Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal

Guidelines for the Development of Participatory Management in Educational Institutions under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Adisak Phoeisiri — 2025-11-15

Background and Aims: Participatory management helps promote cooperation among administrators, teachers, students, parents, and communities to effectively develop educational institutions. Allowing all parties to participate in decision-making makes management more transparent and responsive to the needs of the school. This study, therefore, aims to 1) Study the current situation, desired conditions, and needs for participatory management in educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, and 2) Study the guidelines for developing participatory management in educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: This research is Qualitative Research. The sample group used in the study is school administrators, the chairman of the Basic Education Commission, and teachers under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Area Office 2, totaling 331 people. The sample size was determined by opening a comparison table to find the sample group of Krejci and Morgan. The instrument was a 5-level questionnaire paired response type. The statistics used for data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI _modified) technique was used to prioritize the needs.

Results: The Study found that 1) the current conditions, the desired conditions, and the necessities of participatory administration of educational institutions, the current conditions, overall and in each aspect, were at a moderate level, with an average value of 3.11. The desired conditions of participatory administration of educational institutions, overall and in each aspect, were at the highest level, with an average value of 4.83. The overall necessities had a PNI _Modified necessities index value of 0.553. The necessities were ranked from highest to lowest, namely, planning, implementation, decision-making, and monitoring and evaluation, respectively. 2) The guidelines for developing participatory administration of educational institutions consisted of 4 aspects and 20 guidelines. Overall, the results of the evaluation of suitability were at the highest level, with an average value of 4.80, and the feasibility was at the highest level, with an average value of 4.74.

Conclusion: Participatory management of educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 is important in developing the quality of education. It focuses on cooperation from all sectors, such as teachers, parents, communities, and various organizations, to enhance cooperation and joint decision-making in developing human resources and students’ education. The development of this cooperative form of management helps educational institutions to be efficient and sustainable in their development, both in terms of management and development of educational quality under a context appropriate for the area and changes in society.

The Competency of School Administrators Affecting the Effectiveness of School Administration under Nong Bua Lamphu Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Pantipa Tiwthong — 2025-11-15

Background and Aims: School administrators' competence plays a key role in school effectiveness, encompassing strategic management competence, leadership, decision-making, and personnel development. Administrators with vision and management competence help create an environment conducive to learning, fostering collaboration between teachers, students, and communities, which leads to quality education and overall school success. The objectives of this research were: 1) to study the level of competence of school administrators, 2) to study the level of school effectiveness, 3) to study the relationship between school administrators’ competence and school effectiveness, and 4) to study the predictive power of school administrators’ competence on school effectiveness.

Methodology: This research is qualitative. The sample group used in this research is administrators and teachers, a total of 313, who were randomly selected by Stratified Random Sampling in proportion to school size. The tool used in collecting data this time is a questionnaire. The statistics used are the mean and standard deviation, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results: It was found that 1) The overall level of school administrators' competence was at the very best level. The average values from highest to lowest were vision setting, communication and motivation, personnel development, and analysis and synthesis, respectively. 2) The overall level of school effectiveness was at the highest level. The average values from highest to lowest were general administration, academic administration, personnel administration, and budget administration, respectively. 3) The correlation coefficient between school administrators' competence and school effectiveness under the Nong Bua Lamphu Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 showed a positive relationship in all aspects with statistical significance at the .01 level, in order. The school administrators' competence was in vision (X4) (y) at the highest level (r = .842) or 84.2 percent, followed by personnel development (X3). The relationship between school effectiveness was (r = .826) or 84.2 percent. 82.60 and the analysis and synthesis aspect (X1) has a relationship with the school effectiveness at (r = .780) or 60.61. For the communication and motivation aspect (X2), the relationship with the school effectiveness is at (r = .547), accounting for 54.7 percent, respectively. 4) The predictive power of the school administrators' competence towards the effectiveness of schools under the Nong Bua Lamphu Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, consists of 3 aspects: personnel potential development (X₃), vision (X₄), and analysis and synthesis (X₁). When entered into the regression equation, the multiple correlation coefficient will be equal to 90.30 (R = .903) or 90.30 percent, which is statistically significant at the .01 level. The prediction coefficient or predictive power is 81.50 percent (R ² = 0.815). The regression coefficient of the school administrators' competence that affects the effectiveness of schools under the Nong Bua Lamphu Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 is the highest aspect. It is the aspect of personnel potential development (X₃), followed by having a vision (X₄), and analysis and synthesis (X₁), respectively, with regression coefficients in the form of standard scores (b) equal to .437 (X₃), .298 (X₄), and .260 (X₁), which can create a forecasting equation from the regression coefficients of predictors in the form of raw scores (B) and the form of standard scores. ( \bar{X}= 2.63).

Conclusion: The competencies of school administrators are significantly related to school effectiveness. The competencies with the highest impact are personnel potential development, followed by vision and analysis, and synthesis, which help schools to have efficient administration in all aspects. Furthermore, these competencies can be used as predictive factors to clearly enhance school success.

The Development of a Training Curriculum on Active Learning Management to Enhance the Competencies of Primary School Teachers

Kamontip Dok-in — 2025-11-15

Background and Aims: Active learning management is the application of various teaching methods and teaching techniques to design lesson plans and organize learning activities to encourage learners to participate in learning, promote interaction between learners and teachers in the classroom, and promote learners to have characteristics consistent with the changes in the current era. This research aims to (1) study fundamental information and identify the needs for the development of the training curriculum on active learning management to enhance teacher competencies, (2) draft the training curriculum, (3) implement the training curriculum on active learning management to enhance the competencies of primary school teachers, and (4) evaluate the training curriculum's effectiveness.

Methodology: This research is a research and development divided into 4 phases: Phase 1: Study of basic information and needs for training curriculum development from a sample group of 322 primary school teachers in the Office of the Primary Education Area 1, Ubon Ratchathani. The sample group was determined using the Krejci and Morgan table, randomly selected, and the target group used for focus group discussions was 7 school administrators, educational supervisors, and teachers, selected by purposive sampling. Phase 2: Drafting a training curriculum for active learning management to enhance learner competence for primary school teachers, and investigating its effectiveness by 7 experts. Phase 3: Implementing the training curriculum for active learning management to enhance learner competence for primary school teachers. The sample group was 30 primary school teachers in the 21st Educational Institution Network, Muang Sam Sip District. Phase 4: Evaluating the training curriculum for active learning management to enhance learner competence for primary school teachers. The tools used were questionnaires, training curriculum, tests, and curriculum evaluation forms. The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

Results: 1) The current status of active learning management to enhance learner competence for primary school teachers is at a low level overall, and the level of training needs is at a high level overall. 2) The developed training curriculum consists of 7 components: (1) background and importance (2) principles of the curriculum (3) objectives of the curriculum (4) content of the curriculum (5) training activities (6) media and learning resources and (7) measurement and evaluation, which are at a high level of consistency and overall appropriateness at a high level as well. 3) The results of implementing the training curriculum by using the training curriculum with 30 primary school teachers. The training on active learning management to enhance learner competence found that teachers had knowledge and ability after the training, with an average score of 94.27 percent, passing the 80 percent criterion for everyone, and were able to create an active learning management plan with a very good quality level. The teachers who received the training were satisfied with the active learning management to enhance learner competence, with the highest level of overall satisfaction. 4) The results of the evaluation of the curriculum after the training found that overall, all aspects were at the highest level. When considering each aspect, it was found that all aspects were at the highest level as well.

Conclusion: The training course on active learning management to enhance learner competence for elementary school teachers can develop teachers' knowledge and ability in active learning management to a higher level, and teachers can create active learning management plans of a very good quality. In conclusion, it is a course that can develop the abilities of elementary school teachers, covering all competencies, showing that it is a training course that has been developed effectively.

Guidelines for Developing Strategic Leadership in the 21st Century for School Administrators under the Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 5

Jutarat Soongnern — 2025-11-15

Background and Aims: Educational administrators are important in driving education towards success in this rapidly changing era. Administrators must be able to adapt and use strategic thinking skills to deal with challenges in the changing environment, in terms of technology, economy, and society leadership development This research aimed to 1) Study the current status, desired status, and needs for strategic leadership in the 21^st century of educational administrators under the Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 5 and 2) Study the guidelines for developing strategic leadership in the 21^st century of educational administrators. Under the Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 5

Methodology: This research is a mixed-methods research. The sample consists of 31 school administrators and 300 teachers, totaling 331 people, which were obtained by stratified random sampling using school size as the sampling stratum. The research tools used were questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Statistics used for data analysis included percentages, means, standard deviations, and the needs index.

Results: It was found that 1) The current status of strategic leadership in the 21^st century of educational administrators under the Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 5 as overall and in each aspect, has a high average value. When considering each aspect, ranked from highest to lowest, it is as follows: having morality, ethics, and reason, followed by developing the organization's personnel, having a shared vision, being creative, and managing the organization's internal resources. The item with the lowest average value is strategic direction. The desired status of strategic leadership in the 21^st century of educational administrators under the Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 5 has the highest average value when considering each aspect, ranked from highest to lowest, as follows: managing the organization's resources, having a shared vision, setting a strategic direction, being creative, and developing the organization's personnel. The item with the lowest average value has morality, ethics, and reason. As for the needs to develop strategic leadership in the 21^st century of educational administrators under the Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 5, overall, ranked from highest to lowest, it was found that managing the organization's resources has the highest need index value, followed by determining the strategic direction, developing the organization's personnel, being creative, having a shared vision, and having morality and ethics. There are reasons in order 2) Study the guidelines for developing strategic leadership of school administrators in the 21^st century. There are 6 main guidelines, consisting of 18 sub-guidelines. The appropriateness is at the highest level, the feasibility is at the highest level, and the utilization is at the highest level.

Conclusion: School administrators should focus on adapting to technological and social changes, developing clear planning and evaluation skills, promoting effective administration, and emphasizing the use of digital technology in teaching and learning development to meet the needs of the current world.

The 21st Century Skills of School Administrators Affecting Academic Administration Toward Excellence of School Under Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 2

Somrudee Lunsumrong — 2025-11-15

Background and Aims: In the 21^st century, educational administrators play an important role in driving the quality of education. Necessary skills such as visionary leadership, technology use, and strategic management directly affect the efficiency of academic administration towards excellence. This research aimed to 1) study the skills of educational administrators in the 21^st century, 2) study academic administration towards institutional excellence, 3) study the relationship between the skills of educational administrators in the 21^st century and academic administration towards institutional excellence, and 4) study the skills of educational administrators in the 21^st century that affect academic administration towards institutional excellence.

Methodology: This research is a Quantitative Research. The sample group used in this research is 400 school administrators and teachers under of the Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, and then randomly selected by stratification according to the size of the school. The tools used in collecting data this time are a questionnaire on the skills of school administrators in the 21^st century and a questionnaire on academic administration towards school excellence. The statistics used are the mean, standard deviation, Pearson's product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results: It was found that 1) The overall level of skills of educational administrators in the 21^st century was at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that knowledge and concept skills had the highest average value at a high level, followed by technology and digital skills, organizational management skills, effective communication skills, and human relations skills, respectively. 2) The overall level of academic administration towards excellence of educational institutions was at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that process management had the highest average value at a high level, followed by educational quality assurance, monitoring and evaluation, results, leadership, personnel management, and policy and strategy, respectively. 3) The correlation coefficient between skills of educational administrators in the 21^st century and academic administration towards excellence of educational institutions had a positive relationship in all aspects, with statistical significance at the .01 level. The relationship was ranked from most to least as follows: In terms of knowledge and conceptual aspects (X₂), there is a high level of relationship with academic administration towards excellence (Y) (r = 0.798), followed by effective communication skills (X₃) with a high level of relationship (r = 0.775), technological and digital skills (X₅) with a high level of relationship (r = 0.741), human relations skills (X₄) with a high level of relationship (r = 0.724), and organizational management skills (X₁) with a moderate level of relationship (r = 0.601), respectively. 4) Skills of educational administrators in the 21^st century that affect academic administration towards excellence of educational institutions consist of 4 aspects, namely knowledge and conceptual skills (X₂), human relations skills (X₄), technological and digital skills (X₅), with a multiple correlation coefficient of .881 (R = .881) or 88.10 percent, which is statistically significant at the .01 level. and has a prediction coefficient or predictive power of 88.10 percent (R²= .881).

Conclusion: The skills of school administrators in the 21^st century are important for academic administration towards school excellence. The obtained data can be used to help administrators become more efficient. The Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 can use this as a guideline to raise the quality of education, both in terms of developing administrator skills and improving academic administration in schools continuously.

The Digital Leadership Affecting the Effectiveness of Schools under Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 2

Phannapa Niljullaka — 2025-11-15

Background and Aims: Leadership in the Digital age is a key factor affecting the effectiveness of educational institutions. Leaders who can adapt and apply technology appropriately will help strengthen effective administration, develop teachers and students with future skills, and improve the quality of education to meet the needs of the digital age. This research therefore aims: 1) to study the digital leadership of educational administrators under Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 2, 2) to study the effectiveness of educational institutions under Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 2, 3) to study the relationship between digital leadership and the effectiveness of educational institutions under Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 2, and 4) to study the effect of digital leadership on the effectiveness of educational institutions under Khon Kaen Primary Education Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: This research is quantitative. The sample group used in the research is 102 school administrators and 298 teachers under the Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, totaling 400 people, using stratified sampling. The tools used for data collection are questionnaires. The statistics used are mean, standard deviation, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results: It was found that 1) the overall level of digital leadership was at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that digital professionalism had the highest mean value at the highest level, followed by digital knowledge, communication, and digital vision, respectively. 2) The overall level of effectiveness of educational institutions was at the highest level. When considering each aspect, it was found that learner characteristics had the highest mean value at the highest level, followed by learning organization, school transformation and development, academic achievement, and personnel job satisfaction, respectively. 3) The correlation coefficient between digital leadership and the effectiveness of educational institutions has a positive relationship in all aspects and is at a high level. Statistically significant at the .01 level. 4) Digital leadership affecting the effectiveness of educational institutions consists of 2 variables, namely, digital vision (X₁) and digital professionalism (X₄). The predictive coefficient is 49.40 percent (R² = .494). When the last independent variable, digital professionalism (X₄), is added to the equation, the predictive coefficient is 50.50 percent (R²=.505).

Conclusion: Leadership in the Digital age of administrators plays an important role in enhancing the effectiveness of educational institutions under the Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, with a positive relationship between the adoption of technology and administrative and teaching efficiency. The study results indicate that leaders with digital competence can effectively promote the development of educational institutions.

Creative Leadership of School Administrators Affecting the Effectiveness of Schools under the Sa Kaeo Provincial Administrative Organization

Anuwat Nonpho — 2025-11-15

Background and Aims: Educational administrators play an important role in driving the quality of education and developing innovation within the organization. Applying creative thinking to management helps promote effective learning and creates an organizational culture that is conducive to sustainable development. Therefore, studying the relationship between creative leadership and institutional effectiveness is important for the development of education in the current era. The objectives of this research are: 1) to study the level of creative leadership of educational administrators, 2) to study the level of effectiveness of educational institutions, 3) to study the relationship between creative leadership of educational administrators and institutional effectiveness, and 4) to study how creative leadership of educational administrators affects institutional effectiveness.

Methodology: This research is a Survey Research. The sample group used in the research is 394 school administrators and teachers under the Sa Kaeo Provincial Administrative Organization in the academic year 2024. The sample size was calculated using Taro Yamane's formula. The sample group was 198 people from stratified sampling by school size. Proportional comparison and simple random sampling by lottery were used. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability value of 0.975. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean score, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: It was found that 1. The level of creative leadership of school administrators under the Sa Kaeo Provincial Administrative Organization, according to the opinions of school administrators and teaching personnel, was at the highest level overall. When considering each aspect, it was found that teamwork in seeking knowledge, cooperation, problem solving, imagination, creating images of the future that should be the aspect of examining shared beliefs, asking questions, and collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data were at the highest level. 2. The level of effectiveness of school administrators under the Sa Kaeo Provincial Administrative Organization, according to the opinions of school administrators and teaching personnel, was at the highest level overall. When considering each aspect, it was found that the ability to produce students with high academic achievement, the ability to develop students with positive attitudes, the ability to adjust and develop the school, and the ability to solve problems within the school were at the highest level. 3. The relationship between creative leadership of school administrators and school effectiveness of the findings indicates a significant positive correlation (r = .873, p < .01), with problem-solving collaboration and shared belief assessment being the most influential factors. 4. Creative leadership of school administrators affecting the effectiveness of educational institutions under the Sa Kaeo Provincial Administrative Organization. Multiple regression analysis showed positive results, with a value (R = .873) at a high level and a value (R2 = .762) that was statistically significant at the 0.001 level.

Conclusion: Creative leadership of school administrators has a positive relationship with the effectiveness of schools under the Sa Kaeo Provincial Administrative Organization. Creative leaders can promote organizational development and increase the quality of education management effectively. The results of this research can be used as a guideline for developing leadership of administrators and policy-making to improve the quality of education in the future.

The Role of School Administrators Affecting the Performance Motivation of Teachers in Schools under the Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization

Praeploy Atsawapattanakul — 2025-11-15

Background and Aims: The role of school administrators influences teachers’ motivation, visionary management, appropriate support, and a good working atmosphere will help promote teachers’ commitment and teaching efficiency. If administrators can effectively create motivation, it will result in the sustainable development of educational quality. This study aims to (1) study the role of school administrators, (2) study the Teachers’ motivation, (3) study the Relationship between the role of school administrators and teachers’ motivation, and (4) study the Role of school administrators that affect teachers’ motivation.

Methodology: This study is qualitative, involving 263 teachers and school administrators employed by the Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization, comprising the study's sample group. They are separated into two groups: 223 instructors who work in schools and 40 school administrators. The Krejci and Morgan table was used to calculate the sample size. School size was used to stratify the sample size. Questionnaires were used as the data-gathering instruments. Stepwise multiple regression analysis, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, mean, and standard deviation were the statistics employed.

Results: It was found that 1) The role of school administrators in schools under the Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization was at the highest level overall. When considering each aspect, it was found that the aspect with the highest average value was the resource allocator, while the aspect with the lowest average value was the coordinator role. 2) Teachers’ motivation in schools under the Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization was at the highest level overall. When considering each aspect, it was found that the aspect with the highest average value was the motivating factor, while the aspect with the lowest average value was the supporting factor. 3) The relationship between the role of school administrators and teachers’ motivation in schools under the Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization was positively related, with statistical significance at the .01 level. 4) The findings indicate that the coordination and resource allocation roles significantly impact teachers' motivation (R² = 0.985, p < .01).

Conclusion: The participation of school administrators is positively connected with teachers' job satisfaction in Khon Kaen Provincial Administrative Organization-run schools. Teachers can be motivated to work harder by administrators who demonstrate great leadership, offer resources for assistance, and create a positive work atmosphere. This affects the quality of instruction and learning as well as the overall efficacy of the school.

Prioritizing Educational Needs: A Needs Analysis for Curriculum Development in the English Education Program at Phetchaburi Rajabhat University Using the Priority Needs Index

Treenoot Soonthonvipat — 2025-11-15

Background and Aims: The increasing globalization of education and the rising demand for English proficiency necessitate continuous curriculum enhancement in English education programs. The English Education Program at Phetchaburi Rajabhat University (PBRU) must align with stakeholder expectations and evolving professional, societal, and global requirements. This study aims to assess the needs and expectations of key stakeholders—alumni, current students, program instructors, and employers—and to identify priority areas for curriculum development using the Priority Needs Index (PNI).

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data collection. Surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 223 stakeholders, including 139 alumni, 54 current students, six program instructors, and 34 employers. The collected data were analyzed using the PNI framework to prioritize curriculum components based on the gap between their perceived importance and current performance. Statistical and thematic analyses were applied to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of stakeholder feedback.

Results: Findings revealed key areas requiring curriculum enhancement, including language skills development, integration of digital tools, ethical and professional education, and practical teaching skills. Alumni rated the need for experiential learning at (x̄ = 4.02, S.D. = 0.74, while employers highlighted the importance of industry-relevant competencies (x̄ = 4.18, S.D. = 0.69). Current students advocated for inclusive and engaging learning environments (x̄ = 3.95, S.D. = 0.81), and instructors identified gaps in instructional resources and professional development (x̄ = 4.11, S.D. = 0.76). The PNI analysis indicated that digital integration and practical skill development ranked as the highest-priority areas for improvement, with PNI scores of 0.178 and 0.162, respectively.

Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of stakeholder engagement in curriculum reform and highlights the effectiveness of the PNI methodology in identifying priority areas for enhancement. By addressing stakeholder concerns and implementing targeted improvements, the English Education Program at PBRU can better prepare graduates for professional and global challenges while maintaining academic excellence. Future research should explore long-term curriculum adaptations to ensure ongoing relevance and effectiveness.

