Journal for Developing the Social and Community

Teacher Spirituality and the Enhancement of Educational Quality in Primary Education

Punlop Khongnurat — 2026-09-22

Background and Objectives: Developing the spirit of teacherhood should be promoted through teacher education programs and educational policies to cultivate teachers who possess comprehensive knowledge, professional competence, and a strong spirit of teacherhood. Such development is expected to contribute to the sustainable enhancement of the quality of Thai education in the future. This academic article aims to present the concepts and significance of the spirit of teacherhood and to analyze the relationship between the spirit of teacherhood and the enhancement of educational quality at the primary education level.

Methodology: This study employed a documentary analysis and thematic synthesis approach. Teachers play a crucial role in shaping the learning environment, cultivating learners’ attitudes and core values, and serving as role models in their daily lives. Therefore, integrating the spirit of teacherhood into learning management and professional teacher development is essential for improving the overall quality of education. For primary school teachers, the spirit of teacherhood is a professional virtue that must be both cultivated and sustained. Cultivating the spirit of teacherhood involves earning learners’ respect and trust while constructing meaningful knowledge and learning experiences that promote students’ intellectual growth and holistic development.

Results: Cultivating respect requires teachers to serve as exemplary role models in both conduct and professional practice. Building trust involves fostering learners’ confidence in teachers through integrity, responsibility, and consistent professional behavior. Constructing knowledge refers to designing meaningful learning experiences that enable learners to recognize teachers’ expertise and support their own learning potential. Sustaining the spirit of teacherhood requires teachers to preserve compassion by providing continuous care and guidance for learners, as well as maintaining a spirit of self-sacrifice by dedicating themselves to students’ well-being despite challenges or difficulties. The spirit of teacherhood is therefore an indispensable foundation for enhancing educational quality at the primary education level. Contemporary teachers must continuously internalize professional values and adapt their instructional practices to meet the developmental needs of primary school learners while responding effectively to generational changes and diverse learning contexts.

Conclusion: The spirit of teacherhood is a fundamental factor in promoting and sustaining educational quality, particularly at the primary education level. It encompasses the meaning, significance, essential components, and core professional roles that deeply shape the identity of primary school teachers. Furthermore, strengthening the spirit of teacherhood through systematic professional development is a vital approach to enhancing educational quality, fostering learners’ holistic development, and supporting the long-term advancement of primary education.

Contemporary Muay Thai Performing Arts under the Concept of the Artistic Power of Navayudha

Suteerapong Pinitpol — 2026-09-22

Background and Aims: This qualitative study aimed to: 1) examine and synthesize knowledge on Keeta Muay Thai and Na Ta Muay Thai in physical, aesthetic, and cultural dimensions; 2) analyze the relationships and distinctions between Keeta Muay Thai and Na Ta Muay Thai as contemporary applications of Muay Thai; and 3) develop a conceptual framework of Contemporary Muay Thai Performing Arts under the concept of the Artistic Power of Navayudha.

Methodology: The study employed documentary research and knowledge synthesis. Data sources included academic articles, research reports, dissertations, books, government documents, and relevant academic materials retrieved from ThaiJO/TCI, Google Scholar, thesis databases, and official websites. The documents covered the period from 1997 to 2024. Key documents were collected and selected according to relevance, credibility, and alignment with the research objectives.

Results: The findings reveal that Keeta Muay Thai and Na Ta Muay Thai share the common foundation of Navayudha, but they emphasize different aspects. Keeta Muay Thai focuses on movement for well-being, physical fitness, musical rhythm, and participant engagement, whereas Na Ta Muay Thai emphasizes aesthetics, ritual, music, storytelling, and the communication of cultural values.

Conclusion: The synthesis led to a conceptual framework of Contemporary Muay Thai Performing Arts consisting of three phases: ritual, development, and climax. Navayudha functions as the central mechanism connecting body movement, rhythm, choreography, and cultural meaning. The concept of the Artistic Power of Navayudha therefore elevates Navayudha from martial techniques to artistic language and contemporary cultural capital. This framework can be applied to education, performing arts, cultural preservation, cultural tourism, creative economy, and Thai soft power development.

A Study of the Relationship between Learning Motivation and Academic Achievement of ‎Higher Vocational Certificate Students in Industrial Programs under the Suphan Buri ‎Vocational Education Office

Kowit Kokkaewsakul — 2026-09-23

Background and Aims: Higher vocational education plays a crucial role in producing ‎skilled workforce for Thailand’s industrial sector. However, recent self-assessment ‎reports of vocational colleges in Suphan Buri Province reveal a performance paradox: ‎students achieve high vocational standards but underperform on basic academic ‎assessments. This independent study aimed to 1) examine the level of learning ‎motivation of higher vocational certificate students in industrial programs under the ‎Suphan Buri Vocational Education Office, 2) examine their academic achievement, ‎and 3) study the relationship between learning motivation and academic ‎achievement.‎

Methodology: This quantitative survey research drew its sample from 307 students in ‎four public vocational colleges under the Suphan Buri Vocational Education Office in ‎academic year 2025, determined by Taro Yamane’s formula at 95% confidence level ‎and selected through proportional stratified random sampling. The instrument was a ‎‎5-point Likert-scale questionnaire covering nine motivation dimensions, with an Item-‎Objective Congruence (IOC) index of 0.60 - 1.00 and a reliability coefficient of 0.95. ‎Data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ‎Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient.‎

Results: The findings revealed that 1) overall learning motivation was at a high level
‎‎(x̅ = 4.32, S.D. = 0.94), with intrinsic motivation at 4.32 and extrinsic motivation at ‎‎4.31; the highest dimension of intrinsic motivation was responsibility and persistence ‎‎(x̅ = 4.37) and the highest dimension of extrinsic motivation was affiliation and peer ‎group needs (x̅ = 4.36); 2) most students attained a high level of academic ‎achievement, with 44.63% holding a cumulative GPA above 3.50 and 29.97% ‎between 3.00 and 3.50; and 3) overall learning motivation correlated positively with ‎academic achievement at a high level with statistical significance (r = .657, p < .01).‎

Conclusion: Learning motivation, particularly intrinsic motivation, is a key ‎psychological factor that significantly enhances academic achievement among ‎industrial program students. Vocational institutions should therefore promote ‎teaching strategies that foster intrinsic motivation, alongside maintaining supportive ‎learning environments and quality instruction.

Ecological Worldview in Kap Ho Khlong: The Royal Progress to Than Thong Daeng (Kap Ho Khlong Praphat Than Thong Daeng)

Thaksin Kaeoprasoet — 2026-09-24

Background and Aims: The contemporary world is confronting an escalating environmental crisis, a situation that calls for the systematic development of conceptual frameworks and the cultivation of human ecological consciousness toward nature. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) accordingly seeks to integrate cross-disciplinary knowledge in order to foster a holistic understanding of ecological systems. Within this context, the Thai literary work Kap Ho Khlong Praphat Than Thong Daeng constitutes a text that vividly reflects the relationship between humans and nature, and is therefore examined here through the framework of Ecocriticism. This study aims (1) to propose an approach to environmental learning that analyses the relationships among living organisms as represented in Thai literary composition, and (2) to demonstrate the potential of Thai literature in promoting learners' environmental knowledge and understanding.

Methodology: This study employed interpretive analysis, relating the Thai literary work Kap Ho Khlong Praphat Than Thong Daeng to the framework of Ecocriticism in conjunction with ecological concepts concerning the relationships among organisms within an ecosystem, which are classified into three types: positive relationships, negative relationships, and neutral relationships. The findings are presented in the form of descriptive analysis, supported by illustrative excerpts from the literary text.

Results: The Thai literary work Kap Ho Khlong Praphat Than Thong Daeng clearly reflects the ecological relationships among organisms, which can be classified into three types: positive relationships, such as the relationship between humans and elephants and that of epiphytic plants relying on large trees; negative relationships, such as the predator–prey interaction between snakes and rats; and neutral relationships, such as the coexistence of different species within the same area without mutual impact. The work further reflects the worldview of people in the Ayutthaya period, which was grounded in the observation of nature and can be connected to scientific knowledge of ecological systems. Learning through literature in this manner enables learners to understand the relationships among organisms and to recognise the consequences of natural-resource use; it also demonstrates that Thai literature can serve as a medium for promoting environmental learning and sustainable development.

Is the enactment of legislation affecting the rights of the public without soliciting opinions lawful

Panya Klaprasert — 2026-09-27

Background and Aims: This academic article aims to analyze the legal validity issues surrounding the enactment of laws that affect the rights and liberties of the public without soliciting the views of relevant stakeholders or potentially affected citizens. The study is conducted within the framework of Section 77 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, B.E. 2560 (2017); the Act on Criteria for Drafting Legislation and Evaluating the Efficacy of Laws, B.E. 2562 (2019); the rule of law; and the principle of public participation. It examines the legal status of the public consultation process and the potential legal consequences of failing to adhere to these established criteria. Section 77 of the 2017 Constitution mandates that the State must solicit the views of relevant parties prior to enacting any law, conduct a comprehensive and systematic impact analysis, disclose the consultation results to the public, and incorporate these findings into every stage of the legislative process. These requirements reflect the intent to elevate the legislative process by grounding it in transparency, public participation, and social responsibility.

Methodology: This study examines the concepts and legal principles regarding the enactment of laws that affect citizens' rights. It covers the concepts of the rule of law and the exercise of legislative power; the constitutional protection of rights and liberties; and Section 77 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, B.E. 2560 (2017). It analyzes whether a failure to solicit public opinion renders the enactment of a law unlawful, particularly in cases involving severe impacts on rights, while also considering exceptions and situations of urgent necessity. The study evaluates the legislative process and employs a legal analysis to derive conclusions and recommendations.

Results: The study reveals that enacting legislation affecting public rights without soliciting opinions can give rise to issues regarding both procedural and substantive validity. However, determining the legal consequences requires a case-by-case analysis that takes into account the significance of the procedural flaw, the impact on rights and liberties, and relevant legal provisions. Ultimately, conducting high-quality public consultations and comprehensive impact analyses will enhance the quality of legislation, uphold the rule of law, and foster confidence in the exercise of state power.

Conclusion: Public consultation is not merely a technical step in the legislative process; it is an integral part of a safeguard system that interlinks the rule of law, the protection of rights and liberties, public participation, and the principle of proportionality. In a democracy, good legislation is not simply that which is enacted in accordance with proper formalities; it must be rational, necessary, respectful of rights and liberties, and inclusive of public participation. This ensures that the exercise of legislative power is rational, transparent, and accountable, while comprehensively considering the impact on the public. Enacting laws that affect citizens' rights without such a process may give rise to issues regarding both procedural and substantive validity, necessitating review under the Constitution and relevant laws. The following recommendations are proposed: 1. Establish clear, transparent, and verifiable standards for public consultation; 2. Promote comprehensive participation by the public and stakeholders; and 3. Develop guidelines regarding the legal consequences that affect the public.

Perceived Usefulness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the Work Performance of Accountants

Warangkana Khamsaen — 2026-08-26

Background and Aims: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly been integrated into accounting processes to enhance data processing, reduce repetitive tasks, improve accuracy, and support professional decision-making. However, the extent to which accountants perceive AI as useful may influence the effectiveness of its application in actual work settings. This research aimed to (1) examine accountants' perceived usefulness of AI, (2) investigate the level of accountants' work performance, and (3) examine the relationship between perceived usefulness of AI and accountants' work performance.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative research design. The sample consisted of 400 accounting professionals working in government agencies, private companies, and accounting firms. The sample size was determined using Yamane's formula. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire. Content validity was assessed by three experts, with IOC values ranging from 0.67 to 1.00. Reliability analysis yielded Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.89 for perceived usefulness of AI and 0.91 for work performance. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient.

Results: The overall perceived usefulness of AI was at a high level (= 4.37, S.D. = 0.60), while accountants' overall work performance was also at a high level (= 4.33, S.D. = 0.61). Hypothesis testing revealed that perceived usefulness of AI had a statistically significant strong positive relationship with accountants' work performance (r = 0.720, p < .01).

