2) The principles of the curriculum, (2.3) The objectives of the curriculum, (2.4) The content of the curriculum, (2.5) Training activities, (2.6) Media and equipment, and (2.7) Measurement and evaluation. The overall curriculum appropriateness and coherence assessment results were at a high level, which is higher than the specified criteria of 3.5 or above, indicating that the training curriculum is of high quality and can be further developed. (3) Implementing the training curriculum showed that the scores for organizing activities during and testing after the training were above the 80% standard by 100%, and satisfaction with the training curriculum was high. (4) The evaluation of the training curriculum, informed by feedback from 37 participants including both course users and experts, was at the highest level, demonstrating that the overall efficiency of the curriculum is at the highest level.

Conclusion: The study indicated a clear need for enhancing student teachers' ability to plan extracurricular activities, with an 83% issue rate and a 91% training need. The participants' skills were effectively improved by the designed training program, which was deemed to be very appropriate and cohesive, as evidenced by their high levels of satisfaction and scores that exceeded the 80% threshold.

Effects of Using Open Approach on Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability of Arithmetic Series of 11th Grade Students

Phiraya Khumkhong — 2024-10-17

Background and Aims: Mathematical problem-solving ability is an important skill for learning mathematics. The students should always develop and practice their ability to solve mathematical problems. Designing learning management using Open approach methods in the mathematics classroom makes students discover situations or problems that cause students to think analytically synthesize and understand the problems to arrive at answers from a variety of solutions. The answers may not be the only answer. Therefore, this research aims to study the mathematical problem-solving ability regarding arithmetic series of 11th-grade students by organizing learning using an open approach method

Methodology: The target group used in this research is 11th-grade students, semester 2, academic year 2023, Wisetchaichan Tantiwitthayapoom School, Ang Thong Province, totaling 36 students which is obtained through specific selection, were organized by learning using the open approach methods. The research tools consisted of; (1) the lesson plan using an open approach method on the topic of arithmetic series, and (2) a mathematical problem-solving ability test on the topic of arithmetic series. Quantitative data analysis uses a calculation of the arithmetic mean, percentage, and mode from the test results. Qualitative data analysis was used to analyze traces of student problem-solving from recording data in activity sheets and tests using content analysis according to the mathematical problem-solving framework.

Results: It was found that; (1) the majority of students, 44.44 percent, had a very good level of mathematical problem-solving ability. (2) Most students can choose the correct formula, define variables to lead to finding the answer, provide reasonable reasons to find answers and proceed to find answers correctly.

Conclusion: Target group students who are taught using open approach methods have a mathematical problem-solving ability at a very good level. This is because the open approach method emphasizes allowing students to create knowledge and practice until learning on their own. It stimulates students to find solutions to mathematical problems and provides opportunities for students to learn according to their potential in response to the abilities that differ between individuals by relying on the help of teachers who provide advice, guidance, and support for students to manage themselves.

Community Rights Defiance: Case Study Gold Mine in Chanthaburi Province

Puvadol Damsanit — 2024-10-17

Background and Aims: Community rights protection involves the community’s authority to manage natural and human-made resources to preserve, restore, and sustainably manage them for long-term viability. This research has three key objectives: 1) to examine the enforcement of laws in the gold mining industry, 2) to study and analyze lessons from the public sector’s efforts in protecting community rights, and 3) to propose legal measures for enhancing community participation in gold mining activities. The research employs a qualitative approach, drawing on documentation and social media data. It focuses on the movement "Chanthaburi People Do Not Accept Mining," which opposes gold mining in Chanthaburi Province, to extract public lessons from this movement. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive content analysis.

Methodology: This study analyzes the challenges in law enforcement arising from gold mining operations that impact community rights. A qualitative approach is employed, utilizing documentary research to collect and analyze various sources, including laws, textbooks, journals, research reports, theses, online publications, and case studies related to the topic.

Results: The study found that protecting community rights in the context of the gold mining industry remains a contentious issue, leading to protests in Chanthaburi Province. Despite existing laws, they need to address community rights protection adequately. Weak enforcement of regulations related to gold mining has resulted in violations of these rights, negatively affecting natural resources, the environment, and the well-being of local residents.

Conclusions: The movement of communities impacted by gold mining operations in Chanthaburi Province follows a structured process that effectively influences business operators. It also aims to empower the community by raising awareness and educating its members about their rights and how to protect these rights in the future.

Service Innovations that Influence the Utilization of Private Hospitals in Thailand

Rattana Chaikalaya — 2024-10-17

Background and Objectives: The private hospital industry in Thailand has been adversely affected by the slow economic growth, leading to cautious spending among the middle-income group, which is the primary customer base for private hospitals. This has resulted in a significant decline in the number of patients. This research aims to: 1) explore the general characteristics of private hospital users in Thailand; 2) examine the level of perceived service innovation that influences the decision to use private hospitals in Thailand; and 3) identify service innovations that have an impact on the decision to use private hospitals in Thailand.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 400 users of private hospitals in Thailand. Specific data was collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used, along with Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression.

Results: 1) Most users were female, aged between 40-60 years, with a bachelor's degree, employed in the private sector, and had a monthly income of 30,001-50,000 baht. 2) Perception of service innovation was significantly correlated with the decision to use private hospitals, particularly in the areas of interaction with users (Mean = 4.14, S.D. = 0.741), service concept (Mean = 4.03, S.D. = 0.512), and technology (Mean = 3.45, S.D. = 0.582). The least significant aspect was new service delivery processes (Mean = 3.11, S.D. = 0.654). 3) Service innovation factors influencing the decision to use private hospitals were service concept (β)=0.134, interaction with users (β)=0.094, new service delivery processes (β)=0.213, and technology (β)=0.145.

Conclusion: Private hospitals should adopt service innovations to enhance customer satisfaction and encourage repeat business. This will contribute to the long-term success and sustainability of the business.

Legal Measures for Protecting unborn Infants of Drug - addicted Mothers

Wanrudee Saengkhiaw — 2024-10-17

Background and Aims: The health of the unborn child of a drug addict mother will impact the fetus. Medical research findings suggest that drugs induce psychosis in fetuses, and impact the brain and nervous system, resulting in early birth, incapacity, and physical or mental impairment, as well as miscarriage or death. Pro-life beliefs hold that babies should be safeguarded while they are still inside their mothers. This research has the following objectives: 1) to study the principles and the concept of protecting the fetus of drug-addicted mothers Addiction 2) to study international law Foreign and Thai laws related to infant protection in the womb of drug-addicted mothers 3) to study and analyze legal problems regarding the protection of fetuses of drug-addicted mothers 4) To propose solutions to improve laws regarding the protection of fetuses of mothers addicted to drugs.

Methodology: This research was conducted in qualitative research. By researching documents, namely Thai law, foreign law, and international law. As well as study judgments, textbooks, books, theses, dissertations, articles, online journals, and newspapers. Electronic media and websites in addition, to field data were studied with in-depth interviews. From a population of people with knowledge and expertise, a specific in-depth interview population group will interview the population involved, namely a group of law enforcement officers, 3 people, a group of medical personnel, 4 people, and a group of psychologists. There were 3 social workers. All data were then analyzed and synthesized according to the research process and then described descriptively.

Results: (1) There are two principles and concepts related to the protection of fetuses of drug-addicted mothers: concepts under the philosophy of natural law; that support life (Pro-Life) by seeing that the fetus in the mother's womb is protected according to human rights principles as for the second concept, it is a concept under the Office of Public Law. It is seen that the fetus in the mother's womb does not yet have legal personality status. Only mothers have the right to choose according to the principle of pro-choice (pro-choice). (2) From a comparative study of Thai and foreign laws regarding the protection of fetuses of mothers addicted to drugs, it was found that the French Republic does not recognize personal status. of the fetus in the mother's womb and tends to be the main support (Pro - choice) like in Thailand. But the laws of the United Kingdom, United States, Federal Republic of Germany Adhering to the principle of pro-life (Pro-life) or “Born Alive Rule” ensures that babies in the womb of their mothers are protected according to human rights principles. Especially United States law. Specific laws have been enacted to protect fetuses of mothers who use drugs. (3) Thailand has four important legal problems regarding fetuses of mothers addicted to drugs: first the lack of personal status of fetuses results in them not being protected according to human rights principles. Second, the asymmetry of the laws regarding the protection of mother's rights in the Constitution is consistent with the pro-choice concept. This is contrary to the pro-life concept. Third, the right of doctors to examine the health of fetuses goes against the rights of mothers which are protected by the Constitution and there is no law to protect doctors. Fourth, Thailand has no law to protect infants in specific maternal pregnancies The researcher therefore made a suggestion. Improve the law to protect fetuses of mothers addicted to drugs according to the principle (Pro-Life) by proposing amendments to the National Health Act of 2007 and drafting ministerial regulations on medical measures for examining and treating fetuses in mothers' wombs. who are addicted to drugs, B.E. ... to provide protection for their life’s health protection Fetus in the womb of a drug-addicted mother and protect doctors under the principles of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Conclusion: The Pro-Life stance, which supports fetal rights based on human rights principles, and the Pro-Choice stance, which prioritizes the mother's rights and does not recognize fetal legal personality, are two opposing principles regarding the protection of fetuses of drug-addicted mothers. These principles are highlighted in the study. It suggests that Thailand enact pro-life measures, such as changing the National Health Act and enacting new rules, in order to safeguard fetuses and the medical personnel who treat them.

Enforcement of the Skill Development Promotion Act B.E. 2545 of Business Establishments in Samut Prakan Province

Watsawan Samranyoo — 2024-10-17

Background and Aims: These include the modifications to the global economic landscape brought about by the Industry 4.0 trend—the move toward new technologies and creative business practices. In the contemporary economic world, labor will be the primary mechanism for change. The objectives of this research were; (1) to study the level of work performance under the Skill Development Promotion Act, B.E. 2545, of the business establishments, (2) to study the level of enforcement results under the Skill Development Promotion Act, B.E. 2545 of business establishments, (3) to study the relationships between work performance and the enforcement results under the Skill Development Promotion Act, B.E. 2545 of business establishments, and 4) to study the recommendations for the success of work performance under the Skill Development Promotion Act, B.E. 2545 of business establishments.

Methodology: The province of Samut Prakan hosted this study. The research instrument used in the study was a 50-item, open-ended, five-closed rating scale questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.98. The samples were 309 representatives of business establishments in the enforcement area under the Skill Development Promotion Act B.E. 2545 in the year B.E. 2565 in Samut Prakan Province, as determined by Yamane's formula and chosen through a systematic random sampling technique. At a statistical significance level of 0.01, the statistics included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and linear multiple regression analysis using the Stepwise method.