The Guidelines for Developing Creative Leadership of School Administrators under Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 5

Rachawadee Suksom — 2025-11-15

Background and Aims: In today’s rapidly changing world, school administrators need creative leadership to drive their organizations in line with educational and social contexts. Developing creative leadership requires innovative thinking, systems thinking, and flexible management. Visionary leaders can inspire teachers and students and promote an organizational culture that is open to change and sustainable development. This research aimed to 1) study the current status, desired status, and needs for creative leadership of school administrators, and 2) study the guidelines for developing creative leadership of school administrators.

Methodology: This research is qualitative. The sample group used in this research is 31 school administrators and 300 teachers, who were randomly selected by stratification according to the proportion of school size. The tools used in collecting data this time are questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The statistics used are mean, standard deviation, and the index of needs.

Results: It was found that 1) the current condition of creative leadership of school administrators under the Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 5 was at a high level overall ( =3.85, S.D. = 1.89). When considering each aspect, it was found that all aspects were at a high level. The overall picture of the desired condition of creative leadership of school administrators under the Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 5 was at the highest level overall ( =4.80, S.D. = 1.98). When considering each aspect, it was found that all aspects were at the highest level. 2) The order of the needs for developing creative leadership of school administrators under the Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 5, the needs were ranked from most to least as follows: creativity (PNI_Modified = 0.272), vision (PNI_Modified = 0.257), individual consideration (PNI_Modified = 0.256), teamwork (PNI_Modified = 0.249), flexibility (PNI_Modified = 0.233), and imagination (PNI_Modified = 0.215). 3) The guidelines for developing creative leadership of school administrators under the Khon Kaen Primary Educational Service Area Office 5 consist of 6 main guidelines, consisting of 18 sub-guidelines. The appropriateness was at the highest level (\bar{X} = 4.91, S.D. = 0.25), the feasibility was at the highest level (\bar{X} = 4.94, S.D. = 0.16), and the utilization was at the highest level (\bar{X} = 4.96, S.D. = 0.09).

Conclusion: The development of creative leadership of school administrators focuses on studying the current situation, desired conditions, and development needs to determine appropriate guidelines. The results of the study can be used as guidelines for developing administrators at all levels, including being beneficial for determining effective leadership policies. In addition, administrators can use the information to develop themselves, which has a positive effect on the administration and quality of the school.

An Analysis of Problems and Solutions of Social Problems Based on Humanism in the Prize-winning Short Stories of the Thai Science Fiction Short Story Competitions, During 2016 – 2023

Yu Li — 2025-11-16

Background and Aims: Background and Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of Thai science fiction literature as a mirror reflecting societal issues in the digital age through a humanist framework that emphasizes human dignity and values. The primary objectives are: (1) to analyze the structural presentation of seven categories of social problems in award-winning short stories from the Science Fiction Short Story Competition (2016-2023), and (2) to examine humanist-oriented solutions across ethical dimensions, fundamental rights, and social sustainability.

Methodology: An interdisciplinary approach combining three levels of qualitative research was employed: 1) Content analysis through documentary research of 122 award-winning stories from the Science Fiction Short Story Competition (2016-2023), 2) Humanist interpretation, and 3) Systematic synthesis of solutions using humanist frameworks.

Results: Analysis of the award-winning stories revealed critical issues in ethics, technological development, environmental sustainability, social justice, and human identity, interconnected with humanist perspectives as follows: (1) Research Ethics: Unethical technological surveillance, non-consensual human experimentation. Solutions: Transparent data protection policies and ethical review mechanisms. (2) Environmental Impact: Resource overexploitation disrupts ecosystems. Solutions: Clean technology development, international cooperation, and error-learning social models. (3) Social Justice: State control infringing human rights, individual-state power conflicts. Solutions: Collaborative responsibility and public participation in policymaking. (4) Identity Crisis: Cloning-induced identity confusion. Solutions: Recognition of consciousness diversity and self-identity rights. (5) Rights & Accountability: Emotion-control technology for state power consolidation. Solutions: Freedom of expression promotion and public oversight mechanisms. (6) Warfare: Human-AI wars threatening civilization. Solutions: Ethical technology governance and human-AI coexistence systems. (7) Institutional Inequality: Resource disparity from closed power structures. Solutions: Social institution reforms for inclusive participation and inequality reduction.

Conclusion: The research demonstrates that humanism addresses socio-technological challenges through many key approaches: centering human dignity, balancing progress with ethics, decentralizing decision-making power, and employing science to enhance life quality rather than control humanity.

Development Characteristics Approaches of Innovative Leaders for Leadership of School Administrators under the Sakaeo Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Chotika Choram — 2025-11-16

Background and Aims: In an era of rapid technological and social change, innovative leadership is crucial in driving educational organizations to adapt and achieve sustainable growth. This study aims to explore the essential needs and development approaches for fostering the characteristics of innovative leaders among school administrators under the Office of Sakaeo Primary Educational Service Area 1.

Methodology: The study employed a mixed-methods approach, consisting of (1) a quantitative study, which collected data from a sample of 110 school directors and deputy directors through an online questionnaire, analyzed using Krejcie & Morgan’s (1970) sample size table, and (2) a qualitative study, which conducted in-depth interviews with five purposively selected experts to analyze approaches for developing innovative leadership characteristics.

Results: The current characteristics of innovative leaders are at a moderate level. However, when considering the desired state, they are at a significantly high level, indicating a gap that needs to be addressed. The highest priority for development is enhancing leaders' creative thinking skills, followed by fostering an environment conducive to development, promoting leader participation, and cultivating visionary leadership. To align the development of innovative leadership characteristics with actual needs, this study proposes four key development approaches. The first is visionary leadership, which should be supported through multidimensional data analysis and decision-making processes that encourage stakeholder participation. The second is leader participation, emphasizing the creation of management structures that facilitate knowledge exchange through Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) to systematically drive development.

Additionally, creative thinking skills are crucial and should be nurtured by allocating resources and establishing an environment that encourages out-of-the-box thinking while promoting the use of technology and innovation in leadership. Lastly, creating an organizational atmosphere should focus on fostering an open work culture, encouraging trial and error as a learning process, and recognizing individuals who contribute creative ideas. These strategies will ultimately lead to sustainable innovation development within educational organizations.

Conclusion: The research findings highlight the necessity of developing innovative leadership characteristics, with a particular focus on enhancing creative thinking skills and fostering a learning environment conducive to development. These factors are crucial in effectively improving the overall quality of education.

Developing Reading Comprehension and Analytical Thinking Abilities of Grade 9 Students by 4MAT with 5W1H Technique

Supakrit Maphanao — 2025-11-16

Background and Aims: Reading is essential in daily life, especially in the modern era, when information is available from diverse sources across various media. Reading serves as a crucial tool that enables readers to seek new knowledge and expand their understanding. In particular, reading for comprehension helps readers grasp the main ideas, key points, and events from a text. Additionally, analytical thinking is a fundamental skill that contributes to the development of higher-order thinking abilities. It allows individuals to discern facts and understand the underlying reasons behind occurrences. Based on these reasons, the researcher is interested in conducting this study with the following purposes; 1) compare the reading comprehension ability of Grade 9 students from learning through the 4MAT model combined with the 5W1H technique before and after the lesson, 2) compare the analytical thinking ability of Grade 9 students from learning through the 4MAT model combined with the 5W1H technique before and after the lesson, 3) compare the reading comprehension ability of Grade 9 students from learning through the 4MAT model combined with the 5W1H technique after the lesson with a criterion of 70% and 4) compare the analytical thinking ability of Grade 9 students from learning through the 4MAT model combined with the 5W1H technique after the lesson with a 70% criterion.

Methodology: The sample group in this research consisted of 35 students from Grade 9 class 5, during the first semester of the academic year 2024. The sample group of students was from Phongsiriwittaya School, Dan Khun Thot District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The research instruments used included: 4 lesson plans of 4MAT with the 5W1H technique, totaling 12 hours, a reading comprehension test, and an analytical thinking test. Data was then analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

Results: The research findings showed that 1) The reading comprehension ability of Grade 9 students from learning through 4MAT with 5W1H technique after the lesson was significantly higher than before the lesson at the .05 level of significance, 2) The analytical thinking ability of Grade 9 students from learning through 4MAT with 5W1H technique after the lesson was significantly higher than before the lesson at the .05 level of significance, 3) The reading comprehension ability of Grade 9 students who received 4MAT with 5W1H technique was significantly higher than the 70% criterion at the .05 level of significance, and 4) The analytical thinking ability of Grade 9 students who received the 4MAT with 5W1H technique was significantly higher than the 70% criterion at the .05 level of significance.

Conclusion: The research findings indicate that the 4MAT with the 5W1H Technique enhances students' reading comprehension and analytical thinking skills. This is because students develop both the left and right hemispheres of their brains in a balanced manner. Additionally, they engage in both individual and group activities, which encourage them to construct knowledge independently through diverse learning activities, leading to a deeper understanding.

Factors Affecting Satisfaction in Using Information Technology in Public Services in Maha Sarakham Municipality, Talat Subdistrict, Mueang District, Maha Sarakham Province

Apiwut Warathanakorn — 2025-11-16

Background and Aims: Information technology plays a significant role in public services, enhancing the efficiency of government agencies, organizations, and the private sector. Technology has changed people’s way of life, making operations faster, more accurate, and more transparent. The continuous advancement of information technology has led to the development of modern and efficient management systems. Countries around the world have integrated information technology with both public and private sectors to create information infrastructures that support comprehensive services. A well-structured information system enables organizations to efficiently manage their operations, reduce errors, and improve operational flexibility. Government agencies that use information technology for management and public services can improve service quality, reduce costs, and create transparent and accountable systems. Systematic data collection and analysis enable more accurate decision-making and create opportunities for developing and finding creative policy solutions. This research aims to examine the factors influencing public satisfaction with the use of information technology in Maha Sarakham Municipality, focusing on key factors such as IT infrastructure, organization, knowledge, skills, and individual capabilities, budget allocation, and data security. The findings will help in planning, decision-making, and developing appropriate solutions, including methods for data analysis, which will ultimately improve service quality and management efficiency.

Methodology: The sample group is 396 people in Maha Sarakham Municipality, using Taro Yamane's formula. The research instruments are questionnaires. The statistics used for data analysis are percentage, mean, frequency, standard deviation, and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results: The research results were as follows: (1) the level of information technology usage in public services in Maha Sarakham Municipality, Talat Subdistrict, Mueang District, Maha Sarakham Province was rated at the highest level. (2) Factors affecting satisfaction with information technology usage in public services in Maha Sarakham Municipality, Talat Subdistrict, Mueang District, Maha Sarakham Province included personal knowledge, skills, organizational factors, budget factors, and organizational technology infrastructure factors. The correlation coefficient was 0.966, and descriptive variation was 93.40 percent, significantly at the .05 level. (3) Guidelines for developing the quality of information technology use in Maha Sarakham City Municipality, Talat Subdistrict, Mueang District, Maha Sarakham Province should cover personnel training and development, setting service standards, monitoring and evaluation, listening to opinions from both officials and citizens who use the service, and creating a service culture. If implemented effectively, it will increase the satisfaction of service recipients, make Maha Sarakham City Municipality stronger, and increase its service potential in the long term.

Conclusion: The research results found that the level of information technology usage in providing services to the public in Maha Sarakham Municipality is at a high level. The main factors are continuous, equal, and punctual service. However, there are still limitations in terms of infrastructure, equipment, and personnel readiness that need to be further developed in order to provide efficient services. Factors affecting public satisfaction include personnel knowledge, organizational factors, budget, and technology infrastructure. The municipality should develop personnel skills, improve its IT infrastructure, and increase the budget to develop more efficient technologies. Guidelines for developing the quality of information technology usage include expanding technology infrastructure, training personnel, strengthening data security measures, increasing transparency in budget management, and improving service processes, such as using an online queue booking system to reduce waiting time and increase service efficiency. Implementing these guidelines will enable the municipality to develop an information technology system that is convenient, fast, transparent, and covers all groups of people effectively, while also sustainably supporting future digital changes.

Supporting Factors Related to Personnel Operations in Green Warehouses: A Case Study of PB. Propack Company Limited

Thanakorn Philakul — 2025-11-16

Background and Aims: Business organizations worldwide are adapting to green logistics and supply chain concepts, particularly green warehouses that help reduce energy consumption and improve operational efficiency. However, this transformation impacts personnel, making skill development and technology adoption crucial factors. This research aims to study supporting factors related to personnel operations in green warehouses to guide policy development and enhance Thai organizations' capabilities in the future. The research objectives are: 1) to study the implementation level of supporting factors in green warehouses: a case study of PB. Propack Co., Ltd., 2) to study the implementation level of personnel operations in green warehouses: a case study of PB. Propack Co., Ltd., and 3) to study supporting factors related to personnel operations in green warehouses: a case study of PB. Propack Co., Ltd.

Methodology: Mixed methods research utilizing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative research employed questionnaires to collect data from 253 samples, analyzing the relationship between supporting factors and personnel operations using Pearson's correlation statistics. The qualitative research used semi-structured in-depth interviews with 5 experts, employing content analysis to gather insights, opinions, and valuable recommendations for studying relationships.

Results: Technology adoption was the most impactful supporting factor on green warehouse operations, showing positive correlations with operational time (r = 0.72), energy consumption, and waste management (r = 0.68). This was followed by management support, training, and working environment factors that facilitate green warehouse operations. In-depth interviews confirmed that various supporting factors impact green warehouse operations, with technology being the most influential factor, followed by management support and training. These findings were consistent across both quantitative and qualitative research methods.

Conclusion: The development of supporting factors in technology adoption, coupled with personnel training and management support, correlates with green warehouse operations, reduces environmental impact, and enhances the long-term sustainability of warehouses and supply chains.

Motivation for the Work of Personnel of the Lopburi Provincial Administrative Organization

Kaeskanok Lukngam — 2025-11-16

Background and Aims: Successful organizational management requires both administrative skills and employee motivation. Currently, the Lopburi Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO) has 344 personnel, with a high rate of transfers and resignations due to differences in motivation and job stability. Therefore, studying employee motivation levels is essential for developing effective improvement strategies. This research aimed to 1) study the work motivation of the personnel of Lopburi Provincial Administrative Organization and 2) compare the work motivation of the personnel of Lopburi Provincial Administrative Organization.

Methodology: A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and test for the difference in mean scores (t-test), F-test (F- test). When statistical significance was found, pairwise comparisons were made using the L.S.D. pairwise test. The sample group consisted of 185 civil servants, permanent employees, and hired employees of the Lopburi Provincial Administrative Organization.

Results: This study examined the motivation of personnel in the Lopburi Provincial Administrative Organization. The findings indicated that job achievement had the highest influence (= 4.46, S.D.=.29), followed by responsibility (= 4.46, S.D.=.29), characteristics (= 4.43, S.D.=.27), and recognition and respect (= 4.42, S.D.=.32), respectively. The comparison of employee motivation at the Lopburi Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO) found that gender and age did not significantly differ in motivation levels. However, job position type showed a statistically significant difference at the .001 level. Additionally, education level, average monthly income, marital status, and length of service demonstrated statistically significant differences in motivation levels at the .01 level.

Conclusion: The overall motivation level of employees at the Lopburi Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO) is high. However, the most influential factor affecting their motivation is work achievement, followed by responsibility, characteristics, and recognition and respect, respectively.

The Roles of School Administrators in Internal Supervision by using the Classroom-Based Approach to Develop Students’ Quality under the Lop Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Juthamas Keawphuang — 2025-11-16

Background and Aims: Education management plays a critical role in enhancing the quality of life for Thai people, in line with the National Education Act B.E. 2542. Supervision is one of the processes in educational quality development, guiding teachers and relevant personnel. Although the process of supervision includes both beneficial factors and obstacles, it still lacks continuity and coherence. This research aims to investigate the role of school administrators in internal supervision using the classroom as a base to improve student quality in the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: This study employs a field study approach. The sample consists of 371 individuals, including school administrators and teachers from the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, with 80 school administrators and 291 teachers. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.954 and a content validity index ranging from 0.60 to 1.00. The data collected through online questionnaires were analyzed using various statistical methods, including frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA).

Results: The research findings revealed that the role of school administrators in internal supervision using the classroom as a base to develop student quality in the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 was rated highly overall. All aspects of the supervision process were also rated highly. Furthermore, when comparing the roles of school administrators based on position, academic rank, and school size, no statistically significant differences were found using one-way ANOVA and t-tests.

Conclusion: The role of school administrators in internal supervision to enhance the quality of students in the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 is crucial and highly effective, with no significant differences based on various factors. Continuous and cohesive supervision will contribute to the future improvement of educational quality.

Participation of Parents for Enhancing Student Development with Special Needs in Samut Prakan Special Education

Anucha Khamjuang — 2025-11-16

Background and Aims: Parental participation plays an important role in enhancing the development of students with special needs by supporting learning, emotions, and society. In addition, the role of the family is instrumental in promoting children’s potential and ensuring that children receive appropriate and continuous support both at school and at home. This research therefore aims to 1) Study parental participation in enhancing the development of students with special needs at the Special Education Center in Samut Prakan Province; 2) Compare opinions on parental participation in enhancing the development of students with special needs at the Special Education Center in Samut Prakan Province classified by gender, age, education level, occupation, household income, and marital status; 3) Study guidelines for parental participation in enhancing the development of students with special needs at the Special Education Center in Samut Prakan Province.

Methodology: This research is a survey research. The sample group used in the research is 180 parents of students with special needs at the Special Education Center in Samut Prakan Province. The sample group was determined by analyzing the percentage of the population divided by the type of disability of the students. Then, the percentage of the population was used to determine the number of parents in the sample group, and simple random sampling was used to select the sample. The statistics used to analyze the data include mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and essay analysis.

Results: It was found that 1) The participation of parents in enhancing the development of students with special needs at the Special Education Center in Samut Prakan Province was found to have a high average value ( =4.06). When considering each aspect, it was found that the aspect of training and raising had the highest average value ( =4.15) and the aspect with the lowest average value was decision-making ( =4.00). 2) Comparing opinions on the participation of parents in enhancing the development of students with special needs at the Samut Prakan Special Education Center classified by gender, there were no differences, except for the aspect of decision-making, where male parents were more involved than female parents. 3) Comparing opinions on the participation of parents in enhancing the development of students with special needs at the Samut Prakan Special Education Center classified by age, occupation, and household income, there were differences, except for the classification by education level and marital status, where there were no differences.

Conclusion: Parents play an important role in organizing education to enhance the development of students with special needs at the Special Education Center in Samut Prakan Province. They can also use the results of comparing opinions on parental participation as a guideline for creating parental participation in other areas, so that children receive appropriate and continuous care, resulting in being able to develop to their full potential and have a better quality of life.

Effect of 5E Inquiry-based Learning Combined with the Think-Talk-Write Technique to Enhance Mathematical Problem-solving Ability and Mathematics Learning Achievement of Ninth-grade Students

Adisaa Sealee — 2025-11-16

Background and Aims: Problem-solving ability is crucial for learning mathematics, as it serves as a fundamental skill that not only helps learners understand mathematical concepts but also enables them to apply these skills to real-life problem-solving. Therefore, mathematics instruction aims to enhance students' learning achievement and mathematical problem-solving ability. Teachers must adjust their teaching methods and instructional approaches accordingly. This study explores the use of the 5E inquiry-based learning combined with the Think-Talk-Write technique to promote the mathematical problem-solving ability of ninth-grade students and to improve their learning achievement. The research objectives are as follows: 1) to compare the mathematical problem-solving ability of ninth-grade students after receiving the 5E inquiry-based learning combined with the Think-Talk-Write technique with a criterion of 70 percent of the full score; and 2) to compare the mathematics learning achievement of ninth-grade students after receiving the 5E inquiry-based learning combined with the Think-Talk-Write technique with a criterion of 70 percent of the full score.

Methodology: This study is a pre-experimental research design employing a one-group posttest-only design. Data were collected after the learning intervention using a mathematical problem-solving ability test and a mathematics achievement test. The sample group consisted of 33 ninth-grade students from room 7 at Wiangjedeewittaya School, under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Lampang-Lamphun, who were enrolled in the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The research instruments included: 1) seven lesson plans for mathematics instruction using the 5E inquiry-based learning combined with the Think-Talk-Write technique, with each lesson lasting two hours, totaling 14 hours; 2) a four-item subjective test to assess mathematical problem-solving ability; and 3) a 30-item multiple-choice mathematics achievement test. Data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and a one-sample t-test.

Results: 1) The mathematical problem-solving ability of ninth-grade students after receiving instruction through the 5E inquiry-based learning combined with the Think-Talk-Write technique had an average score of 39.15 points, accounting for 81.56 percent, which was higher than the specified criterion of 70 percent. This score was significantly higher than the predetermined criterion at the .05 level. 2) The mathematics learning achievement of ninth-grade students after receiving instruction through the 5E inquiry-based learning combined with the Think-Talk-Write technique had an average score of 25.36 points, accounting for 84.53 percent, which was higher than the specified criterion of 70. This score was significantly higher than the predetermined criterion at the .05 level.