Conclusion: The findings indicate that greater perceived usefulness of AI is associated with higher work performance among accounting professionals. Organizations should therefore promote the appropriate use of AI and develop accountants' digital and AI-related competencies to enhance work quality, accuracy, and efficiency.

21st Century Educational Leadership Skills That Impact Academic Administration Excellence in Educational Institutions at the Main City Educational Quality Development Network Level Under the Office of Phetchabun Primary Educational Service Area 2

Nattawut Trisean — 2026-08-26

Background and Aims: In the 21st century, social and technological changes have compelled school administrators to develop a wide range of skills to manage academic affairs effectively. The objectives of this study are: 1) to examine the 21st-century skills of school administrators at the Lakhmuang Academic Development Center under the Phetchabun Primary Educational Service Area Office 2; 2) to study the management of academic affairs toward excellence in schools under the same jurisdiction; and 3) to investigate the relationship between the 21st-century skills of administrators and the management of academic affairs toward school excellence at the Lakhmuang Academic Development Center under the Phetchabun Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: This study is quantitative research. The sample consisted of 61 teachers and educational personnel from seven schools within the Lakhmuang Academic Development Network Center. Stratified random sampling was employed to select the participants proportionally. The research instrument was a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviations, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: The results of the study revealed that 1) the 21st-century skills of school administrators were at the highest overall level. When examined by specific dimensions, all aspects were rated at the highest level, with the highest mean scores observed in visionary leadership skills and technology and digital literacy skills. 2) The management of academic affairs toward school excellence was also at the highest overall level. All dimensions were rated at the highest level, with the highest mean scores found in instructional organization and assessment and evaluation. 3) The 21st-century skills of school administrators were positively and significantly related to the management of academic affairs toward school excellence at the 0.05 level, explaining 45.5% of the variance. Specifically, visionary leadership skills had a significant positive influence on the management of academic affairs toward school excellence at the 0.05 level.

Conclusion: School administrators in the 21st century must possess a various of skills, including visionary leadership and digital technology proficiency, to manage academic affairs effectively. The study indicates that these skills play a crucial role in enhancing the management of academic affairs toward school excellence and provide a new framework for developing administrators in the digital era.

Development of Online Lessons Based on Communicative Language Teaching to Enhance Thai Speaking Ability of Vietnamese Students

THANH THU VU — 2026-08-26

Background and Aims: Thai language has become increasingly important for Vietnamese learners due to the growing educational, economic, and cultural cooperation between Thailand and Vietnam. However, despite having acquired Thai reading and writing skills, many Vietnamese learners continue to experience difficulties in oral communication because they have limited opportunities to practice speaking in meaningful communicative contexts. Although previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Communicative Language Teaching in promoting communicative competence, most have focused on English or other foreign languages and have been conducted in traditional classroom settings. Furthermore, limited research has investigated the application of Communicative Language Teaching in online Thai language instruction for Vietnamese learners, leaving a gap between learners' linguistic knowledge and their actual communicative performance. Therefore, this study developed online lessons based on Communicative Language Teaching to enhance Thai speaking ability among Vietnamese students. The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop online lessons based on Communicative Language Teaching to enhance Thai speaking ability among Vietnamese students; (2) to examine Thai speaking ability after studying through the developed online lessons; and (3) to investigate students' satisfaction with the CLT-based online lessons.

Methodology: This study employed a pre-experimental research design involving a baseline assessment and a post-instruction achievement evaluation. The participants consisted of 18 Vietnamese learners selected through purposive sampling. Only learners whose Thai speaking ability was at the beginner level were included in the study. The instructional program comprised 18 online lessons delivered via Zoom over nine weeks, totaling 27 instructional hours. The lessons were developed according to the principles of Communicative Language Teaching and incorporated theme-based communicative activities, role-play conversations, and picture description activities to promote authentic language use. The research instruments consisted of (1) CLT-based online lesson plans, (2) a Thai Speaking Ability Test, and (3) a student satisfaction questionnaire. The content validity of the research instruments was evaluated by three experts using the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC), with IOC values ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, indicating satisfactory content validity. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.

Results: The findings revealed that: (1) the CLT-based online lessons were appropriate and effective for enhancing Thai speaking ability among Vietnamese students, with an overall appropriateness rating at a high appropriate level; (2) after completing the instructional program, the students' Thai speaking ability reached a very high level; and (3) students' overall satisfaction with the developed online lessons was also at a very high level, indicating that the lessons were engaging, practical, and effective in supporting Thai speaking development.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that online lessons developed based on Communicative Language Teaching are effective in enhancing Thai speaking ability among Vietnamese students. The integration of communicative activities in an online learning environment promoted meaningful interaction, speaking practice, communicative confidence, and learner engagement. In addition, the high level of student satisfaction suggests that the developed online lessons are appropriate, practical, and beneficial for Thai language instruction in online learning contexts.

The Development of Learning activity using KWL Plus to promote Thai reading and writing abilities for Vietnamese students

THANH HANG VU — 2026-08-26

Background and Aims: Growing economic, educational, and cultural cooperation between Thailand and Vietnam has increased the demand for Thai language proficiency among Vietnamese learners. However, the substantial differences between the Thai and Vietnamese writing systems make learning Thai reading and writing particularly challenging for beginners. Conventional teacher-centered online instruction provides limited opportunities for activating prior knowledge and promoting active learning. Therefore, the KWL Plus strategy, which encourages learners to connect prior knowledge with new learning and organize information systematically, was employed to improve students' Thai literacy. This study aimed to: (1) develop Thai reading and writing proficiency among Vietnamese students through KWL Plus learning activities based on the 70% criterion, and (2) examine their learning achievement after participating in the activities.

Methodology: Classroom action research was conducted with six beginner-level Vietnamese students over three action cycles (24 instructional hours). Research instruments included 12 KWL Plus lesson plans, Thai reading and writing achievement tests, behavioral observation forms, teaching reflection diaries, and student interview forms. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage, mean, and standard deviation, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis.

Results: The 12 lesson plans were evaluated by experts and received a high suitability rating (mean = 4.42). Students' performance improved across the three action cycles, with mean scores of 83.81%, 89.53%, and 87.86%, respectively. Overall learning achievement reached 89.17%, exceeding the predetermined 70% criterion. These findings indicate that the KWL Plus strategy effectively enhanced Thai reading and writing proficiency and can serve as an effective instructional approach for beginner-level foreign language learners.

Administrative Skills of Primary School Administrators Under the Sukhothai Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Thirawat Saorangtoy — 2026-08-27

Background and Aims: Primary school administrators need a diverse set of management skills, including planning, resource management strategies, communication, and coordination, to drive school effectiveness and achieve excellence in teaching and learning. This study aimed to 1) examine the administrative skills of primary school administrators under Sukhothai Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, and 2) compare these administrative skills according to personal factors among administrators within the same office.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative research design. The sample consisted of 285 school administrators and teachers from Sukhothai Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 in the 2024 academic year, selected using the Krejcie and Morgan table to determine sample size and stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, and the analysis employed frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test statistics.

Results: 1) The overall administrative skills of primary school administrators under Sukhothai Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 were at the highest level

( = 4.87, S.D. = 0.236). Human relations skills had the highest mean, followed by conceptual skills and technical skills, respectively. 2) The comparison of administrative skills classified by gender revealed no statistically significant difference among administrators and teachers of different genders at the .05 level. However, when categorized by work experience, administrators and teachers with different levels of experience showed a statistically significant difference in technical skills at the .05 level.

Conclusion: Primary school administrators under the Sukhothai Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 demonstrated the highest competency in human relations skills, followed by conceptual skills and technical skills, respectively.

Musical Instrument Reliefs at Borobudur: A Semiotic Interpretation of Music and Cultural Heritage Value in Mahayana Buddhist Culture

Rungnapa Sathittham — 2026-09-01

Background and Aims: This study explores the musical culture represented in the bas-relief carvings of the Borobudur stupa in Central Java, Indonesia. The research aims to investigate the cultural significance of musical imagery depicted in the reliefs and to understand the role of music in social, ceremonial, and religious contexts during the 8th–9th centuries. It also seeks to interpret these visual representations through the lens of cultural studies and semiotic analysis. Although Borobudur has been studied extensively as architecture and as Buddhist iconography, the musical imagery carved on the monument has rarely been treated as a systematic object of organological and semiotic analysis; this study addresses that gap.

Methodology: A qualitative research approach was employed through field observations at Borobudur and documentary research. Data were analyzed using a cultural studies framework based on the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes. The study focused on identifying and interpreting musical instrument carvings found in the bas-reliefs and examining their symbolic meanings within the cultural and religious context of Mahayana Buddhism. A corpus of N relief panels containing musical imagery was documented photographically and analysed through Barthes’ three orders of signification denotation, connotation, and myth following an explicit coding framework.

Results: The findings reveal that the musical instrument carvings located on the lower level of Borobudur correspond to the concept of Kamadhatu, the realm of sensual desire in Mahayana Buddhist cosmology. These carvings provide valuable evidence of historical musical traditions in the region and demonstrate the important role of music in daily life, ceremonial activities, and spiritual practices. Furthermore, the reliefs indicate that music functioned as a medium for expressing social status, cultural values, religious beliefs, and collective identity.

Conclusion: The study highlights the close relationship between music and religion within the sacred environment of Borobudur. The musical imagery preserved in the bas-reliefs reflects the enduring influence of music on cultural and spiritual life throughout history. Moreover, the research contributes to the preservation and understanding of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage, supporting Sustainable Development Goal 11, which promotes the safeguarding of cultural heritage for future generations. Methodologically, the study proposes a three-order semiotic framework for interpreting musical imagery on Buddhist monuments in which organological identification precedes symbolic interpretation, and which is transferable to comparable monuments in Southeast Asia.

Behavioral Skills In Budget Management Of administra Tors In Rajaprajanugroh School Mae Hong Son Province

Aunnicha Khamdejarean — 2026-09-02

Background and Aims: The behavioral skills in budget management of school administrators are crucial factors influencing the efficiency of allocating and utilizing educational resources effectively. Administrators with strong behavioral skills are capable of planning, controlling, and making financial decisions transparently and effectively, enabling school budget management to achieve policy goals and meet the needs of students and the community appropriately. This study aimed to examine the current and desired conditions of budget management among administrators of Rajaprajanugroh Schools in Mae Hong Son Province.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative research approach. The sample consisted of 132 teachers from four Rajaprajanugroh Schools in Mae Hong Son Province, selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and summarized descriptively, while quantitative data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.

Results: The overall current condition of budget management among school administrators was at a moderate level ( = 2.93, S.D. = 0.773), while the overall desired condition was at a high level ( = 4.24, S.D. = 0.480). When analyzed by specific aspects, the highest current and desired conditions were in communication and coordination (( = 2.98, S.D. = 0.850) and ( = 4.30, S.D. = 0.515). The factors affecting behavioral skills in budget management among Rajaprajanugroh school administrators in Mae Hong Son Province depended on multiple aspects, including personal factors (age, educational background, and administrative experience), organizational factors (administrative structure and support from supervising agencies), developmental factors (training and use of information technology), and attitudinal and value factors (responsibility, transparency, and commitment to work). Developing these factors can enhance administrators’ behavioral skills, leading to transparent, efficient, and policy-compliant budget management, while supporting the sustainable improvement of educational quality in schools.

Conclusion: The administrators of Rajaprajanugroh Schools in Mae Hong Son Province were able to manage budgets transparently and efficiently, emphasizing effective planning and expenditure to enhance educational quality. However, it remains necessary to strengthen behavioral skills in analysis, decision-making, and budget monitoring to ensure greater precision. This will help align school budget management with educational policies and better meet the needs of students and the community in a sustainable manner.

