Thai Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation

The Growth of Sports Marketing and The Importance of Technology in Sports Management

Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

At present, people's views on sports in society have clearly changed. Initially, sports were primarily about exercise, physical fitness enhancement, and maintaining health. Today, the use of technology, the popularity of professional sports and esports, the promotion of community sports, and access to sports media have a significant effect on the way of life and connections in today's society. Changes in human behavior, economic progress, social and cultural shifts, lifestyle changes, living conditions, and advancements in technology have transformed the perspective of sports into a business capable of generating income for sports business operators at all levels. This shift contributes to adding value to the national economy.

As a result, people in society are becoming more aware of the importance of maintaining health and exercising. This is due to increased awareness of the benefits gained from exercise, such as reducing the risk of chronic diseases, boosting energy, and strengthening immunity. The use of technology in personal sports, such as smart wearable devices (Wearable Technology), including smartwatches, fitness trackers, and fitness-related apps, helps people track and analyze detailed health and exercise data. The rise of eSports, or video game competitions as professional sports, is increasing in popularity and acceptance. There are global competitions with millions of viewers, making esports a significant part of the rapidly growing sports industry.

The growth of the sports market today is driven by many important factors, including the increase in interest in sports, the expansion of sports events, and the development of technology, which plays an important role in sports management. The development and adoption of technology in sports management are also crucially supported. Technology doesn't just help improve the performance of athletes and teams; it also enhances the viewing experience and the audience's access to information, leading to the sustainable and continuous growth of the sports industry in the future.

Street Sport to International Sport in Olympic Games: Analysis of 3X3 Basketball According to the study Process Physical Education

Hanafee Yeesunsong, Warunee Kitraksa, Ibrohim Yeesunsong — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

3X3 basketball is an international sport that was officially established recently but has gained immense popularity in every country. The evidence clearly shows that the number of 3x3 basketball tournaments has increased significantly. Young people are increasingly interested in this sport compared to the past 4-5 years abroad and in Thailand. This may be because young people can apply for the competition without representing an educational institution. Therefore, physical education teachers teach about sports, Exercises, games, and physical activities where students can experience the first place in their lives. Therefore, it is important to promote physical education learning management using 3X3 basketball is essential until students can use what they have learned to play recreational sports or participate in the 3X3 basketball competition. This academic article has two objectives: 1) to analyze 3x3 basketball according to the physical education process. to make it easier to design learning management in physical education, and 2) to provide a guideline for teaching 3x3 basketball in physical education and to provide a practical guideline for promoting 3X3 basketball sports immediately for stationed physical education teachers.

Leisure Sport Activities Model to Improve Well-Being for Zhengzhou Technology and Business University Students

Zhipeng JING, Kanit Kheovichai — Sat, 09 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to investigate the participation in leisure sports activities and its impact on happiness among college students at Zhengzhou Technology and Business University, and to evaluate the effect of a newly developed leisure sports activity model on happiness. The R&D (research and development) method was used to systematically explore the impact of college students' participation in leisure sports activities on happiness. The research purposes include: 1) Investigate the participation in leisure sports activities of college students at Zhengzhou Technology and Business University and its impact on happiness;
2) Develop and design a leisure sports activity model suitable for college students to enhance their happiness; 3) Evaluate the model effect in practical applications. The research results are based on a questionnaire survey of 375 college students and found that students prefer to engage in light exercise, such as cycling and walking in the park, 1-2 times a week for 0.5-1 hour each time. These activities can help improve happiness. The researchers designed the PSDF-PERMA leisure sports activity model for college students. After experimental verification on 30 college students, the PSDF-PERMA model showed significant effects in improving happiness. Most participants were satisfied with the overall arrangement, time, project settings, facilities and equipment of the activities. Overall, participants generally believed that leisure sports activities have a positive impact on improving well-being, but there is still room for improvement in terms of enhancing social interaction.

