Journal for Developing the Social and Community

Problems and traffic impacts from floating population in Pattaya

2025-05-10T19:52:35+07:00

Background and Objectives: Floating population is a major obstacle to the development of the quality of public services, especially in solving traffic congestion problems in big cities, including Pattaya, which is an important economic and tourism center of the country. As a result, many floating populations migrate to work in the area. This study, therefore, aims to study the number and distribution of floating populations and study travel patterns, problems, and traffic impacts from travel of floating populations.

Research Methodology: This research used a quantitative research method by counting the number of vehicles traveling through 6 points into Pattaya City between 6:30 - 8:30 a.m. and between 4:30 - 6:30 p.m. and using a questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 900 establishments/agencies with a hidden population working there. Statistics, frequency distributions, percentages, and maps showing the number and distribution were used to analyze the data.

Research results: The floating population in Pattaya City is 459,847 people, an increase of 68,308 people from the survey in 2023. Most of the floating population is daytime floating population, accounting for 59.14 percent, while the nighttime floating population is 40.86 percent. The distribution of the floating population is densest in Survey Area 3 and Survey Area 4, which are located in the south. The study results of the direction and routes with heavy traffic from the counting of vehicles traveling into Pattaya City, there are 6 points, consistent with the problems and impacts of traffic congestion both in the morning and evening on Sukhumvit Road and the route connecting the east and west sides of Pattaya City, especially in areas that are intersections.

Conclusion: The floating population in Pattaya City is 459,847 people, an increase of 68,308 people from the survey in 2023. As a result of the large floating population in the area, traffic congestion occurs both in the morning and evening on Sukhumvit Road, the connecting route on the east and west sides of Pattaya City, and the area that is the intersection.

A Study on the Creation of Chinese Contemporary Dance Inspired by the Qiang Ethnic Dance Culture in Northern Sichuan

2025-04-10T19:23:59+07:00

Background and Aims: The Qiang ethnic minority of Northern Sichuan, China, possesses a rich tradition of dance practices that embody spiritual, ritualistic, and social meanings. However, these traditions remain underrepresented in contemporary artistic discourse. This study aims to investigate the traditional dance forms of the Qiang people and reinterpret them through the creation of a contemporary Chinese dance work, XiangYun, employing participatory dance culture management principles to ensure cultural sustainability and ethical engagement.

Methodology: The research adopted a qualitative, practice-led approach integrating ethnographic fieldwork, semi-structured interviews, and collaborative choreographic workshops. Thematic content analysis was employed to interpret cultural and choreographic data, while descriptive statistics were used to analyze audience feedback. Community members were actively engaged as co-creators throughout the artistic development process.

Results: The study identified three principal Qiang dance forms: Wu, Sacrifice, and Guozhuang, each with distinct ritualistic and communal functions. The co-creation process led to the development of XiangYun, incorporating traditional motifs into contemporary aesthetics. Audience evaluations indicated strong perceptions of cultural authenticity (95%) and emotional engagement (90%), affirming the effectiveness of participatory methodologies in sustaining intangible cultural heritage.

Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that participatory, practice-led approaches can foster culturally sensitive and innovative reinterpretations of traditional dance. Collaborative engagement with community members not only enhances artistic authenticity but also supports the sustainable transmission of cultural knowledge. This research highlights the potential of participatory frameworks to bridge tradition and innovation within contemporary dance practices.

Development of the AIRIE Learning Model Based on Active Learning Approach to Enhance Learning and Innovation Skills in Earth and Space Science for Grade 12 Students at Suranaree Wittaya 2 School

2025-05-13T14:23:25+07:00

Background and Aims: This research aims to develop the AIRIE learning management model to promote 21st-century learning skills, particularly learning and innovation skills, in the Earth and Space Science course. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1.To determine the effectiveness of the AIRIE learning management model in promoting 21st-century learning and innovation skills in the Earth and Space Science course based on the 80/80 criterion. 2.To examine the outcomes of implementing the AIRIE learning management model in enhancing 21^st century learning and innovation skills in the Earth and Space Science course, through the following sub-objectives: 2.1 To compare students’ learning achievement in learning and innovation skills before and after using the AIRIE learning model in Unit 3: Weather and Climate, in the Earth and Space Science subject. 2.2 To evaluate students’ learning and innovation skills after participating in learning activities based on the AIRIE model in the Earth and Space Science subject.