A Study on Critical Thinking and Media Literacy Skills through Problem-Based Learning Integrated with Social Media in Social Studies Instruction for Grade 9 Students

Jittanant Attapipatvanieh — 2026-09-02

Background and Aims: In the digital era, critical thinking and media literacy skills are essential for effective learning in social studies. This study aimed to: 1) examine critical thinking skills, 2) evaluate media literacy skills, and 3) assess student satisfaction among Grade 9 students at Kham Kaen Nakhon School during the first semester of the 2025 academic year regarding Problem-Based Learning (PBL) integrated with social media.

Methodology: A One-Shot Case Study experimental design was employed. The sample consisted of 30 Grade 9/6 students at Kham Kaen Nakhon School selected through purposive sampling. The intervention comprised 6 lesson plans (totaling 12 instructional hours) under Unit 3, "Natural Disasters in North and South America". The research instruments included: 1) 6 PBL lesson plans evaluated for appropriateness by experts, 2) a 20-item multiple-choice Critical Thinking Skill Test with an Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) index ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, difficulty indices (p) from 0.25 to 0.79, discrimination indices ($r$) from 0.23 to 0.64, and a reliability coefficient of 0.91, 3) a 20-item multiple-choice Media Literacy Skill Test with an IOC ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, difficulty indices (p) from 0.25 to 0.79, discrimination indices ($r$) from 0.23 to 0.64, and a reliability coefficient of 0.91, and 4) a 20-item Satisfaction Questionnaire measured on a 5-point Likert scale with an IOC ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.94. Data analysis involved comparing the number and percentage of students achieving the criterion (70% benchmark score) for critical thinking and media literacy skills, whereas student satisfaction was analyzed using mean () and standard deviation (S.D.).

Results: The findings reveal that most participating organizations are medium-to-large-scale petroleum blending businesses certified with ISO 14001, predominantly operating at Level 3 of the Green Industry certification (Green System). Hypothesis testing confirmed that GSCM practices collectively exert a significant positive influence on organizational sustainability (Sig.=0.000, p<.001), accounting for 19.4% of the variance in sustainable performance (R²_adj = .194). Specifically, Green Operations emerged as the most significant predictor of sustainability with the highest effect size (𝛽 = .308, t = 4.612, p < .01), followed by Green Design (𝛽 = .153, t = 2.198, p < .05). Conversely, green purchasing, green manufacturing, and reverse logistics did not exhibit a statistically significant impact due to initial cost barriers and institutionalized baseline standards within the Thai context.

Conclusion: These empirical results suggest that to achieve comprehensive long-term sustainability across economic, social, and environmental dimensions, energy firms must strategically prioritize the integration of green principles into their internal operational core and proactive product design processes.

A Study of Academic Leadership of School Administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 5

Phaiboon Chaokhunthod — 2026-09-09

Background and Aims: Academic leadership of school administrators is a crucial factor affecting the quality of teaching and learning management as well as students’ academic achievement. Administrators must possess knowledge, competencies, and vision to effectively develop curricula and learning processes. Therefore, this research aimed to: 1) examine the academic leadership of school administrators under Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 5, and 2) compare the academic leadership of school administrators under Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 5.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative research design. The sample consisted of 136 school administrators under Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 5 in the 2025 academic year, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics, including one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise comparison using Scheffé’s method.

Results: 1) The overall level of academic leadership of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 5 was at a high level. When considered by aspect, all aspects were at a high level. The aspects with the highest mean scores were the determination of school vision and mission and the creation and promotion of an academic atmosphere. These were followed by the provision of a supervision system and curriculum administration and management, respectively. The aspect with the lowest mean score was the promotion of teachers’ professional development. 2) The academic leadership of school administrators under Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 5, when classified by school size and administrative experience, showed no overall differences.

Conclusion: School administrators demonstrate the ability to effectively drive academic work, particularly in setting direction and creating a learning environment that supports students. Additionally, teacher professional development is an area that should be further promoted, and the characteristics of administrators’ academic leadership are consistent regardless of school size or administrative experience.

The Impact of Technology and Audit Innovation Acceptance and Technological Competence on the Audit Efficiency of Cooperative Auditors in the Cooperative Auditing Department

Natcha Tawila — 2026-09-09

Background and Aims: Digital technologies and auditing innovations have become increasingly important in improving the effectiveness of auditing practices in the public sector. However, cooperative auditors continue to face challenges in technology acceptance and technological competency, which may influence audit efficiency. This study aimed to: (1) examine the relationships between technology and auditing innovation acceptance and audit efficiency among cooperative auditors of the Cooperative Auditing Department; (2) investigate the relationships between technological competency and audit efficiency; (3) examine the effects of technology and auditing innovation acceptance on audit efficiency; and (4) investigate the effects of technological competency on audit efficiency among cooperative auditors of the Cooperative Auditing Department.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative research design. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to all 475 cooperative auditors of the Cooperative Auditing Department, of which 394 completed questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of 82.95 percent. The data were analyzed using multiple correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to examine the relationships and effects among the study variables.

Results: The findings indicated that technology and auditing innovation acceptance and technological competency were positively associated with audit efficiency among cooperative auditors. Specifically, behavioral intention to use information, perceived usefulness of technology and auditing innovations, and attitude toward technology use had significant positive effects on audit efficiency, whereas perceived ease of use had no significant effect. In addition, technological competency in network connectivity capability for auditing and integrated auditing technology knowledge significantly enhanced audit efficiency. However, technological skills in auditing practice were not found to have a significant effect on audit efficiency.

Conclusion: Technology and auditing innovation acceptance, together with the continuous development of technological competency, play a vital role in enhancing the accuracy, timeliness, and reliability of audit performance among cooperative auditors. The findings provide practical implications for the Cooperative Auditing Department in promoting the adoption of auditing technologies and innovations, strengthening auditors' technological competencies, and improving audit quality, transparency, and compliance with professional standards, thereby enhancing confidence among cooperative members and users of financial statements.

Creative Leadership of the Ekathotsarot Committee under Phitsanulok–Uttaradit Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Teerawat Wiangnak — 2026-09-09

Background and Aims: Creative leadership of school administrators is a crucial factor in driving school development to align with the changes in 21st-century society. Administrators with creative leadership can initiate new ideas, promote visionary practices, and foster an open and flexible learning atmosphere within their institutions. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the creative leadership of school administrators in the Ekatosarot Committee under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Phitsanulok–Uttaradit, and (2) to explore guidelines for developing their creative leadership.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative research approach. The population and sample consisted of 65 school administrators and teachers in the Ekathotsarot Educational Network under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Phitsanulok–Uttaradit. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane’s table. The research instruments used for data collection were a questionnaire and a structured interview. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis.

Results: 1) The overall level of creative leadership among school administrators in the Ekathotsarot Educational Network under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Phitsanulok–Uttaradit was found to be high. When considering each aspect, the highest mean score was for teamwork in knowledge exploration, followed by collaboration in problem-solving, while the lowest was for the use of questioning. 2) The guidelines for developing creative leadership among school administrators in the Ekathotsarot Committee under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Phitsanulok–Uttaradit are as follows: (1) Administrators should encourage and support teachers to participate in research, inquiry, and experimentation with new teaching innovations.
(2) Administrators should provide opportunities for teachers to actively participate in problem analysis and shared decision-making. (3) Administrators should create a clear and motivating shared vision. (4) Administrators should foster an open and transparent working environment. (5) Administrators should promote reflection and collaborative learning among staff. (6) Administrators should establish a continuous monitoring and evaluation system for operational performance.

Conclusion: School administrators with creative leadership can effectively promote collaboration, analytical thinking, and the creation of educational innovations. The new knowledge derived from this research is a set of guidelines for developing creative leadership that emphasize participation, open communication, and collaborative learning within the organization to enhance the quality of educational administration in the 21st century.

School Administration Based on Good Governance Principle of School Administrators in the Wiengdong School Group, Wang Chin Sub-district, Phrae Province, under the Phrae Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Orranit Thongfaseekram — 2026-09-10

Background and Aims: The administration of schools based on good governance principles is a crucial approach that ensures operations are transparent, accountable, and responsible. School administrators who adhere to these principles can build trust, foster collaboration, and promote fairness within their organizations, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of educational quality. This study aims to examine the good governance practices of school administrators in the Wiang Dong Nakorn School Group, Wang Chin District, Phrae Province, under the Phrae Primary Educational Service Area Office 2.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative research approach. The sample consisted of 82 teachers working in the Wiang Dong Nakorn School Group, Wang Chin District, Phrae Province, under the Phrae Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and summarized descriptively, while quantitative data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.

Results: The administration of schools based on good governance principles by the administrators in the Wiang Dong Nakorn School Group, Wang Chin District, Phrae Province, under the Phrae Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, was found to be at a high level overall. When examined by specific principles, morality, accountability, cost-effectiveness, legality, participation, and transparency were all rated at a high level.

Conclusion: The school administrators in the Wiang Dong Nakorn School Group are able to implement good governance at a high level. They place strong emphasis on morality, accountability, cost-effectiveness, legality, participation, and transparency in their operations, resulting in efficient management, building trust and collaboration within the organization, and contributing to the sustainable development of educational quality.

Factors Affecting Efficiency in Procurement to Supplies Regulations by Specific Method in Mahasarakham University

Pornruchada Khumhumsaenkhot — 2026-09-16

Background and Aims: The objectives of this research were 1) to study the opinions of personnel on the factors that affect procurement efficiency in a specific way. According to the Public Procurement and Procurement Management Act B.E. 2560 (2017) of Mahasarakham University 2) to study the level of factors affecting the efficiency of procurement by a specific method. In accordance with the Public Procurement Management Procurement Act B.E. 2560 (2017) of the departments in Mahasarakham University, and 3) to study the recommendations on factors affecting procurement efficiency. According to the Public Procurement Act B.E. 2560 (2017) of the departments in Mahasarakham University.

Methodology: This research is a quantitative research, and the researcher selected a specific sample group (Purposive Sampling), including personnel in the supply chain and those involved in procurement in the university. The statistics used in the data analysis include Descriptive Statistics, including Frequency, Percentage, Mean, and Standard Deviation.

Results: It was found that the factors affecting the procurement according to the procurement regulations When looking at each aspect, it was found that all aspects were at a high level, with the highest average of parcel control (X̄ = 4.03), followed by the supply supply (X̄ = 3.99) and distribution (X̄ = 3.90) respectively. Efficiency in procurement according to procurement regulations When looking at each aspect, it was found that all aspects were at a high level, with the highest average (X̄ = 4.22), followed by efficiency and effectiveness (X̄ = 4.10) and transparency (X̄ = 4.09) respectively.

Conclusion: Factors affecting procurement have a positive impact. In terms of procurement, control, and distribution, and in terms of procurement efficiency, there is a positive impact in terms of transparency, verifiability, but also in terms of cost-effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness. We must find ways to continue to develop for the best interests of the organization.

Enhancing Grade 10 Students' Learning Achievement and Collaboration Skills through Socioscientific Issues-Based Learning Integrated with Gallery Walk Activities

Kanokpohn Srithongdang — 2026-09-16

Background and Aims: Promoting students’ ability to connect scientific knowledge with real-world situations while fostering collaboration skills is a key goal of science education in the 21st century. This study aimed to: (1) compare the learning achievement in Biology on the topic of DNA Technology, and (2) compare the collaboration skills of Grade 10 students before and after participating in learning activities based on Socioscientific Issues (SSI) integrated with the Gallery Walk activity.

Methodology: This study employed a pre-experimental research design using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 80 Grade 10 students enrolled in the Science–Mathematics program in the 2^nd semester of 2025 academic year, selected through cluster sampling. The participating classes were organized as mixed-ability classrooms. The research instruments included: (1) five lesson plans based on Socioscientific Issues integrated with the Gallery Walk activity, with IOC ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and an overall appropriateness at a very good level; (2) a 30-item learning achievement test with IOC 0.67 to 1.00, item difficulty indices (p) 0.40 to 0.64, item discrimination indices (r) ranging from 0.35 to 0.72, and a reliability coefficient (KR-20) of 0.86; and (3) a five-criterion analytic rubric for assessing collaboration skills with IOC from 0.67 to 1.00 and a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.87. Data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and paired-samples t-test.

