การศึกษารัฐวิสาหกิจไทยด้วยหน่วยทางธุรกิจภายใต้ข้อเสนอของนักเศรษฐศาสตร์องค์การ
คำสำคัญ:
ทฤษฎีเศรษฐศาสตร์องค์การ, ทฤษฎีหน่วยทางธุรกิจ ต้นทุนธุรกรรมการดำเนินงาน, ตัวการตัวแทน, รัฐวิสาหกิจไทยบทคัดย่อ
การศึกษาองค์การรัฐวิสาหกิจไทยในอดีตโดยมากมักเป็นการศึกษาผ่านกรอบแนวคิดและกระบวนทัศน์ของระบบราชการและระบบขนาดใหญ่ ซึ่งได้รับอิทธิพลและแนวคิดจากทฤษฎีระบบ (System Theory) เป็นสำคัญ จึงส่งผลให้รัฐวิสาหกิจไทยถูกวัดประสิทธิภาพและประสิทธิผลจากการดำเนินงานและผลประกอบการแต่เพียงมิติเดียว จนนำไปสู่วาทกรรมที่กล่าวถึงรัฐวิสาหกิจไทยว่าเป็นองค์การขนาดใหญ่แต่ไร้ศักยภาพ ขาดความคล่องตัว เพราะฉะนั้น บทความฉบับนี้จึงมุ่งศึกษารัฐวิสาหกิจไทยในยุคปัจจุบันผ่านมุมมองของนักเศรษฐศาสตร์องค์การ ซึ่งประกอบไปด้วยทฤษฎีหน่วยทางธุรกิจ (Theory of The Firm) ต้นทุนธุรกรรมการดำเนินงาน (Transaction Cost) และต้นทุนตัวการตัวแทน (Agency Cost) เพื่ออธิบายถึงรัฐวิสาหกิจไทยในฐานะหน่วยทางธุรกิจ ที่มีความสามารถในการดำเนินธุรกรรมและประสานผลประโยชน์ระหว่างตัวการตัวแทน อันจะนำไปสู่การสร้างกำไรจากผลประกอบการ หรืออย่างน้อยที่สุดก็ต้องไม่ประสบกับภาวะขาดทุน จนต้องพึ่งพาการอุดหนุนและงบประมาณจากภาครัฐ รวมไปถึงการมีจริยธรรมในทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ ซึ่งจะส่งผลให้เกิดธรรมาภิบาลขึ้นในทุกภาคส่วน ทั้งภายนอกและภายในองค์การ
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