Results: The study's findings demonstrated that: (1) The overall work performance of Samut Prakan Province's business establishments was rated at a moderate level under the Skill Development Promotion Act, B.E. 2545. (2) The relationships between work performance and the enforcement results under the Skill Development Promotion Act, B.E. 2545 of business establishments in Samut Prakan Province were rated at a high level. The level of enforcement results under the Act was obtained from business establishments in Samut Prakan Province collectively. (3) Overall, Samut Prakan Province business establishments' work performance and the enforcement results under the Skill Development Promotion Act, B.E. 2545, were found to be moderately correlated, with a statistically significant correlation at the.01 level and a multiple correlation coefficient of.673 (R=.673). With an R2 value of.454 and an F value of 84.396, all independent variables can explain variation in the variables equal to 45.4 percent. This is statistically significant at the.01 level and suggests that the independent variable is related to the outcomes of enforcing the Skill Development Promotion Act, B.E. 2545, of business establishments in the Province of Samut Prakan. There are three variables in the equation: the state of not being subject to the enforcement of labor relations and labor protection laws; and the receipt of advice, guidance, and assistance in various cases from the Department of Skill Development. (only when training is being done to get ready for the workforce) and the ability to have income tax exemptions for labor skill training costs in certain circumstances. (4) The following recommendations are made for how the Skill Development Promotion Act, B.E. 2545, should be applied to businesses in the province of Samut Prakan: A training program should be implemented to increase awareness of the rights of foreign entrepreneurs to hire skilled workers continuously. It is advisable to prepare handbooks outlining the advantages and rights of hiring foreign workers as artisans. A training program ought to exist to impart knowledge and comprehension of the training requirements necessary to apply for income tax exemption rights.

Conclusion: The study concludes that although work performance in Samut Prakan's businesses is moderate, the implementation of the Skill Development Promotion Act, B.E. 2545, has had a significant positive impact. Improving corporate results and Act compliance requires stronger enforcement and training initiatives.

The Development Model of Educational Management for Special Classrooms of School Under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Kalasin

Siripong Sirichaiwattanakul — 2024-10-17

Background and Aims: The creation of special classes aimed at helping students with exceptional abilities in academics and other areas reach their full potential, according to the guidelines set forth by the Ministry of Education regarding the decentralization of management and administration of education to the educational Service area office by giving schools the chance to set up special classrooms if they have the staff and finances to do so. According to projects started by the Basic Education Commission, special classrooms are spaces where educational institutions concentrate on teaching and learning activities meant to promote the potential of students with extraordinary abilities. Therefore, the objective of this research is to 1) study the components and indicators of educational management for special classrooms of schools. 2) to study the current situation, desirable condition and needs assessment of educational management for special classrooms of school under the secondary education service area office Kalasin. 3) to create a model for educational management for special classrooms of schools under the secondary education service area office Kalasin.

Methodology: The research was divided into 4 phases: Phase 1 studied components and indicators of educational management for special classrooms of the school, the key informant group was 7 experts, and the research tool was an interview form. Phase 1 studied the current situation, desirable condition, and needs assessment of educational management for special classrooms of school, the sample group consisted of 358 people, research tool was a questionnaire with a reliability of .79. Data were analyzed by means and standard deviation. Phase 3 created a model for educational management for special classrooms school, The key informant group was 9 experts to create and evaluate the suitability Feasibility, and usefulness of the model and the evaluating group the manual for using the model was 15 people. The research tool was an interview form evaluation form, data were analyzed by means and standard deviation

Results: 1. The components and indicators of educational management for special classrooms of school consisted of 1) management, 2) curriculum and academics, 3) environment that promotes learning, 4) personnel and budget, and 5) learner quality. 2. The overall current condition is at a high average level. The overall desirable condition was at the highest mean level. The necessary needs index was ranked from the highest to the lowest as follows: 1) curriculum and academics, 2) personnel and budget, 3) environment that promotes learning, 4) quality of learners, and 5) management. Respectively. 3. The model consists of components: 1) principles, 2) objectives, 3) content, 4) development process, and 5) measurement and evaluation. There are 4 learning modules: Module 1, Curriculum and Academic Module 2, Personnel and Budget Module 3, Environment that Promotes Learning Module 4, Quality of Learners Module 4, and Management. The model has a suitability assessment result. The model's possibility and overall usefulness were at the highest level.

Conclusion: The management of special classrooms in schools currently faces various challenges and suggestions for improvement in several aspects including administration and research into developing management models for more effective governance. School administrators, teachers, parents, and students must all participate in the management process, collaborate in designing operational frameworks in various aspects, and identify areas that require expedited development within the project to achieve efficiency and effectiveness for the students. There are clear and coherent curricula aligned with students' development. There are various supplementary activities in different formats to enhance the curriculum. There is a learning management system that emphasizes both theory and practice, and there should be support systems in place to assist students with their needs and potential.

Success Mechanisms and Factors Affecting Rehabilitation of Drug Addicts with Community Participation: A Case Study in Chaiyaphum Province

Sanchai Promsit — 2024-10-17

Background and Aims: The country is impacted by the drug problem in many ways. Impact on the nation's reputation and security. influence on the management of public affairs. The idea that drug users and addicts are seen as "patients" is a human nature that legal policies aimed at solving the drug problem start to take into consideration. This research aims to (1) study the mechanisms for rehabilitation of drug addicts in Thailand. (2) study factors affecting the success of drug addiction rehabilitation with community participation.

Methodology: The researcher used document review (Documentary Research) with in-depth interviews to process the process of community-based drug addiction rehabilitation. and use the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to study factors affecting success.

Results: The results of the study found that (1) The mechanism of success in the rehabilitation process for drug addicts involves community participation. This arises from the role of the community as an important factor. There must be a common opinion that this is an important problem that should be solved. Coordinate with various agencies involved to help with screening Evaluate and diagnose problems to receive rehabilitation treatment. and following up with social assistance after rehabilitation There is a drive for drug work in the community. Meet to discuss and follow up on work regularly. To find a solution to the problem. (2) Factors that contribute to the success of rehabilitation in the community. There are a total of 8 factors. Results from the stepwise analysis study found that the role of support from the community is a factor. The highest priority is 17 percent because support from the community will be a very important part that provides opportunities for relevant agencies, including government agencies, the private sector, and civil society networks. Participate in acknowledging problems and creating solutions to problems together. Followed by: Factors involved in the treatment process (16 percent), support mechanism factors for each sector (15 percent), government policy support factors (13 percent), drug addiction rehabilitation process factors (11 percent), legal factors Drug-related factors (10 percent), success indicators (9 percent) and implementation time factors (9 percent)

Conclusion: The study concludes that community involvement is critical to the success of drug rehabilitation, emphasizing the need for regular follow-up sessions and coordinated efforts between various agencies. Important success factors include community support (17%), treatment process participation (16%), and industry support networks (15%).

Security Measures to Cope with Crime in Educational Institutions of Klong Sam Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Klong Luang District, Pathumtani Province

Suphannee ๋Jewkrang — 2024-10-18

Background and Aims: From the violent incidents that were mentioned to establish safe spaces and safeguard both students and staff, educational institutions ought to be prioritized. Therefore, it's crucial to think about putting policies in place to deal with and prevent crime in educational institutions. for government educators and staff to exercise caution and safeguard to ensure the utmost safety for students. This paper aims to (1) Study security measures to address crime in schools of Klong Sam Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Klong Luang, Pathumtani, and (2) Study strategies to promote security measures in schools of Klong Sam Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Klong Luang, Pathumtani.

Methodology: The research utilized a qualitative approach, interviewing 24 key informants divided into three groups: Group 1 consisted of administrators, employees, and relevant personnel from Klong Sam Subdistrict Administrative Organization totaling 17 individuals; Group 2 comprised 5 parents; and Group 3 included 2 experts in criminology. Through observation and document analysis.

Results: The study found that security measures to address crime in schools focused on prevention, involving planning meetings with all stakeholders, including teachers, parents, police officers, and community networks, to develop risk management plans and disseminate policy and risk management plans. Environmental observations aimed to mitigate risks both within and around the school by installing CCTV cameras. For enforcement, measures included managing offenders according to criminal law and providing assistance and rehabilitation to victims of insecurity. Interviews revealed a lack of skills and knowledge among staff and teachers regarding security measures, emergency preparedness, and CCTV installation quality. Training for security personnel to enhance their abilities in preventing emergencies and strict enforcement of school access restrictions were identified as areas needing improvement, along with addressing family institution issues related to substance abuse that could endanger the community.

Conclusion: The study came to the conclusion that thorough security measures in schools need to give equal weight to effective enforcement and preventative measures, as well as staff skill gaps and improved security personnel training. Fostering a safer school environment also requires addressing substance abuse and strengthening family support systems.

Extending the Life of the Rice Noodles with Fang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Extract to Reduce the Risk of Food Poisoning

Suratsawadee Sinwat — 2024-10-18

Background and Aims: Rice Noodles are a risk of poisoning food with added preservatives. If consumers are exposed to preservatives regularly, they will cause negative health effects. Therefore, using Fang extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) to replace preservatives in rice noodles will help reduce the use of chemical preservatives. This study aims to compare the pH value among rice noodles that contained Fang Extract at concentrations of 3, 6, and 12 grams and compared with those without preservative ingredients, rice noodles with a mixture of preservatives as standard and beyond the standard to extend the life of the noodles.

Methodology: The data were analyzed and compared the concentrations of different Fang Extracts in extending the life of the noodles by using one-way ANOVA analysis and statistical Repeated measures ANOVA.

Results: The results of the study showed that noodles that contained Fang Extract at concentrations of 3, 6, and 12 grams contributed to a change in the pH of the noodles.

Conclusion: The noodles that contain Fang Extract at concentrations of 3, 6, and 12 grams can extend the life of the noodles longer than noodles that do not contain preservatives, especially in a time of 30 hours. Moreover, it can extend the life of the rice noodles is not different from the line of noodles that contain preservatives as standard and beyond the standard.

Lower Secondary Student Characteristics Development Model According to the Royal Policy on Education of Educational Institutions under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Maha Sarakham

Suriya Thongboonma — 2024-10-18

Background and Aims: The students who follow the lower secondary level of the Royal Policy on Education are responsible, flexible, and well-rounded due to the comprehensive approach taken in teaching. This all-encompassing growth is necessary to achieve personal fulfillment and to promote a progressive, enlightened society. This paper aims to (1) study elements, indicators, and approaches to develop lower secondary student characteristics according to the royal policy on education of educational institutions, (2) create a lower secondary student characteristics development model according to the royal policy on education for educational, (3) study outcome of implementation of the created lower secondary student characteristics development model according to the royal policy on education, And (4) evaluate the implemented lower secondary student characteristics development model. This research was hold in the area of Secondary Educational Service Area Office Maha Sarakham.

Methodology: The research was conducted according to the determined research and development process, which was divided into 4 stages. The equipment used in analyzing the collected quantitative and qualitative data in this research were 5-point rating scale surveys, 5-point rating scale evaluation forms, and scoring rubrics forms. Percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used as the research statistics.

Results: It was found that the lower secondary student characteristics according to the royal policy on education of educational institutions under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Maha Sarakham: 1) The Right Attitude Towards the Country with 4 indictors—1.1) Be knowledgeable and understanding of the Nation, 1.2) Adherence to religion, 1.3) Be loyalty to the Monarchy, and 1.4) Be generous to own family and community, 2) Stability and Morality of Life Foundation with 4 sub-indicators—2.1) Be able to tell good from bad, 2.2) Behave well and properly, 2.3) Refuse to participate in any wrong or sinful actions, and 2.4) Encourage good people in nation, 3) Employability and Career with 3 sub-indicators—3.1) Raise your children or train them to love working and being earnest to succeed, 3.2) Practice both inside and outside the class emphasizing on teamwork and career success, and 3.3) Support new graduates with career opportunities so that they could provide for self and family, and 4) Good Citizenship with 3 sub-indicators—4.1) Being a good citizen is everybody’s responsibility, 4.2) Family, educational institutions, and workplace shall give everyone opportunity to become a good citizen , and 4.3) A good citizen means “never hesitate to be helpful for the nation,” such as helping with volunteer work, community service, and charity with kindness and generosity.