Results: The findings revealed that: (1) the students’ post-learning achievement (M = 22.87, SD = 2.57) was significantly higher than their pre-learning achievement (M = 14.51, SD = 2.64) at the .05 level (t = 18.36, p < .001), with a very large effect size (Cohen’s d_z = 2.05); and (2) the students’ post-learning collaboration skills (M = 21.09, SD = 1.94) were significantly higher than their pre-learning collaboration skills (M = 13.66, SD = 1.64) at the .05 level (t = 26.68, p < .001), with a very large effect size (Cohen’s d_z= 2.98).

Conclusion: Learning activities based on Socioscientific Issues integrated with the Gallery Walk activity were associated with significantly higher post-intervention scores in both learning achievement and collaboration skills. The instructional approach provided opportunities for students to investigate, analyze, exchange ideas, and construct knowledge collaboratively through scientific issues connected to real-world social contexts.

The Effect of Brand Perceived Value on Customer Loyalty in Environmentally Friendly Hotel Businesses in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area

Buraporn Kumboon — 2026-09-17

Background and Aims: Environmental concerns are increasingly influencing tourists' accommodation choices, transforming environmentally friendly hotels from a niche selling point into a key strategy for building long-term customer relationships. However, research in the Thai context that clearly identifies which dimensions of brand value affect customer loyalty toward green hotels, particularly in the Bangkok metropolitan area, remains limited. This study therefore aimed to: (1) examine the level of brand perceived value in functional, emotional, social, and environmental dimensions; (2) measure customer loyalty in both attitudinal and behavioral aspects; (3) analyze the influence of each value dimension on loyalty; and (4) provide practical recommendations for operators to build brand value that promotes customer loyalty.

Methodology: This quantitative survey research employed a questionnaire adapted from the PERVAL scale with the addition of an environmental dimension. Data were collected online from 400 individuals who had previously stayed at environmentally friendly hotels in the Bangkok metropolitan area, recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and multiple regression analysis.

Results: Respondents perceived brand value across all four dimensions at a high level (overall mean = 4.21), with environmental value being the highest (mean = 4.38). Customer loyalty was also at a high level (overall mean = 4.15). Multiple regression analysis revealed that all four value dimensions had statistically significant positive influences on loyalty. Environmental value had the greatest influence (β = 0.41, p < .001), followed by emotional value (β = 0.27, p < .001), social value (β = 0.17, p < .01), and functional value (β = 0.14, p < .05), respectively. Together, the four variables explained 68.2% of the variance in loyalty.

Conclusion: Environmental value is the primary driver of customer loyalty toward environmentally friendly hotels, though emotional, social, and functional values also play significant roles. Operators should position sustainability as a core brand value communicated with sincerity and transparency, rather than merely as compliance with legal requirements. However, limitations of this study include the use of non-probability sampling, which may restrict generalizability to the entire population, and the cross-sectional data collection, which prevents establishing causal relationships definitively.

The Role of the Police Commission of the House of Representatives in Crime Prevention and Suppression

Korn Sinarak na champasak — 2026-09-17

Background and Aims: The House of Representatives Committee on Police Affairs plays a significant role in supporting the prevention and resolution of crime. However, it still faces several challenges and limitations that require improvement. Therefore, this research aims to: (1) examine the problems, obstacles, and limitations encountered by the House of Representatives Committee on Police Affairs in carrying out its role in crime prevention and crime resolution; and (2) investigate effective operational approaches for the House of Representatives Committee on Police Affairs to enhance its role in preventing and addressing crime.

Methodology: This study employed a qualitative research design using in-depth interviews with 30 key informants who were directly involved in the operations of the House of Representatives Committee on Police Affairs. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview guide. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: The findings revealed that the problems, obstacles, and limitations in the operations of the House of Representatives Committee on Police Affairs were primarily systemic and structural in nature. These included: (1) limited cooperation from relevant agencies, particularly the provision of incomplete information or the assignment of representatives without decision-making authority; (2) limitations in statutory powers and legal enforcement mechanisms, resulting in the Committee's recommendations not being implemented concretely in certain cases; (3) structural constraints arising from the legislative role, which prevent the Committee from directly enforcing its resolutions or directives on implementing agencies; and (4) limitations in resources, personnel, and specialized expertise, which adversely affected the Committee's capacity to monitor and address complex crime-related issues effectively.

Conclusion: The findings further indicate that the House of Representatives Committee on Police Affairs should adopt a proactive and systematic approach to its operations by making full use of available legal mechanisms, enhancing specialized expertise through subcommittees and subject-matter experts, conducting field visits and engaging in preventive communication with the public, promoting transparency through reporting mechanisms and public participation channels, and establishing tangible performance indicators to evaluate operational outcomes. These measures would strengthen the Committee's capacity to prevent and address crime effectively and sustainably.

Factors Influencing Green Product Consumption Behavior among Young Consumers

Sirachaya Karawek — 2026-09-17

Background and Aims: Worsening environmental degradation and accelerating climate change have elevated sustainable consumption to a critical issue in both policy and academic discourse. Although young consumers increasingly express environmental concern, a persistent gap remains between their purchase intentions and actual buying behavior. This research aims to examine the influence of internal factors derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) namely attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control alongside two external product-related factors perceived quality and green trust on green purchase intention and consumption behavior among young consumers in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region.

Methodology: This quantitative study employed an online questionnaire survey administered to 400 respondents aged 18–35 who resided, worked, or studied in Bangkok and its vicinity, and who had purchased or seriously considered purchasing environmentally friendly products within the preceding six months. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling combined with snowball sampling via online platforms. The instrument utilized five-point Likert scales measuring seven variables. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: All three TPB components attitude (β = 0.27, p < .01), subjective norm
(β = 0.18, p < .01), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.23, p < .01) exerted significant positive effects on green purchase intention, as did perceived quality
(β = 0.17, p < .01) and green trust (β = 0.15, p < .01). The regression model explained 48% of the variance in purchase intention (R² = 0.48). Purchase intention, in turn, significantly predicted actual consumption behavior (β = 0.62, p < .01), accounting for 38% of the variance (R² = 0.38).

Conclusion: The findings affirm the relevance of the TPB framework in the Thai green consumption context and highlight the added value of perceived quality and green trust in narrowing the intention–behavior gap. These results offer practical guidance for businesses and policymakers aiming to encourage sustainable consumption among young people, contributing to SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

Factors affecting the management of educational quality assurance in schools under the Office of Primary Educational Service Area

Chanikan Jiwarat — 2026-09-17

Background and Aims: Quality assurance in education is a key mechanism for enhancing the quality of educational management in schools to ensure compliance with educational standards and to support the development of student quality. The objectives of this research were 1) investigate the current conditions and factors affecting the educational quality assurance management of schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Offices and 2) analyze the factors influencing the educational quality assurance management of schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Offices.

Methodology: This study is Quantitative Research. The sample consisted of 384 teachers working in schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Offices during the 2024 academic year. The research instrument was a five-point rating scale questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.98. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results: The research findings revealed that 1) the overall level of educational quality assurance management in schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Offices was at a high level (M = 4.50, S.D. = 0.47). Similarly, the overall level of factors affecting educational quality assurance management was also at a high level (M = 4.36, S.D. = 0.44). 2) The factors affecting educational quality assurance management in schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Offices consisted ofResources and Support (X₃), Personnel (X₄), Organizational Culture (X₂), and Leadership of School Administrators (X₁), respectively.The forecasting equation in the form of raw scores (raw score equation) is Y’ = 1.207 + 0.146X₃** + 0.323X₄** + 0.176X₂** + 0.101X₁**The forecasting equation in the form of standard scores (standardized equation) isZ^’_y= 0.181Z₃**+ 0.361Z₄** + 0.218Z₂** + 0.151Z₁**

Conclusion: Resources and supporting facilities, personnel, organizational culture, and administrators' leadership were all found to influence the management of educational quality assurance in schools significantly. Therefore, systematically strengthening these factors can enhance the effectiveness of educational quality assurance management and improve the overall quality of educational management.

Analysis of creative poetry works of 2nd year Thai language major students, Thai Language Department, Faculty of Education, Maha Sarakham Rajabhat University

Suthas Vongkrabakthaworn — 2026-09-17

Background and Aims: The study on analysis of creative poetry works of 2nd year Thai language major students, Thai Language Department, Faculty of Education, Maha Sarakham Rajabhat University has its objectives as follows: 1) To analyze the creative poetry works of 2nd year students majoring in Thai language, Faculty of Education, Maha Sarakham Rajabhat University. 2) To use the results of the analysis to consider achievement to reflect problems in the curriculum structure that affect learning.

The samples are the creative poetry works written by 54 students majoring in Thai language, Faculty of Education, Maha Sarakham Rajabhat University who studied in the course of creativity and writing in the first semester of 2023 and created 3 pieces of poetry works; namely, Kap Yanee 11 (a form of poem which consists of 11 syllables), Klon Suphap (a form of Thai octameter poem), Klong Si Suphap (a form of polite poem).

Methodology: analysis of creative poetry works

Results: The total sample used in this research was 162 pieces of the students concerned. The tool used to collect data was the evaluation form for higher education poetry creation which was evaluated by experts in terms of quality. It was divided into 3 aspects: poetics, content, and poetic rhetoric. The evaluation ratio was 1: 2: 2. The statistics used in data analysis was the average percentage. The results of the study are as follows: for the poetics and poetic ability; the results of the measurement and evaluation of the poetry of all 54 students showed that 44 students passed the criteria, accounting for 81.48 percent. For the content and content ability, the results of the measurement and evaluation of the poetry of all 54 students showed that 21 students passed the criteria, accounting for 42 percent. For the poetic rhetoric and poetic rhetoric ability, the results of the evaluation and assessment of the poetry of all 54 students showed that only two students (4 percent) passed the criteria.

Conclusion: The results of the study concerned showed that Thai language major students did not have enough skills in composing poetry because the content was part of the course of creative thinking and writing creation. Students’ learning cannot be fully organized. Therefore, the curriculum should be reviewed and improved by specifying the subject of “Thai poetry” to develop students to have specific skills in accordance with the characteristics of quality Thai language teachers.

A Survey Study on Perceived Problems in Chinese Literature Courses and Willingness for Teaching Reform among Chinese Language and Literature Majors at a University in Guangxi, China: A Baseline Needs Assessment for Subsequent Course Development

Danlan Tang — 2026-09-17

Background and Aims: Previous research on Chinese literature teaching reform has examined instructional practices, course design, and reform implementation, but the studies reviewed do not directly provide baseline data on the specific problems perceived by the students involved in the present course-development context. Drawing on a student voice perspective, this study aimed to describe students’ learning experiences in Chinese literature courses, identify the major problems they perceived, assess their overall willingness for teaching reform, and summarize the specific reform suggestions provided in their open-ended responses.

Methodology: This study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional, single-institution baseline needs-assessment survey design. A total of 102 third-year students from two Chinese Language and Literature classes at a public university in Guangxi, China, were invited to participate voluntarily. A total of 90 submissions could be matched to the class rosters. Eleven students submitted the questionnaire more than once to supplement or clarify open-ended responses. During data cleaning, each student’s most recent complete closed-ended responses were retained, while confirmed supplementary open-ended responses were merged at the participant level. After cleaning, 78 students were included in the final analysis. Frequencies and percentages were used for the closed-ended responses, and the written responses to Q4 and Q6 were analyzed by the first author using conventional inductive qualitative content analysis.

