Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal

Development of Problem-based Active Learning Activities to Promote Science Learning Achievement of Grade 6 Students

Satiya Kuongtip — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: Science is of great importance to humanity. It helps develop cognitive abilities, logical reasoning, creativity, analytical thinking, knowledge-seeking skills, and the ability to solve problems systematically. It also promotes the rational application of scientific and technological knowledge, fosters an understanding of fundamental principles and theories, and recognizes the limitations of science. The ultimate goal is to develop learners into good, intelligent, and happy individuals who have the potential for further education and can apply their knowledge beneficially. This research aims to 1) Study the efficiency of active learning activities for Grade 6 students to be effective according to the criteria of 80/80 2) To compare the learning achievement in the science and technology subject group of Grade 6 students by organizing active learning activities before and after studying and 3) Study of students' satisfaction with the organization of problem-based active learning activities. The sample group was 34 students in Grade 6

Methodology: The sample group used in this research consisted of Grade 6/7 students from Kalasin Kindergarten School, under the jurisdiction of the Office of Kalasin Primary Educational Service Area 1, during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample included one classroom with a total of 34 students, selected through cluster random sampling, using classrooms as the unit of selection by drawing lots. Research instruments: 1) Lesson Plans – Six lesson plans totaling 12 hours were designed using problem-based active learning activities under the topic “Substances Around Us” from the Science Learning Area for Grade 6 students.2) Achievement Test – A 20-item multiple-choice test (with four options per item) was developed to measure students’ science learning achievement on the topic “Substances Around Us,” aligned with the Science and Technology Learning Area for Grade 6. 3) Student Satisfaction Questionnaire – A 10-item 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to assess students’ satisfaction with the problem-based active learning activities.

Results: 1) The effectiveness of the problem-based active learning activities designed to enhance the science learning achievement of Grade 6 students is 90.15/89.55, which meets the established criteria. The set criterion is 80/80.2) The science learning achievement of students who participated in the problem-based active learning activities significantly increased after the learning, compared to before the learning, with statistical significance at the .05 level.3) Students' satisfaction with the problem-based active learning activities, overall, is at the highest level.

Conclusion: The development of problem-based active learning activities that effectively promote science learning achievement of grade 6 students and can also be used to develop higher-level learners.

A Development Model of Digital Leadership for School Administrators under the Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Nittaya Phudonnang — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: School administrators are key variables in ensuring quality education management. In the digital era, school administrators must continuously develop their knowledge, competencies, attributes, skills, and educational management experience to keep pace with ongoing changes. They should possess digital leadership qualities, acting as technology users, resource allocators, and drivers of educational transformation. This is essential for modernizing schools and ensuring effective management across all aspects of education. Therefore, this research aims to: 1. Study the components and indicators of digital leadership for school administrators. 2. Study the current situation, desirable condition, and needs assessment of digital leadership for school administrators under the Sakon Nakhon primary educational service area office 2. 3) Develop and evaluate a model of digital leadership for school administrators under the Sakon Nakhon primary educational service area office 2.

Methodology: The research was divided into three phases: Phase 1: Study the components and indicators of digital leadership for school administrators. The key informants consist of seven individuals purposively selected from educational scholars, educational administrators, and school administrators. Phase 2: Study the current situation, desirable condition, and needs assessment of digital leadership for school administrators under the Sakon Nakhon primary educational service area office 2. The sample group comprises 322 school administrators and teachers, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument is a five-point Likert scale questionnaire with an overall reliability coefficient of .87. Data analysis includes mean and standard deviation calculations. Phase 3: Develop and evaluate a model of digital leadership for school administrators under the Sakon Nakhon primary educational service area office 2. The key informants include nine individuals purposively selected from educational scholars, educational administrators, and school administrators to assess the propriety, feasibility, and utility of the model, seven experts were selected as an expert panel to evaluate the model implementation manual. The data obtained from the evaluation were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation

Results: 1. The components and indicators of digital leadership of school administrators consist of: Vision and new paradigms, Digital literacy, Digital communication, Innovation creation and development. 2. The overall current state is rated at a high level, while the overall desired state is rated at the highest level. The priority index for development needs is ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Vision and new paradigms, Digital literacy, Digital communication, Innovation creation and development. 3. The model consists of the following components: Principles, Objectives, Content, Development process, Assessment, and evaluation. The model defines learning units in digital communication, digital literacy, innovation creation and development, and vision and new paradigms. The overall assessment results indicate that the model's appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness are rated at the highest level.