Conclusion: Four main areas are prioritized in Maha Sarakham's Royal Policy on Education for Lower Secondary Students: developing a proper national attitude, maintaining stability and morality, advancing employability and career readiness, and promoting good citizenship. These qualities are intended to foster the development of intelligent, moral, diligent, and community-minded people.

The STAD Cooperative Learning Technique Combined with The STAR Strategy to Promote Problem-Solving Ability in Stoichiometry of Grade 10 Students

Hathaichanok Yamkesorn — 2024-10-18

Background and Aims: The STAD cooperative learning technique combined with the STAR strategy is a learning arrangement that promotes students’ ability to solve problems effectively, uses the STAD technique that includes teamwork and competition to create motivation for learning to solve difficult and complex problems, and uses the STAR strategy to build systematic problem-solving skills according to appropriate steps. The purposes of this research were; 1) to compare students’ problem-solving abilities after learning using the STAD cooperative learning technique combined with STAR strategy with a 70 percent criterion and 2) to study students’ satisfaction with the STAD cooperative learning technique combined with STAR strategy.

Methodology: The participants were thirty-eight grade 10 students of a school in Maha Sarakham province who were studying Chemistry 2 in the academic year 2023. The research tools included; 1) four learning management plans using the STAD cooperative learning technique combined with STAR strategy on “Stoichiometry”, totaling 12 hours, with the highest appropriateness level, 2) the subjective problem-solving ability assessment test consisting of four questions with content validity by IOC index as 1.00, difficulty index (p) ranging from 0.50 to 0.54, discrimination index (D) ranging from 0.49 to 0.51 and reliability coefficient 0.97 and 3) the satisfaction questionnaire regarding the STAD cooperative learning technique combined with STAR strategy consists of thirteen questions, each with content validity by IOC as 1.00, discrimination index (r) ranging from 0.45 to 0.75 and reliability coefficient at 0.92. The data analysis statistics were mean, standard deviation, and one sample t-test.

Results: 1) the students who received the STAD cooperative learning technique combined with the STAR strategy had problem-solving abilities higher than the 70 percent threshold with statistical significance at the .05 level and 2) the students expressed the highest level of satisfaction with the STAD cooperative learning technique combined with STAR strategy.

Conclusion: The findings show that using the STAR strategy in conjunction with the STAD cooperative learning technique enhances students' problem-solving skills and increases their enjoyment of learning. To encourage students' problem-solving skills, it is therefore recommended to combine the STAR strategy with the STAD cooperative learning technique. Moreover, by encouraging cooperative teamwork, this method aids in the social and academic growth of students.

Promote and Develop the Quality of Durian to Meet Good Agricultural Standards; Case Study Large Agriculture Plot of Durian SiKhiet Sichon District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Athaporn Muangmusit — 2024-10-18

Background and Aims: The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives has a policy to promote and develop the quality of durian to meet good agricultural standards and control, prevent, and solve the problem of inferior quality durian entering the market. Nakhon Si Thammarat Province is the fifth-largest durian-producing area in the country. Country With a total production of 2023 of 80,959 tons, the main production sources are in Tha Sala District, Sichon District, Nopphitam District, and Phipun District, which is in the area of Si Khit Subdistrict, Sichon District, and Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Farmers have joined the project to promote and develop durian quality to meet good agricultural standards. In this study, the objectives were to (1) study the production of large plots of durian according to Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in the area of Si Khit Subdistrict, Sichon District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, (2) promote and develop the quality of large plots of durian in the subdistrict area. Si Khit, Sichon District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province to meet good agricultural standards

Methodology: Qualitative Research was used in the study, using the In-depth Interview Questionnaire to collect data from 10 key informants: A group of durian farmers who have developed durian quality to good agricultural standards in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. A group of durian orchard farmers in Si Khit Subdistrict who operate or are interested in developing durian quality to good agricultural standards. A group of academics and community scholars are also working on developing durian quality to good agricultural standards. Data analysis used the content analysis method (Content Analysis).

Results: The production of large durian plots according to Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) standards in the Si Khit Subdistrict area found that farmers could fully comply with the standards. Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in terms of (1) water sources, (2) planting areas, (3) use of agricultural hazardous substances, (4) storage and transportation of produce, (5) data recording, (6) Production to be safe from pests, (7) Production process management to produce quality products, and (8) Harvesting and post-harvest practices. The guidelines for promoting and developing the quality of large durian plots in the Si Khit Subdistrict, it was found to: (1) The water source should be developed as an intelligent water system. (2) The planting area should be developed according to GAP standards. (3) The use of materials, Danger, farmers should be trained (4) in storage, there should be training in maintaining (5) data recording, and a clear format for recording information should be established. (6) Production is safe from pests, research information about pest diseases (7) in managing production processes to produce quality products. Encourage new farmers and (8) harvesting and post-harvest practices. There should be training on how to view produce according to Good Agricultural Practices (GAP).

Conclusion: Si Khit Subdistrict farmers excel in areas such as water sources, pest management, and harvesting techniques, and they successfully follow GAP standards for large durian plots. It is advised to create intelligent water systems, offer training on the handling and storage of hazardous materials, and create unambiguous data recording formats to further improve quality.

Transformational Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Chonburi Province

Weerasak Duanjaem — 2024-10-18

Background and Aims: This research has the following objectives: 1) to study the level of transformational leadership behavior of school administrators under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Chonburi Province. 2) To compare opinions about the transformational leadership behavior of school administrators in Chonburi Province. 3) To find ways to develop transformational leadership of school administrators under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Chonburi Province.

Methodology: The sample used in this research consisted of 276 school administrators and teachers. The sample size was determined according to Krejci and Morgan's table. and use stratified random sampling The research instrument was a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale. Which has a consistency index between 0.80 - 1.00 and the confidence value of all questionnaires is equal to 0.98. For data analysis, statistics are used, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-value and F-value tests.

Results: The results of the research are as follows: (1) the transformational leadership of educational institution administrators under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Chonburi Province, overall and in each area, is at a high level. (2) Results of comparing opinions about transformational leadership of school administrators classified by position and work experience. It was found that overall and in each aspect there were no differences. But when classified by educational level It was found that there was a statistical significant difference at the 0.05 level. (3) Guidelines for developing transformational leadership among school administrators are divided into 3 approaches: 1) development by external agencies, 2) development by educational institutions, and 3) development by oneself.

Conclusion: The study finds that transformational leadership among educational institution administrators in Chonburi is generally high, with no significant differences based on position or work experience, but the educational level has a significant impact. External agencies, educational institutions, and personal efforts can all help to develop this type of leadership.

Academic Administration that Affects Proactive Learning of Educational Institutions under Chaiyaphum Municipality

Prapraporn Sincharoen — 2024-10-18

Background and Aims: This research aims to study and compare the level of academic administration that affects active learning management in educational institutions under Chaiyaphum Municipality. The analysis will be separated according to educational level. Work experience and type of educational institution. In addition, there is a study of academic administration guidelines that can affect the management of active learning in these educational institutions.

Methodology: The sample used in the research consisted of 129 personnel in educational institutions under Chaiyaphum Municipality, which were obtained from stratified random sampling. The research tools included a questionnaire using a 5-level rating scale and a structured interview with an IOC between 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value of 0.83. For the statistics used in data analysis, such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. T-test, F-test, and pairwise difference test using the Scheffé Method.

Results: the finding found that (1) Academic administration that affects the management of active learning in educational institutions under Chaiyaphum Municipality, overall it is at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that academic administration that affects proactive learning management is at a high level in every aspect. (2) Results of the comparative analysis of opinions regarding academic administration that affect active learning management of educational institutions under Chaiyaphum Municipality. Classified by educational level work experience and type of educational institution found that there was no difference. (3) Guidelines for academic administration that affect active learning management in educational institutions under Chaiyaphum Municipality include improving or changing the curriculum to be consistent with active learning management. educational institution context and student context. Encouraging teachers to organize problem-based teaching and learning activities. integrated teaching. Encouraging teachers to measure and evaluate learning according to actual conditions, which meets the aims of education. and use the evaluation results to develop individual learners. Teachers are also encouraged to develop modern teaching materials. By using technology to organize teaching and learning. and use the results of supervision to further improve and develop teaching media.

Conclusion: The findings show that academic administration has a significant impact on active learning management in educational institutions in Chaiyaphum Municipality, with consistently high performance across all aspects. There were no differences according to educational level, work experience, or type of institution. Aligning curricula with active learning, encouraging problem-based and integrated teaching, promoting authentic assessment, and facilitating the development of modern teaching materials through technology and supervision are all important guidelines for improving academic administration.

The 21st Century Management Skills for Educational Institution Administrators under the Jurisdiction of the Ubon Ratchathani Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Amnat Charoen

Katunyu Saitanoo — 2024-10-18

Background and Aims: Education is an important tool for human, social, and national development. It is the main mechanism for creating a quality workforce. Able to live happily with others in society. At a time when the world is changing rapidly in the 21^stcentury, this research has the following objectives: 1) to study and analyze the management skills in the 21^stcentury of Educational Institution Administrators under the Ubon Ratchathani and Amnat Charoen Secondary Educational Service Area Offices. 2) To compare the management skills in the 21^stcentury among administrators of educational institutions under the same affiliation. Classified by position education level and the size of the educational institution. 3) To study and find ways to develop management skills in the 21^stcentury of educational institution administrators in those areas.

Methodology: The sample used in this research consisted of 351 school administrators and teachers. The sample size was determined according to Krejci and Morgan's table. and used the random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale. Which has a consistency index between 0.80 and 1.00 and the total reliability of the questionnaire is 0.89. Statistics used in data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-value and F-value tests.

Results: The results of the research are as follows: (1) Management skills in the 21^stcentury of administrators of educational institutions under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Ubon Ratchathani and Amnat Charoen, overall it is at a high level. (2) Results of comparing opinions about management skills in the 21^stcentury among administrators of educational institutions under the same affiliation. Divided by position Education level and the size of the educational institution. It was found that overall and in each aspect there were no differences. (3) Guidelines for promoting management skills in the 21^st century of school administrators in the Ubon Ratchathani Secondary Educational Service Area Office consist of 5 areas: 1) communication skills, 2) relationship-building skills, 3) technology and digital skills, 4) vision setting skills, and 5) analytical thinking and creative thinking skills.

Conclusion: According to the research, educational institution administrators in the twenty-first century working for the Secondary Educational Service Area Office of Ubon Ratchathani and Amnat Charoen have generally high management skills. There were no significant differences in management skills across positions, educational levels, or institution size. To improve these abilities, the study suggests focusing on five key areas: communication, relationship building, technology and digital skills, vision setting, and analytical and creative thinking.

Using Principles of Good Governance by Educational Institution Administrators under the Jurisdiction of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office

Kumpon Pinchai — 2024-10-18

Background and Aims: Effective public and social management Also known as good governance, it is an important guideline for organizing society which consists of the public sector. Private business sector and the public sector. The goal is to strengthen and increase the country's immunity. This research aims to: 1. study and compare the level of opinions of personnel on the application of good governance principles in the management of educational institutions by administrators under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office. Classified by educational level Position and work experience. And 2. survey the guidelines for developing educational institution administration according to the principles of good governance of educational institution administrators under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office.