Results: Among the 78 participants, 75 (96.2%) reported that the Chinese literature courses they had experienced were primarily teacher-led, 67 (85.9%) indicated that their learning of traditional Chinese literature relied mainly on textual reading, and 63 (80.8%) experienced difficulty understanding the courses at least some of the time. Among the 68 participants who provided substantive responses about current problems, the most frequently identified issues were the disconnect between theory and practice or lack of practical relevance (42.6%), monotonous teaching methods or textbook-bound instruction (36.8%), and boring content or lack of interest (32.4%). In addition, 69 participants (88.5%) expressed an overall willingness for reform, 9 (11.5%) remained neutral, and none indicated that they did not want reform. However, only 11 participants provided specific reform suggestions.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that students in these two classes perceived problems across multiple aspects of Chinese literature education and that overall willingness for reform was considerably more common than the provision of specific reform proposals. Further interviews with students, teachers, and experts are therefore needed to clarify course needs before a course design is developed and piloted. The findings are limited to the two participating classes and should not be generalized to other institutions or interpreted as evidence for the effectiveness of any specific reform approach

Parents' Opinions on the Administration and Management of Early Childhood Education at Nawa Witthaya Kindergarten, Chanuman Subdistrict, Chanuman District, Amnat Charoen Province

Werinramphai Ptumaokskun — 2026-09-18

Background and Aims: Early childhood education is a fundamental foundation for the holistic development of children physically, emotionally, socially, and intellectually which directly influences their future learning. Parents, as those closest to the children, play a vital role in supporting and forming perspectives on the quality of early childhood education in the present time. The objectives of this study are: (1) to examine the level of parents’ opinions toward early childhood education management at Nawawitthaya Kindergarten, Chanuman Subdistrict, Chanuman District, Amnat Charoen Province, and (2) to study the problems and suggestions related to early childhood education management at Nawawitthaya Kindergarten, Chanuman Subdistrict, Chanuman District, Amnat Charoen Province.

Methodology: This study is a quantitative research. The sample was divided into two phases. Phase 1 focused on studying parents’ opinions regarding early childhood education at Nawawitaya Kindergarten, Chanuman Subdistrict, Chanuman District, Amnat Charoen Province. The participants were 92 parents of students at Nawawitaya Kindergarten, selected through stratified random sampling using Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table. Phase 2 examined problems and suggestions related to early childhood education at the same school. The participants included 20 parents, selected by simple random sampling from five groups, with four parents per group (parents of Pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten 1, Kindergarten 2, Kindergarten 3, and parents of graduates). The data collection instruments consisted of questionnaires and interviews. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.

Results: 1) The research results found that parents have opinions on the early childhood education management of Nawawittaya Kindergarten School, Chanuman Subdistrict, Chanuman District, Amnat Charoen Province, which are generally considered to be highly appropriate. When considering each aspect, It was found that all aspects were highly appropriate, with buildings, Next are personnel and management, participation, buildings, academics and activities according to the curriculum, and participation and support from the community, respectively. environment, and safety being appropriate in other aspects. 2) This includes administrators and teachers who are knowledgeable and capable of acting as good role models, taking good care of students, organizing good teaching and learning activities, and having independent and safe school buildings, as well as providing suggestions and needs in many areas.Opinions regarding the problems, suggestions and needs of parents regarding the provision of early childhood education at Nawawittaya Kindergarten School revealed that the suggestions and needs of parents were very impressive to the school. For example, it is appropriate to expand the school building/classroom and request permission to teach at the primary level. An EP classroom should be set up with foreign teachers. Technology (computer) teaching should be arranged Emphasis should be placed on training and teaching students to be respectful, to know how to apply the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy, and to teach students life skills for use in their current lives Initially, the school can proceed, develop and improve according to the needs of parents, but there are some things that will take time to implement.

Conclusion: Parents expressed positive opinions toward the early childhood education management of Nawawitthaya Kindergarten, viewing the overall educational management as appropriate. They appreciated the attentiveness and exemplary conduct of teachers and administrators, as well as the usefulness and safety of learning activities for children. Additionally, parents suggested that the school further develop its facilities, enhance English and technology instruction, and continue to foster moral values and life skills among students.

Effects of 5E Inquiry-Based Learning Combined with Interactive Video Media via Website in Thai Language for Elementary Teachers Course on "Parts of Speech" for Preservice Elementary Education Teacher

Thayida Lertchanadecha — 2026-09-20

Background and Aims: Twenty-first-century education emphasizes the development of learners’ analytical thinking skills and the effective use of technology. Inquiry-Based Learning using the 5E Instructional Model integrated with interactive video through a web-based platform provides an instructional approach that promotes active learning and enhances students’ understanding of the Thai language topic Parts of Speech. This study investigated the effects of this instructional approach among pre-service elementary teachers. The objectives of the study were to: (1) examine the instructional efficiency of the 5E Inquiry-Based Learning model integrated with web-based interactive video in the course CEE2307 Thai Language for Elementary School Teachers on the topic Parts of Speech; (2) compare the pretest and posttest learning achievement of pre-service elementary teachers after participating in the 5E Inquiry-Based Learning activities integrated with interactive video; and (3) investigate students’ satisfaction with the instructional model.

Methodology: This study employed a quasi-experimental research design using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 40 pre-service elementary teachers enrolled in the Thai Language for Elementary School Teachers course during the second semester of the 2025 academic year. The required sample size was determined using the G*Power program with an effect size of 0.55, a statistical power of 0.95, and a significance level of 0.05, yielding a minimum sample size of 38 participants. To compensate for potential attrition, 40 participants were recruited using simple random sampling. The intervention was conducted over a period of three weeks. The research instruments included: (1) 5E Inquiry-Based Learning lesson plans on Parts of Speech; (2) web-based interactive videos developed using the Edpuzzle platform; (3) a learning achievement test; and (4) a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using instructional efficiency (E1/E2), descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and the dependent samples t-test.

Results: (1) the instructional efficiency of the 5E Inquiry-Based Learning model integrated with web-based interactive video was 81.08/80.00, meeting the established 80/80 efficiency criterion; (2) students’ posttest learning achievement was significantly higher than their pretest achievement at the .01 level of statistical significance; and (3) students’ overall satisfaction with the instructional model was at the highest level.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that the 5E Inquiry-Based Learning model integrated with web-based interactive video is an effective instructional approach that meets the established efficiency criterion. The instructional model successfully enhanced students’ interest and facilitated meaningful learning of Parts of Speech, resulting in significantly higher posttest achievement compared with pretest performance. Furthermore, the participants reported the highest level of satisfaction because they were able to learn at their own pace, receive immediate feedback, and recognize practical ways to integrate educational technology into their future teaching practices

Guidelines for the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Modern School Administration under the Phichit Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Supharat Tongmai — 2026-09-20

Background and Aims: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern school administration serves as a key mechanism for enhancing the efficiency of educational management in response to technological changes. Administrators can utilize data and intelligent systems to support decision-making, planning, and the sustainable improvement of learning quality. The objectives of this study were: 1) to examine the current problems and supporting factors related to the application of AI in schools under the Phichit Primary Educational Service Area Offices 1, and 2) to analyze and propose approaches for applying AI in modern school administration under the Phichit Primary Educational Service Area Office 1.

Methodology: This study employed a mixed-methods research design. The sample group consisted of school administrators and teachers from 127 schools under the Phichit Primary Educational Service Area Office 1. The sample size of 300 participants was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s sampling table for a known population. The research instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The statistical methods employed for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The key informant group consisted of school administrators, teachers, and AI specialists from Phitsanulok University, totaling 9 persons, selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument used for this qualitative phase was an interview form.

Results: The problems that have led to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational institutions are generally rated at a high level, with an average score of 4.49. Opinions regarding the factors that promote the successful application of AI, based on the 4M framework, are rated at the highest level, with an average score of 4.52. The approaches to applying AI in modern school administration further highlight several factors that support successful implementation. These include infrastructure support such as internet connectivity, digital devices, and AI platforms; the development of personnel competencies; the design of curricula that integrate AI; the creation of a positive organizational culture toward technology; the establishment of external collaborative networks; and the allocation of sufficient budgets along with continuous research and evaluation. The use of AI in school administration is viewed as both an opportunity and a challenge. AI helps reduce repetitive workloads and enhances the efficiency of data storage, analysis, and synthesis. Nevertheless, AI cannot replace the decision-making roles of administrators and teachers, as human judgment and experience remain essential. At the same time, schools must also confront limitations in personnel skills, misunderstandings about the role of AI, and concerns about data security. To address these challenges, key guidelines for applying AI include establishing clear policies and plans, developing personnel knowledge and skills, allocating adequate resources and budgets, and utilizing AI for analysis, evaluation, and communication. When these components are implemented effectively, AI can play a meaningful role in enhancing the quality and efficiency of school administration.

Conclusion: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern school administration clearly enhances the efficiency of work performed by administrators and teachers, particularly in data management and analytical decision-making. However, the success of AI adoption depends on several key factors: adequate support for technological infrastructure, the development of personnel competencies, and the presence of clear policies within educational organizations.

Diagnosis of Defects and Misconceptions in Mathematics on Complex Numbers of Matthayom Sueksa Five Students

Atisak Yokee — 2026-09-20

Background and Aims: Mathematical knowledge and skills are essential for developing systematic thinking processes and serve as a foundation for higher education. However, the topic of complex numbers in additional mathematics for Matthayom Sueksa 5 (Grade 11) is abstract and complex, causing many students to experience learning difficulties and misconceptions. This study aimed to: 1) diagnose defects and misconceptions in additional mathematics on complex numbers of Matthayom Sueksa 5 students; and 2) compare these defects and misconceptions across three different study plans.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 115 Matthayom Sueksa 5 students at Rajprachasamasai Phaimathayom Rachadabhisek School under Royal Patronage during the second semester of the 2025 academic year, selected via stratified sampling. The sample included 35 students from a Gifted classroom (Science–Mathematics), 40 students from a regular classroom (Science–Mathematics), and 40 students from a regular classroom (Arts–Mathematics). The research instrument was a parallel diagnostic test for defects and misconceptions comprising 34 four-option multiple-choice items requiring student explanations. The instrument was validated for content validity with the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, and for option distribution consistency using Chi-square tests, yielding discrimination indices between 0.234 and 0.504, and an overall test reliability coefficient of 0.843. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage statistics.

Results: Overall, students across all three study plans exhibited the highest rate of defects and misconceptions in the aspect of complex number operations (27.8%), followed by the application of definitions, formulas, and properties (26.1%), and the interpretation of complex numbers (25.2%), respectively. When classified by classroom type, students in the regular Arts–Mathematics classroom showed error rates of 40% or higher on multiple items across all aspects: interpretation (4 items), application of definitions/formulas/properties (3 items), and operations (4 items). Comparative analysis revealed that the regular Arts–Mathematics classroom had the highest proportion of students with defects and misconceptions in all three aspects: interpretation (42.5%), application of definitions/formulas/properties (42.5%), and operations (45.0%).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Matthayom Sueksa 5 students, particularly those in the Arts–Mathematics study plan, lack deep conceptual understanding and exhibit procedural flaws in complex numbers. The diagnostic insights and identified causes of student errors serve as essential educational information for teachers to refine instructional design, incorporate conceptual learning activities, and deliver targeted remedial instruction to effectively resolve student misconceptions and learning defects.

The Development of Learning Management through SQ6R Techinique to Enhance English Reading Comprehension Ability for Grade 6 Students

Rungprakai Somsri — 2026-09-21

Background and Aims: English reading comprehension is a crucial skill; however, the 2024 Academic Year Grade 6 O-NET scores for Strand 1 (Standard Fl 1.1) averaged a low 33.49%. This aligns with Grade 6 students at Suratsawadee Phairoj School who failed to meet the 80% threshold in language comprehension due to limited vocabulary and grammar, negative attitudes, and unengaging lessons. To address this, the researchers applied the 8-step SQ6R technique for systematic reading development, a method that enables students to monitor their comprehension, generate and answer questions independently, analyze content structure, and reflect on their learning, thereby making reading more engaging and comprehensible. This study aimed to: 1) develop SQ6R-based learning management to meet the 80/80 efficiency criterion, 2) compare students' reading comprehension ability before and after the implementation, and 3) investigate student satisfaction with SQ6R learning management.