2.3 To investigate students’ satisfaction with the AIRIE learning management model in promoting 21st-century learning and innovation skills in the Earth and Space Science subject.

Methodology: The research was conducted in three phases:
Phase 1 involved the development of the AIRIE learning management model.
Phase 2 consisted of quality verification and model improvement.
Phase 3 focused on the implementation and evaluation of the model’s effectiveness.

The sample group comprised one class of 36 students enrolled in the Earth and Space Science course at Suranaree Wittaya 2 School during the second semester of the academic year 2024. The sample was selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments included: 1) A set of 20 instructional plans for Unit 3: Weather and Climate, covering 20 class periods, along with a user manual for implementing the AIRIE learning management model. 2) A 30-item pre-test and post-test on students’ learning achievement for Unit 3: Weather and Climate. 3) A 24-item assessment form evaluating students’ learning and innovation skills. 4) A 15-item questionnaire measuring students’ satisfaction with the AIRIE learning model. Data were analyzed as follows:

The effectiveness of the AIRIE learning management model was determined.
Learning achievement before and after instruction was compared using a t-test.
The percentage scores from the learning and innovation skills assessment were calculated.
Students’ satisfaction with the learning model was analyzed using the mean (X̄) and standard deviation (SD), and results were compared against the predefined criteria.

Results: 1. The AIRIE learning management model designed to enhance 21st-century learning and innovation skills in the Earth and Space Science course demonstrated an effectiveness score of 85.65/80.17, which exceeds the established criterion. 2.The students’ learning achievement after receiving instruction through the AIRIE learning model was significantly higher than before the instruction, at the .05 level of statistical significance. 3. After implementing the instructional plans based on the AIRIE learning model, the students’ assessed performance in learning and innovation skills significantly improved. 100% of students achieved performance at a level classified as “good” or higher, which surpassed the predetermined standard. 4.Students who learned through the AIRIE model expressed the highest level of overall satisfaction. The top three aspects with the highest mean scores were: Encouragement for students to express ideas and design innovations (X̄ = 4.87) Use of diverse teaching techniques appropriate to learning activities (X̄ = 4.85) Promotion of effective student collaboration (X̄ = 4.85) Support for students in developing communication skills to present their ideas to others (X̄ = 4.84)

Conclusion: The findings revealed that the AIRIE learning management model achieved an effectiveness score of 85.65/80.17. When implemented to promote 21st-century learning and innovation skills, the model led to a statistically significant improvement (p < .01) in students’ academic achievement in the Earth and Space Science subject. Furthermore, 100% of the students showed improvement in learning and innovation skills, reaching a performance level classified as “good” or higher. Students also reported the highest level of overall satisfaction with the AIRIE learning model.

Development of active learning activities that affect the learning achievement in science on the topic of the Sun and Earth's phenomena of Grade 3

2025-05-06T15:20:13+07:00

Background and Aims: Science plays a very important role in the present. In organizing learning activities in science and technology subject, teachers must use various learning management techniques to make learners interested in learning, to enable learners to think and do, and to apply the knowledge gained to be beneficial. This research aims to 1) develop an active learning activity on the topic of the sun and world phenomena that affects the learning achievement of grade 3 students to be effective according to the criteria of 75/75, 2) compare the learning achievement in science of grade 3 students using active learning activities before and after learning, and 3) study the satisfaction of grade 3 students towards the organization of active learning activities.