Methodology: The research sample consisted of 229 educational institution personnel under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office, which were obtained from stratified sampling. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale, with an IOC value in the range of 0.80 – 1.00 and a reliability value of 0.91. Structured interviews were also conducted to collect data. Statistics used in data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test, F-test and pairwise difference test using the Scheffé method.

Results: The research results are summarized as follows (1) Using the principles of good governance by educational institution administrators Under the jurisdiction of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office. It was found that the overall level was at a high level. Especially the information technology management aspect is also at a high level. (2) Comparative analysis of the use of good governance principles by educational institution administrators under the jurisdiction of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office Classified by education level and work experience found that there was no difference. But when classified according to position and duty It was found that there was a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level. (3) Guidelines for using the principles of good governance by educational institution administrators under the jurisdiction of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office It was found that the executives had established management guidelines that were accepted by the personnel. Adhere to the principles of correctness and goodness. Administer educational institutions according to criteria that can be verified. Provide opportunities for personnel to participate in educational institution development planning. and focus on the benefits that students will receive. By managing limited resources to provide maximum benefit to students.

Conclusion: The research findings show that educational institution administrators under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office use good governance principles at a high level, particularly in information technology management. When comparing education level and work experience, no differences were found; however, significant differences emerged based on position and duty. Key guidelines for promoting good governance include establishing accepted management practices, maintaining integrity and transparency, involving personnel in planning, and prioritizing resource management to maximize student benefits.

Digital Leadership of School Administrators under the Jurisdiction of the Sakon Nakhon Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Chaiwat Jitamat — 2024-10-19

Background and Aims: The world changes in the 21st century to a fully digital era. As a result, school management must inevitably use technology as a tool to support teaching and learning. Schools in this century have undergone significant changes in many areas, such as the nature of knowledge. Learner's role and the role of the teacher. This is something that school administrators need to have the ability to understand and to support these changes. This research has the following objectives: 1) to study the digital leadership level of educational institution administrators under the Sakon Nakhon Secondary Educational Service Area Office. 2) To compare the digital leadership of educational institution administrators under the Sakon Nakhon Secondary Educational Service Area Office. Classified by position Work experience and the size of the educational institution. 3) To study methods for developing digital leadership of educational institution administrators under the Sakon Nakhon Secondary Educational Service Area Office.

Methodology: The sample used in this research consisted of 331 school administrators and teachers. The sample size was determined according to Krejci and Morgan's table. and used the random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale. Which has a consistency index value in the range of 0.80 - 1.00 and a reliability value for all questionnaires equal to 0.86. Statistics used in data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-value and F-value tests.

Results: The results of the research found that: (1) A study of the level of leadership in the digital age of administrators of educational institutions under the Sakon Nakhon Secondary Educational Service Area Office. Overall and in each aspect are at a high level. (2) Results of comparing opinions about leadership in the digital age of administrators of educational institutions under the Sakon Nakhon Secondary Educational Service Area Office. Classified by position Work experience and the size of the educational institution Overall and in each aspect, no differences were found. (3) Guidelines for promoting and developing leadership in the digital age of administrators of educational institutions under the Sakon Nakhon Secondary Educational Service Area Office consist of 5 areas: 1) having a modern leadership vision, 2) developing creativity, 3) paying attention to the needs of teachers and students, 4) increasing the efficiency of working together, and 5) promoting to have knowledge and ability.

Conclusion: The study found that educational administrators in Sakon Nakhon demonstrate strong leadership in the digital age across all areas, with no significant differences based on position, experience, or institution size. It also emphasizes five key strategies for improving leadership: cultivating a modern vision, creativity, attention to stakeholder needs, collaboration, and ongoing skill development.

The Student Affairs Management by Educational Institution Administrators under the Jurisdiction of the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office

Thunpisit Srisook — 2024-10-19

Background and Aims: The objectives of this research are as follows: 1) to study and compare student affairs administration of educational institution administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office. Classified by position Education level and the size of the educational institution. 2) To compare student affairs administration among educational institution administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office. Classified by position education level and the size of the educational institution. And 3) to study guidelines for developing student affairs administration among educational institution administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office.

Methodology: The sample in this research consisted of 331 school administrators and teachers. The sample size was determined according to Krejci and Morgan's table. Using the stratified random sampling method. The research tools consisted of a questionnaire with 5 rating scales and an interview form. Which has a consistency index between 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value for the entire questionnaire equal to 0.89. For data analysis, statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used, as t-tests and F-tests.

Results: The results of the research found that: (1) the level of student affairs administration of educational institution administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office. Overall and in each aspect are at a high level. (2) Comparison of opinions regarding student affairs administration among school administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office. Classified by position Education level and the size of the educational institution It was found that overall and in each aspect there were no differences. (3) Guidelines for promoting the development of student affairs administration for educational institution administrators under the Bueng Kan Primary Educational Service Area Office, consisting of 6 areas: 1) promoting guidance activities in educational institutions, 2) promotion of health, sports and recreation, 3) promotion of boy scouts, girl guides, and red cross youth activities, 4) promotion of democratic activities and student discipline, 5) promoting and developing student councils to strengthen student and youth organizations in educational institutions; and 6) promoting the protection of children's and youth's rights.

Conclusion: According to the findings, Bueng Kan school administrators perform well in all aspects of student affairs administration, with no significant differences based on position, education level, or institution size. It also outlines six key strategies for improving student affairs: promoting guidance, health, and recreational activities, developing leadership skills through scouting and democratic initiatives, strengthening student councils, and protecting children's rights.

The Role of Educational Institution Administrators in Operating the Student Care and Assistance System at Vocational Colleges in Chonburi Province

Rojanaka Kanokmahakul — 2024-10-19

Background and Aims: The objectives of this research are as follows: 1. to study and evaluate the operational level of the student care and assistance system. Students in vocational colleges in Chonburi Province 2. To compare the performance of the student care and assistance system in such colleges classified by status. and 3. to propose guidelines for operations related to the role of school administrators in developing student care and support systems for students in vocational colleges in Chonburi Province.

Methodology: The sample group in this research consisted of administrators and teachers from vocational educational institutions in Chonburi province, totaling 269 people, using questionnaires as a tool for collecting data. which has a reliability value of the questionnaire at 0.97. For data analysis, basic statistics were used, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. As for hypothesis testing, t-test statistics were used.

Results: The finding found that (1) The opinion regarding the role of educational institution administrators in operating the student care and support system Students in vocational colleges in Chonburi Province Overall it is at a high level. (2) Level of opinions regarding the role of educational institution administrators in operating the student care and assistance system, classified by gender, found that overall there was no difference. When considering each aspect, it was found that the areas of student promotion and development were significantly different at the 0.05 level. While knowing each student individually student screening Preventing and solving student problems. And in the forwarding aspect, no differences were found. (3) Level of opinion regarding the role of educational institution administrators in operating the student care and assistance system, classified by status It was found that there was a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level. Especially in the area of student screening and in the area of student promotion and development. which were significantly different at the 0.05 level, while no differences were found in other aspects.

Conclusion: The study discovered that vocational college administrators in Chonburi Province are widely perceived to play an important role in student care and support. While gender had no overall impact on these opinions, there were differences in student promotion and development, and status had a significant influence on perceptions in areas such as student screening and development (p < 0.05).

The Use of Good Governance Principles in Educational Institution Administration by Administrators of Vocational Educational Institutions in Chonburi Province

Watcharapol Panpet — 2024-10-19

Background and Aims: Administrators are considered to be the people who play the most important role in promoting and developing a culture of democracy and good governance in educational institutions. The management ability of the administrators affects various operations in the educational institution in order to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. This research aims to study and compare the use of good governance principles. Including guidelines for managing educational institutions under vocational education in Chonburi Province. Considering the gender, position, and work experience of executives in each area.

Methodology: The research sample consisted of 269 administrators and teachers in educational institutions under vocational education in Chonburi Province. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale with a confidence value of 0.97 and the concordance value (IOC) ranged from 0.8 to 1.00. There was a question about the use of good governance principles in the management of educational institutions among the said administrators. For data analysis, basic statistics were used, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Including testing with t-test and F-test to get accurate and reliable results.

Results: (1) The results of the study found that opinions regarding the use of good governance principles in the administration of educational institutions by administrators under the vocational education department in Chonburi Province Overall it is at a high level. (2) When classifying the use of good governance principles by gender It was found that overall there was no difference. But when considering each aspect It was found that the moral aspect transparency. And the responsibility aspect is significantly different at the 0.05 level, while there is no difference in other aspects. (3) For classification by status It was found that school administrators and teachers used good governance principles in the overall management of educational institutions. But when considering each aspect It was found that the principles of participation responsibility and value for money are significantly different at the 0.05 level, while other aspects are not different. (4) Classification according to work experience It was found that the overall use of good governance principles was not different. But when considering transparency, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level. While the rule of law, morality, value for money responsibility and there was no difference in participation.

Conclusion: The administration of an educational institution according to the principles of good governance consists of two groups of important people: 1) administrators, who are responsible for setting a clear vision, strategy, and policy for educational institution administration. 2) Teachers, whose role is to perform their duties in teaching and promoting the learning of pupils and students. Using a variety of teaching methods to develop students' full potential.

Management of Student Discipline in Educational Institutions under the Jurisdiction of the Buriram Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Khunchai Tamo — 2024-10-19

Background and Aims: This research aims to: 1) study and compare the opinions of personnel regarding the management of student discipline in educational institutions under the Buriram Secondary Educational Service Area Office. By gender size of the educational institution and academic positions. And 2) explore ways to develop the management of student discipline in educational institutions under the Buriram Secondary Educational Service Area Office.

Methodology: The sample used in this research consisted of 349 personnel under the Buriram Secondary Educational Service Area Office, which were obtained by stratified random sampling. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire with an IOC between 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value of 0.79. Including structured interviews for data analysis, statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used T-test and F-test.

Results: The research results found that (1) Management of student discipline in educational institutions under the jurisdiction of the Buriram Secondary Educational Service Area Office, overall, it is at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that management in every aspect was at a high level as well. (2) Results of comparative analysis of management in creating student discipline Classified by gender and size of educational institution It was found that there was a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level. As for classification by academic position, found that there was no difference. (3) Guidelines for developing management of student discipline in educational institutions under the Buriram Secondary Educational Service Area Office. It was found that the cause of the problem should be studied. Use culture in society to strengthen student discipline. Set and organize various extracurricular activities to strengthen student discipline. Strengthen morality within the classroom and create a network of cooperation to promote student discipline.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes the effectiveness of student discipline management in Buriram's educational institutions, demonstrating that overall management is strong in all areas. It also emphasizes the need for a cultural approach, extracurricular activities, and collaborative networks to improve student discipline while addressing identified areas for continuous improvement.

The School Budget Management under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4

Tasschasa Mongkonnatakorn — 2024-10-19

Background and Aims: Budgeting in its present form began in England around the 16^th-17^thcenturies. During that time The House of Representatives successfully reserved the power to approve government revenue and expenditures. This shows that current budgeting is related to the evolution of the governance system. After the preparation of this budget, it was extended to local government organizations, educational institutions, and other agencies, both public and private. The purpose of this research is to study and compare the level of opinions of personnel regarding budget management of schools under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4. Classified by position, school size, and work experience. Including the study of guidelines for developing budget management for schools under the said organization.

Methodology: The sample used in the research consisted of 196 school administrators and heads of budget management groups of educational institutions under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, which were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale with an IOC between 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value of 0.85. In addition, a structured interview was used to collect data for data analysis. Various statistics were used, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test and F-test.