Methodology: This pre-experimental study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 26 Grade 6 students at Suratsawadee Phairoj School during the second semester of the 2025 Academic Year, selected via cluster random sampling. Research instruments included ten 1-hour SQ6R lesson plans, a 30-item 4-choice multiple-choice reading comprehension test (reliability = 0.79), and a 12-item 5-point rating scale satisfaction questionnaire (reliability = 0.52). Data were analyzed using Mean, Percentage, Standard Deviation (S.D.), E₁/E₂ efficiency ratios, and Dependent Samples t-test.

Results: 1) The SQ6R-based learning management consists of 8 steps: Survey, Question, Read, Record, Recite, Review, Reflect, and Reshape. The efficiency of the learning management was 87.14/83.85, exceeding the established criterion of 80/80. 2) The students' post-test reading comprehension scores (Mean = 25.15, S.D. = 1.85) were significantly higher than their pre-test scores (Mean = 12.35, S.D. = 2.83) at the .05 statistical level (t = 34.04, p < .001), confirming the research hypothesis. Furthermore, 3) overall student satisfaction with the SQ6R-based learning management was at the highest level (Mean = 4.59, S.D. = 0.52), with the instructor aspect receiving the highest score (Mean = 4.73), followed closely by the benefits received (Mean = 4.71).

Conclusion: SQ6R learning management effectively enhances English reading comprehension through its 8-step process, which trains students to guess vocabulary, identify main ideas, and capture specific details. This leads to higher achievement and maximum satisfaction. Instructors should clearly explain each step and select reading materials aligned with students' daily lives.

Innovative Leadership of Administrators Affecting the Effectiveness of Schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office, Bangkok 1

Aunchistha Somsuay — 2026-09-21

Background and Aims: Innovative leadership of administrators is a crucial factor that drives change and enhances the quality and effectiveness of educational management. Administrators with innovative leadership can generate new ideas, promote creative work, and develop the potential of personnel to effectively respond to educational changes. Therefore, this research aimed (1) to study the level of innovative leadership of administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1, (2) to study the level of school effectiveness under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1, and (3) to examine the innovative leadership of administrators that influences school effectiveness under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1.

Methodology: This research was a survey study. The population and samples consisted of school administrators and teachers under the jurisdiction of the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1 in the academic year 2024, totaling 5,079 individuals. The sample size of 364 respondents was determined based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table and selected using a stratified random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as Pearson’s correlation coefficient to test relationships between variables, and stepwise multiple regression analysis to determine the predictive power among variables.

Results: 1) The overall level of innovative leadership among administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1 was found to be high. Considering each aspect, the highest mean score was in the area of selecting individuals to create innovation, followed by creating an innovative atmosphere, while the lowest was in rewarding innovation. 2) The overall level of school effectiveness under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1 was at the highest level. By aspect, the highest mean was in the ability to produce students with high academic achievement, followed by the ability to solve internal school problems, while the lowest was in adaptability and development in response to environmental changes. And 3) The innovative leadership of administrators significantly influenced school effectiveness at the .01 level. The influential aspects included creating an innovative atmosphere, selecting individuals to create innovation, team building, innovation team management, collaboration with supporters, rewarding innovation, and skill development. These factors collectively predicted 54.40% of the variance in school effectiveness (R² = .544).

Conclusion: Administrators demonstrated a high level of innovative leadership, effectively fostering an atmosphere that encourages creativity and innovation within schools. The schools successfully achieved their goals, continuously improving both student quality and internal management. Moreover, the innovative leadership of administrators had a clear influence on school effectiveness, enabling schools to develop and adapt to changes efficiently.

The Development of Learning Achievement in Mathematics on Pictograph Charts for Grade 2 Students Through Learning Management Using Educational Games

Wanida Khamlek — 2026-09-22

Background and Aims: Mathematics is a fundamental discipline that plays an important role in developing logical thinking and problem-solving abilities, which are essential characteristics for learning and living in the twenty-first century. Mathematical knowledge helps develop fundamental numerical concepts and logical reasoning, which serve as an important foundation for learning in other fields of study, particularly at the elementary education level. This research aimed to: 1) compare the mathematics learning achievement of Grade 2 students on the topic of pictographs between an experimental group receiving instruction through educational games and a control group receiving conventional instruction; and 2) investigate the satisfaction of Grade 2 students with learning through educational games in mathematics on the topic of pictographs.

Methodology: This study employed an experimental research design using an experimental group and a control group with pretest and posttest measurements. The population consisted of 99 Grade 2 students from three classrooms at Ramkhamhaeng University Demonstration School, Bangna Campus, Bangkok, during the second semester of the 2025 academic year. The students in Classes 2/1 and 2/3 were taught in mixed-ability classrooms. Therefore, the researcher used a lottery-based randomization method to select the classroom for the experiment. The sample consisted of 33 Grade 2 students from Class 2/3 at Ramkhamhaeng University Demonstration School, Bangna Campus, during the second semester of the 2025 academic year. The sample was selected using cluster random sampling, with the classroom serving as the sampling unit.

Results: The findings revealed that: 1) The Grade 2 students in the experimental group who received instruction through educational games achieved significantly higher learning outcomes than those in the control group who received conventional instruction, at the statistical significance level of .05. 2) The Grade 2 students' satisfaction with learning through educational games in mathematics on the topic of pictographs was at a high level (x̄ = 2.74, S.D. = 0.45).

Conclusion: 1) Regarding mathematics learning achievement on the topic of pictographs, the Grade 2 students in the experimental group who received instruction through educational games demonstrated significantly higher learning achievement than the students in the control group who received conventional instruction, at the statistical significance level of .05. 2) Regarding the Grade 2 students' satisfaction with learning through educational games in mathematics on the topic of pictographs, the findings indicated that the students' satisfaction was at a high level.

Factors Influencing Cultural Capital and Soft Power of Local Restaurant Businesses on Tourism among Thai Tourists in Chiang Mai Province

Sompong Sumetkotchkorn — 2026-09-22

Background and Aims: Thai local food culture and the soft power of local restaurant businesses are cultural assets that have long attracted domestic and international tourists. Chiang Mai Province, a major tourism destination, offers diverse local cuisine with distinctive identities that contribute to cultural and gastronomy tourism. This research aimed to 1) examine the predictive influence of the cultural capital of local restaurants on the travel decisions of Thai tourists in Chiang Mai; 2) examine the predictive influence of the soft power of local restaurants on the travel decisions of Thai tourists in Chiang Mai; and 3) compare the relative predictive weight of cultural capital and soft power on the travel decisions of Thai tourists in Chiang Mai.

Methodology: This quantitative, cross-sectional research used a questionnaire as the research instrument. Because Thai tourists visiting Chiang Mai do not constitute a population with a complete sampling frame, the sample size of 400 was determined from Krejcie and Morgan's table under the assumption of a large, indeterminate population, and respondents were recruited through convenience sampling at major tourism and dining locations in Chiang Mai between March and May 2026, restricted to Thai tourists aged 18 years or older who had dined at a local restaurant during their visit. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation) and simple regression analysis.

Results: Cultural capital (food identity, atmosphere and storytelling, and cultural experience) and soft power (cultural charm, image building, and values) each showed a statistically significant positive predictive relationship with the travel decisions of Thai tourists in Chiang Mai (p < .05). The standardized coefficient for cultural capital (β = .512) was higher than that for soft power (β = .438); because the two coefficients came from separate simple-regression models rather than a single combined model, this comparison is descriptive and does not constitute a formal statistical test of difference.

Conclusion: Local restaurant businesses in Chiang Mai can draw on their cultural capital and soft power to strengthen tourist attraction and long-term competitiveness. The findings carry policy implications broadly consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) particularly SDG 8, SDG 10, SDG 11, and SDG 12 although the study did not directly measure employment, inequality, sustainability, or consumption indicators, so this alignment should be read as an implication rather than a direct empirical finding.

Technology Adoption and Environmental Responsibility Influencing the Purchasing Decisions of Electric Vehicles Among the Working-age Population in Nonthaburi Province

Ariya Phuvakeereevivat — 2026-09-22

Background and Aims: Climate change and urban air pollution linked to fossil-fuel transport have pushed many countries, Thailand included, to promote electric vehicles (EVs) as an alternative with the potential to reduce use-phase emissions. Yet consumer uptake in Thailand remains uneven, shaped by how people perceive both the technology itself and their own environmental responsibilities. This study therefore examined (1) the influence of technology adoption on EV purchasing decisions and (2) the influence of environmental responsibility on EV purchasing decisions among working-age car users in Nonthaburi Province.

Methodology: A quantitative survey was conducted with 385 working-age car users in Nonthaburi Province, using non-probability sampling (quota by gender and age combined with convenience sampling). The sample size was derived from Cochran’s formula for an unknown population at a 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error; this benchmark is reported to document how the sample size was set and should not be read as a guarantee of probability-based generalizability, given the non-probability sampling method actually used. The questionnaire, built on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and environmental-responsibility literature, covered demographics, technology-adoption perceptions, environmental responsibility, and purchasing decisions, and was checked for content validity (by three experts) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha .82–.91) before use. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and simultaneous (enter-method) multiple regression at the .05 significance level.

Results: Both technology adoption (β = 0.412, p < .001) and environmental responsibility (β = 0.358, p < .001) significantly predicted EV purchasing decisions, jointly explaining 45.6% of the variance (R² = 0.456, Adjusted R² = 0.451). Within technology adoption, perceived usefulness carried the strongest weight, followed by behavioral intention, attitude toward use, and perceived ease of use. Within environmental responsibility, environmental awareness contributed more than attitude toward eco-friendly products. The overall level of purchase decision remained only moderate despite generally favorable perceptions, indicating that other unmeasured factors such as price and charging-infrastructure availability may also warrant investigation.

Conclusion: Technology adoption and environmental responsibility act as complementary predictors of EV purchase decisions, though together they leave more than half of the variance unexplained. Given the cross-sectional, non-probability design, these findings should be read as predictive associations rather than causal proof, and generalization beyond the sample should be made with caution.

Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Reverse Logistics Systems in Thai E-commerce Businesses

Narongrid Yimchaloenpornsakul — 2026-09-23

Background and Aims: The rapid expansion of e-commerce in Thailand has intensified the complexity of product return management, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) facing resource constraints. An efficient reverse logistics system not only helps control costs and maintain customer satisfaction but also serves as a critical mechanism facilitating the transition toward a circular economy. This study aims to examine the influence of four factor groups (1) technology and information systems, (2) process and policy, (3) human resources and organization, and (4) supply chain collaboration and relationships on reverse logistics efficiency in Thai e-commerce businesses, and to rank these factors by their relative importance.

Methodology: This quantitative survey research employed an online questionnaire distributed to 250 managers or personnel responsible for operations, logistics, or customer service in Thai e-commerce SMEs. Participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. The instrument utilized a five-point Likert scale covering four independent variable groups and five perceived efficiency indicators. Multiple regression analysis was conducted for hypothesis testing. Due to the non-probability sampling method, the findings have limitations in generalizability to the broader population.

Results: All four factor groups demonstrated statistically significant positive effects on reverse logistics efficiency. Process and policy factors emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.352, p < .001), followed by technology and information systems (β = 0.284,
p < .001), human resources and organization (β = 0.267, p < .001), and supply chain collaboration (β = 0.198, p < .05). The model explained 42.3% of the variance in reverse logistics performance (R² = 0.423).

Conclusion: Enhancing process clarity and policy transparency, strengthening technological infrastructure, developing staff capabilities, and deepening supply chain partnerships all represent key approaches for improving reverse logistics efficiency in Thai e-commerce. These findings offer practical guidance for SME operators and inform policy directions for agencies promoting sustainable e-commerce development.

The competency of administrators affects the effectiveness of schools under Bangkok Metropolitan Administration

Chompoonoot Khamin — 2026-09-23

Background and Aims: Highly competent school administrators are like the heart of a school, nourishing every system to function smoothly. With steady leadership and a clear vision, they can inspire teachers and staff to move forward in the same direction. Systematic yet flexible management allows schools to respond effectively to change. As a result, a continuous and sustainable learning environment is fostered, leading the school toward tangible success. This research aims to: 1) Study the competencies of school administrators under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration; 2) Study the effectiveness of schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration; and 3) Examine the competencies of administrators that influence the effectiveness of schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.

