An Application of Buddhist Mindfulness Meditation as a Complementary Approach to Depression Care

Abstract

Depression affects approximately 332 million people worldwide and can substantially impair emotional, cognitive, social, and physical functioning. Although effective psychological and pharmacological treatments are available, recurrent depression and residual symptoms remain important clinical challenges. This qualitative study explored the potential role of Buddhist mindfulness meditation as a complementary approach to depression care. Data were drawn from documentary analysis of selected canonical and interpretive Buddhist texts, particularly the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta and Ānāpānasati Sutta, and from in-depth interviews with three adults who had lived experience of depression and three experienced meditation teachers. Qualitative content analysis identified emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and somatic dimensions of depression, together with Buddhist interpretations involving greed (lobha), hatred (dosa), delusion (moha), craving, clinging, and mental proliferation. Participants described perceived improvements in emotional regulation, cognitive clarity, sleep, self-understanding, and sense of meaning associated with sustained mindfulness practice. The study’s principal contribution is the STOP model, a preliminary four-stage framework—Stop, Transform, Observe, and Practice—that integrates breath awareness, body-based mindfulness, contemplation of feelings and mental states, loving-kindness, and daily-life practice. The model is intended as a culturally and spiritually informed complement to professional depression care rather than as a substitute for clinical assessment, psychotherapy, medication, or crisis intervention when these are indicated. Because the study used a small purposive sample, relied on retrospective self-report, and did not assess clinical outcomes, its findings are interpretive and exploratory. Further empirical evaluation is required before claims can be made regarding the model’s safety, effectiveness, or comparative clinical value.