Results: The results of the research are as follows: (1) School budget management Under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, the overall level is at a high level. And when considering each aspect, it was found that budget management was at a high level in every aspect. (2) Comparative analysis of budget management of schools under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, found to be significantly different at the 0.05 level. When classified by position but when classified by school size and work experience, no differences were found. (3) The budget management guidelines of schools under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4 that should be implemented include: Analysis of strengths and weaknesses Budget allocation is adequate and comprehensive. Having an internal audit system Creating a fundraising plan and using resources from outside agencies or stakeholders. Including having proof of receipt and payment. Preparing accurate accounts according to regulations and reporting information on supplies and equipment (M-OBEC), including creating up-to-date information on buildings, land, structures, and assets (B-OBEC).

Conclusion: Budget management of schools under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Office, District 4, that were all assessed were considered to have a high level of expertise. To ensure continued efficiency and transparency in financial management. There should be various guidelines such as detailed data analysis. Establishment of an internal audit system and recording information correctly All of which should be strictly implemented to strengthen confidence in the budget management process.

The Information Technology Management of Educational Institution Administrators under the Jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4

Kawin Saenkaew — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: This research aims to study 1) the level of information technology management of educational institution administrators under the supervision of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4. 2) Compare the level of opinions of personnel regarding information technology management among school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, classified by position. Size of the educational institution and length of service. 3) Study the information technology management methods of educational institution administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4.

Methodology: The research sample consisted of 327 administrators and teachers under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, which were obtained from stratified random sampling. The research tools consisted of a 5-level rating scale questionnaire and a structured interview. Which has an IOC value between 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value of 0.73. Statistics used in data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. T-test, F-test and pairwise difference test using Scheffe' method.

Results: The results of the research found that: (1) information technology management of educational institution administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, overall, was at a high level. When considering each aspect separately It was found that information technology management in all aspects was at a high level. (2) Results of comparative analysis of information technology management of educational institution administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, both in overall terms, each aspect, and each item. It was found that when classified according to the location and size of the educational institution. There is a statistically significant difference at the .05 level, however, when classified by years of service not differences found. (3) Guidelines for information technology management by administrators of educational institutions under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4 found that educational institutions should support information and communication technology budgets for use in teaching and learning. Including coordinating with networks from communities, government organizations, and the private sector to participate in technology and communication support for education.

Conclusion: The results of the study found that Information technology management by school administrators under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4 is overall at a high level. When considering each aspect separately It was found that information technology management in all aspects was also at a high level.

A Study of Project Management of Vocational Education Administrators in Kalasin Province Under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Ministry of Education

Chinoros Rungphon — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: The objectives of this research are as follows: 1) to study and compare the project management of administrators of vocational education institutions in Kalasin Province. which is under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission of the Ministry of Education. And 2) to find guidelines for developing project management for administrators of vocational education institutions in Kalasin Province. which is under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission of the Ministry of Education.

Methodology: The sample group in this research consisted of administrators of educational institutions and teachers under the vocational education department of Kalasin Province. Which is under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission of the Ministry of Education. There are a total of 6 colleges with 27 school administrators and 548 teachers and personnel, for a total of 575 people. The sample was randomly drawn using a stratified method. The research tool is a questionnaire that has a 5-level rating scale with a discriminatory power between 0.55 - 0.97 and a confidence value of 0.97. The statistics used in data analysis include percentages, averages, and values, standard deviation.

Results: The results of the research are as follows: (1) project management level vocational education administrators in Kalasin Province have a high level of project management. (2) Project management development guidelines: Project management development of vocational education administrators in Kalasin Province under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Ministry of Education, it was found that there are development guidelines as follows: 2.1 Project management development for college administrators: there should be a variety of development processes. Educational institution administrators should analyze basic information as a whole. Analyze policies, plans, and projects of various organizations, including analysis of weaknesses, strengths, and areas that should be developed. for effective planning. 2.2 Project initiation: school administrators should use participatory management principles in planning and setting strategies. Using systems thinking as a brainstorming process. This includes the participation of administrators, teachers, and organizing small group meetings. 2.3 Project implementation aspect: educational institution administrators should play a role in using art to motivate each personnel. By adhering to 5 principles in implementing the project: working with a feeling of willingness, full time, full of people, and full of energy, along with following up on the performance and upgrading the results of the project according to the framework specified in the operational plan. 2.4 Project closing: school administrators should evaluate their performance according to the operational plan for the past year. Including collecting and summarizing projects/activities along with analyzing data systematically in a systematic way.

Conclusion: Development of project management for college administrators there should be various processes for developing the skills of educational institution administrators. There should be an overall analysis of basic information. Analyze policies, plans and projects of various organizations, analyze weaknesses. Analysis of strengths Points that should be developed for effective planning.

Administration of the Educational Institution's Student Care and Support System Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4

Naiyana Namnil — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: This research has the following objectives: 1) to study and compare the level of opinions of personnel regarding the administration of the student support system in educational institutions under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4. By gender Work experience and the size of the educational institution and 2) to explore ways to develop the administration of the student care and support system in the same educational institution.

Methodology: The sample group in this research consisted of 327 personnel under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, using the Krejsi and Morgan sampling table. The research tools include a questionnaire with 5 rating scales and a structured interview. Which has an IOC value in the range of 0.80 to 1.00 and a confidence value of 0.83. In data analysis, various statistics were used, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test and F-test

Results: The research results include the following findings: (1) the administration of the student care and support system of educational institutions under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4 is overall at a high level. Which when considered in each aspect, it was found that administration in all aspects is at a high level. (2) Administration of the educational institution's student care and support system Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4 has a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level when classified by gender. While when classified by work experience and size of educational institution found that there was no difference. (3) Guidelines for the administration of the student care and support system of educational institutions under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4 found that data were collected through visiting students' homes. Using student behavior assessments to screen students organizing activities to make students know how to control themselves and strengthen skills in living with others. There is also cooperation between teachers, schools and parents in preventing and solving student problems. Including understanding and explaining to students and parents the need to refer students with problems for help.

Conclusion: The study found that the administration of the student care and support system at Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4 is effective, with high performance in all areas, though gender differences were found to be statistically significant. Furthermore, effective student care requires collaboration among schools, teachers, and parents, as well as the use of assessments and home visits to address and prevent student issues while encouraging self-control and social skills.

The Use of Digital Technology in the Administration of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office

Chattip Salidkul — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: This research aims to (1) study and compare the level of use of digital technology in the administration of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office. Separated by education level, age, and position of personnel. And (2) explore ways to develop the use of digital technology for administration in the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office.

Methodology: The sample used in the research consisted of 229 personnel from educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office, which were obtained by stratified sampling. The research tools included a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale, with an IOC between 0.80 – 1.00 and a confidence value of 0.91. In addition, structured interviews were used to collect data. Statistics used in data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-test, F-test, and pairwise difference test using the Scheffe method.

Results: The results of the research found that (1) the use of digital technology in administration of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office, overall, it is at a high level. And when considering each aspect, it was found that the use of digital technology in administration was at a high level in every aspect. (2) Results of comparative analysis of the use of digital technology in the administration of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office Classified by educational level found that there was no difference, while when classified by age and position It was found that there was a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level. (3) Guidelines for using digital technology in the administration of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office It was found that it was necessary to promote and support personnel in educational institutions to receive training and knowledge development through the internet network system. Teaching and learning are organized through E-Learning, DLIT, DLTV, Zoom, Microsoft Teams, including the use of technology to develop education in collaboration with network partners, both public and private, in various formats.

Conclusion: Current and future technological changes are occurring at a very high speed compared to past changes, which has a great impact on the management of educational institutions. Therefore, educational institution administrators need to adjust their management attitudes and concepts to be up-to-date and suitable for the changing situation that has occurred. To be able to manage educational institutions effectively in this digital age.

The Use of Technology in the Management of Educational Institution Administrators Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4

Kanokkarn Suebkha — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: Nowadays, technology clearly plays an important role in people's daily lives. We live in an era where borderless communication has made great progress. Various conveniences have been invented and developed that help in human life. Allows us to access information quickly and more conveniently. More and more, therefore, humans are beginning to see the importance of information and its use. As a result, technology has become an important part that strengthens the basic necessities of life. Learning and adapting to new technology is necessary now and in the future. This research aims to: (1) Study the level of use of technology in administration by school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4. (2) Compare opinions about the use of technology in administration between school administrators and teachers in Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4. (3) Study guidelines for developing the use of technology in the administration of school administrators in the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4.

Methodology: The research sample consisted of 317 school administrators and teachers. The sample size was determined according to Krejci and Morgan's table. This resulted in a consistency index between 0.80 and 1.00, while the reliability value of the entire questionnaire was 0.86. For data analysis, statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used. Including t-test. and examining the pairwise average by dividing the F value.

Results: The results of the research are as follows: (1) The use of technology in the management of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, overall and in each aspect, is at a high level. (2) Results of comparing opinions on the use of technology in the administration of educational institution administrators according to position. Work experience and the size of the educational institution found that there was no difference. (3) Guidelines for developing the use of technology in the administration of educational institution administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, consisting of 4 areas: 1) academic administration, 2) budget management, 3) Human resource management and 4) general administration

Conclusion: Development of the use of technology in the management of educational institution administrators under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, resulting in change and creating opportunities for the organization. modification organizational operating structure to increase efficiency in production and service relationships within the organization.

Promoting Teacher Development in Professional Advancement under the Jurisdiction of the Chonburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Chissanupong Moolprajak — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: Education is an important human, social, and national development tool. It serves as the main mechanism for creating quality personnel, which can live happily with others in society. In an era where the world is changing rapidly in the 21^stcentury. This research aims to study and compare the opinions of personnel regarding the promotion of teacher development in terms of professional advancement. Under the Chonburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. They will be divided according to academic status. Educational institution size and work experience Include studying ways to promote teacher development in this area.

Methodology: The sample used in the research consisted of 322 teachers from schools under the jurisdiction of the Chonburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, which were obtained from stratified sampling. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire with an IOC value in the range of 0.80 – 1.00 and a reliability value of 0.73. Structured interviews were also conducted to collect data. For data analysis, various statistics were used, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, t-test, and F-test.

Results: The results of the research found that: (1) the promotion and development of teachers in terms of professional advancement under the Chonburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 was overall at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the promotion and development of teachers in this area had a high level of progress in every aspect. (2) Results of comparative analysis of teacher promotion and development according to academic status. Educational institution size and work experience found that there was no difference. (3) For guidelines for developing and promoting the professional advancement of teachers under the Office of Chonburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, teachers should be encouraged to apply for higher levels of academic status. Allocate a budget for salary increases fairly and encourage personnel to get to know and develop themselves continuously.

Conclusion: Promoting the development of teachers in professional advancement under the jurisdiction of the Chonburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 should support personnel to have knowledge and develop themselves continuously. In addition, personnel should be encouraged to set work goals. Encourage the practice of presentation skills at every opportunity possible and encourage personnel to study and research new technologies to apply in teaching and to further develop their careers.

Characteristics of Educational Institution Administrators in the 21st Century under the Jurisdiction of the Chonburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 3

Phatthanaphisit Phromthet — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: In the 21st century, rapid technological advancements and innovations have significantly impacted educational institutions, compelling them to adapt and transform to remain relevant. Educational leaders must embrace organizational reforms and personal development to successfully navigate these changes and achieve their objectives. This research aims to: 1) assess the characteristics of educational administrators in the 21st century under the Sakon Nakhon Secondary Educational Service Area Office, 2) compare these characteristics based on position, educational level, and institution size, and 3) propose development guidelines for enhancing the leadership qualities of these administrators within the same context.