Methodology: The sample group is 41 grade 3/4 students in the second semester of the academic year 2024, Mahasarakham Kindergarten School, under the Mahasarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, which was obtained from cluster random sampling by using the classroom as the unit of sampling. Research instruments 1) Learning management plans, 12 plans, totaling 12 hours 2) A set of multiple choice test questions, 30 questions, used as a pre-test and post-test. 3) Student satisfaction questionnaires on learning using active learning activities on the topic of the Sun and Earth's phenomena in grade 3, using a 3-level rating scale, 10 questions.

Results: 1) The learning activities organized by using active learning activities on the topic of the sun and the world's phenomena for the third grade primary school students were effective (E1/E2) which was equal to 92.51/81.63, which was higher than the specified criteria of 75/75. 2) The third grade primary school students who studied using active learning activities on the topic of the sun and the world's phenomena had higher learning achievement after studying than before studying with statistical significance at the level of .05. 3) The third grade primary school students had overall satisfaction with the learning activities organized by using active learning activities on the topic of the sun and the world's phenomena at a high level

Conclusion: The development of active learning activities that have an effect on the learning achievement in science on the topic of the Sun and Earth's phenomena of Grade 3 primary school students effectively and can also be used to develop learners at higher levels.

Effects of Utilizing Design Thinking to Develop a Small Book River of Morality

2025-04-21T14:49:27+07:00

Background and Aims: Increasing students' reading proficiency is a significant challenge for the Thai education system, which must improve all students' PBTS or PISA reading test scores to meet the required threshold. This research, therefore, has two main objectives: 1) to develop A Small Book River of Morality using the design thinking process and 2) to evaluate students' satisfaction after reading A Small Book River of Morality, which was developed using the design thinking process.

Methodology: This research used mixed methods research and was done using a style called concurrent transformative. There were 29 people who helped in the research. This group had 9 experts who checked the quality of the learning materials and 20 students who tried using the materials. The students were chosen by away called probability sampling using steps called multi-stage sampling. The research instruments included a quality assessment form for A Small Book River of Morality, developed using the design thinking process, and a student satisfaction assessment form regarding A Small Book River of Morality. The statistical methods used for data analysis were mean and standard deviation.

Results: 1) The quality assessment of A Small Book generated using the design thinking method yielded an overall average of 4.37 (S.D. 0.20), which can be viewed as highly appropriate. 2) The findings of student satisfaction with A Small Book generated through the design thinking process were equivalent to the overall average of 2.21 (S.D. 0.49), which can be considered as reasonably satisfactory.

Conclusion: The design thinking process can effectively facilitate the creation of booklets that promote reading skills and foster positive reading habits. Moreover, it contributes to enhanced user satisfaction, as the process is characterized by its systematic problem-solving approach, which aims to maximize benefits while ensuring both the creators’ and users’ engagement and satisfaction with the innovation.

Causal Factors Affecting the Financial Adequacy of Employed Person in Pre-Retirement Age in the Northeast

2025-05-16T11:36:25+07:00

Background and Aims: The financial adequacy of pre-retirement working individuals is influenced by several key factors, including income, consistent saving patterns, and financial behaviors that affect spending and investment decisions. Additionally, labor market stability, government welfare, and debt obligations are significant variables that determine an individual's ability to prepare financially for retirement. Without proper financial planning, there is a risk of facing financial insufficiency in the future. This study aims to: (1) develop a causal model of factors affecting financial adequacy among pre-retirement working individuals; (2) analyze the direct influence of causal factors on financial behavior; and (3) examine the indirect influence of causal factors on financial adequacy through financial behavior as a mediating variable.

Methodology: This research is a quantitative study. The sample group consisted of 456 employed individuals who are insured under Article 33 (compulsory section) of the Social Security System in the Northeastern region of Thailand. A two-stage sampling method was used, which included purposive non-probability sampling followed by stratified probability sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The statistical methods used included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics for developing a structural equation model and conducting confirmatory factor analysis. The study also involved model analysis and an assessment of model fit.