Conclusion: Based on the research findings, which indicate that ninth-grade students achieved an average score in mathematical problem-solving ability and mathematics learning achievement significantly higher than the predetermined criterion of 70 percent at the .05 level, it can be concluded that the 5E inquiry-based learning combined with the Think-Talk-Write technique is an effective instructional method for enhancing students' learning achievement and problem-solving skills in mathematics. These findings provide valuable insights for mathematics educators, curriculum developers, and researchers in improving instructional strategies and fostering students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.

The Role of School Administrators in Promoting a Creative Organizational Culture in Schools under the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Wiphada Rujirakul — 2025-11-17

Background and Aims: Organizational culture is an important factor affecting the success and sustainable development of organizations in the present era. Creating a strong and valuable organizational culture can help strengthen good relationships within the organization, promote cooperation, and effectively increase work efficiency. This research therefore aims to 1) study the role of school administrators in promoting a creative organizational culture in schools under the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, and 2) compare the role of school administrators in promoting a creative organizational culture in schools under the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, classified by gender, age, position, experience, and school size.

Methodology: This research is qualitative. The sample consisted of school administrators and teachers under the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 for the academic year 2023, totaling 320 individuals, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.956. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, and one-way ANOVA.

Results: 1. The overall role of school administrators in promoting a creative organizational culture in schools under the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 was at the highest level. 2. The comparison of the role of school administrators in promoting a creative organizational culture in schools under the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, classified by gender, age, experience, and school size, showed no significant differences. However, when classified by position, there were differences with a statistical significance level of .05.

Conclusion: School administrators play an important role in promoting creative organizational culture by emphasizing organizational success, personnel self-development, giving importance to people in the organization, and building good relationships among each other. The overall picture shows that administrators are committed to creating a creative work atmosphere. However, when considering various factors, it was found that gender, age, experience, and size of the school did not significantly affect the role of administrators. However, the position of the individual did affect management, with administrators playing a more prominent role than teachers in promoting organizational culture.

Creative Leadership of School Administrators that Affects the Effectiveness of Schools under the Nong Chok District Office, Bangkok

Montol Srisongkram — 2025-11-17

Background and Aims: Globalization and rapid changes in the economy, society, technology, and education have forced many countries to reform education in preparation for entering the 21^stcentury. Countries with knowledge and learning societies will have an advantage. The administration of educational institutions in this era, therefore, must emphasize creativity. Adapting and preparing personnel to receive change to increase management effectiveness. The purpose of this research is: 1. To study the creative leadership of school administrators. 2. To study the effectiveness of schools. 3. To study the relationship between the creative leadership of administrators and the effectiveness of schools. 4. To study the creative leadership of administrators that affects the effectiveness of schools under the Nong Chok District Office, Bangkok.

Methodology: The research sample consists of teachers under the Nong Chok District Office, Bangkok, in the academic year 2024. The sample size was determined using the Yamane (1973) sample size calculation formula, resulting in 259 people. A multi-stage random sampling method was used, and simple random sampling by lottery technique. The research tool was a questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson Product-moment Correlation Coefficient for examining relationships between variables, and Multiple Regression Analysis for predicting variables. Significant variables were then used to create a prediction equation using the Stepwise method.

Results: The research findings are as follows: 1. The creative leadership of school administrators overall is rated at a high level. 2. The effectiveness of schools under the Nong Chok District Office, Bangkok, overall is rated at a high level. 3. The analysis of the relationship between the creative leadership of school administrators and the effectiveness of schools under the Nong Chok District Office, Bangkok, overall is rated at a high level. 4. The best predictor variables for the creative leadership of school administrators include two variables, ranked by importance as follows: vision (X₃) and imagination (X₄). These two predictor variables are significant in predicting the effectiveness of schools under the Nong Chok District Office, Bangkok, with statistical significance at the .01 level. The multiple correlation coefficient is .769, indicating that these predictors together account for 58.67% of the school’s effectiveness, with a standard error of prediction of 0.248: The prediction equations are as follows:

Forecasting equations in raw scores

Y = 1.295 + 0.292X₃ - 0.162X₄

Forecasting equations in standard form

ZY = 0.348X₃ - 0.177X₄

Conclusion: The study results show a significant positive relationship between the creative leadership of school administrators and the effectiveness of the school, with a very high correlation. Additionally, the creative leadership of school administrators and the effectiveness of the school also emerged as important predictors, together accounting for 58.67% of the school’s effectiveness.

The Influence of Creative Leadership of School Administrators on Predicting the Effectiveness of Schools under the Bangkok Secondary Educational Service Area Office 2

Parichat Katudthong — 2025-11-17

Background and Aims: Education is a crucial tool for human resource development, with schools playing a key role in producing a quality workforce. Leaders with creative leadership qualities contribute to innovation and help develop organizations in alignment with societal changes. This, in turn, enhances the effectiveness of school management and improves the quality of education, preparing students to adapt to future changes. Therefore, the objectives of this research are: 1) To study the level of creative leadership among school administrators under the Secondary Education Service Area Office, Bangkok Metropolitan Region 2. 2) To study the level of effectiveness of schools under the Secondary Education Service Area Office, Bangkok Metropolitan Region 2. 3) To examine the influence of creative leadership by school administrators on the effectiveness of schools under the Secondary Education Service Area Office, Bangkok Metropolitan Region 2.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consists of school administrators and teachers under the Secondary Education Service Area Office, Bangkok Metropolitan Region 2, for the academic year 2024. The sample includes 141 school administrators and 359 teachers, totaling 500 individuals. The research tool used is a questionnaire, which has a reliability coefficient of 0.990. The statistical methods used for data analysis include Mean (M), Standard Deviation (SD), and Multiple Regression Analysis.

Results: 1) The study on the creative leadership of school administrators under the Secondary Education Service Area Office, Bangkok Metropolitan Region 2 found that, overall, the level of creative leadership was high. When considering specific aspects, in order from highest to lowest, the key elements were: creativity, having a vision, adaptability and flexibility to change, and teamwork. 2) The study on the effectiveness of schools under the Secondary Education Service Area Office, Bangkok Metropolitan Region 2 found that, overall, the effectiveness level was the highest. When considering specific aspects, in order from highest to lowest, these were: the ability to develop students with a positive attitude, the ability to solve problems within the school, the ability to adapt and develop the school, and the ability to produce students with high academic achievement. 3) The study on how the creative leadership of school administrators affects the effectiveness of schools under the Secondary Education Service Area Office, Bangkok Metropolitan Region 2 showed that creative leadership had an impact on school effectiveness, with a constant value of 0.012. When considering the regression coefficients (B) in order from highest to lowest, these were: the coefficient for vision, the coefficient for adaptability and flexibility to change, and the coefficient for creativity. The constant and regression coefficients of creative leadership that affect the effectiveness of schools can be written as a prediction equation in raw scores as follows:

\hat{y} = 0.012 + 0.274 (X2) + 0.419 (X3) + 0.351 (X4)

Conclusion: School administrators with high creative leadership positively influence adaptability and teamwork, enabling the institution to develop and grow continuously. They demonstrate the ability to foster student development in attitudes, problem-solving skills, and academic achievement. The effective management of the institution allows it to respond quickly to changes, leading to success in the development of various systems within the school.

The Skills of School Administrators Affecting a Happy Workplace in School under Nakhon Phanom Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Thanawat Singcha — 2025-11-18

Background and Aims: Workplace happiness constitutes a fundamental element of human existence, as individuals dedicate a significant portion of their daily lives to professional endeavors, effectively establishing work as a core life activity. Beyond financial compensation, occupational engagement facilitates the development of professional relationships and the achievement of career milestones. Organizational happiness significantly enhances employee motivation, contributing to professional success and optimal operational efficiency. The purposes of this research were (1) to study and compare the skills of school administrators classified by school status and size, (2) to study and compare the concept of a happy workplace in schools classified by school status and size, (3) to study the relationship between the skills of school administrators and the happy workplace in schools, and (4) to study the skills of school administrators contribute to creating happy workplace in schools.

Methodology: This is quantitative research. The sample group consists of 90 school administrators and 318 teachers. The sample size was determined using percentage criteria and selected through stratified random sampling. The instruments used were 2 aspects of five-rating scale questionnaires: (1) a questionnaire on the skills of school administrators with the reliability of .97; (2) a questionnaire on the concept of a happy workplace in schools with the reliability of .98. The statistics employed were percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test (Independent Samples), One-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression stepwise analysis.

Results: The results of the research found that (1) the overall skills of school administrators, according to the opinions of both school administrators and teachers, were at a high level. In comparison, the overall skills of school administrators classified by status revealed a statistically significant difference at the .01 level, while the overall skills of school administrators classified by school size revealed a non-significant difference. (2) The overall concept of a happy workplace in schools, according to the opinions of both school administrators and teachers, was at a high level. In comparison, the overall skills of school administrators classified by status revealed a statistically significant difference at the .05 level, while the overall skills of school administrators classified by school size revealed a non-significant difference. (3) The relationship between the skills of school administrators and the concept of a happy workplace in schools was found to be positively and strongly correlated at a significant different at .01, with a correlation coefficient of .89 (rxy=.89). (4) The skills of school administrators, which included 4 aspects: (a) values and ethics of leadership (X5), (b) visionary leadership skills (X1), (c) skills in planning and curriculum development (X4), and (d) communication and community relations skills (X2), collectively predicted the creation of a happy workplace in schools. The prediction model was statistically significantly different at the .01 level, with a prediction power of 82% (R²=.82), SEest = 0.251.

Conclusion: A good school administrator with good skills can create a happy workplace in school by demonstrating creative leadership and solving problems effectively. These skills help foster a positive work environment, reduce conflicts, and motivate staff. When an organization is happy, it results in more effective teaching and sustainable development.

The Development of a Supervision Model Based on Lesson Study Combined with Feedback to Enhance Teachers’ Competence in Implementing TPACK for Promoting Primary School Students’ English-Speaking Skills

Chonthida Doungngamying — 2025-11-18

Background and Objectives: Education is a key mechanism for developing a high-quality workforce. Amidst the rapid changes of the 21st century, teachers’ competencies in learning management play a crucial role in enhancing students’ language skills. This study aims to develop and evaluate the quality of a supervision model based on the Lesson Study approach combined with feedback to enhance teachers’ learning management competencies following the TPACK framework and to promote English-speaking proficiency among elementary students.

Research Methodology: This study employed a research and development (R&D) process consisting of: (1) analyzing fundamental data and needs, and (2) developing and evaluating the quality of the model through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with seven experts and specialists. The research utilized various instruments, including document analysis forms, interview guides, and model quality assessment forms. Data were analyzed using mean (M), standard deviation (SD), and content analysis.

Research Findings: The developed supervision model comprises five components: (1) principles, (2) objectives, (3) supervision framework, (4) assessment and evaluation, and (5) supporting factors. The model consists of seven steps: problem analysis, comprehension building, supervision implementation, monitoring, reflection, feedback provision, refinement, discussion, and network building.

Conclusion: The developed supervision model enhances teachers’ learning management competencies, enabling them to improve instructional strategies that effectively promote students’ English-speaking skills. Additionally, it fosters a collaborative and continuous learning culture, contributing to the sustainable improvement of education quality.

Development of an Online Training Course to Promote Classroom Research Competence of Primary School Teachers in Ratchaburi Province

Jiratchaya Panmanee — 2025-11-20

Background and Aims: Classroom research is an important skill that enables teachers to improve their teaching and solve students' learning problems effectively. Therefore, the development of online training courses plays an important role in promoting teachers' competence by providing more convenient access to knowledge and practice, and is in line with professional development guidelines in the digital age. This research aims to 1) develop an online training course that promotes research competence in classrooms of primary teachers in Ratchaburi Province, and 2) evaluate the online training course that promotes research competence in classrooms of the primary teachers in Ratchaburi Province.

Methodology: This research is a research and development. The sample group is 30 primary school teachers in Ratchaburi Province. The research instruments consist of 1. Online training course 2. Learning outcome test 3. Classroom research competency assessment form consisting of knowledge, skills, attitude, and 4. Satisfaction assessment form. The statistics used include mean, standard deviation, and the t-test.

Results: It was found that 1) The development of online training courses that promote competency has an efficiency value of 81.75/84.63 when compared to the criteria of 80/80, which is higher than the specified criteria. 2) The results of the evaluation of the online training course that promoted competence in classroom research were as follows: 2.1) Knowledge in classroom research after studying was greater than before studying, with statistical significance at the .05 level. 2.2) Competence in classroom research was at a high level. 2.3) Satisfaction with the organization of the online training course was at the highest level.

Conclusion: The development of an online training course to promote research competence in the classroom of primary school teachers has yielded tangible results, both in terms of the curriculum and training manuals, which can be used as guidelines for further research. Additionally, the curriculum development system is suitable and can be implemented effectively. Trainees gain knowledge, skills and can integrate classroom research appropriately. Additionally, it helps to foster positive attitudes and encourages teachers to recognize the importance of self-development in research, thereby further enhancing the quality of teaching and learning.

The Development of Learning Activities Based on the Constructivist Approach for Undergraduate Students of the Faculty of Education, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University

Janphen Phusapha — 2025-11-20

Background and Aims: The development of educational quality has garnered significant attention, particularly in higher education, which plays a crucial role in enhancing individuals' skills and competencies. Constructivism posits that learning and knowledge construction occur within individuals who actively engage in experiences. This research is therefore essential for improving teaching and learning outcomes through constructivist-based learning activities for undergraduate students. The objectives of this study are: 1. To develop high-quality constructivist-based learning activities for undergraduate students. 2. To compare learning achievement using constructivist-based learning activities against an 80% criterion.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 28 undergraduate students from the Faculty of Education, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, selected through cluster sampling. The research instruments included a set of constructivist-based learning activities and an achievement test. The statistical methods used were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

Results: 1. The constructivist-based learning activities were found to be highly appropriate. 2. The students' learning achievement exceeded the 80% criterion at a statistically significant level of 0.05.

Conclusion: Constructivist-based learning activities emphasize learners' active participation in constructing their own knowledge. These activities encourage students to take an active role in knowledge creation, apply their learning to real-life situations, and develop an awareness of the tangible value of knowledge. This approach enables students to connect new knowledge with prior experiences, leading to improved learning outcomes.

The Impact of Digital Transformation on Educational Management Models

Xinyue Xiong — 2025-11-20

Background and Aim: This section introduces the application of digital transformation across various industries, with a particular focus on its rapid development in the education sector. It explores the impact of digital transformation on educational management models and examines the opportunities and challenges it brings.

Materials and Methods: This study combines a literature review and case analysis to explore the impact of digital transformation on educational management. Data will be collected through surveys of educational leaders and case studies from various schools and institutions. The surveys will focus on the use of digital tools such as Learning Management Systems (LMS) and data analytics platforms. The data will be analyzed using statistical methods for quantitative data and thematic coding for qualitative data to identify trends, challenges, and shifts in management models.

Results: This study identifies several key factors that influence the shift in educational management models due to digital transformation. The findings reveal that the automation of management processes has significantly improved operational efficiency by reducing manual tasks and enhancing the accuracy of administrative functions. Data-driven decision-making has emerged as a central factor, with educational leaders increasingly relying on real-time data analytics to inform decisions related to resource allocation, curriculum planning, and student performance monitoring. Furthermore, the widespread adoption of online learning platforms has transformed teaching methodologies, enabling more personalized and flexible learning experiences. These changes collectively contribute to a more agile, responsive, and data-informed management approach within educational institutions, aligning with the purpose of this research to examine the effects of digital transformation on educational leadership and decision-making.

Conclusion: Digital transformation has led to more efficient, flexible, and intelligent management models in education. However, it also presents challenges related to technology and human resources. Educational leaders need to adapt flexibly to these changes to maximize their benefits

Research on the Pathways for Enhancing Leadership in Educational Management

Xia Xin — 2025-11-21

Background and Aim: Educational leadership plays a critical role in shaping the direction and success of educational institutions. However, despite its significance, leadership within educational management faces numerous challenges, including issues related to decision-making, team coordination, and adaptability. This paper seeks to explore the pathways and strategies for enhancing leadership in educational management. Specifically, it will identify key leadership qualities that need to be developed and analyze the best practices for cultivating these qualities in educational managers.

Materials and Methods: This research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Data is gathered through a review of relevant literature, case studies, and surveys administered to educational leaders. Interviews with school administrators provide further insights into leadership challenges and the effectiveness of leadership development programs.

Results: The research reveals several effective pathways for enhancing leadership in educational management, such as continuous professional development, fostering collaborative team cultures, and implementing data-driven decision-making processes. The findings also highlight the importance of mentorship and peer learning in leadership enhancement.

Conclusion: Improving leadership in educational management is vital for achieving institutional success. By focusing on leadership training, experiential learning, and innovative leadership techniques, educational managers can significantly improve their decision-making abilities and management practices, ultimately contributing to better educational outcomes.

The Factors Influencing the Decision to Choose Small Home Construction Companies in Trang Province

Panuwat Ladngern — 2025-11-21

Background and Aims: The decision to use small home construction companies in Trang Province is influenced by several factors, including demographic factors, marketing mix factors, and company credibility, all of which are crucial for the survival and success of small businesses in the industry. Therefore, the objectives of this research are: (1) To examine demographic factors, marketing mix factors, and company credibility that influence the decision to use small home construction companies in Trang Province. (2) To analyze the factors influencing the decision to use small home construction companies in Trang Province.

Methodology: This study adopts a quantitative research approach, using a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The sample consists of 400 customers who have previously used small home construction services in Trang Province, selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis is conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis, to examine the influence of demographic factors, marketing mix factors, and company credibility on decision-making.

Results: (1) The factors influencing the decision to use small home construction companies in Trang Province include demographic factors, marketing mix factors (7Ps), and company credibility. The most influential factor is company credibility, followed by consumer decision-making and marketing mix factors. (2) The analysis reveals that average monthly income is the only demographic factor with a significant impact on decision-making. Among the marketing mix factors, Place, Promotion, People, and Process significantly influence the decision, while Product, Price, and Physical Evidence do not. Regarding company credibility, all components, including reputation, experience, certifications and licenses, work quality, and after-sales service, have a significant impact on consumer decision-making. These findings provide insights for developing and refining business strategies to enhance competitiveness in the market.

Conclusion: The study identifies demographic factors (particularly average monthly income), marketing mix factors (7Ps) (Place, Promotion, People, and Process), and company credibility (reputation, experience, certifications, work quality, and after-sales service) as key influences on consumers’ decisions to use small home construction companies in Trang Province. Among these, company credibility has the strongest influence on consumer decision-making.

The Effect of Content Marketing and Digital Marketing Communication on the Purchase Decision Process of Structural Steel Products

Supaya Deemek — 2025-11-21

Background and Aims: Content Marketing is crucial for building brand authority and engaging audiences through valuable, relevant information. Digital Marketing Communication ensures consistent, targeted messaging across online channels, strengthening brand awareness and customer relationships. This academic article aims to 1) study the patterns of content marketing and digital marketing communication affecting the decision-making process for the purchase of structural steel products and 2) to compare the decision-making processes for purchasing structural steel products by demographic factors.

Methodology: The study adopts a quantitative approach using a questionnaire as the data collection method, targeting individuals who have previously purchased a structural steel product in the province of Songkhla. A total of 400 samples were analyzed using statistical measures such as frequency, percentage, standard deviation, multiple regression analysis, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: The results of the study found that the majority of the sample group generally holds a positive opinion of content marketing, with an overall high level of agreement. The perception of digital marketing communication is also predominantly positive, reaching the highest level of agreement. Moreover, opinions regarding the decision-making process for purchasing structural steel products are also at the highest level overall. Content marketing and digital marketing communication through online social media significantly impact the decision-making process for purchasing structural steel products, accounting for 31.4%. However, statistically significant differences were observed in the opinions on the decision-making process for purchasing structural steel products among subgroups with varying levels of education, occupation, and income, with a significance level of 0.05.

Conclusion: Content marketing and digital marketing communication influence the purchase decision process of structural steel products by 31.4%. Additionally, customers with different demographic factors, including education level, occupation, and income, exhibit statistically significant differences in their purchase decision process for structural steel products.