Methodology: The sample group for this research comprised 331 school administrators and teachers, with the sample size determined using Krejci and Morgan's table and randomly assigned to groups. The research instrument was a questionnaire based on a 5-level rating scale, with a consistency index ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and an overall reliability score of 0.89. Statistical methods employed for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and both T-value and F-value tests to assess the data.

Results: The research findings revealed that: (1) The overall characteristics of educational institution administrators in the 21st century under the Sakon Nakhon Secondary Educational Service Area Office, as well as each specific aspect, were rated at a high level. (2) When comparing opinions on the characteristics of these administrators by position, educational level, and institution size, significant differences were found across all aspects at the .05 statistical level. (3) Guidelines for enhancing the characteristics of 21st-century school administrators under this office included 10 key areas: 1) honesty and integrity, 2) trustworthiness and empowerment, 3) communication, collaboration, and connectivity, 4) positive energy, 5) confidence, 6) determination and perseverance, 7) willingness to learn, unlearn, and relearn, 8) creative and innovative entrepreneurship, 9) reliance on intuition, and 10) the ability to inspire through intelligence.

Administration of the Student Support System of Educational Institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office

Thanyapat Oomta — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: Research on "Administration of the student support system of educational institutions under the supervision of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office" has the objectives to (1) study the level of administration of the student support system of educational institutions under the supervision of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office. (2) Compare opinions of personnel regarding the administration of the student support system. Classified according to the position, duties and size of educational institutions. (3) Study guidelines for developing and improving the administration of student support systems in educational institutions in Chaiyaphum Province.

Methodology: The research sample consists of civil servants, government employees and contract employees who work in educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office in the academic year 2023, numbering 226 people. The sample size was determined using the Crejcie and Morgan tables. The tools used to collect data include a questionnaire with a reliability equal to 1 and a structured interview. Data analysis uses statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test, F-test, and qualitative data analysis.

Results: The results of the research found that (1) opinions regarding the administration of the student support system of educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office; Overall, it is at a moderate level. (2) When comparing opinions of personnel regarding the administration of the student support system. Classified by location and size of educational institution It was found that overall there was no difference and when considering the different aspects, no differences were found either. (3) Guidelines for developing the administration of the student care and support system include: 1) Knowing students individually: Educational institutions should seriously operate the student care and support system. By appointing a responsible person and storing student information up to date. 2) Student screening: Educational institutions should take information from each student to screen and divide students into groups according to specified criteria. 3) Problem prevention and resolution: Educational institutions should educate students about the problems they face. To provide students with knowledge and the ability to solve recurring problems. 4) Promoting student development: Educational institutions should organize activities that match the interests of students. To instill social responsibility. 5) Referral aspect: Educational institutions should coordinate with specialists related to student problems in order to provide appropriate assistance.

Conclusion: Administration of the student support system of educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office According to the opinions of personnel classified by position and the size of the educational institutions, overall, are not different When considering each aspect, it was found that every aspect was not different.

Creative Leadership in the Digital Age of School Administrators under the Jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Darat Dee-Ubon — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: The main objectives of this research are to: (1) study the level of creative leadership in the digital age of school administrators under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office. (2) Compare the creative leadership in the digital age of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office classified by educational level work experience and the size of the educational institution. (3) Study guidelines for developing creative leadership in the digital era for school administrators under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office classified by educational level work experience and the size of the educational institution.

Methodology: The sample group in this research is teachers under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office, 406 people, selected according to the proportion of the population and the sample size related to the number of schools. The tool used to collect data is a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale with a consistency index between 0.60-1.00 and a reliability value of 0.97. For data analysis, statistics were used, including percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test, One-way ANOVA, and F-test.

Results: The results of the research found that: (1) Creative leadership in the digital age of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office was overall at a high level. (2) Comparison of creative leadership in the digital age of administrators. Educational institutions under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office, classified by work experience It was found that overall every aspect was significantly different at the 0.05 level, with the average of executives with 15 years or more of work experience being higher than those of executives with less than 15 years of work experience. When classified according to the size of the educational institution It was found that overall there was no difference. and when classified by educational level It was found that overall there was no difference. (3) Guidelines for developing creative leadership in the digital age of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office consists of 6 areas: 1) Vision 2) teamwork and participation 3) creativity 4) digital skills 5) motivation 6) being a learning organization.

Conclusion: Creative leadership in the digital age of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Secondary Educational Service Area Office Continuous personal and professional development is required. Through seeking knowledge from various learning sources to enhance skills, processes, or methods that can be applied to solve problems and improve educational institution administration for maximum efficiency.

Operations Regarding Safe Educational Institutions of Educational Institutions under the Jurisdiction of the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Ketsirin Soihae — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: The purpose of this research is to study and compare the opinions of personnel regarding safe educational operations in educational institutions under the jurisdiction of Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. Classified by position educational institution size and work experience in addition, the objective is to study guidelines for promoting and developing the operation of safe educational institutions in educational institutions under the same affiliation.

Methodology: The sample group used in the research consisted of 317 personnel from educational institutions under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office, Area 2, obtained by stratified random sampling (Stratified Random Sampling). The research instrument was the questionnaire has a 5-level rating scale with an IOC between 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value (Cronbach's Alpha) equal to 0.79. Structured interviews were also used to collect additional information. Statistics used in data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test (t-test) and analysis of variance (ANOVA or F-test).

Results: The results of the research found that: (1) The operation of educational institutions is safe. of educational institutions under the jurisdiction of the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, overall and in each aspect It was found to be at a "very high" level in all aspects, which shows that the operation of safe educational institutions has been carried out efficiently in every dimension. (2) Results of comparative analysis operations in the area of safe educational institutions. Classified by position It was found that there was a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level while categorizing by school size and work experience found that there was no difference. (3) Operational guidelines Regarding safe educational institutions under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, it was found that: 1) In terms of preventive measures should proceed with the preparation of a safety plan that covers all dimensions. 2) Instilling measures safety workshops should be organized for teachers. educational personnel and students 3) suppression measures guidelines for managing or suppressing incidents should be established. Including assistance when an incident occurs in an educational institution and create mutual awareness in all sectors.

Conclusion: Operations regarding safe educational institutions of educational institutions. There should be a safety plan for educational institutions that covers all dimensions. Educational institutions provide an environment and atmosphere that is safe for students, teachers, and educational personnel. There are guidelines for managing or suppressing incidents. Assistance when an incident occurs in an educational institution and there are workshops on safety of educational institutions for teachers, educational personnel and students.

Vocational Education Administration, Bilateral System under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Kalasin Province

Suriya Kajronjit — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: Vocational education administration Dual system of educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission. It is a professional education arrangement that arises from an agreement between an educational institution and a business establishment. The main objective is to develop and train professional skills for students. To prepare for future work the objectives of this research are to study the following: (1) Level of administration of vocational education, dual system, of vocational education in Kalasin Province. According to the standards for managing vocational education in the dual system of the Vocational Education Commission. To assess the quality and efficiency of operations at the operational level. 2) Compare the level of vocational education administration in the dual system of vocational education in Kalasin Province. To find differences in management in various areas and the use of various approaches to develop educational quality. (3) Study guidelines for promoting or developing the administration of vocational education, a dual system, of educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Kalasin Province. To suggest ways to improve and develop educational administration to be more efficient.

Methodology: In this research the sample group used was a total of 196 people. The research tool was a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale, which had a confidence value of 0.81 and an internal consistency (IOC) in the range of 0.6-1.00. This questionnaire was designed to inquire about the administration of vocational education. Dual system of educational institutions under the Kalasin Provincial Vocational Education Institute. For data analysis use basic statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and statistical tests used to compare differences, including t-test and F-test.

Results: The results of the research found that: (1) Vocational education administration overall, it was at a high level. (2) Results of comparative analysis of opinions regarding vocational education administration classified by position, educational level, and size of educational institution found that there was no difference. (3) Guidelines for developing vocational education administration It is necessary to be supported and encouraged to be able to develop and adapt to the changes in today's industrial world. The various areas that should be developed include: 1) Quality of graduates: They must have knowledge and abilities that are accepted by the industry. 2) Curriculum development: Curriculum should be developed together with entrepreneurs and other stakeholders. 3) Measurement and evaluation: An effective measurement and evaluation system should be developed. 4) Cooperation between Educational institutions and business establishments: There should be strong relationships and cooperation in developing students.

Conclusion: Vocational education administration Dual system of educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Kalasin Province. It is necessary to strengthen cooperation between educational institutions and enterprises. By giving the private sector an opportunity to participate in setting criteria and guidelines in various areas to be clear and consistent with the needs of the labor market. In this regard, there should be an effective evaluation process in order for management to be systematic and produce good results.

Technology Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators under the Lopburi Provincial Learning Promotion Office

Wantanee Ruearluang — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: Nowadays, technology play an important role in the management of educational institutions. Educational institution administrators need to have technological leadership to be able to manage education effectively. Using existing technology in the management process, promoting and supporting personnel under the organization. It will greatly increase the usefulness and efficiency of work in today's era. Therefore, it is necessary to develop, improve and modernize the existing education system. and consistent with technological changes this research has the following objectives: (1) Study the level of technological leadership of educational institution administrators under the Lopburi Provincial Learning Promotion Office. (2) Compare the technological leadership of educational institution administrators under the Lopburi Provincial Learning Promotion Office classified by position education level and work experience. (3) Study guidelines for developing technological leadership of educational institution administrators under the Lopburi Provincial Learning Promotion Office.

Methodology: The sample group used in the research included 127 school administrators and teachers under the Lopburi Provincial Learning Promotion Office. The sample size was determined according to Krejci and Morgan's table. and the sample was selected using stratified random sampling. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire using a 5-level rating scale with a consistency index between 0.80-1.00 and the reliability of the entire questionnaire was 0.96. In addition, interviews were used as additional tools. In data analysis use a variety of statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-test, F-test, and Scheffe's Method analysis.

Results: The results of the research found that: (1) Technology leadership of school administrators under the Lopburi Provincial Learning Promotion Office overall and in each aspect, it is at a "very" level. (2) Technology leadership comparison results of administrators of educational institutions under the Lopburi Provincial Learning Promotion Office classified by position Education level and work experience It was found that overall and, in each aspect, there were no differences. However, when classified according to work experience It was found that overall, there were no differences. But in terms of supporting the use of technology in measurement and evaluation. There is a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level. (3) Guidelines for developing technology leadership of educational institution administrators under the Lopburi Provincial Learning Promotion Office, it consists of 5 main areas: 1) Having leadership and technology vision, 2) supporting teaching and learning using technology, 3) ethics in using technology, 4) supporting the use of technology in administration, 5) supporting the use of technology in measurement and evaluate.

Conclusion: Technology leadership of educational institution administrators’ emphasis should be placed on appropriate management and application of technology in educational institutions. To achieve maximum efficiency in operations and development of educational quality.

