Symbolism and Cultural Significance of Traditions Related to the Elderly in Thai Society

Abstract

This study aims to examine traditions related to the elderly in Thai society and to analyze the symbolic elements embedded within those traditions. Data were collected from documentary research, including academic literature, electronic databases from educational institutions, and relevant organizations, as well as books related to Thai traditions and life-cycle ceremonies. Four specific traditions were selected for analysis: Sae Yid (Longevity Celebration), Aab Nam Khon Kae (Water-pouring Ceremony for the Elderly), Tan Khan Khao Khon Thao Jam Sin (Almsgiving for the Elders Who Observe the Buddhist Precepts at the Temple), and Suep Chata (Life-prolonging Ritual). The analysis employed Victor Turner’s theory of ritual symbols and Arnold van Gennep’s concept of rites of passage. The findings reveal that these traditional practices consist of three categories of symbols: material symbols, behavioral symbols, and spatial symbols. The material symbols reflect blessings, expressions of reverence, cleansing of misfortune, and acts of faith. The behavioral symbols signify respect, gratitude, and the pursuit of auspiciousness. The spatial symbols, such as temple grounds, traditional homes, ritual pavilions, and sacred arches, serve as the sacred spaces for ceremonial activities within the community. The analysis, likewise, shows that these symbolic expressions align with Van Gennep’s rite of passage through ritual elements, such as age-based privilege, ceremonial restrictions, and beliefs in spiritual renewal. The study underscores the cultural importance placed on the elderly in Thai society. To preserve this significance, traditional practices honoring the elderly should be continuously supported and promoted to ensure their enduring presence in modern Thai culture.