Populism: What We can Learn from Latin America and the World
Keywords:
populism, Latin America, ThailandAbstract
Grounded on the (mis)understanding of populism in Thailand, this paper revisits a wide range of conceptual frameworks of populism in Latin America and the world. I propose that we should categorize them broadly into two groups according to their ontological significance: political or economic. Particularly fundamental in this paper will be theories, observations, and debates in Latin American populism studies, especially those put forth by Gino Germani, Torcuato di Tella, Kurt Weyland, Ernesto Laclau, Kirk A. Hawkins, Cas Mudde, Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Carlos de la Torre, and Rudi Dornbusch with Sebastian Edwards. Drawing on different conceptual frameworks developed here, a number of Latin American cases that have frequently been mentioned in Thai media outlets when they refer to the perils of populism are concomitantly examined: Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela. Essentially, the analysis focuses on the three countries’ socioeconomic developments and changes in public policies to assess how and why populisms in Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela – depending on theoretical lens, time and space – can or cannot be qualified as political and/or economic populism.
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