Skills of Educational Institution Administrators in the 21st Century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Pathum Thani Province

Pantagarn Saisiang — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: The world in the 21^st century has undergone marked changes from the 20^th century, especially in the advancement of digital technology. This makes our world noticeably borderless or narrower. This change has a huge impact on all sectors. Including administration in educational institutions in the new era educational administrators in the 21^stcentury must therefore play an important role in setting directions, policies, and leading educational institutions to success. With outstanding characteristics such as high intellectual skills professionalism in management Having a creative mind, a good attitude, and a broad vision. This research has the following objectives: (1) Study the level of skills of educational institution administrators in the 21^stcentury under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province. (2) Compare the level of opinions of personnel on the skills of educational institution administrators in the 21^st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province. Classified by educational level, position, and work experience. (3) Study guidelines for developing the skills of educational institution administrators in the 21^st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province.

Methodology: The sample group used in the research was 348 personnel under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province, in the academic year 2023, which were obtained by stratified random sampling. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire that was a 5-level rating scale with an IOC value in the range of 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value of 0.88. In addition, a structured interview was used as a secondary tool to supplement additional information. For the statistics used in data analysis, such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test, F-test and pairwise difference test using Scheffe' method.

Results: The results of the research found that (1) skills of educational institution administrators in the 21^st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province overall, it was at the "high" level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the skills of school administrators in the 21^st century were at the "high" level in every aspect. (2) Results of a comparative analysis of the skills of school administrators in the 21^stcentury, classified by educational level, position, and work experience found that: 1) Skills of educational institution administrators according to educational level and position Overall, the differences were statistically significant at the .05 level. 2) Skills of school administrators according to work experience. Overall, they are not different. (3) Guidelines for developing the skills of school administrators in the 21^st century. It was found that administrators organized workshops to provide teachers with knowledge and understanding about using the curriculum. As well as developing a competency-based teaching curriculum in collaboration with business establishments and outside agencies. There is also personnel development to create innovations, technology, and inventions for teaching and learning. Use technology to learn and there are adequate learning resources with information technology systems available Promote and support teachers and instructors to have knowledge and understanding and be able to follow measurement and evaluation regulations correctly.

Conclusion: Skills of educational administrators in the 21^st century. Administrators understand principles and concepts. management theory Able to apply and manage according to the situation effectively, able to manage resources efficiently, systematically and to maximum benefit.

Educational Institution Administration Using the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy under the Jurisdiction of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office

Cheewarak Koprasertsud — 2024-10-20

Background and Aims: Education is an important factor that helps develop the people and the nation in every aspect. The Ministry of Education therefore has a policy to develop every educational institution to be able to carry out teaching and learning according to the philosophy of sufficiency economy. Focusing on quality and sustainable development so that the educational institution can be a learning center according to the aforementioned philosophy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model for organizing learning activities and school administration in line with the philosophy of the sufficiency economy. This research has three objectives: (1) A study of educational institution administration using the philosophy of sufficiency economy in educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office. (2) Comparison of educational institution administration using the philosophy of sufficiency economy in educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office. And (3) a study of guidelines for developing educational institution administration using the philosophy of sufficiency economy in educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office.

Methodology: The research sample consisted of 280 school administrators and teachers under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office. The research tools were questionnaires and interviews. which is a 5-level rating scale. The reliability value was 0.90 and the consistency value (IOC) was in the range of 0.8 to 1.00 for basic statistics used in data analysis, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Statistics used in hypothesis testing include T-test, F-test, and Scheffe's Method.

Results: The results of the research found that (1) the administration of educational institutions using the philosophy of sufficiency economy under the Office of Learning Promotion, Chaiyaphum Province Overall it is at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that all aspects of educational institution administration using the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy were at a high level. The side with the highest average is Academic administration. (2) Comparative analysis of educational institution administration using the philosophy of sufficiency economy classified by position Education level and experience in performing budget work, it was found that: 1) Management of educational institutions using the philosophy of sufficiency economy classified by position overall there is no difference. 2) School administration using the philosophy of sufficiency economy. classified by educational level, it was found that overall, there were differences. 3) School administration using the philosophy of sufficiency economy categorized by work experience, it was found that those with less than 3 years of management experience, 3 – 5 years, and more than 5 years had statistically significantly different opinions. (3) Guidelines for developing educational institution administration using the philosophy of sufficiency economy under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office. Divided into each area, including general administration, budget management and academic administration.

Conclusion: School administrators and teachers are aware of the importance of school administration using the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy. Under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office, there are clear operating procedures. There is coordination and cooperation both inside and outside the educational institution, all sectors, communities and related agencies. Applied in educational operations efficient administration of educational institutions using the philosophy of sufficiency economy according to the context of each educational institution. It will cause the promotion and development of students with good results, being accepted and trusted by the community and society, showing the potential of the educational institution in terms of educational institution administration.

Development of Morality and Ethics in Educational Institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Pathum Thani Province

Ornnutcha Jommuang — 2024-10-22

Background and Aims: Developing a nation to compete with advanced countries requires prioritizing human resource development, with education serving as the foundation of this progress. Quality education establishes a sustainable knowledge base, essential for achieving economic, social, and political growth. This study aims to: (1) evaluate the level of moral and ethical development among staff in vocational institutions governed by the Vocational Education Commission in Pathum Thani Province; (2) compare staff perspectives on moral and ethical growth based on variables such as gender, position, and age; and (3) identify effective strategies to enhance moral and ethical standards within these educational institutions in Pathum Thani Province.

Methodology: The sample group for this research included 348 personnel from institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission in Pathum Thani Province during the 2023 academic year, selected via stratified random sampling. Research tools comprised a questionnaire using a 5-point rating scale, which had an Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) value ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, a reliability coefficient of 0.83, and a structured interview. Data analysis utilized statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, along with t-tests, F-tests, and pairwise comparisons using Scheffe’s method.

Results: The research results indicated that: (1) The overall level of morality and ethics development in educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission in Pathum Thani Province was rated high across all dimensions, with consistently high ratings for each specific aspect. (2) Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in morality and ethics development based on gender and position at the 0.05 significance level, but no significant differences were found based on age. (3) Guidelines for enhancing morality and ethics emphasized systematic professional oversight, recognition of outstanding personnel, and structured curricula for moral and ethical growth. The Office of the Vocational Education Commission highlighted merit-based assessments grounded in moral principles, clear standards, and well-defined workloads. Additionally, educational administrators demonstrated effective leadership by modeling rational behavior, prioritizing reason over emotion.

Administration of Vocational Education Bilateral System of Educational Institutions under the Office of the Commission Rayong Province Vocational Education

In-touch Piphatsathitporn — 2024-10-22

Background and Aims: The study of bilateral vocational education administration in educational institutions under the Rayong Vocational Education Institute aims to: (1) assess the level of vocational education administration within the bilateral system of vocational institutes in Rayong Province, based on the standards set by the Vocational Education Commission; (2) compare the levels of vocational education administration between different vocational education institutes in Rayong Province; and (3) explore guidelines for promoting or developing the administration of vocational education under the bilateral system within institutions under the Rayong Vocational Education Institute.

Methodology: The study involved 201 participants in the sample group. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires with a 5-point rating scale and structured interviews, yielding Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) values between 0.80 and 1.00, and a reliability coefficient of 0.97. Statistical analysis included t-tests, F-tests, as well as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation to effectively interpret the data.

Results: (1) The Rayong Vocational Education Institute oversees a bilateral system of educational institutions, and the vocational education administration demonstrates a high level of proficiency in four main areas: curriculum, measurement and evaluation, collaboration between establishments and educational institutions, and graduate quality. (2) Using a t-test, vocational education administration in the bilateral system was analyzed based on categories such as position, educational level, individual items, and overall assessment. An F-test was also conducted to assess differences according to the size of the educational institutions. While administrators and teachers from different positions, educational backgrounds, and institution sizes had varied opinions on vocational education administration, there were no significant overall differences in perception. (3) Comprehensive guidelines for enhancing the administration of vocational education in the bilateral system should focus on four key areas: 1) improving graduate quality, 2) enhancing the curriculum, 3) fostering collaboration between businesses and educational institutions, and 4) refining measurement and evaluation processes.

Academic Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators under the Jurisdiction of Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Office Area 2

Tanantikarn Ratsuanjit — 2024-10-22

Background and Aims: Education plays a critical role in developing individuals, society, and the nation, serving as a driving force for sustainable national development and fostering harmonious living within communities. Administrators of educational institutions hold a key position in ensuring that education adapts to evolving economic, social, and technological landscapes. To meet these challenges, leaders must be skilled in managing change and enhancing academic quality. This research aims to: 1) examine the academic leadership level of school administrators under Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Office Area 2, 2) compare their leadership based on position, experience, and school size, and 3) explore strategies for developing their academic leadership.

Methodology: The research sample consisted of 310 school administrators and teachers, selected based on Krejci and Morgan's table and randomly divided into groups. A 5-level rating scale questionnaire was used as the research instrument, with a consistency index ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and an overall reliability score of 0.86. Statistical methods applied in the data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test to evaluate and compare the findings.

Results: The research findings are as follows: (1) The academic leadership of educational institution administrators under Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Office Area 2, both overall and in each specific area, is at a high level. (2) A comparison of opinions on academic leadership, classified by position, work experience, and school size, revealed no significant differences across these factors. (3) Guidelines for promoting academic leadership among school administrators include eight key areas: 1) raising awareness in meetings and setting high expectations for student academic achievement, 2) showing enthusiasm for implementing school improvement strategies, 3) providing incentives and rewards for academic efforts, 4) tracking academic progress, 5) creatively utilizing resources and personnel, 6) ensuring the school environment is pleasant, orderly, and safe, 7) monitoring teachers' instructional practices, and 8) observing teaching and giving constructive feedback.

Conclusion: Overall, the study reveals that school administrators in Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Office Area 2 exhibit strong perceptions of academic leadership, which are consistent regardless of their position, experience, or the size of their institutions. To further enhance leadership effectiveness, the suggested guidelines emphasize the importance of fostering a supportive environment, implementing practical strategies for school improvement, and closely monitoring both students' academic progress and teaching practices. These measures are designed to ensure that academic leadership continues to positively impact educational outcomes.

Promoting the use of School Curriculum under the Jurisdiction of Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2

Rattanaporn Ninlapat — 2024-10-22

Background and Aims: The purposes of this research are to: (1) study the level of promotion of the use of the curriculum of educational institutions under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2. (2) Compare the level of opinions of personnel regarding promoting the use of the curriculum in educational institutions under the jurisdiction of the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2, divided by position. Size of the educational institution and work experience. (3) Study guidelines for developing and promoting the use of the curriculum of educational institutions under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2.

Methodology: The sample group in this research consisted of 317 personnel from educational institutions under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2, which were obtained from stratified random sampling. The tool used to collect data was a questionnaire with an IOC between 0.80 – 1.00. And had a reliability value of 0.91 including a structured interview. Statistics used in data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test statistic, and F-test statistic.

Results: The results of the research found that: (1) promoting the use of the curriculum in educational institutions Under the jurisdiction of the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2, overall and each aspect is at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that Promotion of the use of the curriculum in all aspects is also at a high level. (2) Comparison of promoting the use of the curriculum of educational institutions classified by position size of the educational institution and work experience found that there were no significant differences. (3) Guidelines for promoting the use of the curriculum in educational institutions. It was found that educational institutions should set guidelines for personnel to check the consistency of the curriculum. There are workshops on how to use the curriculum. Establish an academic center to support and promote the use of the curriculum. Including training in developing measurement and evaluation tools. along with continuously checking the effectiveness of the quality of the curriculum.