Methodology: This research is quantitative in nature. The sample group consisted of 410 school administrators and teachers under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, selected using stratified random sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results: 1) The overall competency of school administrators under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration was found to be at the highest level. When considering each aspect individually, six aspects were rated at the highest level, and two aspects were rated at a high level. The highest average score was in self-development, followed by achievement orientation, while the lowest was in capacity development. 2) The overall effectiveness of school administrators under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration was also at the highest level. Among the specific aspects, the highest average score was in problem-solving ability, followed by productive capacity, while the lowest was in the ability to develop a positive attitude. 3) The competencies of school administrators that influenced school effectiveness under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration were statistically significant at the .05 level. The key competencies that contributed to overall school effectiveness included self-development, achievement-oriented management, communication and motivation, and analysis and synthesis. The multiple correlation coefficient (R) was .988, and the predictive efficiency (R²) was .976.

Conclusion: The competencies of school administrators play a key role in managing and enhancing the effectiveness of schools, ensuring that work aligns with the established goals. This includes both the management of human resources and the development of educational staff, which are crucial factors in promoting school effectiveness and excellence. Moreover, the findings of this study provide a knowledge base and guidelines for enhancing and developing the competencies of administrators, which directly influence the effectiveness of schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. This, in turn, leads to improved work performance and efficiency.

Synthesis and Development of Interactive Simulation-Based Learning Activities on Gas Laws

Nattharuja Sokudrua — 2026-09-26

Background and Aims: The topic of gas properties is highly abstract and complex, so students often find it difficult to understand and may develop misconceptions about the relationships among pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of particles; therefore, active learning activities and interactive simulations such as PhET should be used to help students visualize phenomena, manipulate variables, construct conceptual understanding, and improve learning achievement. The objectives of this research were to: 1) synthesize a conceptual framework for interactive simulation-based learning on Gas Properties; 2) develop learning activity models; and 3) investigate the effects of implementing these models to enhance students' learning achievement.

Methodology: This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology, using the Active Learning approach integrated with Interactive Simulations as the research framework. The target group consisted of 31 science education students at the Faculty of Education, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included: 1) the developed learning activity model, 2) activity sheets, 3) a learning achievement test, and 4) a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using basic statistics, including percentage, mean (M), and standard deviation (S.D.).

Results: The research results were 1) The synthesized conceptual framework, based on the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model, was assessed as highly appropriate by experts 2) The developed learning activity model consisted of six stages: Preparation, Software Tutorial, Simulation Exploration, Variable Correlation Testing, Summary and Discussion, and Post-Learning Assessment 3) The implementation of the model showed that students' post-learning achievement scores were significantly higher than their pre-learning scores. Furthermore, students expressed high levels of satisfaction with the learning management, particularly regarding the benefits gained and the learning media utilized.

Conclusion: The key contribution of this research is the 6-Stage Interactive Simulation (PhET) Learning Model, an innovative and effective approach for enhancing learning achievement, scientific process skills, and positive attitudes toward chemistry for learners in the Digital 5.0 era.

An Analysis of the Primary School Textbook "Huawen" (Book 6) Based on the International Curriculum for Chinese Language Education: HSK Level 3 Standard

Waratchaya Bunnak — 2026-09-26

Background and Aims: This research aims to investigate the alignment between the primary school Chinese textbook "Huawen" (Book 6) and the International Curriculum for Chinese Language Education (HSK Level 3), focusing on vocabulary volume, grammatical structures, lesson topics, and cultural elements. It also evaluates the suitability of the textbook as an instructional material for preparing students for the HSK Level 3 examination.

Methodology: The methodology comprised three main approaches: a literature research method to examine the HSK Level 3 standards and criteria, a textbook analysis method to systematically collect data on vocabulary, grammar, and contents within the textbook, and a comparative analysis method to evaluate discrepancies and alignment between the textbook contents and the standard benchmarks.

Results: Among the 237 new vocabulary items in the textbook, Level 1 and Level 2 words account for 71.7%, while Level 3 words comprise 18.1%. Grammatically, the textbook introduces approximately 35 points, covering only about 15% of the HSK Level 3 grammar requirements. The lesson topics predominantly feature fairy tales, Aesop’s fables, and cultural themes. While the textbook excels in reinforcing learners' foundational knowledge, it lacks sufficient coverage in high-level vocabulary volume and advanced grammatical points required by the standard.

Conclusion: As a standalone textbook, it may be insufficient to fully meet the school's objectives for elevating students' foundational Chinese proficiency to the targeted level. Consequently, it is necessary to supplement vocabulary and grammar during instruction, incorporate review stages, and provide aligned exercises or thought-provoking questions following each lesson to effectively assess and enhance student learning outcomes.

The Relationship between Organizational Climate and Participatory Management of School Administrators as Perceived by Teachers under Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Naput-un Katebunteong — 2026-09-26

Background and Aims: Rapid social and technological changes necessitate educational institutions to adapt toward participative management by decentralizing authority to administrators, teachers, and communities. This enables collective planning, decision-making, and evaluation in response to local contexts, as mandated by the National Education Act B.C. 2542 (1999). Successful participative management relies heavily on a positive organizational climate characterized by trust and open communication, which fosters motivation and reduces conflict. However, schools under the Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 still face constraints regarding workload, resources, and diverse contexts, preventing participation from reaching its full potential. This study investigated the relationship between organizational climate and participative management as perceived by teachers under this service area to provide empirical evidence for sustainable educational quality enhancement. The objectives were to study 1) the organizational climate of the schools, 2) the participative management of school administrators, and 3) the relationship between organizational climate and participative management as perceived by teachers under Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 283 teachers, determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table and selected through proportional stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a five-point rating scale questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of .958. The statistics used for data analysis included percentages, means, standard deviations, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient.

Results: 1) The overall and individual dimensions of organizational climate in schools were at a high level. The dimension with the highest mean was performance standards, followed by organizational structure, support, reward, and responsibility, respectively.
2) The overall participative management of school administrators was at a high level. The dimension with the highest mean was participation in implementation, followed by participation in evaluation, participation in decision-making, and participation in planning, respectively. 3) Organizational climate had a statistically significant positive relationship with participative management at the .01 level, exhibiting a very high degree of correlation (r_xy=.857)

Conclusion: The relationship between organizational climate and participatory management of school administrators as perceived by teachers under Saraburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 yields the following conclusions: 1) The high level of organizational climate indicates clear goals, operational procedures, and performance standards, enabling staff to align with policy directions and facilitating continuous monitoring and evaluation. 2) The high level of participative management demonstrates that administrators actively engage teachers, particularly in translating plans into practice and evaluating projects, thereby enhancing teachers' understanding of organizational goals and driving effective educational management. 3) The strong positive correlation (r_xy=.857) confirms that a supportive work environment, clear structure, mutually reinforcing performance standards, and an appropriate incentive system are crucial determinants in promoting greater teacher participation in school management.

Development of Digital Leadership among Teachers at Anukulnari School, Mueang District, Kalasin Province

Thanwarat Phonkraisorn — 2026-09-26

Background and Aims: This research on the development of digital leadership among teachers at Anukulnari School, Mueang District, Kalasin Province aimed to: 1) investigate the level of digital leadership development among teachers, 2) study the characteristics of digital teachers, 3) examine the relationship between the development of digital leadership and the characteristics of digital teachers, and 4) explore strategies to promote the development of digital leadership among teachers.

Methodology: The population used in this research consisted of 118 teachers from Anukoonnaree School, Mueang District, Kalasin Province, who were serving in the 2026 academic year. The research tool was a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the Enter Method.

Results: The findings revealed that: 1) the overall development of digital leadership among teachers was at a high level (μ = 4.21, σ = 0.45), with the highest mean in academic leadership, followed by innovative leadership and general leadership, 2) the overall characteristics of digital teachers were also at a high level (μ = 4.08, σ = 0.53), with the highest mean in personal characteristics, followed by knowledge and understanding, and skills and practices, 3) The development of digital leadership of teachers showed a high positive correlation with digital teacher characteristics (r = .785), statistically significant at the .01 level. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the three variables together explained 69.80% of the variance in digital teacher characteristics (R² = .698), with innovative leadership being the most significant predictor (Beta = .713, p < .001) and 4) and can be used to predict digital teacher characteristics with statistical significance (F = 87.779, p < .001).

Conclusion: Guidelines for fostering the development of teachers' digital leadership focus on three key areas: continuous digital training and capacity building—emphasizing hands-on practice, upskilling, and reskilling—as well as knowledge sharing, scaling up successful practices, and monitoring development outcomes. Next in importance is the development of school digital support and management systems, with a focus on the role of administrators, the establishment of a digital vision and culture, the creation of data-integrating systems or platforms, and the development of core teacher leaders. Regarding the development of digital infrastructure and resources, the emphasis is placed on ensuring that equipment, software, and internet systems are both sufficient and efficient. This reflects the need for a systematic and continuous approach to developing teachers' digital leadership—encompassing teacher development, support systems, and infrastructure—to effectively and tangibly facilitate the application of technology in instructional management.

Effects of Visualization Training on Target-Shooting Performance in an Online Game

Tanawanaphorn Srimuang — 2026-09-26

Background and Aims: Robert McKim, a professor of rapid visualization at Stanford University in the United States, wrote an article titled "Methods of Training and Visualization," emphasizing three interconnected aspects: 1. Seeing, 2. Imagination, and 3. Drawing. He states that many people do not always perceive everything clearly; some parts are missing or blurred (Prosofthcm, 2023). This study therefore aims to investigate the effect of visualization training on responses to stimuli in online games and to compare the effect of visualization training on target shooting in online games before and after training.

Methodology: The population for this study consisted of players competing in the VALORANT Community Tournament TH 2026, comprising 473 teams. The specific study population was drawn from teams eliminated in the first round of the 512-team bracket, totaling approximately 1,180 individuals. Based on the calculation criteria established by Boonchom Srisa-ard (2017), a sample of 40 players was selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Male players were designated as the first-stage sampling unit, followed by a second-stage selection of players aged 17–26. The selected sample underwent a four-week training program, with sessions held three days a week-Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays-from 19:00 to 19:35. The training involved shooting at targets within the game VALORANT; a total of 30 targets were used, each appearing and immediately disappearing if missed. The difficulty level was set to "General." Training was conducted using the "Train Your Brain" application (available on the Play Store or App Store) and the "Aim Lab" application. This study employed a quantitative research methodology, having a sample group participate in a visualization training program for four weeks, three days a week (Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday) from 7:00 PM to 7:35 PM. Data were analyzed by calculating the mean and standard deviation of the number of targets hit by the sample group before and after the training. The difference in the mean number of targets hit within the sample group before and after the training was compared using a dependent t-test.

Results: The target shooting test results for the sample group before training (number of targets) had a mean of 22.98 and a standard deviation of 0.64. The number of targets hit after training had a mean of 28.58 and a standard deviation of 0.15, respectively. The comparison of the mean difference in the number of targets hit within the sample group before and after training showed a statistically significant difference at the .05 level.

Conclusion: After training, the sample group achieved a higher number of hits compared to before training.

The Development of a School Administration Model Using Participatory Action Research: The PWAYS Model for Enhancing the Student Care and Support System to Promote Good Learning and Happiness of Students at Weerasatreeanusorn School

Prapapan Petprasomkoon — 2026-09-27

Background and Aims: Current social challenges lead to behavioral deviations and drug issues among youth. Weerasatri Anusorn School recognized the need to strengthen its student support system in line with the Ministry of Education’s "Good Learning, Living with Happiness" policy. This research aimed to study current and desirable states, and to construct, implement, and evaluate a school management model to enhance the student care system.

Methodology: This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology divided into 6 main steps, integrating Participatory Action Research (PAR) specifically in Step 3 and Step 5, which involved implementing the model in the school (conducted over 2 cycles across 2 academic years). The informants included deputy directors, teachers, school board members, parents, and experts, totaling 244 participants in Cycle 1 and 273 participants in Cycle 2. Research instruments consisted of 5-level rating scale questionnaires, teacher knowledge tests, and teacher competency assessment forms. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, percentage, Priority Needs Index (PNI), and content analysis.