Conclusion: The findings of this study provide systematic knowledge that can be applied to the development of digital leadership among school administrators. The study emphasizes the targeted development of essential areas and presents a practical development model that can be effectively implemented. This model benefits administrators, teachers, students, and the overall education system in the digital era. The research results identify four key components of digital leadership: Vision and new paradigms, Digital literacy, Digital communication, Innovation creation and development. The evaluation of the model indicates that it is highly appropriate, feasible, and beneficial. These findings can serve as a guideline for enhancing the digital leadership of school administrators, enabling them to integrate digital technologies effectively and efficiently into educational management.

The Model for Ethical Leadership Development Secondary School Administrators in the Official Inspection Region 12, under the Office of the Basic Education Commission

Chanida Yotsapol — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: School administrators serve as key leaders in managing education at the institutional level and play a critical role in shaping educational outcomes. Therefore, they need to possess the necessary potential, competencies, and characteristics that facilitate effective educational management. One of these indispensable qualities is "ethical leadership." Therefore, the objectives of this research are as follows: 1) to study the components and indicators of ethical leadership of secondary school administrators. 2) to study the current situation, desirable conditions, and needs assessment of secondary school administrators. 3) Create a model for ethical leadership development of secondary school administrators. 4) to study the results of using the model for ethical leadership development of secondary school administrators.

Methodology: The research was divided into four phases: Phase 1: studied components and indicators of ethical leadership of school administrators. The key informant group was 9 experts to confirm the components and indicators. Phase 2: studied the current situation, desirable conditions, and needs assessment of ethical leadership of secondary school administrators. The sample group consisted of 375 school administrators and teachers. The research tool was a questionnaire with a reliability of .93. Data were analyzed by means and standard deviation Phase 3: create a model for ethical leadership development of secondary school administrators. The key informant group was 6 experts to study best practices and 9 experts to confirm the model by connoisseurship. Phase 4: studied the results of using the model for ethical leadership development of secondary school administrators. The target groups were 20 school administrators in the official inspection region 12, under the office of the basic education commission.

Results: 1. The components and indicators of ethical leadership of secondary school administrators consisted of 4 components, including 1) respect, 2) responsibility, 3) justice, and 4) good citizenship. 2. The overall current condition is at a high average level. The overall desirable condition was at the highest mean level. The needs assessment was ranked from highest to lowest as follows: 1) good citizenship, 2) justice, 3) responsibility, and 4) respect. 3. The development model consists of four modules as follows: Module 1, good citizenship, Module 2, justice; Module 3, responsibility; and Module 4, respect. The overall assessment results indicate that the appropriateness, feasibility, and benefits of the model are at the highest level. 4. The results from using the model: 1) the evaluation of ethical leadership levels among school administrators revealed that all aspects showed significant improvements, with the overall average rating reaching the highest level. 2) Satisfaction with the application of the development model was rated at the highest average level. 3) The evaluation of the appropriateness of the user manual for the development model indicated that the overall appropriateness achieved the highest average rating.

Conclusion: The leadership of school administrators in the modern era requires the integration of universal principles and Buddhist teachings to cultivate a strong sense of moral consciousness for personal development and to guide the organization toward achieving its educational objectives. The components consist of the following: 1) good citizenship, 2) justice, 3) responsibility, and 4) Respect.

A Model for The Development of Creative Leadership of School Administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Maha Sarakham

Wannipa Deekansai — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: Creative leadership by school administrators plays a crucial role in enhancing student outcomes, especially in an era of complex educational change and increasing competition. Effective educational management requires collaboration from all relevant stakeholders. School administrators serve as key drivers in steering the organization toward its goals through creative leadership, which enables schools to adapt and develop efficiently. Therefore, this study aims to: 1) Study the components and indicators of creative leadership of school administrators. 2) Study the current situation, desirable condition and needs assessment of creative leadership of school administrators. 3) Develop a model for creative leadership of school administrators. 4) Study the results of using the model for creative leadership of school administrators.