Conclusion: Within the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2, the assessment found that the educational institution's commitment to the curriculum is commendable. Demonstrate a deep understanding of all dimensions of curriculum use. The analysis also highlights consistency in promoting the use of the curriculum across educational contexts, with a focus on consistent policies and supporting frameworks. To guarantee the effectiveness and maintain the quality of operations.

Academic Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators under the Jurisdiction of Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2

Apisara Sumagcha — 2024-10-22

Background and Aims: Education is a process that enhances knowledge and skills in individuals. To be able to live effectively in society It is a tool that promotes learning for everyone from birth and throughout life, through a variety of formats suitable for each age group. Educational institution administrators need to have academic leadership qualities. which is considered an important factor in the management of educational institutions Because educational institutions have unique characteristics that are different from general organizations. This research therefore has the following objectives: (1) To study the academic leadership level of educational institution administrators under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2. (2) To compare the academic leadership level of educational institution administrators according to various characteristics such as gender, age, and size of the educational institution. And (3) to study the possibility of developing the academic leadership of educational institution administrators under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2.

Methodology: The sample used in the research consisted of 317 personnel from the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2, which was obtained by stratified random sampling. The tools used in the research are a questionnaire with 5 rating scales, with IOC values between 0.80 and 1.00. And had a confidence value of 0.76. In addition, a structured interview was used as an additional tool. Statistics used in data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test (t-test), and F-test.

Results: The results of the research found that: (1) The academic leadership of educational institution administrators under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2 was overall at the "high" level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the academic leadership of Executives is at a "high" level in every aspect. (2) The results of the analysis of the comparison of opinions on academic leadership of school administrators according to various characteristics, including gender and age, found that there were no statistical differences. But when classified according to the size of the educational institution It was found that there was a statistically significant difference at the .05 level. (3) Guidelines for developing academic leadership of educational institution administrators under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Office Area 2 found that: administrators should establish a committee to evaluate and monitor the implementation of the curriculum. Including internal supervision creates an environment that is conducive to teaching and learning. Support teachers to receive academic training that is consistent with the goals of the educational institution. There is a meeting of teachers to jointly consider the educational progress of the educational institution.

Conclusion: Administrators have the knowledge and ability to lead educational institutions to progress. Must have knowledge and ability in academic work. Promote a teaching and learning atmosphere within educational institutions. Evaluate and monitor the progress of staff and students for maximum efficiency.

The Budget Management Supported by the Government Sector to Systemic Private Schools, Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Molthakran Deekhuntod — 2024-10-22

Background and Aims: Budgetary management of educational institutions focuses on management independence. This makes it flexible, transparent, and auditable. By adhering to management principles that focus on achievement and operating results. Budget management in this way also places importance on profiting from the educational institution's assets. Including generating income from various services to support efficient management and maximum educational benefits. This results in better quality for learners. The objective of this research is to study and compare the level of opinions of personnel towards budget management supported by the government sector of private schools in the system, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Classified according to position and duty education level and experience in budget operations In addition, the objective is to study guidelines for managing budgets supported by the government sector of private schools in Nakhon Ratchasima Province.

Methodology: The sample group used in the research was personnel from private schools in the system. In Nakhon Ratchasima Province, a total of 354 people, were obtained by stratified random sampling. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire using a 5-level rating scale, with an IOC value between 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value equal to 0.72. In addition, a structured interview was used. To collect additional information data analysis uses a variety of statistics including: Finding frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, and testing differences between groups using Scheffe's method. (Scheffé's Method) to compare data in cases where there are many groups.

Results: The results of the research found that (1) budget management supported by the government sector of private schools in the system of Nakhon Ratchasima Province Overall is at a high level. When considering each area, it was found that budget management in all areas was at a high level. (2) Results of comparative analysis of budget management supported by the government sector of private schools in the system, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Classified by position and experience in budget work. Found that there was no difference but when classified according to educational level, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference at the .05 level. (3) Guidelines for managing budgets supported by the government sector of private schools in the system, Nakhon Ratchasima Province found that educational institutions have effective ways to organize and manage budgets. Emphasis is placed on budget allocation that takes into account output and cost of output. There is a procurement system that is orderly, concise, transparent, and can be audited. Moreover, complete accounting documents are used. And there is a continuous internal audit. To manage the budget according to the principles of good management.

Conclusion: The research results found that Budget management in private schools in Nakhon Ratchasima Province has been significantly improved thanks to government support which helps to enhance excellence in every aspect. It also emphasizes the importance of consistent policy and strict adherence to procedures in budget allocation. Focusing on work efficiency and responsibility in using resources in a worthwhile and effective manner.

The Important Role of Vegetable Festival in Phuket; The Faith to Mediums for the Gods

Kittikorn Viboonsri — 2024-10-22

Background and Aims: The tradition of eating vegetables in Phuket Province. Some beliefs influence the way of life that appears in traditions from cultural inheritance. Especially the royal horses who perform ritual duties and the people who work together. The important role of the royal horse in the tradition of eating vegetables comes from belief and faith in continuing the tradition from the past to the present. The purpose of this study was to explore the important role of vegetable-eating traditions in Phuket Province.

Methodology: This study was conducted by studying and analyzing documents related to the tradition of eating vegetables in Phuket Province. Then the content was analyzed and presented descriptively.

Results: This tradition is divided into 3 periods: the pre-event preparation period the day before the tradition, during the tradition, and the day after the tradition. 1. Preparation is a time of cleaning various appliances. 2. During traditional days it is a stage of practice. In addition, there are various miracles performed by the horses, such as the torture of oneself through various methods. 3. After the tradition, there will be a ceremony to pour sago teng. The Ceremony Kho Kun is feeding soldiers sweet and savory food it’s called Kui Chow.

Conclusion: Phuket’s traditional vegetable eating festival. The shrines are performed space. By a short a short period according to schedule along with organizing various activities. This area has created a bond with people in the community. The people who come to interact with the Vegetable Festival Various activities are organized with enhancement. The Phuket Vegetable Festival became part of the artificial space for tourism.

The Development of Science Learning Activities Package followed Inquiry-Based Learning for Primary School Students in Pathum Thani Province

Witsanu Suttiwan — 2024-10-25

Background and Aims: Teaching game techniques have been known to teachers for a long time and remain effective today. There are many types of games, but board games are currently popular. Board games are widely used in various subjects, including science because game designers can create mechanisms that train and develop students in diverse ways. This research aims to: 1) develop the science learning activities package following inquiry-based learning for primary school students in Pathum Thani province, 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the science learning activities package following inquiry-based learning for primary school students in Pathum Thani province, according to the 75/75 standard criteria. and 3) study the consequences of using the science learning activities package followed by inquiry-based learning for primary school students in Pathum Thani Province to improve academic achievement and scientific process skills for elementary students in Pathum Thani Province.

Methodology: The target group for this research consists of students from small, medium, and large elementary schools in Pathum Thani Province, selected through purposive sampling. The research tools include the science learning activities package followed by inquiry-based learning for primary school students in Pathum Thani province. Data collection instruments include 1) an academic achievement test, 2) a scientific process skills assessment, and 3) a satisfaction questionnaire regarding the science learning activities. Statistical methods used for data analysis include percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

Results: 1) The efficiency of the science learning activities package followed by inquiry-based learning for primary school students in Pathum Thani province was found to be (E1/E2) 81.66/75.50, which is higher than the established efficiency criteria of 75/75. 2) The academic achievement of students who engaged in the science learning activities package followed inquiry-based learning for primary school students in Pathum Thani province was significantly higher after the learning activities compared to before, at a significance level of .05. and 3) The scientific process skills of students who participated in the science learning activities package followed inquiry-based learning for primary school students in Pathum Thani province were overall at a high level. 4) The overall satisfaction of students with the science learning activities package followed by inquiry-based learning for primary school students in Pathum Thani province was at the highest level. When considering individual aspects, content, learning activities, and the benefits gained from the activities were all rated at the highest level.

Conclusion: The science learning activity package, combined with the use of board games, integrates multimedia that can enhance students' learning outcomes. Additionally, board games can spark interest in the subject matter and help connect students with complex scientific content or skills.

Operating Efficiency of the Aviation Industry in Thailand: Perspective from Executives

Nisara Paethrangsi — 2024-10-26

Background and Aims: Strategies for airlines to enhance operational efficiency in resource management to maximize benefits, including the use of technology to reduce operating time and improve customer service processes, personnel management, and aircraft utilization, contribute to the improvement of internal efficiency. Furthermore, airlines are required to adhere to stringent aviation laws to prevent safety and legal issues. This study seeks to examine the operational strategies of airlines in Thailand.

Methodology: This research was conducted through in-depth interviews with senior executives from airlines and allied aviation sectors. The acquired data were evaluated both contextually and comparatively to explain the functions of various operational strategies, including ground operations, crew management, maintenance, and regulatory compliance.

Results: The findings indicate that efficient operational strategies significantly enhance the operational efficiency and competitiveness of airlines in Thailand. Efficient ground service management enhances customer satisfaction and minimizes wait times. Effective management of training and rest periods for crew members enhances operational preparedness and safety. Preventive maintenance and the implementation of new technology mitigate operational hazards and minimize flight cancellations. Adhering according to the laws and regulations of the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand enhances safety and fosters passenger confidence. Executives highlighted difficulties in executing strategies, including a lack of competent workers and the need to adapt to technological and regulatory changes.

Conclusion: These findings Critical tactics from the executives' viewpoint indicate that prompt, timely ground services and the professionalism of crew members influence client happiness. Utilizing technology in maintenance mitigates risks and decreases flight cancellations. Adherence to regulations influences passenger safety and trust. The study's conclusions can serve as a roadmap for airlines in Thailand looking to boost productivity, foster expansion, and become more competitive on the international scene.

A Study on the Essential Needs for Developing the Bachelor of Education Curriculum in Physical Education

Thapana Choijaroen — 2024-10-30

Background and Aims: This study aims to examine the essential needs and guidelines for the development of the Bachelor of Education curriculum in Physical Education. In establishing educational programs, especially in this field, curriculum developers must understand the needs of stakeholders to create a curriculum that is relevant and meets the expectations of graduates' users.

Methodology: A qualitative research approach, utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews. The sample for this study consists of 30 individuals divided into three groups: Group 1 included graduates users such as school directors and educational personnel (regular teachers) 10 peoples; Group 2 comprised undergraduate students majoring in Physical Education 10 peoples; and Group 3 consisted of secondary school students interested in the field 10 peoples. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis methods.

Results: The findings revealed that all three groups provided consistent suggestions and needs across four key areas: knowledge, skills, characteristics of Physical Education teachers, and ethical considerations. In terms of knowledge, it was essential for educators to possess a foundational understanding of bodily movement, the structure and functions of various body parts, sports rules and regulations, as well as basic first aid in sports. Regarding skills, emphasis should be placed on the ability to effectively convey theoretical and practical knowledge, alongside competencies in learning management and creative teaching design. Additionally, skills in organizing sports competitions were highlighted.

Conclusion: In terms of characteristics, it is crucial for educators to exemplify good behavior both inside and outside the educational institution, demonstrate effective leadership, appropriately respond to situations, and possess strong interpersonal skills. Finally, with respect to ethics, teachers should adhere to professional ethics, avoid engaging in vices, and embody the four sublime states of mind. In summary, the integration of knowledge, skills, characteristics, and ethical principles is vital in cultivating quality Physical Education teachers, which positively impacts future learning outcomes.