Motivation for Work Performance of Teachers in Opportunity Expansion School under the Trat Primary Educational Service Area Office

Thanyada Sitthihiranmethi — 2025-11-21

Background and Aims: Work motivation is a factor that stimulates positive energy, encouraging employees to put effort into their work and leading to positive changes. When employees' physical and psychological needs are met, motivation becomes essential for organizational management. If leaders can understand employees' needs and effectively align motivation with those needs, it will foster enthusiasm, cooperation, and efficient performance in achieving the organization's goals. Therefore, the purpose of this research is: 1. To study the work motivation of teachers in opportunity expansion schools under the Office of Trat Primary Educational Service Area. 2. Compare the work motivation of teachers in these schools, classified by gender, age, education level, and work experience. 3. Guidelines for Motivating Teachers in Opportunity Expansion Schools under the Trat Primary Educational Service Area Office.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of teachers from opportunity expansion schools under the Office of Trat Primary Educational Service Area for the academic year 2024. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan's table. The sampling method involved stratified random sampling, followed by simple random sampling using a lottery method, resulting in a total sample of 200 participants. The research instruments were a questionnaire and an interview. Statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-test, and F-test.

Results: The research findings were as follows: 1. Overall, the work motivation of teachers in opportunity expansion schools was at a high level. Considering each aspect, the highest mean score was for policy and administration, which was at a high level. This was followed by job achievement, also at a high level. The lowest mean score was for salary, which still indicated a high level of motivation. 2. Comparing the work motivation of teachers by gender, age, education level, and work experience revealed that gender did not result in significant differences in opinions. However, age, education level, and work experience showed significant differences in opinions at the .01 level. 3. Guidelines for Motivating Teachers in Opportunity Expansion Schools under the Trat Primary Educational Service Area Office. There are fourteen aspects and forty-seven guidelines.

Conclusion: Studies have found that teachers have a high level of motivation. When considering specific aspects, the highest average score is in the area of policy and administration, followed by job achievement, while the lowest average score is in the area of salary. When classified by gender, age, educational level, and work experience, it was found that teachers of different genders had no significant differences in opinions. However, differences in age, educational level, and work experience resulted in differing opinions. The guidelines for enhancing teachers' motivation in expanded opportunity schools under the Trat Primary Educational Service Area Office consist of 14 aspects and 47 strategies.

Participative Administration Affecting the Effectiveness of World-Class Standard Schools Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1

Thanapol Kanhasing — 2025-11-22

Background and Aims: The researcher is interested in studying participatory management that affects the effectiveness of world-class standard schools within the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, specifically in Bangkok Area 1. This research is descriptive. The objectives are to study 1) the level of participatory management, 2) the level of effectiveness of world-class standard schools, and 3) participatory management that affects the effectiveness of world-class standard schools under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Bangkok Area 1.

Methodology: The sample group used in the research was 365 school administrators and teachers from a population of 5,316 people, stratified random sampling according to the population proportion. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability of 0.994 (α = 0.994). The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation (S.D.), and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results: 1) The level of participatory management of international standard schools under the Office of the Secondary Education Area, Bangkok Area 1, overall, has a high average value. 2) The level of effectiveness of international standard schools under the Office of the Secondary Education Area, Bangkok Area 1, overall, has a high average value. And 3) Participatory management affects the effectiveness of international standard schools under the Office of the Secondary Education Area, Bangkok Area 1, with statistical significance at the .01 level (R² = 0.934).

Conclusion: The overall effectiveness of the participatory management in international-standard schools is at a high level. The factors influencing the prediction, in order of importance, are as follows: participation in receiving benefits, participation in evaluation, and participation in operations. These factors can predict the effectiveness of international-standard schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Secondary Education Service Area Office 1 with an accuracy of 93.4%, which is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Enhancing Game-based Learning Activities Integrated with Mind Mapping Techniques in Buddhism Studies for Grade 8 Students

Nattawut Kuenongkhun — 2025-11-22

Background and Aims: This research aimed to 1) develop learning activities in Buddhism for Mathayom 2 students by organizing learning activities using games as a base with mind mapping techniques to be effective according to the criteria of 80/80, 2) compare the academic achievement of learning activities organized using games as a base with mind mapping techniques in Buddhism, and 3) study the satisfaction of students towards learning activities organized using games as a base with mind mapping techniques.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 34 Mathayom 2 students of Phanomphrai Witthayakhan School, selected by cluster random sampling. The research instruments were 1) learning management plans using games as a base with mind mapping techniques, 2) an academic achievement test, and 3) a satisfaction questionnaire. The statistics used were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test.

Results: The results of the research found that 1) learning activities using games as a base with mind mapping techniques were effective at 93.27/87.55, which met the specified criteria. 2) Students had academic achievement using games as a base with mind mapping techniques. After learning, it was significantly higher than before learning at the .05 level, and 3) the students were satisfied with the learning activities using games as a base with the mind mapping technique, overall at the highest level

Conclusion: Mind mapping is very useful and can be applied to work, study, and daily life effectively. In terms of work, it can be used to plan various actions in daily life.

Developing the Abilities to Solve Physics Problems of Eleventh Graders Through Learning Activities that Emphasize the Integration of Metacognitive Strategies with a Scaffolding Approach

Cholticha Moolsri — 2025-11-22

Background and Aims: "Students' ability to solve physics problems" is an important skill that helps develop analytical thinking and systematic reasoning, as well as promote a deep understanding of natural laws and phenomena, which can be effectively applied in real life and other science learning. This research aimed to develop the problem-solving ability in physics among Grade 11 students, ensuring that at least 70% of the students achieve a passing score.

Methodology: The target group consisted of 12 Grade 11 students during the first semester of the 2022 academic year at Jikduwittaya School, under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office of Ubon Ratchathani and Amnat Charoen. The research instruments were divided into three categories: Tools for research implementation: Learning activity plans focusing on solving physics problems. Tools for reflecting research outcomes: Behavior observation forms and student interview forms. Tools for evaluating research outcomes: Physics problem-solving ability tests for Grade 11 students. The research utilized an action research methodology divided into three cycles. Quantitative data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and percentage, while qualitative data were interpreted and summarized descriptively through observations and interviews.

Results: The students' passing rates for each cycle were as follows: Cycle 1: 2 students (16.67%) met the criteria, Cycle 2: 7 students (58.33%) met the criteria, Cycle 3: 9 students (75%) met the criteria.

Conclusion: These results indicate that the learning activities, which integrated metacognitive strategies with scaffolding techniques, effectively improved the students' problem-solving abilities in physics.

Core Competencies of School Administrators Affecting the Professional Standards of Teachers in Schools Under the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office

Dennapa Innonchueak — 2025-11-22

Background and Aims: The researcher is interested in studying the core administrative competencies of school administrators that influence teachers' professional practice in schools under the jurisdiction of the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office. This study employs a descriptive research approach with the following objectives: 1) To assess the level of core administrative competencies of school administrators. 2) To evaluate the level of teachers' professional practice. 3) To examine the impact of school administrators' core administrative competencies on teachers' professional practice in schools under the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office.

Methodology: The sample group for this study consisted of 322 school administrators and teachers, selected from a population of 1,982 individuals using stratified random sampling, with districts as the stratification criterion. The research instrument was a questionnaire with an overall reliability coefficient of 0.936 (α = 0.936). The statistical methods used for data analysis included percentage, mean (x̄), standard deviation (S.D.), and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results: 1) The overall level of core administrative competencies of school administrators under the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office was found to be high. 2) The overall level of teachers' professional practice under the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office was also found to be high. 3) The core administrative competencies of school administrators had a statistically significant impact on teachers' professional practice in schools under the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office at the .01 level (R² = 0.329).

Conclusion: The predictive variables, ranked in order of influence from highest to lowest, were service orientation (X₂), teamwork (X₄), and self-development (X₃). These factors collectively predicted teachers' professional practice in schools under the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office with an accuracy of 32.90 percent.

The Academic Leadership of School Administrators Impacts the Quality of Students in Schools Under the Jurisdiction of the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office

Thanawan Phatsong — 2025-11-22

Background and Aims: The researcher is interested in studying the academic leadership of school administrators and its impact on student quality in schools under the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office. This study is a descriptive research study with the objectives to examine: 1) The level of academic leadership of school administrators, 2) The level of student quality in schools, and 3) The influence of school administrators' academic leadership on student quality in schools under the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office.

Methodology: The sample group used in the research was 322 school administrators and teachers from a population of 1,982 people, stratified random sampling according to the population proportion. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability of 0.912 (\alpha = 0.912). The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean (x̄), standard deviation (S.D.), and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results: 1) The overall level of academic leadership among school administrators in schools under the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office was found to be high. 2) The overall level of student quality in these schools was also found to be high. 3) The academic leadership of school administrators had a statistically significant impact on student quality at the 0.05 level (R² = 0.409).

Conclusion: The overall level of academic leadership and student quality in the educational institution is high. The most influential variables in predicting student quality, ranked in descending order, are as follows: Classroom time management (X₆), Provision of learning support resources for students (X₁₁), Promotion of professional development (X₇), Monitoring of student progress (X₅), and Setting school goals (X₁). They were able to predict the Quality of Students in Schools Under the Jurisdiction of the Samut Sakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office at 39.9 percent.

Management Skills in the 21st Century of School Administrators Affecting the Effectiveness of Schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1

Ponlawat Yoodee — 2025-11-23

Background and Aims: In the 21st century, Directors need to have management skills that align with the changing social context. The researcher is interested in studying the management skills in the 21st century that impact the effectiveness of schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok District 1. This research is descriptive in nature, with the objectives to study: 1) the level of management skills in the 21st century, 2) the level of school effectiveness, and 3) the management skills in the 21st century that affect the effectiveness of schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok District 1.

Methodology: Methodology: The sample group used in the research was 365 school administrators and teachers from a population of 5,316 people, stratified random sampling according to the population proportion. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability of 0.994 (\alpha = 0.994). The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation (S.D.), and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results: The level of 21st-century management skills of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok District 1, is generally at a high level. 2) The level of school effectiveness under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok District 1, is also generally at a high level. 3) The 21st-century management skills that significantly affect the effectiveness of schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok District 1, at the statistical significance level of .01 (R² = 0.959).

Conclusion: 21st Century Management Skills and School Effectiveness are at a High Level. The variables that have the greatest influence in predicting, in order, are: Decision-making skills (X9), Project planning skills (X₃), Motivation skills (X₁₀), Job training skills (X₇), and Relationship-building skills (X₆). These can predict the effectiveness of internationally recognized schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok District 1, with an accuracy of 95.9%.

The Development of Critical Reading Ability of Mattayomsuksa 3 With SQ5R Learning Management Combined with KWL-Plus techniques

Amporn Annok — 2025-11-23

Background and Aims: Information technology is currently advancing rapidly. The implementation of the SQ5R learning management system, combined with KWL-Plus techniques, is therefore essential for developing critical reading skills. This research aims to enhance the critical reading ability of Mattayomsuksa 3 through SQ5R learning combined with the KWL-Plus technique, meeting the standard of 75% or above.

Methodology: The objectives of this action research were conducted through two action research cycles. The sample group consisted of 16 students from Mattayomsuksa 3 from Bankudphai School, Ban Khwao District, Chaiyaphum Province, under the Office of Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area 1, during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample was selected using cluster random sampling. The research instruments included SQ5R lesson plans combined with the KWL-Plus technique, post-learning record sheets, learning activity observation forms, student interview forms, and a critical reading ability test.

Results: The critical reading ability of Mattayomsuksa 3, who participated in the SQ5R learning approach combined with KWL-Plus, met the standard of 75% or above.

Conclusion: After the learning intervention, seven students, accounting for 43.75% of the total participants, achieved a critical reading ability score exceeding the 75% threshold. And students are more interested and engaged in learning.

Artificial Intelligence in Art and Design Education and Challenges: An Exploration of Future Educational Models

Haitao Bai — 2025-11-23

Background and Aims: The term "artificial intelligence" was first coined by John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, marking the birth of artificial intelligence as an independent discipline. The discipline of AI is a highly integrated field of science and technology and philosophy, and despite its short history as a discipline, there is a long history of discussion about AI and that these philosophical theories were closely related to the formation of the concept of AI, similar to the way that the concept of "robot" was first introduced in literature and art. The study of the significance of artificial intelligence in art and design education can be elaborated in more detail at three levels: theoretical significance, practical significance, and educational practice.

Methodology: A core sample of 300 students from the Art and Design program classes of 2021 through 2023 was used for the study. The distribution of the student sample size was based on the following logic: 40% (120) freshmen, 35% (105) sophomores, and 25% (75) juniors. This ratio reflects both the comfort level of beginners with AI technology and the depth of senior students' experience with the technology.

Results: The study analyzes in detail the application of artificial intelligence in art and design education, including intelligent assisted teaching, stimulation of creative thinking, and accurate evaluation and feedback mechanisms. But also positively affected students' creativity. Nevertheless, the challenges of technology integration, ethical and moral considerations, and the reconfiguration of educational resources remain.

Conclusion: This study provides a new approach to supporting solid theory and practice for the reform and advancement of art and design education in the future. Although research in art and design is still in its infancy compared to information science, and also finds many common points between artificial intelligence and art and design, the research finds that exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on art and design education, and using the current widespread interest in artificial intelligence and its practical application as a starting point, provides theoretical and practical suggestions for future art design with clear implications for efficiency.

The Role of Educational Institution Administrators in Promoting Student-Centered Teaching and Learning under the Jurisdiction of the Chachoengsao Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Nattawit Thongmongkol — 2025-11-23

Background and Aims: School administrators are the most crucial educational personnel in schools, responsible for successfully implementing the curriculum and managing learning. And when the world progresses and changes rapidly, the role of school administrators must also change. It has been mentioned that the role of school administrators must operate to develop and use the school's curriculum to be effective and efficient at the highest level.. then The purpose of this research are: 1. study the role of school administrators in promoting student-centered learning, 2. compare the roles of school administrators in promoting student-centered learning, classified by gender, age, education level, work experience, and school size, and 3. study the development guidelines for the role of school administrators in promoting student-centered learning under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Chachoengsao.

Methodology: The sample group used in the research was administrators and teachers under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Samut Prakan, academic year 2024, which determined the sample size using the formula for calculating the sample size according to Yamane's calculation principle. The sample size used in the research was 315 people using the stratified sampling method and the simple random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test and content analysis.

Results: 1. The role of school administrators under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Chachoengsao, overall, the level of opinions was at a high level. When considering each aspect, the aspect with the highest average value was the development of educational media, innovation, and technology. The level of opinions was at the highest level, followed by the development of learning processes. The level of opinions was at the highest level. The aspect with the lowest average value was research to develop educational quality. The level of opinions was at a high level. 2. Comparison of the level of opinions on the role of school administrators in promoting student-centered teaching and learning under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Chachoengsao, classified by gender, age, education level, work experience, and size of the school, showed no differences in overall opinions. But it is different in each aspect. 3. Guidelines for developing the role of school administrators in promoting student-centered teaching and learning under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Chachoengsao, consisted of 4 aspects and 4 approaches.

Conclusion: The results of the study showed that gender, age, education level, work experience, and size of educational institutions had different opinions on the role of educational institution administrators, with statistical significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels.

The Academic Management of School Administrators in Opportunity Expansion Schools under the Office of Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area 1

Jakkapong Inporn — 2025-11-23

Background and Aims: Education is a fundamental foundation for progress and solving various problems, with human resource development being a key factor in driving the country forward. Education enables individuals to think, analyze, solve problems, and use available resources effectively. The educational process, therefore, aims to develop a person's potential in terms of intellect, physical abilities, emotions, and mind, from laying the foundation in childhood to developing skills for pursuing a career, generating income, and leading a happy and sustainable life in society. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: 1) to examine the level of academic administration by school administrators, 2) to compare the academic administration of school administrators, and 3) to explore guidelines for the development of academic administration by school administrators.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of teachers in opportunity expansion schools in the academic year 2024. The sample size was determined using Yamane's formula (Yamane, 1973), resulting in a total of 268 participants, selected through stratified and simple random sampling by lottery method. The key informants were five school administrators. The research instruments included questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, along with inferential statistics, including t-test and F-test, and content analysis.

Results: The research revealed that: 1. The overall level of academic administration in opportunity expansion schools under the Office of Primary Educational Service Area, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District 1, was rated at a high level. Among the various aspects, the highest mean score was found in internal quality assurance system development and educational standards, followed by school curriculum development. The lowest mean score was in educational research for quality improvement. 2. Teachers with different levels of education had significantly different opinions on academic administration at the.05 level. However, factors such as gender, age, work experience, and school size did not lead to significant differences in opinions. 3. The academic administration guidelines for school administrators in opportunity expansion schools under the Office of Primary Educational Service Area, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District 1, covered 8 aspects with a total of 38 guidelines

Conclusion: The study found that the academic administration of school administrators in opportunity expansion schools under the Office of the Primary Educational Service Area, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Area 1, was generally at a high level. When categorized by gender, age, education level, work experience, and school size, there were no significant differences in opinions regarding academic administration. However, differences were observed based on the education level of the administrators. The study also identified 8 areas and 38 guidelines for developing academic administration by school administrators.

Development of Management Guidelines Student Care and Support System after the New Normal for the Food and Nutrition Program, Chiang Mai Vocational College

Jinpatcha Thummachai — 2025-11-23

Background and Aims: The management of the student care system depends on keeping an eye on the physical, mental, and emotional requirements of the students. It helps to create a safe and supportive environment that supports children's overall development and success. This research aimed to 1) study the current state of student care and support system management after New Normal for the Food and Nutrition Program at Chiang Mai Vocational College, and 2) develop management guidelines for the student care and support system after New Normal for the Food and Nutrition Program at Chiang Mai Vocational College.

Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods approach conducted in two phases. Phase 1 investigated the current state of student care and support system management using questionnaires administered to 15 purposively selected advisors in the Food and Nutrition Program. Phase 2 focused on developing management guidelines through semi-structured interviews with 9 administrators and personnel from 3 model institutions under the Office of Vocational Education Commission, followed by an evaluation of the appropriateness and feasibility of the proposed guidelines by 5 purposively selected experts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation) and content analysis.

Results: The findings revealed that: 1) The current state of student care and support system management in the Food and Nutrition Program at Chiang Mai Vocational College was at a high level overall (\bar{X} = 3.78, S.D. = 0.61). When analyzing each aspect, the management of the student care support system scored highest (\bar{X} = 3.83, S.D. = 0.61), followed by the implementation of the student care support system (\bar{X} = 3.72, S.D. = 0.67). A moderate level of concern was identified in the process of internal and external student referral. 2) The developed management guidelines comprised 7 key components: (1) administrative structure of the student care support system, (2) roles and responsibilities of committees and stakeholders, (3) operational processes under the POLC⁺ framework of Chiang Mai Vocational College, (4) flowchart of student care support system operations, (5) practical guidelines for student care support procedures, (6) operation timeline, and (7) assessment tools and documentation for student support. Expert evaluation indicated that the guidelines had the highest level of appropriateness (\bar{X} = 4.57, S.D. = 0.47) and a high level of feasibility (\bar{X} = 4.46, S.D. = 0.55).

Conclusion: The developed management guidelines integrated the POLC management theory with Communication and Cooperation, as well as the application of Technology in the administration and implementation of student care support. This conceptual framework enhances the efficiency of the student care support system and aligns with the rapidly changing social context in the post-New Normal era.

Dynamics of Digital Currency Adoption in China: Exploring Technological, Policy, Economic, and Socio-Cultural Dimensions

Chenyu Luo — 2025-11-23

Background and Aim: China’s Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP) system represents a pioneering shift in global finance, positioning China at the forefront of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) innovation. While existing literature explores various aspects of digital currency adoption, an integrative analysis of technological, policy, economic, and socio-cultural dimensions remains limited. This study seeks to bridge this research gap by examining the key determinants of DCEP adoption and its broader global implications. By incorporating insights from multiple disciplines, this research enhances understanding of adoption frameworks and strategic policy interventions.

Materials and Methods: This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining primary and secondary data sources to analyze DCEP adoption dynamics. Primary data includes surveys (n=500 respondents) and semi-structured interviews with policymakers, financial institutions, and technology experts. Secondary data is drawn from government reports, central bank publications, financial institutions, and peer-reviewed academic literature. The quantitative component applies statistical modeling to measure transaction cost reduction, financial inclusion, and regulatory compliance, while the qualitative component explores policy initiatives, socio-cultural influences, and technological trust. This methodological design ensures analytical transparency and a comprehensive assessment of factors shaping digital currency adoption in China.

Results: With blockchain technology as its backbone, DCEP enhances transaction security, efficiency, and transparency, fostering positive user perceptions. However, challenges such as regulatory clarity, financial literacy, and consumer trust significantly impact adoption rates. Empirical findings reveal disparities in adoption levels across different demographic groups and industries, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. The study identifies key socio-cultural factors, including trust in state-backed financial systems, digital literacy, and evolving consumer behaviors, as critical to DCEP adoption success.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the necessity of a comprehensive strategy that integrates technological innovations, regulatory reforms, and financial education to accelerate digital currency adoption. This study contributes to the broader discourse on financial technology by offering insights into policy frameworks, economic incentives, and consumer behavior. The research provides strategic recommendations for ensuring inclusive adoption while addressing privacy concerns, regulatory risks, and financial stability. As China advances its digital financial ecosystem, its experience offers valuable lessons for other nations exploring CBDCs. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and comparative assessments to evaluate the long-term impact of digital currency adoption frameworks.

