Approaches for Promoting Peaceful Coexistence in a Multicultural Society between Thai Buddhists and Thai Muslims: A Case Study of Rusamilae Municipality, Mueang District, Pattani Province

Abstract

A multicultural society comprises individuals from diverse ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds. Promoting peaceful coexistence among these groups is an essential factor in fostering mutual understanding, respect, and social harmony. This study aimed to examine approaches for promoting peaceful coexistence between Thai Buddhists and Thai Muslims in the Rusamilae Municipality, Mueang District, Pattani Province. The research employed a qualitative case study approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews involving 13 key-informants across three main groups: local administrative and community leaders, Thai Muslim residents, and Thai Buddhist residents. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key elements and strategies that contribute to peaceful coexistence in a multicultural context.

The findings revealed nine significant approaches, which can be categorized into three main components. The first component, constructive communication, includes three approaches: communicating with mutual understanding, engaging in respectful dialogue, and avoiding topics that may provoke tension or conflict. The second component, respect and acceptance of cultural diversity, encompasses four approaches: encouraging open dialogue and mutual learning between people of different religions, recognizing and embracing differences, organizing interfaith and community-building activities to strengthen relationships, and fostering cooperation and mutual assistance in addressing shared challenges. The third component, equality and access to resources, consists of two approaches: promoting fairness and justice without discrimination, and ensuring equal opportunities for all community members to access resources and public services. The study suggests that creating safe and inclusive platforms for dialogue between Thai Buddhists and Thai Muslims is vital for enhancing understanding and collaboration. Such spaces would allow individuals to share perspectives and cultural knowledge freely, serving as neutral grounds for mutual learning and communication. Furthermore, community-based initiatives that encourage people from different religious backgrounds to participate together in social, cultural, and development activities should be promoted to strengthen intergroup relationships and build trust. Employment and local recruitment practices should also adopt neutral and transparent criteria that are reasonable and widely accepted by all groups, helping to prevent discrimination and foster a sense of equality.