The The Effect of the Music Beat on Anxiety of Capability in Korfball Shooting
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Abstract
This study examined the effects of musical rhythm on competitive anxiety and shooting performance in korfball athletes. Thirty members of the Thailand national korfball team were systematically matched and assigned to either an experimental group or a control group, with 15 athletes in each. The experimental group trained with musical rhythm integrated into their program, whereas the control group followed an otherwise identical training program without music. The intervention lasted eight weeks. Anxiety and self-confidence were assessed using the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R), and shooting performance was evaluated at weeks 4 and 8. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and independent t-tests. The results indicated that the experimental group achieved significantly greater improvements in shooting performance compared with the control group at both week 4 and week 8 (p < .05). In addition, analyses of competitive state anxiety revealed significant reductions in somatic and cognitive anxiety, together with enhanced self-confidence, among athletes in the experimental group. These findings suggest that incorporating musical rhythm into structured training programs can enhance both technical performance and psychological readiness. Consistent integration of music may therefore represent an effective strategy for improving skill execution, emotional regulation, and competitive performance.
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Critical thinking in journals is the right of the author. The Association of Health Education, Physical Education and Recreation of Thailand is not always required, to create diversity in ideas and creativity.
ความคิด ข้อวิพากษ์ในวารสารเป้นสิทธิของผู้เขียน สมาคมสุขศึกษา พลศึกษา และสันทนาการแห่งประเทศไทยไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นชอบด้วยเสมอไป เพื่อให้เกิดความหลากหลายในความคิดและความสร้างสรรค์
References
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Arazi, H., et al. (2017). The effect of fast, light, and favorite music on physiological function and physical performance of male athlete students. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 17(1), 33–40.
Boonchue, K. (1975). The nature of music.
Boonweerabutr, S. (1998). Sport psychology. Chonburi: Chonburi Physical Education College.
Chanchai, A. (2007).Sports coaching psychology. Bangkok, Thailand: Panyachon.
Channarongsak, T. (2011). The effects of relaxation imagery training on heart rate variability. (Unpublished thesis/report).
Chtourou, H., et al. (2012). The effects of music on high-intensity short-term exercise in well- trained athletes. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(4), 233–238.
Chie, Q. T., et al. (2009). The effects of music tempo on memory performance using maintenance rehearsal and imagery. Sunway Academic Journal, 6, 114–132.
Gould, D., Diffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 177–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103509 Intharak, C. (2016).
A comparative study of the effects of imagery training with relaxation music on relaxation, anxiety, and dart-throwing accuracy. (Unpublished thesis/report).
Kanchanakij, S. (1999). Sport psychology: Concepts, theories, and practices. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University.
Kuan, G., et al. (2018). Effects of relaxing and arousing music during imagery training on dart-throwing performance, physiological arousal indices, and competitive state anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00014
MacClelland, L. (1979). Music in the operating room. AORN Journal, 29(2), 252–260.
Phaphim, T. (2003). The effects of listening to music and muscle relaxation training on the accuracy of one-hand standing basketball shooting. (Unpublished thesis/report).
Sarai-thong, J. (2008). The effects of basketball shooting training program combined with imagery and breathing control on three-point shooting accuracy. (Unpublished thesis/report).
Selye, H. (1976). Stress without distress. In Psychopathology of human adaptation (pp. 137–146). Springer.
Thakur, A. M., et al. (2013). Effect of different types of music on exercise performance in normal individuals. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57(4), 448–451.
Yamashita, S., et al. (2006). Effects of music during exercise on rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, and the autonomic nervous system. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46(3), 425–430.
Arazi, H., et al. (2015). Physiological and psychophysical responses to listening to music during warm-up and circuit-type resistance exercise in strength-trained men. Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015, Article ID.
Arazi, H., et al. (2017). The effect of fast, light, and favorite music on physiological function and physical performance of male athlete students. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 17(1), 33–40.
Boonchue, K. (1975). The nature of music.
Boonweerabutr, S. (1998). Sport psychology. Chonburi: Chonburi Physical Education College.
Chanchai, A. (2007). Sports coaching psychology. Bangkok, Thailand: Panyachon.
Channarongsak, T. (2011). The effects of relaxation imagery training on heart rate variability. (Unpublished thesis/report).
Chtourou, H., et al. (2012). The effects of music on high-intensity short-term exercise in well-trained athletes. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(4), 233–238.
Chie, Q. T., et al. (2009). The effects of music tempo on memory performance using maintenance rehearsal and imagery. Sunway Academic Journal, 6, 114–132.
Gould, D., Diffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 177–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103509
Intharak, C. (2016). A comparative study of the effects of imagery training with relaxation music on relaxation level, anxiety, and dart-throwing accuracy. (Unpublished thesis/report).
Kanchanakij, S. (1999). Sport psychology: Concepts, theories, and practices. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University.
Kuan, G., et al. (2018). Effects of relaxing and arousing music during imagery training on dart-throwing performance, physiological arousal indices, and competitive state anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00014
MacClelland, L. (1979). Music in the operating room. AORN Journal, 29(2), 252–260.
Phaphim, T. (2003). The effects of listening to music and muscle relaxation training on the accuracy of one-hand standing basketball shooting. (Unpublished thesis/report).
Sarai-thong, J. (2008). The effects of basketball shooting training program combined with imagery and breathing control on three-point shooting accuracy. (Unpublished thesis/report).
Selye, H. (1976). Stress without distress. In Psychopathology of human adaptation (pp. 137–146). Springer.
Thakur, A. M., et al. (2013). Effect of different types of music on exercise performance in normal individuals. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 57(4), 448–451.
Yamashita, S., et al. (2006). Effects of music during exercise on rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, and the autonomic nervous system. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46(3), 425–430.
