The Development of Girimānandasutta Dhamma Audio Set Using Kano Analysis
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Abstract
Population aging in Thailand has increased the prevalence of chronic diseases and associated psychological distress among older adults. Mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, loss of meaning, and reduced resilience remain significant concerns, particularly among elderly individuals living with long-term illness. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the perceived quality of a Girimānanda Sutta-based Dhamma audio set designed as a culturally grounded Buddhist health innovation. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design consisting of two phases: first, the development of the Dhamma audio set through Buddhist textual analysis, literature synthesis, and expert consultation; and second, quality evaluation using a Kano-based questionnaire.
A multidisciplinary expert panel (N = 5), consisting of specialists in Buddhist doctrine, sociology, psychology, nursing care, and product design, assessed the developed audio set. Data were analyzed using content analysis, thematic analysis, descriptive statistics, Content Validity Index (CVI), and Kano classification. The content and thematic analysis of the Girimānanda Sutta revealed a three-stage therapeutic structure: recognition of suffering, contemplative cognitive intervention through the Ten Perceptions (dasa saññā), and spiritual transformation. Key contemplations such as impermanence (anicca), non-self (anatta), perception of unattractiveness (asubha), and mindfulness of breathing (ānāpānasati) were interpreted as supporting cognitive reframing, emotional regulation, acceptance of illness, and resilience.
The Kano analysis indicated positive expert evaluation of the audio set, with mean scores ranging from 3.93 to 4.53. Four of five quality dimensions were classified as Attractive qualities, especially comprehensibility and contextual alignment (M = 4.53), while technical appropriateness was classified as a one-dimensional quality. These findings suggest that simplified language, recovery-oriented framing, calm tonal delivery, and careful sound design are essential for developing Dhamma-based audio media for elderly users. The study contributes to applied Buddhist studies and to innovation in spiritual health by integrating Buddhist contemplative principles with user-centered design. Future research should test the intervention with elderly individuals with chronic illnesses to evaluate its actual effects on resilience and mental well-being.
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