Participation Sport Tourism Model for Enhancing the Community Income in Henan Province

Shujing REN, Khanit Khiaowichai — Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to explore community-based sports tourism revenue generation models in Henan Province to enhance local residents' economic income. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) methodology, the study integrated quantitative and qualitative research techniques, including a comprehensive literature review, interviews, and expert panel discussions, to develop a tourism development model tailored to Chenjiagou. The study encompassed 383 residents and tourists from Chenjiagou, revealing that the area's sports tourism successfully attracted a well-educated, middle-income demographic, particularly excelling in health and education sectors. While Tai Chi activities had increased community income, challenges remained in the uneven distribution of benefits, along with inadequate financial support and talent development. The analysis led to the formulation of the "PBSPEC" model, which comprises six key dimensions: Policy, Benefit distribution, Service quality, Participation capacity, Economic impact, and Community belief, providing theoretical support for the sustainable tourism development of Chenjiagou.

Effects of Eye-Foot Coordination Activities on Football Shooting of Lower Secondary School Football Players

Thirakhun Boonserm, Ravisara Trongjitpituk, Suthana Tingsabhat — Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the mean football shooting performance of lower secondary school students before and after the experiment within the experimental and control groups, and 2) to compare the post-experimental mean football shooting performance between the experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 40 lower secondary school football players aged 12–14 years, selected using purposive sampling. The participants were divided into two groups using a matched-pair technique: 20 students in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. Pre-tests of eye-foot coordination and football shooting performance were administered prior to the experiment. The experimental group participated in eye-foot coordination activities over a period of 8 weeks. The research instruments included: 1) 29 eye-foot coordination training activities, 2) an eye-foot coordination test, and 3) a football shooting test. After the experiment, mean scores and standard deviations were analyzed using t-tests to compare the mean scores of eye-foot coordination and football shooting performance. The results revealed that: 1) the mean football shooting performance of the experimental group after the experiment was significantly higher than before the experiment at the .01 level, and 2) the post-experimental mean football shooting performance of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the .01 level.

Effect of a High-Intensity Power Circuit Training Program on Neuromuscular in Jiu-Jitsu Athletes

Eurangkul Juthapakti, Natrapee Polyai — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a high-intensity circuit training program on the neuromuscular system in jiu-jitsu athletes. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design. The participants consisted of 11 professional jiu-jitsu athletes aged between 18 and 30 years, including 7 males and 4 females, selected using purposive sampling. The participants underwent a high-intensity circuit training program three days per week for a total of 6 weeks. Muscular endurance was assessed using a 30-second repeated jump test measured by OptoJump Next. Anaerobic performance was evaluated using the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were calculated. Differences between pre-test and post-test within the group were analyzed using non-parametric statistics, specifically the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, with the level of statistical significance set at .05.

The results indicated that after the 6-week intervention, the mean muscular endurance of the jiu-jitsu athletes significantly increased compared to the pre-test at the .05 level. However, anaerobic performance showed an increase without statistical significance. It can be concluded that the high-intensity circuit training program can effectively improve muscular endurance in jiu-jitsu athletes.

Health Literacy about E-cigarette and Prevention Behaviors of E-cigarette of University Student in Bangkok

Yanisa Phungkat — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to 1) study the level of health literacy about e-cigarette and prevention of e-cigarette 2) compare the levels of health literacy about e-cigarette and prevention of e-cigarette classified by academic year levels and 3) study the relationship between health literacy about e-cigarette and prevention of e-cigarette. The sample consisted of 466 undergraduate students from the first to the fourth year enrolled in the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) program (4-year curriculum) in the fields of Health Education, Physical Education, and Health and Physical Education in Bangkok. The research instrument was a health literacy of e-cigarette and prevention of e-cigarette questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, F-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that the overall mean score of health literacy about e-cigarette was at moderate level (=103.92, S.D.=14.17) and the preventive behaviors were at a moderate level ( = 53.45, S.D.=10.89). When comparing health literacy about e-cigarette and prevention of e-cigarette levels by year, it was found that no differences in either health literacy or preventive behaviors. Health literacy about e-cigarette was positively correlated with prevention of e-cigarette (r=.454, p < .01). The results of this study could be used to design programs or develop short-term training curriculum to enhance health literacy about e-cigarette. The goal is to enable university students to improve their health literacy related to e-cigarettes to a level that supports the adoption of preventive behaviors against e-cigarette use and the appropriate application of such behaviors in their daily lives. Furthermore, the enhanced health literacy can be effectively applied in their future professional practice as health and physical education teachers.