Results: 1) The study of the current state revealed an overall moderate to good level, while the desirable state was at the highest level. The highest priority need was in the area of student problem prevention and resolution. 2) The constructed and developed school administration model, named the "PWAYS Model," consists of 5 components: (1) Policy, (2) Whole School Approach, (3) Active Learning, (4) Yen for Happiness, and (5) Sustainability. Experts evaluated the model's accuracy, propriety, feasibility, and utility at the highest level. And 3) The implementation and evaluation of the model showed that 100% of the teachers passed the knowledge assessment criteria and demonstrated competencies in active learning integrated with the student care and support system at the highest level (μ = 4.73 and 4.79, respectively). Regarding student quality, the characteristics of "Good Learning and Happiness" were elevated from a "Good" level to an "Excellent" level across all indicators, and the dropout rate decreased significantly. The overall satisfaction of administrators, teachers, school board members, and parents towards the model was at a high level (μ = 4.47). Furthermore, the model was successfully expanded and adopted by 10 other network schools.

Conclusion: The PWAYS Model achieved concrete success in integrating school administration with active learning and the student care and support system. This was evidenced by clear quantitative success indicators: all teachers (100%) improved their competencies, student quality was elevated to an "Excellent" level, and stakeholder satisfaction was at a high level (μ = 4.47). This innovation effectively enhanced students' academic achievements and well-being, fostered a strong collaborative network, and sustainably empowered students to achieve "Good Learning and Happiness."

Guidelines for Enhancing Personality and Fostering a Positive, InspiringMindset Among Residents of Chiang Khruea Subdistrict, Mueang District,Kalasin Province

Malisa Sriphalatham — 2026-09-27

Background and Aims: The research titled "Guidelines for personality enhancement and mindset transformation to foster positive inspiration among residents of Chiang Khruea subdistrict, Mueang district, Kalasin province" aimed to: 1) study the level of guidelines for enhancing the personality of residents in Chiang Khruea subdistrict, Mueang district, Kalasin province. 2) study the level of mindset transformation to foster positive inspiration among the residents of Chiang Khruea subdistrict, Mueang district, Kalasin province; 3) study the relationship between personality enhancement and mindset transformation towards positive inspiration among the residents of Chiang Khruea subdistrict, Mueang district, Kalasin province; and 4) study recommendations for guidelines on personality enhancement and mindset transformation towards positive inspiration for the residents of Chiang Khruea subdistrict, Mueang district, Kalasin province.

Methodology: The sample consisted of 375 individuals aged 18 years and older, registered as residents of Chiang Khruea subdistrict, Mueang district, Kalasin province; the sample size was determined using Yamane's formula. The research instrument was a 5-point rating scale questionnaire. Statistical methods used for data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the Enter method.

Results: The research findings revealed that: 1) The overall level of guidelines for enhancing the personality of residents in Chiang Khruea subdistrict, Mueang district, Kalasin province, was high. 2) The overall level of mindset transformation to foster positive inspiration among residents in Chiang Khruea subdistrict, Mueang district, Kalasin province, was high. 3) There was a statistically significant positive relationship between personality enhancement and the shift toward a positive, inspiring mindset among the residents of Chiang Khruea subdistrict, Mueang district, Kalasin province, at the .05 level significance. The significance test for the regression equation revealed that the equation was statistically significant and suitable for prediction (F = 106.553). 4) Recommendations for personality development include promoting regular exercise, community health activities, and accessible exercise facilities, while encouraging good grooming, healthy lifestyles, and self-care. Personality development training and mentoring should also be provided to strengthen self-confidence. To foster positive inspiration, initiatives should promote positive thinking, optimism, determination, self-confidence, and resilience through motivational programs, public lectures, and community campaigns.

Conclusion: Research findings on approaches to promoting personality development and changing mindsets to create positive inspiration among residents of Chiang Khrua Subdistrict, Mueang District, Kalasin Province, reflect a significant link between personality development and the enhancement of positive mindsets and inspiration, demonstrating a very high positive correlation. Theoretically, the research supports the idea that personality development encompasses not only external appearance but also relates to internal potential, including self-confidence, positive thinking, determination, goal setting, and coping with failure. In practice, local authorities and relevant sectors can utilize the research findings to design holistic community development plans or activities, integrating personality development with inspiration and life skills training. This aims to enhance self-confidence, self-reliance, and adaptability to change, ultimately leading to improved quality of life and sustainable community empowerment.

Development of a system for tracking procurement and budget use. Property and Revenue Group, Finance Division, Office of the President Maha Sarakham Rajabhat University

Prachote prachantasena — 2026-09-27

Background and Aims: This research aimed to develop a procurement and budget utilization tracking system for the Property and Revenue Group, Finance Division, Office of the President, Maha Sarakham Rajabhat University, and to evaluate the efficiency and user satisfaction of the developed system. The system was designed using Google Sheets as a cloud-based information management platform to record, monitor, and track procurement processes and budget utilization from procurement requests and approval procedures to expenditure monitoring. The system also provides real-time reporting and data visualization through dashboards, charts, and summary reports to support decision-making and enhance transparency in budget management.

Methodology: This study employed a Research and Development: R&D. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of closed-ended and open-ended questions. The sample comprised 20 personnel from the Property and Revenue Group, Finance Division, Office of the President, Maha Sarakham Rajabhat University, who were direct users of the system. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were used for data analysis.

Results: The findings revealed that the developed system was highly effective and well accepted by users. Most respondents (91.70%) indicated that the system was very easy to use, with a mean score of 4.92 (S.D. = 0.29). Similarly, 91.70% reported that the system effectively supported procurement and budget tracking, with a mean score of 4.92
(S.D. = 0.29). Regarding user satisfaction, respondents reported high levels of satisfaction across all dimensions. Ease of use received a mean score of 4.67, while expenditure tracking accuracy, operational speed, and system transparency each achieved a mean score of 4.83. These results indicate that the system significantly improved procurement monitoring and budget management efficiency. Users also suggested continuous system development, regular training programs, and expansion of the system to other departments within the university.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the procurement and budget utilization tracking system developed through Google Sheets proved to be an effective, cost-efficient, and practical tool for enhancing procurement management, budget monitoring, and organizational transparency. The system can serve as a model for other higher education institutions seeking to improve financial governance and operational efficiency through digital technologies.

The Effectiveness of Using POSSE Strategy Integrated with CIRC Technique to Enhance English Reading Comprehension Ability of Grade 6 Students

Piangta Tongrod — 2026-10-06

Background and Aims: English reading comprehension remains a persistent challenge for Grade 6 Thai EFL learners, as traditional instruction prioritizes translation, rote memorization, and teacher-centered methods with limited explicit strategy teaching. This study developed and evaluated the POSSE–CIRC Model, integrating the metacognitive POSSE strategy (Predict–Organize–Search–Summarize–Evaluate) with the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) technique. The primary aim was to examine the model’s effectiveness in improving reading comprehension; the secondary aim was to explore Grade 6 students’ perceptions of the model.

Methodology: A two-group pretest–posttest experimental design was employed. Participants were 25 Grade 6 students from one school in Phatthalung Province, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 13) receiving POSSE–CIRC instruction and a control group (n = 12) receiving conventional instruction. The intervention spanned 5 weeks (2 hours/week, 10 lesson plans). Instruments included parallel reading comprehension pretest/posttests (20 items, 6 sub-skills) and a 20-item perception questionnaire framed by the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) model. Data were analyzed via descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, paired-samples t-tests, Mann–Whitney U sensitivity analysis, effect-size calculation, and thematic analysis of qualitative responses.

Results: Pretest: No significant baseline difference between groups (p = .114). Posttest: The experimental group (M = 9.85, SD = 2.44) significantly outperformed the control group (M = 5.17, SD = 2.29), p = .001, with a very large effect size (Hedges’ g = 1.91). Within-group improvement: The experimental group’s mean score rose significantly from 6.31 to 9.85 (p < .001, Cohen’s d = 1.68), with all 13 students showing gains. Perceptions: Overall rating at a high level (M = 4.07, SD = 0.67), with Stimulus (M = 4.27) rated highest, followed by Organism (M = 4.02) and Response (M = 3.92). Qualitative findings highlighted clear explanations, structured steps, peer collaboration, improved comprehension, and strategy application.

Conclusion: The POSSE–CIRC Model effectively enhanced Grade 6 students’ English reading comprehension, with large, consistent gains and highly positive learner perceptions. The integration of POSSE’s cognitive scaffolding and CIRC’s cooperative support provided a balanced framework addressing both individual strategic processing and collaborative meaning-making. Further research with larger samples and across longer durations is recommended to examine long-term retention and generalizability

An Administration Model for the Student Care and Support System to Enhance Student An Administration Model for the Student Care and Support System to Enhance Student

Wanon Nonthawong — 2026-10-10

Background and Aims: The rapid advancement of digital technology has necessitated ‎the adaptation of student support system management to improve operational ‎efficiency, align with the context of educational institutions, and comprehensively ‎enhance student quality. The objectives of this research were to: (1) examine the ‎components, problem conditions, best-practice administrative processes, and ‎guidelines for administering the student care and support system; (2) develop an ‎administrative model for the student care and support system in the digital era using ‎the 7A Model to enhance student quality; and (3) evaluate the developed model for ‎schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Uthai Thani–Chai Nat. ‎

Methodology: This study employed a research and development (R&D) design ‎following an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach, conducted in three ‎phases. Phase 1 comprised (a) a synthesis of 11 core documentary sources ‎underpinning the six components reported in Table 1; (b) a census-oriented survey ‎targeting 68 school-level representatives one administrator and one teacher ‎responsible for the student care and support system from each of the 34 schools; (c) ‎documentary analysis of two best-practice cases represented in the findings (SMART ‎STCI Model and PHOHAK Model); and (d) a focus-group discussion with nine ‎purposively selected experts . Phase 2 constructed the model and its user manual ‎and examined them through a connoisseurship seminar of nine experts purposively ‎selected for expertise in educational administration, student care and support ‎systems, and digital technology, with substantial relevant professional experience. ‎Phase 3 used a document-based user evaluation of the model’s feasibility and utility; ‎no field implementation was undertaken. The target evaluator pool comprised the ‎‎68 school-level representatives from the 34 schools, All quantitative instruments ‎were designed as five-point rating scales and were subjected to content-validity and ‎reliability checks before use; the acceptance criteria were IOC ≥ 0.50 and Cronbach’s ‎α ≥ 0.70. Qualitative data were analysed by content analysis and quantitative data ‎by mean and standard deviation, interpreted against a five-level criterion; qualitative ‎and quantitative evidence was integrated at model construction and again in ‎interpreting the phase-3 results.‎

Results: The findings revealed that: (1) the key components of administering the ‎student care and support system in the digital era consisted of six components: ‎knowing students individually, student screening, student promotion and ‎development, problem prevention and resolution, student referral, and technology; ‎‎(2) the developed administrative model using the 7A Model comprised clear and ‎comprehensive elements, including principles, objectives, operational processes, and ‎evaluation. The expert evaluation indicated that the model’s suitability was at a high ‎level (x̄ = 4.28, S.D. = 0.54), while the user manual was rated at the highest level of ‎suitability (x̄ =4.78, S.D. = 0.38); and (3) the overall evaluation of the model showed ‎that its feasibility and utility were at a high level (x̄ = 4.33, S.D. = 0.43)‎

Conclusion: The digital-era student support system management model based on the ‎‎7A Model developed in this study was found to be appropriate, feasible, and ‎beneficial for implementation in student support system management. The model ‎therefore has the potential to be applied in educational institutions as a systematic ‎administrative mechanism for student care and support in the digital era. As the ‎present findings rest on expert and user judgement rather than field implementation, ‎its effects on student quality require verification through trial implementation in ‎schools.‎