Digital Leadership of Administrators as a Predictor of School Effectiveness under Pathum Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Kanyarat Rordkong — 2025-11-24

Background and Aims: Digital leadership among school administrators has become a critical factor in enhancing the effectiveness of educational institutions. This study aimed to: (1) analyze the components of digital leadership among school administrators that predict the effectiveness of schools under the Pathum Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2; and (2) develop strategies to strengthen digital leadership among school administrators within the same jurisdiction.

Methodology: This research employed a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean (\bar{X}), and standard deviation (SD). The relationships between observed variables were examined using Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, and predictive power was assessed through Multiple Regression Analysis. The sample consisted of 310 teachers from schools under the Pathum Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2 during the 2024 academic year. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with key informants.

Results: The findings revealed that the overall level of digital leadership among school administrators was high (\bar{X} = 4.50, SD = 0.51), indicating effective application of digital leadership across multiple domains. Similarly, the overall level of school effectiveness was at its highest level (\bar{X}= 4.55, SD = 0.56), reflecting strong performance in instructional quality, organizational management, and community engagement. A strong positive correlation was found between digital leadership and school effectiveness (r = 0.86, p < .01), suggesting that robust digital leadership is significantly associated with improved institutional outcomes. Among the four dimensions of digital leadership communication, vision creation, digital culture, and digital literacy, three were found to significantly predict school effectiveness at the .01 level: communication, creating a digital culture, and digital literacy.

Conclusion: Digital leadership of school administrators is strongly and significantly associated with the effectiveness of schools under the Pathum Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. The key predictors of communication, digital culture, and digital literacy highlight the need for targeted leadership development in these areas. School administrators should prioritize cultivating these competencies to enhance institutional performance and ensure sustainable development in the digital era.

Blended Teaching Model Development for Japanese Language Education in Chinese Universities

Shuang Cui — 2025-11-24

Background and Aims: This study investigates the development and implementation of a Japanese language blended teaching model specifically designed for Chinese university students, leveraging advanced digital technologies. The integration of online and offline learning modes is vital in language education as the educational landscape evolves. This research aims to address the innovative challenges faced by students and educators in the Japanese language major within Chinese universities. The study proposes a blended teaching model that combines traditional face-to-face instruction with digital learning tools.

Methodology: This study used a mixed-method approach, utilizing pre- and post-tests to assess language proficiency, surveys to evaluate student engagement and satisfaction, and learning analytics to track digital platform usage. Expert reviews were also conducted to ensure instructional quality and validate the blended teaching model’s implementation outcomes

Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant increase in student engagement, language proficiency, and overall satisfaction with the learning experience under this blended learning model. The study also highlighted the importance of flexibility, interactivity, and personalized learning pathways in enhancing language acquisition through blended learning.

Conclusion: Integrating digital technology and adopting a blended teaching model in Japanese language teaching in Chinese universities meets the language learning needs of students at different levels and improves the effect of language learning. It also cultivates students' digital literacy and learning autonomy and motivation, thus further improving the quality of foreign language learning and teaching. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on blended learning in language education and offers practical insights for educators seeking to innovate their teaching practices. Future research should examine adaptive learning or conduct comparisons with alternative language teaching models.

Factors Affecting the Employment of Migrant Workers in Linyi City, Shandong, China

Sun Ninghao — 2025-11-24

Background and Aim: This study discusses the factors affecting the employment of migrant workers in Linyi City, Shandong Province. At present, the new generation of migrant workers is gradually entering the peak of employment, but their employment situation in the city is not optimistic, and the perception of career choice is an important factor in the career choices made by migrant workers. It has a guiding effect on people's employment behavior, so it is of great significance to study the influencing factors of migrant workers' employment.

This study tries to analyze the influence of farmers' feelings on the new generation of migrant workers' view of employment. Finally, it puts forward some relevant suggestions in view of the reality.

Materials and Methods: This paper collected the data of the sampled villages by means of a questionnaire survey and field visit. The scope of this questionnaire survey included the residents who had lived in the village from 1985 to 2004. The labor force in this survey refers to people aged 16-60 who are working or looking for a job, excluding students who are attending school. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform binary logistic regression analysis on the survey data.

Results: (1) Regarding farmers' local employment willingness, the survey data show that most farmers choose to work outside their hometowns, while only a small portion prefer to stay and work locally. (2) Education level and household annual income have a significant positive impact on local employment willingness. Family support is a crucial factor determining whether migrant workers are willing to choose local employment.

Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence that personal factors and external factors have a significant impact on migrant workers' job selection. However, establishing a correct view of job selection and optimizing external welfare are important conditions to promote migrant workers' employment.

Digital Traffic Cone

Manthana Chaiyakot — 2025-11-24

Background and Aims: The Royal Thai Police has implemented the government's policies and plans, establishing strategies, tactics, and measures. Including the work of police officers who perform traffic duties, in determining policy for law enforcement, to create efficiency, transparency, fairness, and international standards to solve traffic problems and reduce accidents. The objectives of an innovative study are to develop and evaluate the use of AI-driven digital traffic cones to support traffic police operations in high-density areas.

Methodology: A sample group of 400 people, using Taro Yamane's formula, is employed in this quantitative research. The research tools are satisfaction questionnaires. Quantitative data analysis. Statistics used in the analysis include frequency, percentage. And analyze the satisfaction of the people who use the roads in front of Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon and the area of responsibility of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Provincial Police Station.

Results: This study found that the populations who drive and use the road are satisfied with this innovative tool for preventing and reducing accidents. They realized the importance of road safety and considered those traveling with them at the highest level. To begin with, the highest participant satisfaction percent, one hundred fifty-nine participants, accounting for 39.75 percent, are satisfied with the innovative tool's ability to prevent and reduce road accidents. Next, eighty-five participants are satisfied with the appropriate workpiece format, the Digital traffic cone, accounting for 212.5 percent. Then, fifty-four participants are satisfied with the safety of the materials and equipment, accounting for 13.50 percent. Forty-nine participants, accounting for 12.25 percent, are satisfied with functional equipment that can be used on the road. Last, fifty-three participants, accounting for 13.25 percent, are satisfied with the innovative AI system contained in the traffic rubber cone, which was developed to be easy to use and understand.

Conclusion: Therefore, creating innovative research, “Digital traffic cone”, helps prevent and reduce road accidents among road users. It aligns with the research objectives, which are the appropriate workpiece design format, the safety of the material and equipment used, and the usefulness of and developed AI system.

Teamwork and Motivational Factors Affecting the Performance of Fire and Rescue Personnel, Division 4, Bureau of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Bangkok

Songpon Kotan — 2025-11-24

Background and Aims: Effective teamwork relies on cooperation, communication, and trust among members, which enhances work efficiency and reduces conflicts. Meanwhile, motivation, both intrinsic, derived from job satisfaction, and extrinsic, driven by rewards or recognition, plays a crucial role in encouraging individuals to strive for improvement, ultimately leading to increased work performance. This research aims to examine: 1) The level of teamwork factors among Fire and Rescue Personnel, Division 4, Bureau of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Bangkok. 2) The level of motivational factors among the same personnel. 3) The level of work performance efficiency among the same personnel. 4) The comparison between personal factors and work performance efficiency among the same personnel. 5) The teamwork and motivational factors influencing their work performance efficiency.

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consists of 156 Fire and Rescue Personnel, Division 4, Bureau of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Bangkok. The research instrument employed is a questionnaire. The statistical methods used for data analysis include descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics, including t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression analysis for hypothesis testing.

Results: It was found that: 1) The overall level of teamwork factors among Fire and Rescue Personnel, Division 4, Bureau of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Bangkok, was at the highest level (\bar{X}=4.29, S.D.=0.512). 2) The overall level of motivational factors, which include both motivators and hygiene factors, among the same personnel, was at the highest level (\bar{X}=4.22, S.D.=0.532). 3) The overall level of work performance efficiency among the same personnel was at the highest level (\bar{X}=4.27, S.D.=0.518). 4) The comparison between personal factors and work performance efficiency among the same personnel showed a statistically significant level of 0.05. 5) Teamwork factors and motivational factors influencing work performance efficiency among the same personnel showed a statistically significant level of 0.05

Conclusion: Teamwork factors, such as cooperation, communication, and trust, positively impact the work performance efficiency of fire and rescue personnel. Additionally, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors—such as compensation, career advancement, and recognition—play a crucial role in boosting morale and enhancing performance. The findings suggest that fostering teamwork and providing appropriate motivation can significantly improve operational efficiency.

Digital Leadership Components of School Administrators under Nakhon Pathom Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Sasima Maneewong — 2025-11-24

Background and Aims: Digital leadership plays an important role in driving development to adjust educational administration to be ready for rapid changes from the transition from the analog era to the digital era. For the Nakhon Pathom Secondary Educational Service Area Office, there is still no clear conclusion on whether or not the administrators of educational institutions under the Nakhon Pathom Secondary Educational Service Area Office have digital leadership components. The researcher is interested in studying the components of digital leadership of school administrators under the Nakhon Pathom Secondary Educational Service Area Office. The research objectives were to study 1) Digital Leadership Components of School Administrators under Nakhon Pathom Secondary Education Area Office and 2) the examine the consistency of the model of Digital Leadership Components of School Administrators under Nakhon Pathom Secondary Educational Service Area Office.

Methodology: The stratified random sampling included 420 administrators and teachers from 1,819 population. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability value for the whole document equal to 0.963. Statistics used in data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), consideration of components with eigenvalues, and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results: The research results showed that; 1) The level of digital leadership of school administrators under Nakhon Pathom Secondary Educational Service Area Office overall average was at the highest level (Mean = 4.58/ S.D. = 0.56), 2) The exploratory factor analysis of the digital leadership components of the school administrators Nakhon Pathom Secondary Educational Service Area Office shows that all components are significantly correlated at 0.568, and testing with Barrett’s Test of Sphericity shows that the chi-square value of the correlation matrix from the Barrett’s Test statistical analysis is 34674.451 with a significance level of 0.000. The confirmatory factor analysis of the digital leadership components under Nakhon Pathom Secondary Educational Service Area Office indicates that it consists of 7 components and 35 variables, with a significance level of 0.001.

Conclusion: 1) The components of digital leadership of school administrators under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Nakhon Pathom. The level of digital leadership under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Nakhon Pathom, the aspect with the highest mean is opportunity creation, followed by public relations, and professional growth/development has the lowest mean. 2) The results of the examination of the consistency of the digital leadership component model found that all 7 components and 35 variables are statistically significant at the 0.001 level for all values, indicating that the model has structural validity for all components.

The Impact of Population Aging on Economic Development in China: Insights from Heilongjiang, Hebei, and Hunan

Yunxia Liu — 2025-11-24

Background and Aim: China's demographic transition from a "demographic dividend" phase, characterized by a youthful population and rapid economic growth, to an aging society presents multifaceted socioeconomic challenges. This shift has been accelerated by the legacy of the one-child policy, rising life expectancy, and pronounced regional disparities. Provincial variations in aging trajectories are critical. Heilongjiang faces severe aging due to outmigration and shrinking labor pools, Hebei exhibits deep urban-rural divides in aging impacts, and Hunan demonstrates moderate aging mitigated by intergenerational family support systems. This study investigates the heterogeneous economic consequences of population aging across these provinces, with a focus on labor market dynamics, fiscal sustainability, and long-term growth trajectories. By contextualizing aging within China's unique "getting old before getting rich" paradigm, we aim to inform region-specific policy responses.

Materials and Methods: An augmented Solow growth model is employed to disentangle aging effects, incorporating province-level panel data (2004–2024) from China's National Bureau of Statistics and official provincial yearbooks. The model explicitly integrates aging-specific variables—including elderly dependency ratio, working-age population share, human capital stock, savings rate, and labor force participation rate—as both independent and interactive predictors. Econometric techniques include unit root testing for stationarity, cointegration analysis to validate long-term relationships, and fixed-effects regression to control for province-invariant characteristics. Model transparency is enhanced by specifying the functional form of aging variable incorporation and data standardization processes.

Results: The elderly dependency ratio exhibits negligible direct effects on real per capita GDP. However, working-age population proportion (β=2.29, p<0.1), human capital (β=5.08, p<0.01), savings rate (β=3.86, p<0.05), and labor participation (β=1.96, p<0.01) significantly drive growth. Regional heterogeneity emerges. Heilongjiang’s labor shortages contrast with Hunan’s resilience from human capital investments, while Hebei’s urban-rural disparities underscore uneven aging impacts.

Conclusion: Policy measures must prioritize region-specific strategies: enhancing vocational education in human-capital-deficient areas, incentivizing labor participation through flexible retirement, and expanding multi-pillar pension systems. Lessons from Japan’s automation adoption and Nordic flexible work models highlight feasible pathways. Aligning reforms with China’s “getting old before getting rich” context ensures sustainable adaptation to demographic shifts.

Leadership Development Models for Chinese Medicine University Students in Shandong Province

Zhuang Yun — 2025-11-24

Background and Aim: This study aims to assess the leadership development needs of Chinese medicine university students in Shandong Province and propose targeted improvement models. The research seeks to identify key factors influencing leadership development, including course learning, organizational involvement, and social practice, and provide recommendations for enhancing leadership education in the context of traditional Chinese medicine education.

Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative data from 1,500 valid questionnaires with qualitative insights gathered through interviews with students and faculty members. The survey explored students' leadership awareness, current abilities, and their perceptions of leadership development programs. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to identify the factors contributing to leadership development.

Results: The results indicate that leadership education plays a significant role in improving students’ leadership abilities. Students who participated in leadership courses and organizational involvement scored significantly higher in leadership development. Additionally, social practice and volunteer service were found to enhance students’ leadership skills, particularly in terms of teamwork and social responsibility. The study also identified leadership awareness and course participation as key factors influencing students' leadership development.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of integrating leadership education into the curriculum of Chinese medicine universities. The study suggests that a comprehensive approach, including leadership courses, organizational involvement, and social practice, can effectively enhance leadership development among students. The proposed C-COS model (Course Learning, Organizational Involvement, Social Involvement) provides a framework for improving leadership education tailored to the needs of Chinese medicine students in Shandong Province. The study recommends expanding leadership training programs and promoting social engagement to better prepare students for future leadership roles in the healthcare sector.

The Influence of Qin Guoming on the Development of Chinese Folk Songs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Tingting Cao — 2025-11-24

Background and Aims: Guilin folk songs, an integral part of the cultural heritage of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, face challenges due to modernization and shifting societal values. Qin Guoming, a renowned folk musician, has played a pivotal role in preserving, transmitting, and innovating these folk songs. This study analyzes the influence of Qin Guoming on the development of Chinese folk songs in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Methodology: This research employs a qualitative approach, incorporating ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and textual analysis. Data collection involves interviews with folk musicians, cultural policymakers, and music educators, as well as an analysis of archival materials, folk song recordings, and academic literature. The study categorizes themes related to folk song preservation, transmission, and modernization to comprehensively assess Qin Guoming’s impact.

Results: Findings reveal that Qin Guoming’s efforts have significantly contributed to the sustainability of Guilin folk songs through systematic documentation, education, and innovation. His mentorship programs have trained over 10,000 students, ensuring the continuation of traditional singing techniques. Additionally, his integration of modern instrumentation and media outreach has expanded the audience for folk music, making it accessible to younger generations. His collaborations with cultural institutions have further institutionalized folk song preservation.

Conclusion: Qin Guoming’s work has transformed Guilin folk songs from fading traditions into vibrant cultural practices taught in schools, performed publicly, and preserved for future generations. His model shows that education, media outreach, and innovation can ensure the lasting vitality of traditional music.

Ambidextrous Learning and Employee Job Performance in the Context of Digital Transformation Pressure

Lin Jing — 2025-11-24

Abstract
Background and Aims: With the acceleration of digital transformation, organizations face increasing pressure that profoundly impacts employee performance. Particularly for non-technical roles, such as sales managers, adapting to technological changes introduces significant stress. Based on the Transactional Theory of Stress and the Ambidextrous Learning Theory, this research aims to explore how perceived digital transformation stress influences employee job performance through ambidextrous learning (exploratory and exploitative learning), while examining the moderating effect of competence perception.

Methodology: The study employs a quantitative research design using questionnaire surveys from 405 sales managers in digitally transforming enterprises. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test hypotheses regarding the relationships between digital transformation stress perception, ambidextrous learning behaviors, competence perception, and employee job performance.

Results: Findings indicate that employees' perceptions of digital transformation stress positively influence their ambidextrous learning behaviors. Specifically, higher stress perception drives employees toward both exploitative learning to optimize current skills and exploratory learning to embrace innovation. Ambidextrous learning significantly mediates the relationship between digital transformation stress perception and enhanced job performance. Additionally, competence perception significantly moderates the relationship between ambidextrous learning and job performance, with employees who perceive higher competence levels demonstrating greater resilience and improved outcomes.

Conclusion: Employees' perception of digital transformation stress critically shapes their learning behavior and job performance. Organizations should provide tailored training and psychological support to foster positive stress coping mechanisms, strengthen employees’ ambidextrous learning capabilities, and enhance competence perception, thereby ensuring sustained performance improvement during digital transformation.

Keywords: Digital transformation; Ambidextrous learning; Stress perception; Competence perception; Employee job performance

Assessment of Ice Cream Product Needs Aligning with Consumer Behavior in Thepleela Community

Chuthaphon Masantiah — 2025-11-24

Background and Aims: Assessing consumer demand for ice cream in the Thepleela community is essential for designing products that align with local preferences. This study integrates knowledge from the Bachelor of Arts in Home Economics program to inform product development and support academic service projects for community enhancement. The research aimed to (1) assess the demand for ice cream products in line with consumer behavior and (2) examine the nutritional value and preference rankings of various flavors.

Methodology: The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved a survey with 71 participants, including service providers and consumers, to assess product demand. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Phase 2 examined nutritional values and consumer preferences for different flavors among 212 participants. A structured recording form was used, and descriptive statistics were applied based on the time taken for each product to be fully consumed.

Results: Cookies and Cream emerged as the most preferred flavor, while the 4-ounce serving size received the highest rating. Cookies and Cream also ranked first in consumption rate, with 163 kilocalories and 14 grams of sugar per serving.

Conclusion: Cookies and Cream and Strawberry Sherbet were the top two preferred flavors. These findings suggest that future academic service initiatives in the Thepleela community should prioritize these flavors for ice cream production and distribution.

Guidelines for Development of Technology Leadership of School Administrators in the 21st Century, under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 1

Sasipa Pinchoothong — 2025-11-24

Background and Aims: The 21^stcentury is an era of rapid change, and educational administrators must develop technological leadership skills to adapt their management practices and align with the demands of the modern world. The objectives of this research are: 1) to study the current state and the desirable conditions of leadership of school administrators in the 21^st century under
the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 1 and 2) to study guidelines for developing technology leadership of school administrators in the 21^st century under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 1.

Methodology: The sample group was teachers under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1, a total of 357 people, were obtained by determining the sample size according to Cohen's ready-made table (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison (2018, p.206) at a statistical significance level of .05. The sample was selected using stratified sampling, simple random sampling, and proportionate sampling based on school size. The research tool was a 5-point rating scale questionnaire. It has a consistency index ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, and the overall reliability of the questionnaire was 0.985, and the interviews. The statistics used in the data analysis were mean, standard deviation, content analysis, and the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI _modified).

Results: The results of the research revealed that: (1) the current state of the leadership of school administrators in the 21^st century is at a high level overall, a desirable state. It is at the highest level overall. When considering the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI _modified) for each aspect, the development of support, management, and operations was found that the most necessary need. (2) Guidelines for developing the leadership of school administrators in the 21^st Century Under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1, there are a total of 6 approaches: (1) Study the context (2) Set goals (3) Develop skills (4) Create organizational culture (5) Find collaborative networks and (6) Supervise, monitor, and evaluate. All six approaches are crucial roles in enhancing the ability of administrators to effectively integrate technology into the management of educational institutions, thereby fostering technological leadership that aligns with the rapidly changing context of the modern world.

Conclusion: Guidelines for Developing Technology Leadership of School Administrators in the 21^st Century under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1 are a tool that helps administrators manage educational institutions effectively, and it is evident that the use of technology is a crucial factor in enhancing the quality of school management to align with the demands and changes of the 21^st century.

Factors Contributing to the Success of International Program Management at Suankularb Wittayalai Thonburi School

Watchara Baiyuzob — 2025-11-26

ackground and Aims: This research, titled Factors Contributing to the Success of International Program Management at Suankularb Wittayalai Thonburi School, aimed to (1) examine the level of success in international program management based on the perspectives of teachers at Suankularb Wittayalai Thonburi School, and (2) investigate the relationships between the success of program management and three key factors: school administrators, teaching staff, and school infrastructure.