Methodology: The research was divided into four phases: Phase 1: studied components and indicators of creative leadership of school administrators. The key informants consisted of seven experts. Phase 2: studied the current situation, desirable conditions, and needs assessment of creative leadership of school administrators. The sample group consisted of 331 school administrators and teachers. The research instrument was a five-level Likert scale questionnaire with an overall reliability coefficient of 0.79. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Phase 3: Developing a model for creative leadership of school administrators. The key informants included six experts and nine experts. Phase 4: Study the results of using the model for creative leadership of school administrators. The target group consisted of 15 school administrators.

Results: 1. The components and indicators of creative leadership of school administrators consisted of: (1) creativity, (2) imagination, (3) flexibility and adaptability, (4) vision, and (5) individualized consideration. 2. The current state was rated at a high level, while the desired state was at the highest level. The ranking of needs assessment, from highest to lowest, was as follows: (1) individualized consideration, (2) flexibility and adaptability, (3) creativity, (4) vision, and (5) imagination. 3. The developed model comprised five key elements: (1) principles, (2) objectives, (3) content, (4) development processes, and (5) evaluation and assessment. The content was structured into five modules: Module 1: Creativity, Module 2: Imagination, Module 3: Flexibility and Adaptability, Module 4: Vision, and Module 5: Individualized consideration. The overall assessment of the model’s appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness was rated at the highest level. 4.The evaluation of the model’s implementation revealed that participants demonstrated the highest level of creative leadership after development. Overall satisfaction with the model and the usability manual was also rated at the highest level.

Conclusion: Creative Leadership is a crucial factor that enables school administrators to manage effectively by inspiring and motivating personnel to think outside the box, make bold decisions, and adapt to changing circumstances. Research has identified five key components of creative leadership among school administrators: (1) creativity, (2) vision, (3) flexibility and adaptability, (4) individualized consideration, and (5) imagination. These components are essential in driving organizational development and addressing the challenges of the modern era.

The Study of Grade 11 Students’ Problem-Solving Ability on Sequences and Series by Using Teaching Through Problem Solving

Pongsupa Thupthein — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: Mathematical problem-solving ability is an essential skill in learning mathematics, and it should be continuously developed and fostered in students. Teaching through problem solving (TTP) provides opportunities for students to actively engage in learning through real-world problem situations, encouraging them to analyze and understand problems and collaboratively develop logical solution strategies. This approach also enables students to explain the steps taken in solving problems, leading to accurate and well-reasoned conclusions. The purpose of this study was to examine the mathematical problem-solving ability of Grade 11 students in the topic of sequences and series by using TTP.

Methodology: The target group for this study consisted of 23 Grade 11 students from Rattanathibate School, Nonthaburi Province, during the second semester of the 2024 academic year. These students were under the instruction of the researcher. The research instruments included TTP lesson plans on sequences and series, and a mathematical problem-solving ability test on the same topic. Data analysis involved frequency, mode, arithmetic mean, and percentage, with the results presented in tables, single bar graphs, and multiple bar graphs.

Results: The students demonstrated mathematical problem-solving abilities in the topic of sequences and series. After participating in problem-based learning, they achieved an average score of 18.70 out of a total of 24 points, which is equivalent to 77.92%. This performance is assessed at a proficient level (13–18 points).

Conclusion: The students were able to appropriately select concepts and formulas related to sequences and series, assign and substitute variables, and logically explain the problem-solving processes, which led to correct answers.

Factors Influencing the Intention to Use Online Parcel Delivery Platforms among Residents of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province

Rapeepat Laopithaksanti — 2026-05-10

Background and Objectives: In the digital era, parcel delivery through online platforms has become a vital and rapidly growing service. This trend urges service providers to continuously develop and refine their systems and strategies to enhance user satisfaction and promote continued usage. This study aims to (1) examine the level of public opinion in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province regarding electronic service quality, marketing mix, and the intention to send parcels via online platforms, and (2) investigate the influence of electronic service quality and marketing mix factors on the intention to send parcels through online platforms among residents.