The Development of a Collaborative Learning Program by Using the STAD Technique in Sepak Takraw for Secondary School Students

Athasit Kaewhiang, Parnisara Tasnaina — Tue, 28 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this study were 1) to develop a cooperative learning program based on the STAD technique using the Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) technique in a sepak takraw course to meet the efficiency criterion of 70/70. 2) to compare the learning achievement of students taught using the STAD technique with those taught using a conventional approach. 3) to compare pre-test and post-test learning achievement within both the experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 30 Mathayomsuksa 4 students (Grade 10 students) from Khokkhonwittayakhom School in the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The sample was selected using cluster sampling from classes M.4/1 and M.4/2 and then assigned into an experimental group and a control group of 15 students each through simple random sampling.This study employed a Quasi-Experimental Research design using a Two-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. Research instruments included: 1) eight sepak takraw lesson plans, 2) a knowledge test, and 3) a skill performance test. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

The research results were: 1) The STAD-based cooperative learning program developed by the researcher had an efficiency of 70.16/72.09, which exceeded the set criterion. 2) the experimental group taught with the STAD technique had significantly higher learning achievement than the control group at the .05 level, particularly in knowledge of sepak takraw and overall skill performance. 3) within the experimental group, post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores at the .05 level. The skill that showed the highest improvement was the inside-foot kick, followed by the knee, head, and instep skills, respectively. While the control group showed significant improvement in knowledge, there was no statistically significant difference in skill performance.

In conclusion, the STAD-based cooperative learning program developed by the researcher effectively enhanced learning outcomes in sepak takraw, especially in theoretical knowledge. However, it is recommended to extend the training period for skill development to achieve more noticeable improvements in practical performance.

Development of The Multi-Direction Agility Test in Sports: M-DATS

Tue, 28 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of the research was to develop the Multi-Direction Agility Test in Sports (M-DATS) for athletes. In this work, two conditions were established: agility with direction of movement predetermined (start on the left, start on the right), and agility with non-directional condition. Content validity was determined using index of consistency. Concurrent validity was determined using standardized agility tests. Reliability was determined using the test – retest method. Objectivity was assessed using two evaluators with 32 athletes, with 2 evaluators conducting the test. The results were analyzed by finding the Pearson correlation coefficient.

The results for the M-DATS showed content validity equal to 1. The concurrent validity of the researcher's test with the standard Arrowhead agility test was 0.780 on the left side and .756 on the right side, indicating a high level for both. The reliability coefficient was .847 for left-hand directional correlation coefficient, .926 for right-hand directional correlation coefficient, and .846 for undirected correlation coefficient, which were a high level for all test items. The objective correlation coefficients for the first directional test were left side .994, right side .995, and the undirected test .982. The second time, the left side was .993, the right side was .994, and the undirected side was .992, which were excellent level for all test items.

Conclusion: The Multi-Direction Agility Test in Sports developed by the researcher has content validity, concurrent validity, reliability, and objectivity and can be used to measure and evaluate the agility of athletes.

The Effects of Plyometric Training Together with Speed Training on Muscle Power, Speed and Agility of Flying Disc Players

Wasan Kanchanasuphan, Patcharee Tongkampanit — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research were to investigate and compare the effects of plyometric training combined with speed training on muscle power, speed, agility of flying disc players. The program of plyometric training combined with speed training was used as the research tool, the content validity of which was found at 0.83, examined by a panel of five experts and tried out with the flying disc players. The samples used in this research comprised 30 players aged between 18-24 years old, by systematic randomization. They were divided into two groups, the control group and the experimental group, each of which contained fifteen players. The control group was conducted with the traditional training program of Flying Disc Club, Sports Association of Suphan Buri Province. The experimental group was employed with the program of plyometric training combined with speed training. The muscle power, speed and agility of the samples were tested before training, after the fourth and the eighth weeks of training. The data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, t-test independent, analysis of variance with repeated measure, pair comparison with LSD method, at the significance level of 0.05