Methodology: Quantitative research using a correlational method. The sample group comprised 123 government teachers and educational personnel from Suankularb Wittayalai Thonburi School. The sample size was determined using Krejcie & Morgan’s (1970) table at a significance level of 0.05. A simple random sampling method was employed to ensure representativeness. Data were collected using a 43-item questionnaire. Statistical tools used for data analysis included frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation (S.D.), and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Results: The results showed that the success level of international program management at Suankularb Wittayalai Thonburi School was high (Mean = 4.46, S.D. = 0.320). Among the contributing factors, school infrastructure ranked highest in mean score (Mean = 4.51, S.D. = 0.347), followed by school administrators (Mean = 4.42, S.D. = 0.383). All three factors—administrators, teaching staff, and school infrastructure—had statistically significant positive correlations with the success of international program management at the 0.01 level. The factor most strongly correlated with success was teaching staff (correlation coefficient = 0.924, Mean = 4.45), while the factor with the lowest correlation was school administrators (correlation coefficient = 0.866, Mean = 4.46).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that the success of international program management at Suankularb Wittayalai Thonburi School is at a high level. The most critical contributing factor is school infrastructure, reflecting strong resource readiness. This is followed by the role of school administrators in strategic policy formulation and leadership, and the teaching staff, whose involvement shows a very high correlation with program success. These results highlight the importance of integrated physical and human resource management for effective international program administration.

The Solar Cell Usage Direction of Local Government Organizations

Rinnatha Pakdeepiriyanon — 2025-11-26

Background Research Aims: Thailand has consistently supported solar energy use to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, which are costly and environmentally harmful. Promoting solar energy aligns with Thailand’s 13th National Economic and Social Development Plan, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and foster a low-carbon society. This study aims to examine the approaches to solar energy usage in Thailand, focusing on the role of local government agencies in promoting renewable energy. It also seeks to propose sustainable development strategies for long-term solar energy utilization.

Methodology: This research employed a descriptive approach, gathering data from academic sources, government reports, and statistics on solar energy use in Thailand. Content analysis was used to examine relevant policies and the role of local agencies in renewable energy promotion.

Results: The findings indicate that Thailand has made considerable progress in promoting solar energy, particularly with the installation of Solar Cells and Solar Rooftop systems in government institutions and local administrative offices. This not only helps reduce government energy costs but also fosters public confidence and acceptance of renewable energy. The use of Solar Rooftop systems in facilities like hospitals, schools, and community centers serves as a visible example, encouraging the public to recognize the benefits of solar energy and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, expanding solar energy use still faces challenges, including high installation costs and energy storage technologies, which remain expensive and require further development to enhance efficiency and system stability.

Conclusion: The study concludes that financial support and technological advancements are necessary to make solar energy more accessible to the general public. Policies such as low-interest loans and tax incentives for residential and small business Solar Rooftop installations are recommended. Additionally, energy storage technologies, such as cost-effective and efficient backup batteries, should be developed to ensure reliable use during periods without sunlight. Financial and technological support will play a crucial role in making solar energy use sustainable and accessible across all sectors, contributing to Thailand's long-term energy security.

The Effects of Learning Management with TGT Technique and GeoGebra on Mathematical Visualization Ability in Conic Sections of Grade 10 Students at Bang Lamung School in Chon Buri Province

Panuphan Malahom — 2025-11-26

Background and Aims: Mathematical visualization ability used to describe the process of producing or using geometrical or graphical representations of mathematical concepts, principles, or problems, whether hand-drawn or computer-generated, plays a central role in the cognitive processes of scientists and mathematicians. This research aimed to 1) compare the mathematical visualization ability on the topic of conic sections of Grade 10 students between the group taught using the TGT technique integrated with the GeoGebra application and the group taught using traditional mathematics instruction, and 2) compare the mathematical visualization ability on the topic of conic sections of Grade 10 students taught using the TGT technique integrated with the GeoGebra application with the criterion of 70%.

Methodology: Quasi-experimental research was used, with 2 sample groups consisting of grade 10 Students of Bang Lamung School in Chon Buri Province during the second semester of the academic year 2024. Two classrooms, each with 40 students, were obtained by cluster random sampling. The research instruments included 1) learning plans using the TGT technique integrated with the GeoGebra application on the topic of conic sections, comprising 18 plans of 50 minutes each, 2) traditional learning plans on the topic of conic sections, comprising 18 plans of 50 minutes each, and 3) a subjective test measuring mathematical visualization ability on the topic of conic sections. The statistical methods used for data analysis included mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and t-test.

Results: The research findings revealed that 1) Grade 10 students who were taught using the TGT technique integrated with the GeoGebra application demonstrated significantly higher mathematical visualization ability on the topic of conic sections than the group taught using traditional mathematics instruction at the.05 level of significance, and 2) Grade 10 students who were taught using the TGT technique integrated with the GeoGebra application demonstrated mathematical visualization ability on the topic of conic sections higher than the criterion of 70% with statistical significance at the.05 level.

Conclusion: Grade 10 students who were taught using the TGT technique integrated with the GeoGebra application demonstrated significantly higher mathematical visualization ability on the topic of conic sections than the group taught using traditional mathematics instruction.

Guidelines for Developing the Organizational Culture of Schools under the Bangkok

Nutsuda Suksinchai — 2025-11-26

Background and Aims: The organizational culture of educational institutions affiliated with Bangkok also faces the problem of conflicts of personnel in the organization that affect the development and management of education, which requires continuous improvement and growth in terms of personnel management so that personnel are ready to improve the quality of education and be able to respond effectively to the needs of today's society. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the organizational culture of educational institutions affiliated with the Bangkok Metropolitan Government to build personnel and foster good relationships within the organization, including by having management raise the level of education for students to the highest standards. This research is a Mixed Methods Research in which the researcher conducts research divided into 2 phases as follows: Phase 1. The objectives of the Quantitative Research are 1) to study the organizational culture of educational institutions affiliated to the Bangkok Metropolitan Government, and 2) to compare the organizational culture of educational institutions affiliated to Bangkok. Classified according to the size of the educational institution and its location. Phase 2: Guidelines for the development of the corporate culture of educational institutions affiliated to Bangkok from interviews with educational experts.

Methodology: The number of teachers affiliated with the Bangkok Metropolitan Government for the academic year 2023 was 13,597 people from a total of 437 schools. A sample of 370 people was selected from the pre-made table of Cohen, Manion, and Morrison (2011 and multi-stage random sampling, and then multiple sampling was performed in proportion to the sample size to obtain a representative sample of the population in the questionnaire.

Results: Phase 1: Study and comparison of the organizational culture of educational institutions affiliated to the Bangkok Metropolitan Government. Results of the comparison of organizational culture by size of educational institution and position. It was found that small educational institutions have a different view of organizational culture than medium-sized educational institutions, and medium-sized educational institutions have a different view of organizational culture. Phase 2: Guidelines for developing a corporate culture of educational institutions affiliated to the Bangkok Metropolitan Government. The survey was conducted in a structured manner based on the results of the research in Phase 1 from the two lowest average questions in each area, so that the experts could propose guidelines for the development of the organizational culture of the educational institutions affiliated to the Bangkok Metropolitan Government.

Conclusion: Corporate Culture of Educational Institutions Affiliated to the Bangkok Metropolitan Government. The overall picture is very high in all aspects, and when compared according to the size of the educational institution and position, it is found that teachers in different sizes of educational institutions have different views on organizational culture, overall and individual aspects. Medium-sized educational institutions have a higher organizational culture. Organizational Culture of Small Educational Institutions Statistically significant at .05. Teachers with different positions have views on organizational culture, overall and individual aspects, and the guidelines for developing the organizational culture of educational institutions affiliated to the Bangkok Metropolitan Government. The results of the research show the development of the organizational culture of educational institutions affiliated with the Bangkok Metropolitan Government. The guidelines are as follows: 1) Teamwork, 2) Professional work under the education policy from the government and the education policy from the Bangkok Metropolitan Office of Education.

Guidelines for Developing Ecotourism to Create Added Value for Thai Tourism

Nathatchaphong Chotpreecharat — 2025-11-26

Background and Aims: Tourism is a vital industry within Thailand's economy, generating substantial income and promoting local economic development. Ecotourism, which emphasizes environmental conservation and the preservation of local cultures, has grown increasingly popular in recent years. This trend has empowered local communities to play a significant role in the sustainable development and stewardship of their tourism destinations. This study aims to examine the role of ecotourism in fostering sustainable economic development in Thailand, to analyze growth trends and the factors driving ecotourism, and to propose strategies for developing and managing ecotourism to benefit local communities.

Methodology: The research employed a literature review analysis approach, drawing on academic publications, government reports, and statistical data to compile information on ecotourism in Thailand.

Result: The findings reveal that ecotourism plays a key role as a mechanism for driving sustainable local economic development, especially in rural areas rich in natural and cultural resources but otherwise economically limited. Ecotourism offers an effective pathway for income distribution within local communities, while also fostering awareness and appreciation for environmental conservation and cultural preservation. Through participation in ecotourism activities, tourists can engage in conservation efforts, cultivating respect for local resources. Additionally, local communities are essential in managing tourism destinations to prevent overuse of resources, which could lead to negative impacts in the long term.

Conclusion: Ecotourism in Thailand demonstrates significant potential for promoting multidimensional sustainable development across economic, social, and environmental aspects. Economically, ecotourism provides stable income and employment opportunities for local communities. Socially, it enhances community engagement and pride in local identity. Environmentally, ecotourism raises tourists’ awareness of the importance of preserving natural resources. Effective tourism management and community participation are essential for achieving long-term sustainability. Collaboration among government, private sectors, and local communities is crucial for creating efficient planning, such as controlling tourist volumes, establishing suitable infrastructure, and empowering communities to manage their own tourist sites sustainably. Coordinated efforts across these sectors will ensure the long-term growth of ecotourism, benefiting both local communities and the nation as a whole.

The Needs and Guidelines for Inclusive Education Management for Schools under the Singburi Primary Educational Service Area Office

Chonnikarn Chueapun — 2025-11-26

Background and Aims: Inclusive education monitoring has shown continuous implementation, but still faces several problems such as lack of specialized personnel, insufficient budget, teachers not understanding special needs students' behaviors, and unsuitable educational facilities. This research aims to: 1) study the needs assessment of inclusive education in Sing Buri Primary Educational Service Area, and 2) study appropriate guidelines for inclusive education suitable for the local context.

Methodology: The research was conducted in two parts. Part 1 studied a sample of 59 teachers responsible for inclusive education management, using checklist questionnaires, 5-level rating scales, and interviews. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, and priority needs index (PNI). Part 2 studied a sample consisting of one inclusive school director, one teacher responsible for inclusive education, and one special education expert, using structured interviews with qualitative descriptive analysis.

Results: Results revealed that current conditions were rated at a high level (\bar{X} = 3.85, S.D. = 0.94), while desirable conditions were also rated high (\bar{X} = 4.29, S.D. = 0.87). The overall Priority Needs Index (PNI_modified) was 0.11. When analyzed by aspect, the student aspect (PNI_modified= 0.12) ranked highest, followed by the tools aspect (PNI_modified= 0.12), teaching and activities aspect (PNI_modified= 0.11), and environment aspect (PNI_modified= 0.11), respectively. The study proposed the following guidelines for inclusive education management: For the student aspect, promote and restore essential life skills while encouraging family and community participation to develop sustainable life skills enabling future self-reliance. For the environmental aspect, ensure accessibility and convenience for all students, create safe and friendly learning atmospheres, and promote equal participation. For teaching and learning activities, provide training on understanding special needs students' behavior and promote teacher learning communities. For the tools aspect, systematically manage budgets for inclusive education and seek support and resources from communities and external agencies.

Conclusion: Inclusive education in Sing Buri province is at a good level, but still requires development, especially in the areas of students and tools. Development guidelines include promoting students' life skills and family participation, improving environments to support learning, training teachers about special needs students, and systematically allocating budgets while seeking external support to develop effective inclusive education. Research findings can be used in policy formulation for appropriate budget and resource allocation based on identified needs, particularly for teacher development in special education and creating sustainable support systems. Parent organizations should develop effective supervision systems and establish collaborative networks among successful model schools.

The Relationship between AI Application Skills and AI Ethical Awareness of Master’s Degree Students in the Educational Administration Program at an Autonomous University from the Academic Year 2023-2024

Kornruck Sinloyma — 2025-11-26

Background and Aims: Master’s degree students in the educational administration program, as future school administrators or educational executives, will be leaders in determining the direction of artificial intelligence technology in the education system. Understanding both skills and ethics is, therefore, extremely important. This study aimed to (1) study AI application skills and AI ethical awareness, (2) compare AI application skills and AI ethical awareness among genders, year levels, and disciplines, and (3) study the relationship between AI application skills and AI ethical awareness.

Methodology: The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data from the entire population of 119 people from the educational administration program at an autonomous university in the academic year 2023-2024. The IOC score was 0.67 - 1.00, and the reliability coefficient was 0.94. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentage, mean score, and standard deviation.

Results: (1) AI application skills score and AI ethical awareness were rated at a high level. (2) Male students’ AI application skills and female students’ AI ethical awareness were rated at high levels.
(3) The second-year students had a higher mean score in both AI application skills and AI ethical awareness than the first-year students. The scores of both groups were rated at a high level. (4) Health Education and Physical Education had a high mean score for AI application skills, and Thai Language had the highest mean score for AI ethical awareness.

Conclusion: The relationship between AI application skills and AI ethical awareness of master’s degree students in the educational administration program at an autonomous university from the academic year 2023-2024 showed a statistically significant positive correlation at the significance level of .01 (r = 0.66**).

The Relationship between Teachers' Competence in Using Artificial Intelligence and The Awareness of AI Ethics: A Case Study of a Famous School in Thailand

Chuthathip Chuakunchat — 2025-11-26

Background and Aims: The relationship between teachers' competence in using AI and their awareness of AI ethics was examined through a case study of a famous school in Thailand. The objectives of this research are: 1) to study the level of teachers' competence to use AI and their level of awareness of AI ethics; 2) to compare teachers' competence to use AI and their awareness of AI ethics; and 3) to investigate the relationship between teachers' competence to use AI and their awareness of AI ethics, based on the case study of the aforementioned school.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of 140 teachers from an extra-large-scale school in Bangkok, selected using the Krejcie and Morgan sampling table. The sampling process involved stratified sampling based on subject areas, followed by simple random sampling. The research instrument was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire designed to assess teachers’ perspectives on their competence to use artificial intelligence and their awareness of AI ethics. The instrument demonstrated a consistency index ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and a reliability coefficient of 0.962. Descriptive statistics, namely, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, reliability, and correlation coefficient, were employed for data analysis.

Results: The research results found that 1) The overall level of AI competence among teachers in the case study school was high. When examined by specific aspects, all were also at a high level, ranked from highest to lowest mean scores as follows: application ability, attribute, knowledge, and skills. Similarly, teachers’ overall awareness of AI ethics was at a high level. When considered by aspect, privacy ranked the highest, followed by human oversight and human agency, both at high levels. Equality, fairness, and non-discrimination recorded the lowest average, though still at a high level. 2) The comparison results based on personal background factors indicated that teachers who did not specify their gender, those belonging to Generation Z, and those in the student development activity group exhibited the highest average levels of AI competence and AI ethics awareness. 3) The analysis of the relationship between teachers’ AI competence and their awareness of AI ethics showed a very strong positive correlation.

Conclusion: In the case study of the school, the relationship between teachers' AI competence and AI ethics awareness was found to be influenced by different personal statuses. Teachers in the school had a high level of competence in all aspects, where the application ability aspect having the highest average among all. Moreover, the teachers demonstrated a high level of awareness in AI ethics across all aspects, with the privacy aspect ranking the highest. It was also found that teachers' AI competence and AI ethics awareness had a considerable, correlative relationship, where teachers' AI competence in the application ability aspect, and AI ethics awareness in the aspect of transparency and explainability were observed. This shows that teachers who have good AI application competency tend to be more aware of the reliability of data and the auditing to ensure correct and fair use. In this regard, the education system can employ the research findings to further manage educational institutions and develop educational personnel to be well-prepared, ready digital citizens.

The Effects of Imagery Combined with Relaxation Music on The Accuracy of Forehand and Backhand Serves in Male Table Tennis Athletes

Kiattiwat Watchayakarn — 2025-11-26

Background and aim: Training serving skills in table tennis requires both physical techniques and mental control, which are crucial for performance. Psychological training, such as imagery techniques, enhances focus and confidence, improving serving accuracy (Cumming & Williams, 2012). Listening to relaxing music also reduces stress and promotes concentration during training and competition (Lehrer et al., 2000). Integrating physical and mental training strengthens serving performance. Imagery and relaxing music help reduce stress and boost confidence, enhancing accuracy under pressure. Athletes who combine both methods show improved focus and serving precision. This study aims to compare the forehand and backhand serving accuracy of participants before and after undergoing imagery training with relaxing music.

Methodology: This research aims to study and compare the effects of imagery combined with relaxing music on the accuracy of forehand and backhand serves in male table tennis athletes aged 18-22 years from the National Sports University, Udonthani Campus. A total of 12 participants were selected through purposive sampling. The participants underwent an 8-week training program, with 3 sessions per week, each lasting 12 minutes. The tools used for data collection included a training program for relaxation imagery combined with relaxing music and a test measuring the accuracy of forehand and backhand serves in table tennis. Paired sample t-test statistics were used for analysis.

Results: The results showed that the mean accuracy of forehand and backhand serves within the experimental group before and after the training significantly differed at the .05 level. It can be concluded that the 8-week training program of relaxation imagery combined with relaxing music led to improved accuracy in both forehand and backhand serves.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the participants who engaged in imagery training combined with relaxing music for a period of 8 weeks demonstrated a significant improvement in the accuracy of both forehand and backhand serves.

Relationship Between Empowering Leadership of School Administrators and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Teachers in Schools under the Office of Chachoengsao Primary Education Service Area Office 2

Siriphon Angruangrattana — 2025-11-27

Background and Objectives: Empowering Leadership of School Administrators and Teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior. School administrators must possess leadership qualities, broad vision, flexibility, creativity, and readiness for change. This is because school administrators are required to be empowered individuals who also empower their staff, teams, and the organization. Empowerment is a process of creating a synergistic paradigm, fostering relationships among individuals, facilitating the exchange of information, opinions, and feelings, and promoting collaborative learning and resource utilization. It is essentially a process of mutual support, assistance, and shared benefit. This research aims to examine the relationship between the empowering leadership of school administrators and teachers' organizational citizenship behavior.

The study focuses on analyzing how school administrators' empowering leadership, which includes professional development and capacity building, teamwork, participatory decision-making, and knowledge sharing, influences teachers' organizational citizenship behavior. This behavior encompasses aspects such as conscientiousness, helping behavior, cooperation, consideration for others, and tolerance.

Methodology: The sample comprised 310 teachers under Chachoengsao Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a 5-point rating scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results: The findings revealed that: 1) the overall empowering leadership of school administrators was at a high level; 2) the overall organizational citizenship behavior of teachers was at a high level; and 3) a moderate positive correlation existed between school administrators' empowering leadership and teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, with statistical significance at the .01 level.

Conclusion: The study of the relationship between school administrators' empowering leadership and teachers' organizational citizenship behavior yielded three key findings: 1) both overall and individual aspects of school administrators' empowering leadership were at a high level, with teamwork exhibiting the highest mean, followed by knowledge sharing, while professional development and potential promotion had the lowest means; 2) both overall and individual aspects of teachers' organizational citizenship behavior were at a high level, with consideration for others exhibiting the highest mean, followed by cooperation, while helping behavior had the lowest mean; and 3) a moderate positive correlation was found between school administrators' empowering leadership and teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, with advancement, recognition, and work characteristics being the strongest correlating indicators.

Guidelines for Enhancing of Work Motivation of Personnel in Mahasarakharm Special Education Center

Suthat Phonbhaipan — 2025-11-27

Background and Aims: Motivation influences performance and is a key factor in achieving success at work. The level of success depends on the motivation to work. This research aims to: 1) study the current conditions, the desired conditions, and the needs for motivation in the work performance of personnel at the Mahasarakham Provincial Special Education Center; and 2) explore ways to enhance the motivation of the personnel at the Mahasarakham Provincial Special Education Center.

Methodology: The research was divided into two phases. Phase 1 involved studying current conditions, desired conditions, and personnel's needs for work motivation at the Mahasarakham Provincial Special Education Center. The sample group consisted of 90 people, including teachers and staff from the center. The research tools used were questionnaires, and the statistics applied were frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Phase 2 focused on studying ways to enhance work motivation through interviews with experts, including administrators from the Primary Education Service Area Office, education supervisors, school administrators, and teachers. The data from the interviews were analyzed and interpreted, with the findings presented descriptively.