Results: 1) The developed model demonstrated a good fit with the empirical data, indicating that the causal model of factors influencing financial adequacy appropriately explains the relationships among the relevant variables. 2) Financial literacy has a significant direct influence on financial behavior. Financial attitude also shows a significant direct influence on financial behavior. Additionally, motivation for financial planning toward retirement has a direct effect as well. And 3) Financial literacy indirectly influences financial adequacy through financial behavior. Likewise, financial attitude has an indirect influence, and motivation for planning also indirectly affects financial adequacy. Meanwhile, financial behavior itself has a significant direct influence on financial adequacy.

Conclusion: Good financial behavior leads to financial adequacy. Such behavior is influenced by psychological factors, economic conditions, and socialization factors. Therefore, the government should place importance on promoting adequate income levels for working individuals, including setting appropriate minimum wages that are sufficient to meet daily living expenses. Moreover, it is essential to enhance access to diverse financial resources in ways that do not create excessive debt burdens. Additionally, efforts should be made to encourage pre-retirement workers to develop self-awareness regarding their financial capabilities, foster satisfaction with saving, and build confidence in their financial decisions. These actions will contribute to better financial behavior and ultimately lead to appropriate levels of financial adequacy.

Development of Active Science Learning Activities to Promote Academic Achievement of First-Year Students

2025-05-06T15:17:21+07:00

Background and Aims: Science plays a very important role in society, both in the present and the future, both in daily life and in work. It helps create knowledge and understanding about many natural phenomena, resulting in important technological developments. This research aims to 1) study the efficiency of active science learning activities about objects and materials that promote academic achievement of first grade students to be efficient according to the criteria of 75/75, 2) compare the academic achievement of students before and after studying, and 3) study the satisfaction of students with learning activities.

Methodology: The sample group used in the research was 33 students in Grade 1/5 of Mahasarakham Kindergarten School, Mahasarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, second semester of academic year 2024, which were obtained by cluster random sampling using the classroom as the random unit. The research instruments were: 1) 12 learning management plans, 2) Science achievement test, 3) Satisfaction questionnaire.

Results: 1) The active science learning activities about objects and materials of the first grade primary school students had an efficiency of 89.38/81.41, which was higher than the specified criteria. 2) The students had a significantly higher academic achievement after learning than before learning at a statistical level of .05. 3) The students had a high level of overall satisfaction.

Conclusion: Active learning activities have an effect on the achievement in science on the topic of objects and materials of primary school students in grade 1. They are effective and can be used to develop learners to have higher levels of achievement.

The Strategies for Developing Creative Leadership of School Administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office 9

2025-06-06T09:35:00+07:00

Background and Aims: In an era where education is rapidly evolving, school administrators must possess creative leadership to drive their organizations forward, keep pace with change, foster innovation, and sustainably improve educational quality. The objectives of this research are: 1) to study the current and desired states of creative leadership among school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office 9; 2) to develop strategies for enhancing creative leadership among school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office 9; and 3) to evaluate the developed strategies for creative leadership of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office 9.

Methodology: This research employed a mixed-methods approach, including both quantitative and qualitative research. For the quantitative research, the sample group consisted of 341 school administrators and teachers from schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office 9. The sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, and stratified random sampling was applied, followed by simple random sampling using the lottery method. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and the statistics used included mean and standard deviation. For the qualitative research, content analysis was conducted based on the research objectives. The key informants included school administrators, academic experts, and university lecturers, totaling 9 persons, selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was an interview form, and the statistics used included the median and interquartile range.