The findings revealed as follows: 1) the mean scores of muscle power and speed in the control group showed the slightly better trend after the eighth week of training while in the experimental group the slightly better trend was found after the fourth week of training and the obviously better trend appeared after the eighth week of training. The mean score of agility in the control group showed the slightly better trend after the fourth week of training; yet, the obviously better trend was found in the experimental group after the fourth week of training. 2) No significant difference of muscle power, speed and agility was found between the control group and the experimental group before training and after the fourth week of training while significant difference was found between the groups after the eighth week of training at the level of 0.05 3) Within the control group no significant difference of muscle power, speed and agility was found before training, after the fourth and the eighth weeks of training, while within the experimental group significant difference was found before training, after the fourth and the eighth weeks of training at the level of 0.05 4) No significant difference of muscle power, speed and agility in the experimental group was found between before training and after the fourth week of training; however, significant difference was found between before training and the eighth week of training, and between after the fourth week of training and after the eighth week of training at the level of 0.05

Physical Education Learning Management by using E-Learning to Improve Health Related Physical Fitness for Matthayomsuksa 4 students in the Physical Education and Communicative Language program and Communicative Language Major

Theppharat Khemphet, Marisa Ketkhaw — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research was to study physical education learning management by using e-Learning to improve health related physical fitness for Matthayomsuksa 4 students in the Physical Education and Communicative Language program and communicative language major. The sample was Matthayomsuksa 4 students in the Physical Education and Communicative Language program and communicative language major, that were selected by using purposive sampling. pre-test, and post-test. The research instruments included: 1) Physical education learning management by using E-Learning 2) Physical fitness standardized test included: 30 seconds modified push-ups, sit and reach, 60 seconds modified push ups, and 3 minutes step up and down. The data were analyzed by using mean, standard deviation, and paired sample t-test.

The major results revealed that: After using physical education learning management by using e-Learning, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance significantly improved at the .05 level. This indicates that by using e-learning to improve health related physical fitness for Matthayomsuksa 4 students in the Physical Education and Communicative Language program and communicative language major is effective and efficient that can be used in physical education learning management.

The Development of Sports Potential Promotion to Excellence Model of Thailand National Sports University

Jongrak Karam , Sirichai Sriprom , Tarin Kanlueng — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to investigate the components of promoting sports potential toward excellence, develop a comprehensive model to achieve this goal, and evaluate its feasibility at Thailand National Sports University. A mixed-method approach was employed, consisting of three phases: document analysis and expert interviews involving ten participants selected through purposive sampling; survey research for factor analysis conducted with 431 participants obtained through multi-stage sampling; and focus group discussions with seven experts also selected through purposive sampling. Research instruments included interview protocols, content analysis tables, and questionnaires, The content validity index (CVI) was 0.83, with data analyzed using statistical methods such as means, percentages, Cronbach's alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis.

Research results The findings identified seven key components of promoting sports potential: organizational management with four variables, policy implementation with seven variables, budget with seven variables, personnel with four variables, location and facilities with six variables, promotion of athlete potential with eight variables, and motivation with five variables. The confirmatory factor analysis validated the model's consistency with empirical data, and the model was deemed highly feasible and appropriate for implementation.

Training Curriculum to Enhance Classroom Research Design Competency for Physical Education Teachers

Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to develop a training curriculum to enhance classroom research design competencies for physical education teachers. The study was divided into three stages. The first stage review of the research literature on enhancing classroom research design in physical education to synthesize theoretical concepts for developing the training curriculum. The second stage was to create a training curriculum using the results of the needs assessment on physical education teachers' needs for physical education by applying a combined training model with systems thinking. The third stage was to examine the quality of the training curriculum which was evaluated by 5 experts. The evaluation consisted of 2 aspects which were 1) Evaluate the curriculum suitability using the curriculum suitability assessment form 2) Assess the consistency of the curriculum using a questionnaire with a scale for estimating 5 levels.