Results: (1) The current level of work motivation among personnel at the Mahasarakham Provincial Special Education Center was found to be high overall; (2) The desired level of work motivation was found to be very high. The study identified ways to enhance work motivation in five key areas based on interviews with nine experts: achievement, career advancement, recognition, responsibility, and job characteristics.

Conclusion: The research indicates that administrators support teachers and staff in performing their duties with dedication, patience, diligence, honesty, sacrifice, punctuality, and attention to assigned tasks and responsibilities. Administrators plan and execute their tasks with dedication and work efficiency. Teachers and staff are trusted by administrators for their knowledge and abilities and are recognized by administrators, colleagues, and the community. The tasks assigned to teachers and staff help to enhance learning experiences, foster creativity, and increase expertise. Teachers and staff take pride in their profession and feel a sense of job security.

The Impact of China's Belt and Road Initiative on the Value Chain Division of Labor Position (GVCP) in Participating Countries

Yunti He — 2025-11-27

Background and Aim: This study examines the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on the value chain division of labor in participating countries. Through this study, we aim to objectively assess whether the Belt and Road Initiative can promote "inclusive economic growth" and make the division of labor in the value chain more equitable. Additionally, we provide policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the BRI and offer new perspectives and insights for understanding changes in the global economic landscape.

Materials and Methods: This paper primarily uses the DID model and panel regression model as statistical tools. The core of the DID model lies in using two "differences" to estimate the effect of an intervention. In this paper, participation in the co-construction of the Belt and Road Initiative serves as the key policy variable in the DID model. This difference has a significant impact on the degree of value chain participation. Given the relationship between the two and the suitability of the DID model, this paper adopts the DID model as a statistical tool. When estimating the DID model, the panel regression model is employed. This model can more accurately estimate the relationships between variables, control for individual and time-fixed effects, reduce estimation errors, and improve model accuracy. This study obtains panel data from the World Bank database for 45 Belt and Road countries from 2009 to 2022, resulting in a total of 840 samples for analysis.

Results: Through data analysis and interpretation within the framework of the "smile curve," this study finds that the Belt and Road Initiative has a significant positive impact on the value chain position of Central and Eastern European countries, Southwestern and Northern European countries, moderately and less industrialized countries, low-GDP countries. However, it has no significant impact or even a suppressive effect on Southeast Asian countries, highly industrialized countries, middle- and high-GDP countries. This may be because these countries have already occupied high-value positions in the global value chain.

Conclusion: Since China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, this grand vision has not only profoundly reshaped China’s opening-up landscape but also created unprecedented development opportunities for participating countries. Countries that have joined the BRI have generally experienced an improvement in their position within the global value chain. This conclusion is supported by data from multiple dimensions, including increased trade flows, expanded foreign investment inflows, deepened technological cooperation, and enhanced infrastructure connectivity. These changes have not only facilitated the optimization and upgrading of participating countries' industrial structures but also strengthened their integration into the global value chain and increased their influence, promoting a fair advancement of the value chain.

The Model of Internal Supervision Development for School Administrators Under the Maha Sarakham Secondary Educational Area Office

Mingkawn Nongkunsan — 2025-11-27

Background and Aims: The development of internal supervision for school administrators is crucial for elevating the quality of education. It is a process that empowers administrators to effectively promote and enhance the capabilities of school personnel, leading to continuous improvements in student learning. Therefore, this research aims to: 1) Study the components and indicators of internal supervision for school administrators. 2) Study the current state, desired state, and needs assessment of internal supervision for school administrators. 3) Develop a model for the internal supervision development for school administrators. 4) Analyze the results of implementing the internal supervision development model for school administrators.

Methodology: The research was divided into four phases: Phase 1: Study the components and indicators of internal supervision for school administrators. The key informant group, consisting of 9 individuals, was selected through purposive sampling from experts in educational supervision, education, and educational management. Phase 2: Study the current state, desired state, and necessary needs for internal supervision for school administrators. The sample group consists of 354 school administrators and teachers, selected using stratified random sampling. The research instrument is a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.87. Data analysis includes calculating the mean and standard deviation. Phase 3: Develop a model for improving internal supervision for school administrators. The key informants are 5 experts, including education administrators, school administrators, and educational supervisors with best practices in educational supervision, to study best practices in internal supervision by school administrators. Additionally, 9 experts, selected purposively from academics, policy-makers, and practitioners involved in internal supervision, will verify the model through an expert seminar. Phase 4: Study the outcomes of implementing the model for improving internal supervision for school administrators. The target group consists of 11 school administrators from the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, MahaSarakham, who voluntarily participate in the development according to the model.

Results: 1. The components and indicators of internal supervision of school administrators consisted of 4 components, including Planning for Supervision (7 indicators), Implementation of Supervision (5 indicators), Coordination and Monitoring of Supervision (3 indicators), and Evaluation of Supervision (8 indicators). 2. The overall current condition is at a high average level. The overall desirable condition was at the highest mean level. The needs assessment was ranked from highest to lowest as follows: 1) good citizenship, 2) justice, 3) responsibility 4) respect. 1) Planning for Supervision 2) Coordination and Monitoring of Supervision 3) Implementation of Supervision 4) Evaluation of Supervision 3. A development model typically consists of the following components: Principles, Objectives, Content, Development Process, Media, Materials, Learning Resources, and Evaluation. The development consists of four modules: Module 1: Planning for Supervision, Module 2: Implementation of Supervision, Module 3: Coordination and Monitoring of Supervision, and Module 4: Evaluation of Supervision. The overall evaluation of the model's suitability, feasibility, and usefulness has been rated as highest.

Conclusion: Internal supervision by school administrators consists of four main components: planning, implementation of supervision, coordination and monitoring, and evaluation. It uses 23 indicators to assess performance in each area. The needs assessment revealed that while administrators perform well overall, there are areas that still require development. The highest priority for improvement is in planning for supervision and coordination, and monitoring. The model for developing internal supervision by school administrators should include principles, objectives, content, development processes, learning materials, and evaluation. The content is divided into four modules based on the main components of supervision. The results of implementing the development model show that participating administrators improved their supervisory skills from a low to a high level, and expressed the highest level of satisfaction with the model.

The Study of Status, Needs Assessment, and Guidelines for the Development of Basic Educational Standards of Schools under Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Thanawan Pholkhun — 2025-11-27

Background and Aims: The development of operations according to basic education standards ensures that teaching methods and learning outcomes are consistent, measurable, and aligned with national educational goals. It promotes quality education and equal learning opportunities for all students. This research aims to 1) study the current condition and desirable condition of basic educational standards of schools. 2) Study the needs assessment of basic educational standards of schools. 3) Study the Guidelines for Developing Basic Educational Standards of Schools.

Methodology: This research is divided into 2 phases as follows: Phase 1, the study of the current condition, and the desirable condition needs assessment of basic educational standards of schools. The sample used in this research includes school administrators and teachers in schools. Under Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, academic year 2024, a total of 297 people were obtained using disproportionate stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire on the current condition and desirable condition of basic educational standards of schools. With reliability values equal to 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, and standard deviations. Modified Priority Needs Index; PNI_modified. And Phase 2, study the Guidelines for Developing Basic Educational Standards of Schools. The group of 9 experts who provided information was obtained through purposive selection. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: The research results found that 1) the current condition and desirable condition of basic educational standards of schools are overall at a high level. 2) The value of the Prioritization Index of Needs (PNI_Modified) of basic educational standards of schools, ranked from highest to lowest, is: Standard 1, the quality of learners; followed by Standard 3, the learning and teaching process that focuses on learners; and Standard 2, the management and administration process, respectively. 3) The Guidelines for Developing Basic Educational Standards of Schools involved three aspects: 1) Standard 1: Quality of learners: There should be inspiration for learning for students, organizing camp activities or training workshops for students in developing the use of information and communication technology for students. Encourage students to participate in various community activities and organize a morality and ethics camp every year. 2) Standard 2: Management and administration processes should use the results from the professional learning community to develop students' work and learning, and there should be continuous systematic supervision and monitoring of work performance and teaching and 3) Standard 3: The learning management process that focuses on learners should encourage teachers to design learning management plans that focus on learners and encourage teachers to receive training in the use of media and technology and create media to use in managing learning for learners.

Needs Assessment for the Development of School Principals' Roles in Promoting the Teaching of the Chinese Language in Schools under the Samut Prakan Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Thasanaporn Ranthong — 2025-11-27

Background and Aims: Although teachers have a direct role in teaching, school principals have an important role in supporting and promoting aspects that teachers cannot implement on their own, such as budget allocation, establishing cooperative networks with external organizations, formulating policies that facilitate the development of Chinese language teaching, or providing necessary resources and facilities. Therefore, needs assessment helps identify the gaps between the current conditions and what should ideally be. Therefore, this research aims to 1) study the current and desired conditions of the development of school principals' roles in promoting the teaching of the Chinese language in schools under the Samut Prakan secondary educational service area office. 2) Prioritize the needs of the development of school principals' roles in promoting the teaching of the Chinese language in schools under the Samut Prakan secondary educational service area office.

Methodology: This research was conducted with a population of 79 Chinese language teachers in schools under the Samut Prakan secondary educational service area office for the 2024 academic year. The research instrument was a needs assessment questionnaire using a 5-level rating scale. The statistics used for data analysis included percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the Necessary Priority Index (PNI_modified)

Results: The results of the research were as follows. 1) The current conditions of the development of school principals' roles in promoting the teaching of the Chinese language in schools were rated moderate overall (μ = 3.49, σ = 0.71), while the desired conditions received a high rating
(μ = 4.18, σ = 0.55), 2) Prioritize the needs of the development of school principals' roles in promoting the teaching of Chinese language in schools, ranked from highest to lowest, including: teaching and learning activities (PNI_modified = 0.25), teaching media utilization (PNI_modified = 0.21), curriculum development (PNI_modified = 0.18), and assessment and evaluation (PNI_modified = 0.15).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that when comparing the current conditions and desired conditions of the development of school principals' roles in promoting the teaching of the Chinese language in schools under the Samut Prakan secondary educational service area office, it was found that the desired conditions of school principals' roles in all aspects had higher average values than the current conditions. This indicates the need for developing school principals' roles. The highest priority is in the area of teaching and learning activities, especially where school principals promote improvements in Chinese language teaching efficiency by emphasizing conversations with native speakers. The second priority is for school principals to support the continuous development of teachers' Chinese language skills, and school principals promoting the integration of Chinese language activities with other subjects. However, school principals still need to continue developing themselves in various aspects for effective educational administration.

A Series of Art Activities Based on Davies’s Instructional Model to Enhance Digital Art Drawing Skills

Boonyarit Jaroensalung — 2025-11-27

Background and Aims: Creating artwork through the integration of technology into class activities is a means of developing learners' coherence into the 21st-century skills, including the enhancement of creative thinking abilities that can be applied in everyday life. Therefore, this research aims to: 1) study the current and desirable conditions of digital art drawing skills of prathomsuksa 4 students enrolled in the additional art subject at Ramkhamhaeng University Demonstration School (Bangna Campus), 2) develop a series of Art activities based on Dewey's instructional model to enhance digital art drawing skills for prathomsuksa 4 students enrolled in the additional art subject at Ramkhamhaeng University Demonstration School (Bangna Campus), and 3) try out a series of Art activities based on Dewey's instructional model to enhance digital art drawing skills of prathomsuksa 4 students enrolled in the additional art subject at Ramkhamhaeng University Demonstration School (Bangna Campus).

Methodology: The sample group used in the research was 20 students in Prathom Suksa 4 who enrolled in the additional art subject at Ramkhamhaeng University Demonstration School (Bangna Campus). The sample group was obtained by using purposive sampling. These students expressed a desire to develop digital art drawing skills. The research instruments included a Priority Needs Index (PNI) questionnaire, a series of art activities based on Dewey's instructional model to enhance digital art drawing skills, a pretest–posttest design, a scoring rubric of digital art skills, and a scoring rubric of creative thinking ability based on Guilford’s theory designed by the researcher.

Results: From the study of utilizing the art activities based on Dewey's instructional model to enhance digital art drawing skills, the results were as follows: 1) The PNI questionnaire showed that the average score for the current condition was 2.39, whereas the average score for the desirable condition was 4.11. 2) A series of art activities based on Dewey's instructional model to enhance the digital art drawing skills of Prathom Suksa 4 students at Ramkhamhaeng University Demonstration School (Bangna Campus) achieved an average score of 4.87, which is considered an excellent level. 3) The participants’ average pretest score was 18.40 (S.D. = 2.77), while the average posttest score after participating increased to 35.50 (S.D. = 3.28). The comparison indicated that the average posttest score was higher than the pretest score.

Conclusion: 1) The PNI questionnaire showed that the average score for the desirable condition was 4.11, whereas the average score for the current condition was 2.39. 2) A series of art activities based on Dewey's instructional model achieved an average score of 4.87, which is considered an excellent level. 3) The average pretest score was 18.40 (S.D. = 2.77), and the posttest score was 35.50 (S.D. = 3.28). The difference between the pretest–posttest scores was statistically significant at the .05 level; it was found that the posttest scores were significantly higher than the pretest scores.

The Effect of Managerial Ownership on the Relationship between Disclosure of Key Audit Matters and Stock Returns of Listed Companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand

Wirawan Noramart — 2025-11-27

Background and Aims: The presentation of key audit matters is a tool for communicating information that is useful for the decision-making of financial statement users. The objectives are
1) to study the relationship between the disclosure of key audit matters and the return on securities of companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand, and 2) to study the effect of executive shareholding on the relationship between the disclosure of key audit matters and the return on securities of companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand.

Methodology: The research utilized secondary data collected from the annual information statement in the SETSMART database in 2021-2023, totaling 633 companies of listed companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The statistics used in the research were descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.

Results: The disclosure of material matters in the presentation of material matters in the audit has a positive relationship with the return on securities in the aspect of the price to earnings ratio at a statistical significance level of 0.05. The joint effect between the managerial ownership and the disclosure of material matters in the aspect of the number of material matters in the audit has a positive relationship with the return on securities in the aspect of the price to book value ratio at a statistical significance level of 0.05.

Conclusion: Disclosure of key audit matters in terms of the presentation format of key audit matters and the number of key audit matters reflects the responsibility of the auditor and management for transparency and clear, concise reporting of information, which positively affects the valuation of the company and increases the stock returns

Distributed Leadership of Administrators Affecting Teachers' Self-Efficacy in Songsermsamakkee Consortium under the Primary Education Service Area Office, Samutsakhon

Somsupat Parawat — 2025-11-27

Background and Aims: One of the most important factors influencing teachers' self-efficacy is distributed leadership, which refers to school administrators' role in providing opportunities for teachers to participate in decision-making and problem-solving processes within the school (Spillane, 2006). This concept of distributed leadership has become widely popular in modern education systems, as it fosters a sense of ownership and enhances collaboration between administrators and teachers. Such collaboration is a key factor in significantly increasing teachers' self-efficacy. This research aims to examine the levels of distributed leadership among school administrators and teachers' self-efficacy and to investigate the influence of distributed leadership on teachers' self-efficacy.

Methodology: Quantitative methods were employed through survey research involving teachers from the Samut Sakhon Education Service Area, totaling 103 participants selected using Krejcie and Morgan's sampling table.

Results: The research results revealed that distributed leadership among administrators was at a moderate level, with the shared vision component scoring the lowest average. Similarly, teachers’ self-efficacy was also at a moderate level, with the lowest average in the area of instructional confidence and student development. The strongest positive relationship was found between distributed leadership in the shared vision component and teachers’ self-efficacy in classroom management, with a statistically significant correlation at the 0.01 level (r = 0.583). Furthermore, the analysis indicated that distributed leadership among administrators significantly influenced teachers’ self-efficacy (r = 0.538). The linear regression analysis showed that distributed leadership could explain 29% of the variance in teachers’ self-efficacy, reflecting a moderate level of influence.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, school administrators should promote teacher participation in key decision-making processes, such as planning, instructional management, and resource allocation. Professional development programs should be organized to enhance administrators’ capacity for distributed leadership practices, thereby fostering a leadership approach that effectively supports teamwork among teachers. These initiatives could help strengthen the positive relationship between distributed leadership and teachers’ self-efficacy, ultimately improving educational outcomes.

Development of a Mathematics Competency Test for First-year Vocational Certificate Students

Fajira Piyasinee — 2025-11-27

Background and Aims: Assessing students’ mathematical competencies is essential for understanding learning outcomes and guiding effective instructional planning. This study aimed to (1) develop and validate a mathematics competency assessment tool, and (2) establish local norms for first-year vocational certificate students.

Methodology: The sample comprised 451 first-year vocational certificate students from six colleges in Phitsanulok Province, selected through cluster random sampling based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table. The assessment consisted of 20 open-ended items across three domains: problem-solving and reasoning, mathematical application, and interpretation and evaluation. The tool was evaluated for content validity, item difficulty, discrimination, and internal consistency.

Results: (1) The mathematical competency assessment instrument demonstrated high quality, with content validity ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and item difficulty values ranging from 0.56 to 0.87. (2) The item discrimination indices ranged from 0.07 to 0.80, and the reliability coefficient was 0.952. (3) The average scores based on the local norms assessment ranged from 34 to 74 points.

Conclusion: The developed assessment tool is suitable for evaluating mathematical competencies in vocational education. It supports instructional design, competency-based learning, and readiness assessment for fieldwork and vocational training programs.

Risk Assessment in Budget Management of Triam Udom Suksa Schools

Krittanat Ngarmnarongchai — 2025-11-27

Background and Aims: Budget management is a crucial mission for educational institutions under the decentralized education system, especially for Triam Udom Suksa School, a leading institution facing increasingly complex challenges in budget management, including limited resource allocation and rising expenses. This research aimed to (1) identify risks in budget management in schools and (2) assess risk levels in the budget management of Triam Udom Suksa School.

Methodology: This research employed a qualitative research methodology using in-depth interviews with 7 key informants who were administrators and department heads involved in budget management at Triam Udom Suksa School. The participants were selected through a purposive selection method. The data were analyzed using content analysis and risk assessment.

Results: The research findings revealed that the risks in budget management at Triam Udom Suksa School could be categorized into four aspects: (1) Strategic Risk: Extremely high-risk issues included risks from lack of stakeholder participation in budget planning (17.14). High-risk issues included risks from inadequate analysis of the budget management environment (16.43) and risks from lack of monitoring and evaluation of budget spending according to plans (16.00). Medium-risk issues included risks from setting goals and indicators inconsistent with the school's strategic plan (9.43) and risks from budget plans inconsistent with the school's educational quality development plan (8.57). Low-risk issues included risks from budget management policies inconsistent with parent organization policies and current budget management situations (5.57).

(2) Operational Risk: Extremely high-risk issues included risks from improper workforce planning and task assignment (17.14). High-risk issues included risks from a lack of supervision, monitoring, and motivation systems in operations (14.86). Medium-risk issues included risks from unclear management structure and scope of work (10.71), risks from lack of personnel development according to workload (10.86), risks from lack of operational calendar preparation and communication to personnel (9.86), and risks from unfavorable work environment and facilities (6.57). Low-risk issues included risks from a shortage of materials, equipment, and operational resources (5.86). (3) Financial Risk: Extremely high-risk issues included risks from the outdated asset registry and inventory verification (17.14). High-risk issues included risks from inaccurate and outdated financial and accounting systems (15.93), risks from insufficient and inappropriate budget allocation for projects and activities (13.79), risks from a lack of a financial risk management system (13.29), and risks from a lack of monitoring, auditing, and evaluation of budget utilization (13.29). Medium-risk issues included risks from budget spending not following plans and allocated amounts (8.93). (4) Compliance Risk: High-risk issues included risks from a lack of performance evaluation based on laws and regulations for improvement (13.79) and risks from a lack of collection and dissemination of relevant laws, regulations, and requirements (12.71). Medium-risk issues included risks from a lack of supervision to ensure operations comply with laws and regulations (10.33), risks from procurement not following procurement regulations (10.33), and risks from operations not complying with laws, regulations, and requirements (9.86). Low-risk issues included risks from budget spending not by objectives and specified regulations (5.86).

Conclusion: Budget management at Triam Udom Suksa School has significant risks that require urgent attention, especially the three extremely high-risk issues: risks from lack of stakeholder participation in budget planning, risks from improper workforce planning and task assignment, and risks from outdated asset registry and inventory verification. The school should develop a systematic risk management system for budget administration to ensure transparency, efficiency, and maximum benefit for educational quality development.