Results: 1) The current state of creative leadership among school administrators was at a moderate level ( = 3.29, S.D. = 0.75), while the desired state was at the highest level ( = 4.56, S.D. = 0.52). 2) The strategies for developing creative leadership among school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office 9 consisted of five key strategic areas: (1) Flexibility, (2) Vision, (3) Creativity, (4) Teamwork, and (5) Individual consideration. Each strategy included four operational measures, totaling 20 measures overall. 3) The evaluation results of the strategies indicated a high level of appropriateness (= 4.48, S.D. = 0.56) and the highest level of feasibility for implementation ( = 4.52, S.D. = 0.53).

Conclusion: School administrators still need to be further supported in developing creative leadership in order to effectively respond to the rapid changes of the modern era. The developed strategies are comprehensive, covering creativity, vision, and collaboration, and have been evaluated as appropriate and practically applicable within the educational context.

Factors Affecting on Growth Mindset of university students in China

2025-06-26T10:27:46+07:00

Background and Aims: In China, traditional education models often emphasize grades and rankings, which can easily lead students to develop a fixed mindset, limiting their potential and leading to negative emotions or giving up when facing setbacks. This study aims to investigate the influence of grit, optimism, school climate, peer influence, teacher mindset beliefs on the growth mindset of university students in China.

Methodology: This study employed a questionnaire survey, with a total of 350 students invited to complete the questionnaire. Conclusions were drawn through correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis

Results: (1) All Independent variables showed significant positive correlations with growth mindset: grit (r=.661, p<.01), optimism (r=.604, p<.01), school climate (r=.639, p<.01), peer influence (r=.619, p<.01), and teachers' mindset belief (r=.705, p<.01); (2) Three significant predictors of students’ growth mindset were identified: teacher mindset beliefs (p < 0.001), optimism (p < 0.001), and grit (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is recommended to implement strategies that foster the development of students’ growth mindset by enhancing grit and optimism, and by strengthening teachers’ own mindset beliefs to positively influence students.

Development of active learning activities that promote drawing and coloring skills of primary school students in grade 1

2025-05-28T15:51:01+07:00

Background and Aims: Art plays an important role in promoting learning and the potential of children and youth, especially in expressing emotions, feelings, thoughts, imagination, and creating various activities. This research aimed to 1) study the effectiveness of active learning activities that promoted drawing and coloring abilities of first grade primary school students according to the 80/80 criterion, 2) compare students' drawing and coloring abilities with the 80 percent criterion, and 3) study students' satisfaction with learning activities.

Methodology: The sample group used in the research was 29 students in Grade 1/9, Mahasarakham Kindergarten School, Mahasarakham Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, 2nd semester, academic year 2024, 1 room, which was obtained by cluster random sampling using the classroom as the random unit. The research instruments were 1) 12 learning management plans, 2) ability assessment form, 3) satisfaction questionnaire.

Results: 1) Active learning activities that promote drawing and coloring ability of first grade students have an efficiency of 92.46/94.64, which is higher than the specified criteria. 2) Students who studied with active learning activities were compared to each other. Their drawing and coloring ability after studying was higher than the criteria of 80 percent with statistical significance at the .05 level. 3) Students had overall satisfaction with learning activities at a high level.

Conclusion: Active learning activities that promote drawing and coloring skills of first grade primary school students are effective and can be applied to develop learners at higher levels.

Task-Based Learning to Promote English Speaking Ability of Grade 2 Students

2025-06-27T17:31:48+07:00

Background and Aims: English speaking is considered an essential skill at the international level. Many countries, including Thailand, have recognized its importance by incorporating English into the curriculum, starting with early childhood education. Although students have continuously studied English, many still struggle with using the language in real communication. Therefore, the researcher adopted a Task-Based Learning (TBL) approach to enhance students’ English-speaking ability more effectively. The purpose of this research was to 1) study the effectiveness of task-based learning activities for 2nd grade students according to the 75/75 efficiency criterion, 2) compare the English speaking ability of Grade 2 students before and after learning through
task-based learning management, and 3) study the satisfaction of Grade 2 students with the task-based learning activities.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of 15 Grade 2 students in the second semester of the academic year 2024 at Kham Riang Khiab Non Sabaeng Don Man School, Mahasarakham Province. The sample was obtained by using a cluster random sampling method. The research instruments were 1) task-based learning lesson plans,
2) assessment of English speaking ability, and 3) a student satisfaction questionnaire regarding Task-based learning activities. The statistical methods used for data analysis included percentage, mean, standard deviation, and a dependent t-test.