The results of the research found that the components of the training curriculum are as follows: 1. Principles and rationale of the training curriculum. 2.Objectives of the training curriculum 3. Training course content issues 4. Training activities 5. Media and learning resources for the training course 6.Training period 7. Assessment and Evaluation of the training curriculum and 8. There are 5 learning units used in the training: 1) Writing the importance and history of the problem. 2) Relevant theoretical concepts 3) Research operations 4) Data analysis 5) Summary of research results and discussion of results. Each unit consists of (1) main points (2) objectives (3) duration (4) training management process (5) media and learning resources (6) measurement and evaluation methods. The training period was 3 days. The result of the quality assessment of the developed training curriculum had a total mean of 4.42. Thus, it can be interpreted that the course was appropriate and the curriculum consistency index value of 0.93

Qualitative Evaluation for Basic Badminton Skills in University Students

Nopporn Tasnaina, Yurasin Wattanapayungkul, Parnisara Tasnaina — Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research and development project aimed to develop a qualitative assessment tool for basic badminton skills. A mixed-methods approach was used, including literature review, video analysis, field observation, expert interviews, focus group discussions, and field testing. The sample group consisted of 9 qualified experts who provided information for interviews to establish the framework and methodology for assessing fundamental badminton skills, 7 badminton experts who evaluated the quality of the assessment tool, 3 and 9 students in the small-group tryout, 32 students in the large-group tryout, totaling 44 students, and 140 students in the field testing group from 4 universities.

The research results indicated that the developed assessment tool possessed a validity score of 0.97, reliability of 0.92, objectivity of 0.95, difficulty index of 0.62, and discrimination index of 0.46. The scoring criteria for the total quality of the 14 fundamental badminton skills (total 70, average 38.49,and standard deviation 11.92) were established as follows: F = ≤ 20.72 points, D = 20.73 - 26.62 points, D+ = 26.63 - 32.52 points, C = 32.53 – 38.48 points, C+ = 38.49 - 44.46 points, B = 44.47 - 50.37 points, B+ = 50.38 - 56.38 points, and A = ≥ 56.39 points. Experts confirmed that the instrument is appropriate and can be effectively and practically used to qualitatively assess fundamental badminton skills in students at both school and university levels. Adaptation of the criteria should be considered for use with other groups of participants.

Conclusion: The developed qualitative assessment tool was accepted as good test criteria and was suitable for use in evaluation of basic badminton skills of university students It can also be adapted for the athletes and other groups by adjusting the criteria

Development of a Curriculum to Enhance the Capacity of Physical Activity Leaders in Elderly Health Care in Pong Saen Thong Subdistrict, Mueang District, Lampang Province

Mon, 04 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to: 1) examine the problems and approaches to enhancing the capacity of physical activity leaders in elderly health care, 2) develop and validate the curriculum to enhance the capacity of physical activity leaders in elderly health care, and 3) pilot the implementation of the curriculum to enhance the capacity of physical activity leaders in elderly health care. The key informants included 12 community members from Pong Saen Thong Subdistrict, Mueang District, Lampang Province; 7 experts recognized for their best practices; 5 experts for assessing the appropriateness and feasibility of the study; and 20 physical activity leaders. The research tools comprised interviews, focus group discussion questions, curriculum evaluation, activity evaluation, and leader capacity evaluation forms. The statistical methods used included percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

The research findings revealed that: 1) Issues and Development Approaches for Leaders: The key problems include a lack of knowledge and understanding, insufficient promotion of activities, lack of activity implementation, and poor communication with the elderly. Development approaches for leaders emphasize self-awareness, effective activity facilitation, and strong community engagement. 2) The Developed Curriculum: The curriculum aims to enhance the potential of leaders, focusing on practical implementation and community involvement. It consists of eight components: principles, objectives, target groups, activity structure, activity implementation, duration, media and learning resources, and assessment/evaluation. The curriculum was found to be highly appropriate and feasible overall. 3) Results of Curriculum Implementation: Physical activity leaders gained practical experience, leading to the creation of exercise programs that promote elderly health by integrating local arts and cultural elements. The overall potential of the physical activity leaders was rated at a high level overall.

