A Comparison of Swimming Anxiety Between Backstroke and Front Crawl Instruction in Early Elementary School Students
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Abstract
This research aimed to compare swimming anxiety between two different instructional approaches—backstroke and front crawl—among early primary school students. The sample consisted of 32 third-grade students, divided into an experimental group (16 students) and a control group (16 students). The study employed a quasi-experimental research design over a 10-week period. The experimental group received instruction in the backstroke, while the control group was taught the front crawl. Research instruments included lesson plans for teaching backstroke and front crawl swimming, as well as a swimming anxiety assessment tool. Data were analyzed using Paired-Samples t-tests for within-group comparisons and Independent-Samples t-tests for between-group comparisons.
The results showed no statistically significant difference in swimming anxiety between the experimental and control groups (p > .05) both before and after the intervention. The average pre-test anxiety score for the experimental group was 27 (S.D. = 6.491), which decreased to 20.13 (S.D. = 3.612) after the instruction. For the control group, the average pre-test anxiety score was 31.125 (S.D. = 9.535), which decreased to 20.75 (S.D. = 4.171) after the instruction. However, within each group, swimming anxiety levels significantly decreased compared to the pre-test scores (p < .05).
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ความคิด ข้อวิพากษ์ในวารสารเป้นสิทธิของผู้เขียน สมาคมสุขศึกษา พลศึกษา และสันทนาการแห่งประเทศไทยไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นชอบด้วยเสมอไป เพื่อให้เกิดความหลากหลายในความคิดและความสร้างสรรค์
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