Green Marketing Factors Influencing Thai Consumers' Behavior in Choosing Logistics Services

Chalita Thriyawanich — 2025-11-27

Background and Aims: The transportation and logistics industry is one of Thailand's major sources of greenhouse gas emissions, releasing up to 80 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO₂) annually, accounting for 26% of the country's total greenhouse gas emissions. Applying green marketing and green logistics concepts is therefore a key strategy for reducing environmental impact and creating a competitive advantage. However, the adoption rate of green logistics services in Thailand remains low due to increased costs, unclear government support policies, and consumers' lack of understanding about the environmental impacts of the transportation sector. This research aims to 1) analyze green marketing factors influencing Thai consumers' behavior in choosing logistics services, 2) study the relationship between green marketing factors and consumer satisfaction levels, and 3) suggest guidelines for developing marketing strategies for logistics businesses in alignment with green logistics concepts.

Methodology: This quantitative research used questionnaires to collect data from 450 Thai consumers who had used logistics services in the past year, employing multi-stage sampling. The research instrument was validated for content validity by three experts, yielding an Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) index of 0.67, with an overall reliability of 0.89. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: (1) All four green marketing factors - green product, green place, green price, and green promotion - positively influenced Thai consumers' behavior in choosing logistics services with statistical significance, explaining 54.9% of the variance. (2) All green marketing factors showed positive correlations with consumer satisfaction, with the green product having the highest correlation (r = 0.643). (3) Consumers rated the importance of green marketing factors at a high level, with green product being the most important (Mean = 3.84), followed by green place (Mean = 3.70), green price (Mean = 3.65), and green promotion (Mean = 3.58). Therefore, it is recommended that logistics businesses develop green marketing strategies in all areas, especially in product and place aspects, which have the highest influence on and relationship with consumer behavior.

Conclusion: Logistics businesses should develop green marketing strategies in all areas, especially in product and place aspects, which have the highest influence on and relationship with consumer behavior. Investing in clean energy, environmentally friendly packaging, low-emission transport systems, and efficient route planning are key factors that will help create a competitive advantage and long-term sustainability.

The Effectiveness of Integrating Teaching and Learning in the Bachelor of Arts Program in Home Economics with Academic Service Projects for Community and Society at Ramkhamhaeng University

Nathasar Punbua — 2025-11-28

Background and Aims: The Faculty of Education at Ramkhamhaeng University promotes academic services through the project “EDU for All: Education for Community and Lifelong Learning,” aiming to enhance the integration of teaching and learning management. This study aimed to (1) assess the quality of input factors, processes, and the effectiveness of integration in the Bachelor of Arts program in Home Economics in collaboration with the academic service project and (2) construct a predictive equation for integration effectiveness.

Methodology: This study included 54 participants involved in the academic service project, who were selected through stratified random sampling. The sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1.9.4, with an effect size of 0.25, a significance level of .05, a power of 0.95, and four predictors. Data was collected using a 20-item, five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression analysis were employed.

Results: Findings revealed that the quality of input factors and processes was at a very high level (M = 4.74, SD = 0.441), as was the overall effectiveness (M = 4.73, SD = 0.543). The most significant predictors of integration effectiveness were management processes (X₄), instructional activity processes (X₃), and instructor input factors (X₁). The predictive equations were:

Regression equation in raw scores: \widehat{Y} = 0.280 + 0.448 (X₄) + 0.326 (X₃) + 0.166 (X₁)

Regression equation in standardized scores: \widehat{Z} = 0.448 (X₄) + 0.330 (X₃) + 0.221 (X₁)

Conclusion: These variables should be prioritized when integrating academic service with teaching and learning to maximize program effectiveness.

Appropriate Cannabis Measures in the Academy: A Case Study of Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University

Danainut Jirawattanasomkul — 2025-11-28

Background and Aims: The cannabis measures announced by the Ministry of University Education, Science, Research, and Innovation were not implemented at Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University. As a result, several students remained unaware of the measures. The research aims to: (1) Study legal measures that control the use of Cannabis in educational institutions. (2) Study the context and appropriateness of Cannabis in Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University. (3)To develop a model of appropriate measures for Cannabis use in Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University.

Methodology: The study employed a mixed-methods research design, including focus groups with 20 participants from stakeholder groups (students, teachers, staff, and police), in-depth interviews with 20 individuals (university administrators, lecturers, students, and staff), and qualitative research through documentary analysis. 400 students completed questionnaires for the quantitative study, which was based on the Yamane Taro theory and had a 0.05 standard deviation. Together with results from the surveys, qualitative data were described and quantitatively evaluated using percentages to illustrate the relative importance of each issue.

Results: The research's findings are as follows: (1) The Ministry of Public Health issued an announcement regarding controlled herbs (cannabis) B.E. 2565 because the draft Cannabis and Hemp Act is still not enforceable. This prompted announcements from the Ministry of University Education, Science, Research, and Innovation, and the Ministry of Education on the topic of Guidelines regarding Cannabis or hemp. (2) Some students are still not aware of the MOE's declaration, and the research population believes that universities should have policies that forbid the use of cannabis but allow its usage for research and offer education to educate the public about it. (3) The Ministry's declaration to declare the campus a cannabis-free zone and to teach staff, except for cannabis use in research, is in line with Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University's appropriate notification.

Conclusion: The study suggests that the law department at Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University should consider making announcements for the Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University community and presenting to the university council. After that, the institution starts a vigorous public relations campaign about cannabis or hemp. To educate staff and students on the use of hemp or cannabis, every department, institution, and faculty sets up training.

The Relationship Between Strategic Leadership of School Administrators and High-performance Organization of Schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 2

Nuntharika Yookhong — 2025-11-28

Background and Aims: The modern world is experiencing rapid changes driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and the advancement of digital technologies, prompting schools to transform into high-performance organizations (HPOs) with efficient management systems and a strong emphasis on personnel development. In this context, strategic leadership among school administrators plays a vital role in guiding organizations in line with national education strategies. The objectives of this study were: 1) to examine the level of strategic leadership among school administrators. 2) to examine the level of high-performance organization status in schools. and 3) to investigate the relationship between strategic leadership and high-performance organization status in schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 2.

Methodology: This quantitative study involved a sample of 361 teachers selected from a population of teachers working in OBECQA-awarded schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 2, using stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire with a reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.988. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient.

Results: The results revealed that: 1) the overall level of strategic leadership among school administrators was high (𝑥̄ = 4.14), with the identification of core competencies being the highest-rated dimension, and the evaluation of anticipated strategic outcomes being the lowest. 2) The overall level of high-performance organization status was also high (𝑥̄ = 4.11), with open communication among personnel rated highest, and power sharing and participation rated lowest. 3) There was a very high positive correlation between strategic leadership and high-performance organization status, which was statistically significant at the .001 level (r = .882, p < .001).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that the strategic leadership of school administrators and the high-performance organization status of schools are both at a high level. Strategic leadership, particularly in defining core competencies, plays a significant role in driving schools toward excellence. The strong positive correlation confirms that strategic leadership is a key factor in enhancing organizational performance in the educational context.

The Reality and Expectations of Teachers in Witthayaprakarn Consortium under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Samut Prakan, towards The Academic Role of Educational Supervisors

Watsapon Wongtee — 2025-11-28

Background and Aims: The educational supervision process is considered a key element in monitoring, following up, and promoting the quality of educational management to meet established goals. Educational supervisors, as educational professionals, serve as academic resources for teachers and educational institutions. The academic role of educational supervisors is therefore vital to educational quality development, whether in instructional supervision, curriculum development, educational research, promotion of educational media and technology use, or educational measurement and evaluation. This research aimed to: 1. Study the reality and expectations of teachers in Witthayaprakarn Consortium under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Samut Prakan towards the academic role of educational supervisors, 2. Assess the needs and prioritize the importance of developing the academic role of educational supervisors in the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Samut Prakan.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 234 teachers from the Witthayaprakarn Consortium under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Samut Prakan for the academic year 2024, selected from the population using Krejcie & Morgan's table (1970) through proportional sampling based on the number of teachers in each school. The research instrument was a questionnaire about the academic role of educational supervisors in 5 components: instructional supervision, curriculum development, educational research, promotion of educational media and technology use, and educational measurement and evaluation. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the Priority Needs Index.

Results: The research found that the overall reality was at a high level (𝑥̄ = 3.64), with educational measurement and evaluation having the highest mean and educational research having the lowest mean. The overall expectation was at a high level (𝑥̄ = 4.47), with instructional supervision and educational measurement and evaluation having the highest mean and educational research having the lowest mean. The needs assessment found that educational research had the highest Priority Needs Index (PNI_modified = 0.250), followed by curriculum development, instructional supervision, promotion of educational media and technology use, and measurement and evaluation, respectively.

Conclusion: This research reflects the gap between reality and expectations regarding the academic role of educational supervisors, highlighting the need to develop supervisors' competencies, especially in educational research and curriculum development, to effectively respond to teachers' needs in the current educational context. The research also found that challenges in instructional supervision, promotion of educational media and technology use, and educational measurement and evaluation are important issues that require continuous development. These findings reflect the need for systematic improvement in both policy and practice to enable educational supervisors to effectively and sustainably serve as a key element for enhancing educational quality.

Development of Training Courses to Enhance Competence in Learning Management, Design, and Control of Automatic Robots using Computer Language for Secondary School Teachers

Wichawut Ounsim — 2025-11-28

Background and Aims: Robots are machines with internal mechanisms. They can work with humans or work instead of humans, and can prioritize work plans before or after. Therefore, robot design and control are very important. This research aims to 1) study basic information, problems, and needs in developing training courses, 2) develop training courses, 3) apply training courses, and 4) evaluate training courses to enhance the competence of learning management, design, and control of automatic robots with computer language for secondary school teachers.

Methodology: It is a research and curriculum development (Research and Development) by proceeding with the following 4 stages: Stage 1: Study basic information; Stage 2: Develop the curriculum; Stage 3: Implement the curriculum; and Stage 4: Evaluate the training curriculum to enhance the competence in learning management, design and control of automatic robots with computer language for secondary school teachers. The population and sample for the study of basic information were science and technology teachers who were assigned to teach design and automatic robots at the secondary school level, 55 secondary schools in the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Kalasin, totaling 110 people. The sample group was determined using the Krejcie & Morgan table (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970, 607-610), resulting in 86 samples. The sample was selected by purposive sampling. The target group for the curriculum implementation was science and technology teachers who were assigned to teach design and automatic robots at the secondary school level, in 9 secondary schools in the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area. The instruments used were the current status and development needs questionnaire, the training curriculum, and the consistency assessment form. Course suitability, test, satisfaction questionnaire, and course evaluation form. Statistics used for data analysis include percentage, mean and standard deviation.

Results: 1. The current problems in the development of training courses, overall and in every aspect, are at a high level. The need for development, overall, is at a high level. 2. The training course, it was found that the developed training course has 7 components: 1) Background and importance of the problem, 2) Principles of the course, 3) Objectives of the course, 4) Content, Consisting of 4.1) Basic knowledge and skills in electronics, 4.2) Robot design with computer programs, 4.3) Programming automatic robot control with computer language, 4.4) Writing automatic robot learning management plans, and 4.5) Measuring and evaluating automatic robot learning management results. 5) Training activities, 6) Media and learning resources, and 7) Measurement and evaluation. The course is at a high level of overall consistency and is also at a high level of overall appropriateness. 3. The results of the implementation of the training course found that the teachers who received training had post-training test scores higher than 80 percent, with statistical significance at a level of .01, and were highly satisfied with the organization of the training activities. 4. The results of the evaluation of the training course, it was found that overall and in every aspect, were at a high level.

Conclusion: The development of a training course to enhance competence in learning management, design and control of automatic robots using computer language has 7 components: 1) background and importance of the problem, 2) principles of the course, 3) objectives of the course, 4) content, 5) training activities, 6) media and learning resources, and 7) measurement and evaluation. The results of the course evaluation found that overall, and in every aspect, was at a high level. Therefore, it can be used and further developed.

The Effect on STEM Education Learning Management in the Learning Unit of Fun Racing Track of Grade 5 Students

Wichittra Dasri — 2025-11-30

Background and Aims: STEM education is a learning management that integrates science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, focusing on students' body of knowledge and being able to use the knowledge they have gained to solve problems and create new things. The objectives of this research were 1) to compare the academic achievement of science in the learning unit of Fun Racing Track of Grade 5 students using STEM learning management with the 70 percent criterion, and 2) to compare the creative problem-solving of Grade 5 students using STEM learning management with the 70 percent criterion.

Methodology: The samples consisted of 15 Grade 5 students from Ban Sap Charoen School, Wang Chomphu Sub-district, under the Chaiyaphum Primary Educational Service Area Office 1. These students were selected in Semester 2 of the Academic Year 2024, using cluster random sampling. Research instruments included a learning management plan based on STEM education in the learning unit of Fun Racing Track (Resultant Forces and Friction), an achievement test in the learning unit of Fun Racing Track (Resultant Forces and Friction), and a creative problem-solving assessment. Data analysis used statistics, including percentages, mean, standard deviations, and a one-sample t-test.

Results: 1. Grade 5 students who received science learning management based on STEM education, the Fun Racing Track Learning Unit, had academic achievement scores after learning higher than the 70 percent criterion, statistically significant at the .05 level. 2) Grade 5 students who received science learning management based on STEM education, the Fun Racing Track Learning Unit, had creative problem-solving scores after learning higher than the 70 percent criterion, statistically significant at the .05 level.

Conclusions: STEM learning management effectively improved the academic achievement of Grade 5 students by learning through the learning process in sequence, which led to higher academic achievement and creative problem-solving.

Teacher Perception of Internal Supervision Management in Thailand 4.0 era within Secondary Schools in Bangkok under the jurisdiction of the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 2

Nathapop Fahkrajang — 2025-11-30

Background and Aims: Internal supervision is an important tool for enhancing the quality of educational management in educational institutions and developing teachers into professional educators. However, the internal supervision process currently faces problems from both supervisors and those being supervised, resulting in internal supervision not producing the desired results. This research aims to 1) study the internal supervision management in the Thailand 4.0 era according to the perceptions of teachers in secondary schools under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area, Bangkok Area 2 and 2) compare teachers’ perceptions of internal supervision management in the Thailand 4.0 era in secondary schools under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok Area 2 classified by educational level, academic status and work experience.

Methodology: The samples consisted of 375 public school teachers by cluster random sampling according to the inter-campus and simple random sampling using Taro Yamane’s sample size calculation formula. The instrument was a 40-item rating scale questionnaire with a content validity between 0.80-1.00 and a reliability of 0.936. The statistics used were mean, percentage, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). When differences were found, a paired t-test was performed using Scheffe’s post hoc comparison.

Results: The research results found that 1) Teachers had a high level of overall perception of internal supervision management in the Thailand 4.0 era. 2) The results of the comparison of teachers’ perception of internal supervision management in Thailand 4.0 era in secondary schools under The Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok Area 2, classified by education level, academic status, and work experience, can be summarized as follows: 2.1) Teachers with different education levels had no different overall perceptions. 2.2) Teachers with different education levels had no different overall perceptions. 2.3) Teachers with different work experiences had different overall perceptions with statistical significance at the .05 level, except for the aspect of implementing the supervision plan and the aspect of evaluating and reporting supervision results.

Conclusion: The internal supervision is an important process for developing teachers in schools under the Secondary Education Service Area, Office Bangkok 2, to become professional teachers, which requires systematic planning and implementation using quality tools, and there is an evaluation and monitoring of the use of supervision results to continuously improve teaching and learning management.

The Action Research for Management on the Internal Quality Assurance in the Program: A Case Study Graduate Diploma Program in the Teaching Profession of Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University 2024

Somphanthushthonranat SieloSreechai — 2025-11-30

Background and Aims: Improving the quality of the Diploma in Teaching at Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University to produce excellent graduate teachers in national education management is an important tool for solving internal problems and preparing the population for competition. To survive on the global stage with potential and strength in both social and economic aspects, the Thai population has a good quality of life, has the capacity to cope with modern situations and threats, protect themselves, and solve economic and social problems at the national, community, and family levels. Another solution is to organize a curriculum that is an instructional management of higher education institutions that aims to respond to learners' awareness of the rapidly changing economic and social conditions in the digital age, and to produce quality graduates according to the needs of current and future society. The researchers therefore conducted a study of the research results from the operational quality assurance of the Diploma in Teaching at Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University. This study aimed to 1) study the research results from the operational quality management according to the internal quality assurance system at the curriculum level of the Office of the Higher Education Commission in 2024; and 2) report the results of the internal quality assessment according to the quality assurance system (CHE) at the curriculum level of the Office of the Higher Education Commission.

Methodology: The target group for internal quality assurance of students, lecturers, and stakeholders of the Graduate Diploma Program in the Teaching Profession of Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University, 2024 academic year totals 108 persons. The research instruments included 2 checklists, 1 observation form, 1 questionnaire, and 2 in-depth interviews. To analyze data, content analysis and statistics were used as follows: frequency, means, standard deviation, and percentage. To compare with the standard criteria of the higher education internal quality assurance system in the Program by the Office of the Higher Education Commission 2014 (CHE).

Results: The research results revealed as following: (1) The research results of the management of an internal quality assurance system, the result of input at the highest level, the process finding showed that at the highest level, and the product finding showed at the highest level. (2) The result of the management of an internal quality assurance system in the Graduate Diploma Program in the Teaching Profession of Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University, Program committee self-assessment report (SAR), showed that the Program committee group had an assessment at the highest level.

Conclusion: The result of the audit committee of an internal quality assurance system in the Graduate Diploma Program in the Teaching Profession of Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University. Audit committee assessment report, the results showed that the audit committee had an assessment at the highest level.

Treatment Approaches for Long COVID Based on Traditional Medicine Wisdom: A Case Study of Healer Suphamas Kananurak in Chonburi Province

Suratsawadee Chantachon — 2025-11-30

Background and Aims: Long COVID is a condition where patients continue to experience symptoms after recovering from COVID-19 infection. This represents a new medical challenge that impacts quality of life across physical, mental, and social dimensions. While modern medicine has developed treatment guidelines, there are still limitations in addressing the diverse symptoms of this condition. Therefore, re-examining and applying local traditional medical wisdom, which emphasizes holistic treatment, is a valuable alternative approach that warrants systematic study. This research aims to: 1. Study the current situation and problems in treating Long COVID. 2. Develop an integrated treatment approach that can be sustainably incorporated into community-level healthcare systems.

Methodology: This is a Qualitative Research study utilizing a case study of Dr. Supamas Kananurak, a traditional healer in Chonburi province. Data was collected through documentary review, in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and field notes. Purposive sampling was used for participant selection, and content analysis was employed under the framework of traditional medicine concepts, along with triangulation to confirm data trustworthiness.

Results: Long COVID still lacks comprehensive treatment guidelines within the current healthcare system, leading some communities to turn to local wisdom, such as the treatment provided by Dr. Supamas Kananurak. Her approach emphasizes balancing the body with herbal medicine and traditional Thai massage, based on the patient's dominant elements. This holistic treatment also includes mental health care through aromatherapy and meditation. This approach promotes both physical and mental recovery and can be appropriately integrated into modern healthcare systems at the community level.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that treatment of Long COVID by traditional healers can be a suitable alternative for addressing complex health conditions, especially within the context of Thai communities that possess cultural capital. Such approaches should be promoted through further research and integrated with modern healthcare systems, considering the efficacy, safety, and sustainability of local wisdom.

Linguistic Analysis of Cultural Adaptation in Thai Translations of J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter Series: A Comprehensive Study of Translation Strategies from a Linguistic Perspective

Thananya Viriyapanyanont — 2025-11-30

Background and Aims: This comprehensive linguistic analysis examines the cultural adaptation strategies employed in Thai translations of J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, focusing specifically on the first three volumes from a systematic linguistic perspective. The study aims to investigate how translators navigate the complex interplay between morphological, phonological, semantic, and pragmatic considerations when adapting culturally specific elements for Thai readers.

Methodology: The study employs qualitative content analysis grounded in contemporary linguistic theory, utilizing a comprehensive linguistic analysis framework that systematically examines translation choices across multiple levels of linguistic structure. The research corpus consists of sixty systematically selected passages from Thai translations of the first three Harry Potter volumes, analyzed using established techniques from applied linguistics, incorporating insights from morphological analysis, phonological theory, semantic analysis, and pragmatic research.

Results: The linguistic analysis reveals sophisticated patterns of morphological adaptation in character nomenclature, phonological adjustment in magical terminology, semantic shifts in cultural references, and pragmatic accommodation in dialogic expressions. The findings demonstrate systematic patterns where translators employ consistent principles for adapting English morphological complexity to Thai patterns while maintaining recognizable lexical relationships. Phonological adaptation strategies reveal a sophisticated understanding of how sound symbolism contributes to meaning construction in fantasy literature.

Conclusion: The findings demonstrate how translators function as linguistic mediators, employing systematic phonological, morphological, and semantic processes to bridge the gap between English and Thai linguistic systems while preserving the fantastical essence of the source material. The study contributes to applied linguistics and translation studies by illuminating the complex linguistic mechanisms underlying successful cross-cultural literary adaptation, offering insights into how linguistic structure influences translation decision-making processes.