Research Methodology: This quantitative study employed a questionnaire to collect data from 232 respondents during April–May 2025. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and multiple regression analysis using the Enter method.

Results: The findings revealed that (1) public opinion on electronic service quality, marketing mix, and the intention to send parcels through online platforms was at a high level; and (2) four components of electronic service quality—system usability efficiency, system availability, fulfillment, and privacy—together with the four marketing mix elements—product, price, place, and promotion—had a statistically significant influence on the intention to send parcels via online platforms among residents of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province at the 0.05 level of significance.

Conclusion: Service providers should focus on developing high-quality digital systems and applying appropriate marketing strategies to build user confidence and foster sustainable usage of online parcel delivery platforms.

The Middle-Income Trap of Thailand: The Politics of Comparative Development of the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Japan

Wanlada Kanchom — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: The middle-income trap is a phenomenon where developing countries are unable to raise their income levels to become high-income nations. This article aims to analyze the factors that could enable Thailand to escape the middle-income trap by comparing the developmental trajectories of the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Japan.

Methodology: This study employs a comparative development approach, analyzing the stages of economic advancement to identify the factors contributing to a country’s success or failure in overcoming the middle-income trap.

Results: Countries that have successfully escaped the middle-income trap—such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan—have systematically established strong foundations in industry and innovation, with the state playing a strategic role in development. In contrast, countries that remain trapped, such as Thailand and China, face structural economic limitations, reliance on cheap labor, and a lack of sustainable innovation-supporting institutions. Although Thailand has reached an upper-middle-income status, it has yet to undergo a genuine structural economic transformation.

Conclusion: To sustainably escape the middle-income trap, Thailand should adopt a hybrid strategy: using Japan’s “developmental state” model as the core, integrating China’s innovation promotion, and building institutional market foundations akin to those in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Cultural Exchange and Integration of Hunan Flower Drum Opera and Folk Song Classics

Xinruo Wang — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: Hunan Flower Drum Opera and folk songs are both deeply rooted in Hunan’s cultural heritage and have historically developed in symbiosis, sharing musical materials, dialectal characteristics, and emotional expression. As carriers of regional culture, they illustrate the concept of “the same origin of opera and song.” This study aims to explore the mechanisms of cultural exchange between the two forms and analyze their artistic integration and innovative practices, particularly through case studies such as Liu Hai's Chopping Woodcutter and Liao Jialin’s adaptation of Rolling in the Deep. The research seeks to uncover how these forms contribute to cultural identity and the global dissemination of traditional Chinese arts.

Methodology: A mixed-methods approach is adopted, combining bibliometric analysis and content analysis. Data were collected through a systematic literature review based on PRISMA principles using CNKI. Co-occurrence network analysis and timeline visualization were employed to track the evolution of research themes. Case analysis of selected performances and adaptations, particularly Liu Hai Chopping Woodcutter and Rolling in the Deep, was also conducted to examine musical structures, dialect features, and performance techniques.

Results: The study demonstrates a strong artistic and cultural synergy between Hunan Flower Drum Opera and folk songs. Through content and performance analysis of representative case studies, including Liu Hai Chopping Woodcutter and Rolling in the Deep, the research reveals how musical material, vocal techniques, and dialectal rhythms interpenetrate to form a hybrid performance language. Liu Hai Chopping Woodcutter exemplifies shared melodic and structural elements, while Rolling in the Deep represents a successful model of cross-cultural innovation, utilizing local dialects and opera techniques to reinterpret global pop music. These findings highlight how such integration strengthens regional cultural identity and expands the international visibility of traditional Chinese art forms through multimedia platforms and creative adaptations.