A Development of Model Learning Loss Recovery for Teacher Training Experience Students Majors of Physical Education and Health Education of Kasetsart University

Sataporn Phakhunthod, Theeranan Tanphanich, Pinda Varasunun — Mon, 04 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to develop a model for learning loss recovery among teacher training experience students in the Physical Education and Health Education program at Kasetsart University. The sample consisted of 9 stakeholders, including 2 members of the teacher professional experience training center committee, 2 supervising instructors, 2 mentor or in-service teachers with experience in teaching Physical Education and Health Education, and 3 teacher training experience students in the Physical Education and Health Education program at Kasetsart University. The research instrument was an open-ended in-depth interview, with content validity ranging from 0.80 to 1.00. Data were analyzed using descriptive and narrative methods, along with visual representation.

The results revealed that the learning loss recovery model for teacher training experience students in the Physical Education and Health Education program at Kasetsart University consists of three main processes: (1) the conceptual framework, which includes input, process, and output used for model development; (2) learning outcomes, comprising five dimensions: personal characteristics, learning management in response to the policies of teacher education institutions and national policies, skills, knowledge, and Ethicss; and (3) the process for developing learning outcomes (PAHE), which aims to improve and develop learning loss and learning outcomes.

The Development of Balance Testing Instrument

Chatchai Jantai, Suppawan Vongsrangsap — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research was to develop a balance testing instrument with validity, reliability, and objectivity. The sample used to examine the quality of the developed instrument consisted of 60 football players from Klong Khon Academy, aged 13–18 years. The developed balance testing instrument was evaluated for its quality using face validity by determining the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) from five experts. Concurrent validity was examined by determining the relationship between the developed instrument and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Reliability was assessed using the test-retest method, and objectivity was also determined. The statistical analysis involved the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.

The results showed that the developed balance testing instrument had a face validity of 0.96, concurrent validity of 1.00, reliability of 1.00, and objectivity of 1.00. In conclusion, the developed balance testing instrument demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability and can be effectively used for balance assessment.

Comparison of the Effects of a Plyometric Training Program Combined with a Smart Ladder Training on Agility of Thailand League Futsal Athletes

Nopwichai Suksamrit, Juthamat Singchainara, Sombat Onsiri , Yodfa Meemanan — Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of a plyometric training program combined with a smart ladder on the agility of Thailand League futsal athletes before and after training. This study employed a quasi-experimental design. The population consisted of male futsal athletes from clubs participating in the highest professional futsal league in Thailand, organized by the Football Association of Thailand. The sample was selected using purposive sampling and then divided into two groups based on agility test rankings, with 10 participants in each group. The control group received plyometric training combined with ladder training along with regular futsal skill training, while the experimental group received only regular futsal skill training. The participants were 20 male futsal athletes from the Thai Army Club, aged 20–35 years. The instruments used in this study included: (1) a plyometric training program combined with a smart ladder, (2) an agility test, and (3) a smart ladder agility test. The training program was conducted three times per week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday), with each session lasting 150 minutes over a period of 8 weeks. The program was validated by five experts. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, one-way repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc comparisons, and independent samples t-test.

The results revealed that the agility performance of the two groups was significantly different at the .05 level. The comparison between the control and experimental groups indicated that the experimental group showed a greater reduction in agility test time than the control group. This suggests that the plyometric training program combined with a smart ladder effectively improves agility in Thai Army futsal athletes.

Health Risk Behaviors of Undergraduate Students of Chitlada Technology Institute

Thanet Maenin — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to (1) examine health risk behaviors and (2) investigate the relationship between personal factors and health risk behaviors among undergraduate students at Chitlada Technology Institute. The sample consisted of 323 students from the first to the fourth year. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the Chi-square test for examining relationships.

The results revealed that the majority of participants were male (56.00%), enrolled in the Faculty of Business Administration (37.20%), and in their first year of study (42.40%). Most participants lived with their parents (34.40%), had close friends who did not smoke (57.00%), had close friends who consumed alcohol (57.90%), and had close friends who encouraged them to exercise (57.60%). Regarding health risk behaviors, the participants demonstrated high-risk levels in dietary behaviors, physical activity and exercise, stress-related behaviors, and online media use. Moderate-risk levels were found in personal hygiene, alcohol consumption, smoking and substance use, driving and transportation behaviors, and sexual risk behaviors. Low-risk levels were observed in experiences of violence and aggression within the past year. The analysis of relationships indicated that gender, faculty, residence, and characteristics of close friends were significantly associated with health risk behaviors at the .05 level. It is recommended that the findings be applied in planning and implementing health promotion programs for students, with a focus on reducing key health risk behaviors such as dietary habits, physical activity, and stress management, in order to enhance students’ quality of life.

