Khok Nong Na Peace Studies Model Management for Sustainable Development by Buddhist Peaceful Means

Abstract

This research article had three objectives: 1. to study and analyze the context, existing problems, causes, impacts, needs, and related concepts and theories concerning the management of the Khok Nong Na Santisuksa Model for sustainable development through Buddhist peace-based approaches; 2. to develop a management model for such practices; and 3. to present the outcomes of its implementation. The study employed Action Research methodology. The research area comprised model farmers who implemented integrated Khok Nong Na management of soil, water, wind, forest, and food systems in Prang Ku District, Sisaket Province, Thailand, guided by the Ariyasacca Model and the nine-step ladder process. Data were collected from real-world practice through in-depth interviews, critical reflection on the research process, and hands-on implementation, aiming to integrate modern concepts with Buddhist principles in designing a Khok Nong Na management process. Key informants included one monk, two academics, and seven local sages/farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis.

The research findings revealed that: 1. The study area, located outside the irrigation zone, experienced recurrent droughts, insufficient water for agriculture, high dependence on chemical fertilizers leading to increased production costs and debt, and a lack of knowledge in soil and water management. The application of the Khok Nong Na Santisuksa Model effectively addressed these issues through balanced management of soil, water, wind, forest, and food resources, alongside knowledge development, mindset adjustment, positive attitudes, and concrete action. 2. The integration of the Buddhist principle “U–A–Ka–Sa”—namely Utthāna-sampadā (diligence), Ārakkha-sampadā (careful protection), Kalyāṇamittatā (good friendship), and Samajīvitā (balanced livelihood)—provided clear direction for resource management, fostered community cooperation, strengthened food security, and sustainably enhanced quality of life. 3. The development of the PRANGKU Model, under the concept of “Good Water, Sufficient Water, Generous Hearts, and Contentment,” consisted of seven components: philosophy, resources, agriculture, nature, growth, knowledge, and unity. This model generated new knowledge in natural resource conservation, promoted compassion and peace within the community, and led to the emergence of the “Heart of Khok Nong Na”—a foundation for shared happiness, harmony, and sustainable coexistence.