Conclusion: The cultural exchange between Hunan Flower Drum Opera and folk songs reflects the dynamic interaction between tradition and innovation. Their integration exemplifies how local art forms can be revitalized and internationalized through creative transformation, technological support, and strategic dissemination. To ensure their sustainable development, it is vital to maintain dialectal authenticity, invest in youth-oriented education and performance strategies, and leverage digital platforms. These approaches can position Hunan’s musical heritage as a meaningful contributor to global cultural dialogue.

From Shamanic Ritual to the Ritual-Music System: The Structural Evolution of Shamanic Ritual Martial Dance and Its Foundational Role in Later Martial Dance Forms

Rui Zhang — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: This study investigates the historical evolution of Ganqi Dance, a prototypical form of Shamanic Ritual Martial Dance, and its structural transformation within the Chinese ritual-music system. By decoding its triadic structure of movement–instrument–space, the research aims to elucidate how this dance form transitioned from a shamanic martial rite into a formalized component of state rituals, and how it laid the foundation for subsequent martial-ritual practices in Chinese history.

Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative historical approach, integrating systematic literature review, textual criticism, and artifact/iconographic analysis. Key sources include oracle bone inscriptions, bronze ritual vessels, and canonical texts such as The Book of Rites, Zhouli, and Yili. Excavated artifacts like the Fangjia of Lady Fu Hao, bronze weapons with Ganqi motifs, and Eight Yi dance formations are analyzed to reconstruct the choreographic and symbolic logic of the Ganqi Phalanx.

Results: Findings reveal that the Ganqi Dance functioned as a political-religious performance uniting military authority and spiritual communication. The coordinated use of ritual weapons (Gan and Qi) and square spatial configurations mirrored cosmological principles and hierarchical state order. This triadic ritual structure was later codified into Confucian ceremonial forms, with enduring symbolic and institutional influence visible in the Da Wu dance, imperial ceremonies, and modern ritual revivals.

Conclusion: The Ganqi Dance represents a foundational model in Chinese ritual-military choreography, integrating somatic technique, cosmological space, and ritual objects into a unified ceremonial expression. Its structural logic exemplifies the translation of shamanic ritual into codified state ideology. This study contributes a new interpretive framework for analyzing ancient dance as a complex embodiment of political, religious, and aesthetic functions. Future research should explore digital reconstructions and comparative studies with other East Asian ritual martial traditions.

The Performance of Choral Adaptations of Hunan Folk Songs

Fan Xia — 2026-05-10

Background and Aims: Hunan folk songs are an essential part of China’s traditional music culture and possess strong regional characteristics. In recent decades, choral adaptations of these folk songs have become a significant form for preserving and promoting this cultural heritage. However, these adaptations face challenges in terms of performance standardization, stylistic fusion, and contemporary dissemination. This study aims to explore the compositional and vocal techniques involved in choral adaptations of Hunan folk songs, examine their performance characteristics, and propose sustainable dissemination and development strategies in the modern era.

Methodology: This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative techniques. Data were collected through literature analysis, field observation, musical analysis, interviews, and questionnaire surveys. Statistical methods were employed to assess the dissemination and audience engagement of Hunan folk song choral works. Survey results from 326 valid responses indicated that 68.4% of audience members preferred adaptations that preserved local dialect pronunciation, while 74.1% favored performances that integrated both folk and Bel Canto vocal styles. Among compositional techniques, composite texture and pentatonic-based harmonization were identified as the most appreciated by 59.7% of respondents, suggesting a strong public preference for culturally grounded yet modernized choral arrangements.

Results: The study finds that effective choral adaptations of Hunan folk songs retain the core tonal and melodic elements while employing modern compositional techniques such as texture layering, form expansion, and harmonization. Vocal performance blends elements of Western bel canto and native folk techniques, particularly in timbre, resonance, breathing, and language articulation. Dissemination strategies such as school integration, media promotion, and cultural policy support are critical to revitalizing interest in these choral forms.

Conclusion: Choral adaptations of Hunan folk songs provide a dynamic medium for cultural inheritance and innovation. By balancing artistic integrity with modern aesthetic preferences and through strengthened research, talent cultivation, and diversified dissemination models, these works can achieve broader recognition and sustainability in contemporary music culture.