Development of a Recreational Game Leader Application Model to Promote Leadership Skills in Tourism and Sports Activities to Promote Leadership Skills in Tourism and Sports Activities

Thitaphat Ratsamee, Kanit Kheovichai , Wanwisa Bunmank — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to (1) develop a model for using a recreational game leader application to enhance leadership skills in tourism and sports activities, and (2) evaluate users’ satisfaction with the application. The research employed a research and development (R&D) approach. The sample consisted of 60 participants selected through multi-stage sampling, including (1) 30 fourth-year undergraduate students in tourism, sports, recreation, physical education, and related fields, and (2) 30 professionals working in tourism and sports sectors, such as tour guides, sports coaches, physical education teachers, recreation leaders, and training instructors, selected by purposive sampling. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with six experts, including two experts in tourism, two in sports and recreation, and two in media technology. The research instruments included the recreational game leader application and a satisfaction questionnaire validated by experts for content validity.

The results revealed that:

The developed application model consisted of five stages: (1) analysis, (2) development, (3) trial implementation, (4) application, and (5) evaluation and improvement. The application included a total of 70 activities, comprising 35 tourism-related games and 35 physical fitness and skill-related games, which were refined based on expert recommendations.
The satisfaction evaluation after a 6-week implementation showed that the overall satisfaction was at the highest level (mean = 4.59). When considering each aspect, the results indicated that satisfaction with the application (mean = 4.65), tourism games (mean = 4.53), physical fitness and skill-related games (mean = 4.54), and applicability (mean = 4.64) were all at the highest level. In conclusion, the developed recreational game leader application was effective and appropriate for enhancing leadership skills in tourism and sports activities.

The Impact of the Professional Sports Promotion Act, B.E. 2556 on the Operational Effectiveness of Professional Football Clubs in Thailand

Kasidit Noochan, Parinya Kwanmuangvanich — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to study the impact of the Professional Sports Promotion Act, B.E. 2556, on the operational efficiency of professional football clubs in Thailand, focusing on compliance with the Act and opportunities for improving management structures. This qualitative research employs in-depth interviews and document analysis to collect data from club executives, athletes, sponsors, and fans to understand the impact of the Act on various aspects of club operations.

The research findings reveal that the enforcement of the Professional Sports Promotion Act, B.E. 2556, contributes to enhancing operational efficiency in several areas, including sports success, financial management, fan engagement and support, brand building, and relationships with fans, organizational management efficiency, and legal compliance. These factors may affect the clubs' long-term operational capability.

Recommendations from this research include the need for reviewing and updating the Act to align with the current football business environment, as well as developing more efficient management and support systems. Additionally, promoting personnel training and networking between clubs and communities is essential to enhance sustainability and the long-term competitiveness of professional football clubs in Thailand.

The Effectiveness of Camera Positioning on Human Pose Estimation During Basketball Shooting Skill Performance

Chalum Sanguansak , Chayut Piromsombat — Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this research was to compare the effectiveness of camera positioning in extracting important features in estimating human poses while performing the free throw in basketball. The research subjects were two right-handed professional basketball players. The tool used to estimate human poses was MediaPipe, which estimated poses from 1,750 frames of videos. The animation data was collected while the subjects practiced basketball shooting skills through different camera positionsFive positions (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°), including 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°. Data were analyzed using F1-score, mean, and standard deviation

The results of the research found that:

1) The angle that was most effective in estimating human poses was Angle 2 (M = 0.96, S.D. = 0.10), and the angle that was least effective in estimating human poses was Angle 5 (M = 0.59, S.D. = 0.42).

2) The joints for which the system could extract important features the best were the right ankle, right waist, and right wrist because they had an F1-score value of 1. The joint for which the system was worst able to extract important features was the right index finger (M = 0.47, S.D. = 0.15), left index finger (M = 0.63, S.D. = 0.31), left elbow (M = 0.69, S.D. = 0.40), and left waist (M = 0.66, S.D. = 0.42), respectively.