Results: 1) Task-based learning activities designed to promote English speaking ability had an efficiency value of 81.77/80.28, which was higher than the predetermined criteria, 2) the students who received task-based learning instruction demonstrated significantly higher English speaking ability after the learning, at the .05 level of statistical significance, and 3) the overall level of student satisfaction with the task-based learning activities was high. (= 2.71, = 0.50).

Conclusion: Task-Based Learning effectively enhances the English speaking ability
of Grade 2 students and can be suitably applied to develop learners at higher grade levels.

The Development of Activity-Based Learning Management to Enhance Communicative English Speaking Ability of Grade 5 Students

2025-06-26T10:23:44+07:00

Background and Aims: English is an essential tool in current global society for communication purposes, as it has been recognized as a global language. It comprises four core skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Among these, speaking is a crucial skill that enables individuals to communicate immediately and effectively with others by organizing their thoughts and conveying them through the appropriate use of vocabulary and grammatical structures. Therefore, communicative speaking ability is vital for effective communication in daily life. The purpose of this research is to 1) study the effectiveness of the activity-based learning management that enhances communicative English speaking ability for fifth grade students to meet the efficiency criteria of 75/75,
2) compare communicative English speaking skill of fifth grade students before and after using the activity-based learning management, and 3) study the satisfaction of fifth grade students toward the activity-based learning activities.

Methodology: The sample group consists of 20 fifth-grade students in the second semester of the academic year 2024 at Kham Riang Khiab Non Sabaeng Don Man School in Mahasarakham Province, who were acquired by the cluster random sampling method. The research instruments were 1) lesson plans of activity-based learning management, 2) a test of communicative English speaking ability, and 3) a student satisfaction questionnaire regarding activity-based learning management. In data analysis including percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test were utilized.

Results: 1) the activities of activity-based learning management that enhance communicative English speaking ability has an efficiency value of 84.61/79.38, which was higher than the predetermined criteria, 2) the communicative English speaking ability of students after using activity-based learning management were higher than before learning at a statistical significance of .05 level, and 3) the overall level of student satisfaction toward the activity-based learning activities was at the highest (= 4.67, = 0.49).

Conclusion: The development of activity-based learning management effectively enhances English communicative speaking ability of fifth grade students since learning activities improve English speaking skill of the students, increase their understanding of lesson content, and provide opportunities to practice communicative English speaking. Moreover, students enjoy activity-based learning as it allows them to take a more active role in their own learning process.

Development of Learning Activities Using the 5W1H Technique to Enhance Thai Reading Comprehension Ability of Grade 5 Students

2025-06-29T19:11:02+07:00

Background and Aims: Thai is the national language, representing independence, culture, and serving as a cru cial communication tool for Thai people. Thai language proficiency is a fundamental and essential skill for Thais to acquire knowledge across all disciplines. It enables effective and efficient communication with others and facilitates proficient use of communication technology. Research Objectives 1) To develop learning activities using the 5W1H technique that promotes reading comprehension for Grade 5 students to achieve 80/80 effectiveness. 2) To compare Grade 5 students Thai reading comprehension ability after learning with the 5W1H technique activities against the 80 percent criterion, and 3) To study students' satisfaction with the learning activities using the 5W1H technique.

