An Analytical Study of the Mediation Process for Conflict Resolution in the Tipiṭaka

Abstract

This research, entitled “An Analysis of the Mediation Process for Conflict Resolution in the Tipiṭaka,” aimed to: (1) study the mediation process for conflict management in general contexts; (2) examine the mediation process as presented in the Tipiṭaka; and (3) analyze and synthesize knowledge concerning the mediation process based on the Tipiṭaka. This study employed a qualitative research approach. Data were collected from the Tipiṭaka and relevant academic documents, together with field research through in-depth interviews with 10 key informants selected by purposive sampling. The key informants consisted of five scholars in Buddhism and Tipiṭaka studies and five scholars in conflict management and peace studies. The research instruments included a document analysis form and a semi-structured interview form. The data were analyzed using content analysis, synthesized, and presented descriptively.

The research findings were as follows: (1) In general contexts, mediation is an important mechanism for managing conflicts arising from differences in interests, competition over resources, and divergent attitudes. A mediator facilitates dialogue, communication, and mutual understanding to promote the peaceful resolution of disputes. (2) The mediation process presented in the Tipiṭaka emphasizes an examination of the causes of conflict associated with human defilements and wrong views, together with the application of Buddhist principles and the role of a mediator in resolving conflicts, as illustrated by the dispute over the Rohiṇī River. (3) The analysis and synthesis of knowledge concerning the mediation process based on the Tipiṭaka revealed that effective mediation depends on both the qualities and competencies of the mediator, as well as a process appropriate to the context of the conflict. These findings led to the development of the PEACE Model, comprising five components: Problem Analysis, Engagement Process, Appropriate Mediation, Core Competencies, and Effective Outcomes. The model provides a conceptual framework that can be applied to conflict management and the promotion of peace at the individual, organizational, and societal levels.