3) The corner with the highest number of joints with F1-score values below the criteria was corner 5, which had a total of 7 joints that did not pass the criteria: left knee, left waist, left shoulder, left elbow, left wrist, left index finger, and right index finger.

Effects of Program Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Endurance of Kanchanapisek Wittayalai Chaiyaphum School’s Basketball Women Players

Wilailuk Nonphon, Natchanon Sungpook — Sat, 09 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of the study is to examine and compare the effects of interval training program on Cardiorespiratory Endurance of Kanchanapisek Wittayalai Chaiyaphum School’s Basketball Women Players. 15 female basketball players in the academic year 2024 from Kanchanapisek Wittayalai Chaiyaphum School were selected through the purposive sampling method.

The research instrument was Interval Training Program effecting on Cardiorespiratory Endurance (IOC) in range of 0.8 - 1.00. The sample group was practiced Interval Training Program for 8 weeks; 3 days per week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) from 5.00 PM to 6.00 PM and was graded the (20 m) Multistage Fitness Test (Beep Test) before training, in the fourth week after the program and in the eighth week after the program. Data were analyzed by using the one-way anova with repeated measure, mean, standard deviation, and the significant level at 0.05 was used in the study.

The study result showed that comparing the mean of Cardiorespiratory Endurance, there was a significant difference of the cardiorespiratory endurance before the training program, in the fourth week after the program, and in the eighth week after the program (Statistic significance at p<0.05). In summary, Interval Training Program affected the cardiorespiratory endurance of Kanchanapisek Wittayalai Chaiyaphum School’s Basketball Women Players and improve cardiorespiratory endurance to work more efficiently.

The The Effect of the Music Beat on Anxiety of Capability in Korfball Shooting

Siwakorn Chaithanakunmongkhon, Phichayavee Panurushthanon — Sat, 09 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examined the effects of musical rhythm on competitive anxiety and shooting performance in korfball athletes. Thirty members of the Thailand national korfball team were systematically matched and assigned to either an experimental group or a control group, with 15 athletes in each. The experimental group trained with musical rhythm integrated into their program, whereas the control group followed an otherwise identical training program without music. The intervention lasted eight weeks. Anxiety and self-confidence were assessed using the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R), and shooting performance was evaluated at weeks 4 and 8. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and independent t-tests. The results indicated that the experimental group achieved significantly greater improvements in shooting performance compared with the control group at both week 4 and week 8 (p < .05). In addition, analyses of competitive state anxiety revealed significant reductions in somatic and cognitive anxiety, together with enhanced self-confidence, among athletes in the experimental group. These findings suggest that incorporating musical rhythm into structured training programs can enhance both technical performance and psychological readiness. Consistent integration of music may therefore represent an effective strategy for improving skill execution, emotional regulation, and competitive performance.

The Development of the Sustainable Management Model and its Implementation on the Operation of Amateur Youth Football Clubs in Guangzhou

XIANG GAO, Kanit Kheovicha, Wanwisa Bungmark — Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Youth football in China is growing quickly, particularly in Guangzhou, a city that is well-developed both economically and athletically. This has brought attention to the need for an efficient management model to enhance the performance of amateur youth football clubs. In light of the growing public interest in youth sports, this research develops PLACE Model utilizing SWOT analysis, based on the GROW Model and 4M Management Theory. The objective is to address the current state of amateur youth football club operations in Guangzhou and to support the clubs' sustainable and effective growth. In order to achieve this, the study uses the R&D research method, which gathers and analyzes important data through surveys and interviews with managers, coaches, and consumers of amateur youth football clubs in Guangzhou, this study integrates the GROW model and 4M management theory with SWOT analysis and then creates and assesses the PLACE Model. The PLACE Model is a comprehensive with five factors follow by Parental support, Love of youth for football, Amenities and facilities, Coaches' comprehensive level, and Economic environment five factors and applies it to the operation of amateur youth football clubs in Guangzhou. Results of the research found that, the high feasibility of implementing the PLACE Model in Guangzhou's amateur youth football clubs, PLACE model trends to support in the field of management, and guides to policymakers and fosters sustainable development in operation of amateur youth football clubs.