Methodology: The research sample consisted of 18 students from Class 5/1 at Rajabhat Mahasarakham University Demonstration School. This school operates under the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI). The sample was selected during the second semester of the 2024 academic year using cluster random sampling. The research instruments used were learning management plans, a multiple-choice reading comprehension test, and a satisfaction questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis included percentages, means, standard deviations, and hypothesis testing with a t-test.

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1) The learning activities using the 5W1H technique to enhance reading comprehension for fifth-grade students achieved an efficiency of 83.40/84.44, which was higher than the set criterion. 2) Students'
post-learning reading comprehension ability was significantly higher than the 80% criterion at the .05 statistical level. 3) Students' overall satisfaction with the 5W1H learning activities was at the highest level.

Conclusion: The development of learning activities using the 5W1H technique effectively improves Thai reading comprehension ability in grade 5 students and can be applied to further student development.

Development of Learning Activities Using the 5W1H Technique Combined with Skill Exercises to Enhance Reading Comprehension Ability for Prathom Suksa 6 Students

2025-07-07T10:30:32+07:00

Background and Aims: Thai language is the national language and a vital tool for communication that fosters mutual understanding in society. It also serves as a medium for learning and accessing knowledge from various sources. This research aimed to
1) study the effectiveness of learning activities using the 5W1H technique combined with skill-based worksheets for Grade 6 students based on the 80/80 criterion, 2) compare the Thai reading comprehension abilities of Grade 6 students before and after learning through the 5W1H technique integrated with skill-based worksheets, and 3) examine students’ satisfaction with the learning activities.

Methodology: The sample group consisted of 30 Grade 6/4 students from the second semester of the 2024 academic year at Kalasin Kindergarten School. The sample was selected using cluster random sampling, with the classroom as the sampling unit.
The research instruments included 1) four lesson plans integrating the 5W1H technique with skill-based worksheets, with a total instructional time of 12 hours, 2) a reading comprehension test with 20 multiple-choice questions, and 3) a student satisfaction questionnaire.

Results: 1) The learning activities using the 5W1H technique combined with skill-based worksheets demonstrated an effectiveness of E1/E2 = 91.92/87.83, which exceeded the set criterion of 80/80, 2) students’ reading comprehension abilities after instruction were significantly higher than before instruction at the .05 level, and 3) students’ overall satisfaction with the learning activities was at a high level (= 4.85, S.D. = 0.34).

Conclusion: The development of learning activities using the 5W1H technique in conjunction with skill-based worksheets effectively enhances the reading comprehension abilities of Grade 6 students and contributes to meaningful learning outcomes.

Effects of a 12-Week Structured Badminton Training Program on Agility, Psychological Confidence, and Body Composition Among Obese Junior High School Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2025-07-13T15:48:09+07:00

Background and Aim: Adolescent obesity significantly impacts both physical health
and psychological well-being, often leading to reduced agility, impaired self-confidence, and limited engagement in physical activities. Based on self-efficacy and self-esteem theories, this study aimed to investigate the impact of a structured badminton training program on agility, psychological confidence, and body composition in obese junior high school students.

Materials and Methods: Forty obese students aged 12–14 years were recruited
and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). The experimental group participated in a structured 12-week badminton training program, conducted three times per week, incorporating agility-focused exercises
and progressive skill training, while the control group continued routine school activities without additional interventions. Agility was measured using T-shaped run and
cross-quadrant jump tests; psychological confidence was assessed via a standardized psychological confidence scale; body composition indicators included BMI, body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio. Data analysis employed paired-sample and independent-sample t-tests.

Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in agility, psychological confidence, and body composition compared to the control group
(p<0.01). Specifically, the intervention notably enhanced agility performance, psychological confidence, and resulted in positive changes in body composition measures.

Conclusion: The structured badminton training significantly improved agility, psychological confidence, and body composition among obese adolescents, supporting the applicability of self-efficacy and self-esteem frameworks. This study emphasizes the value of integrating theoretically informed, structured physical training into school curricula to address adolescent obesity holistically.