An Application of Buddhist Loving-Kindness (Mettā) for Social Conflict Resolution in Myanmar

Abstract

This article examines the application of Buddhist loving-kindness (mettā) as a constructive approach to social conflict resolution in Myanmar. Since the military coup of February 1, 2021, Myanmar has experienced intensified political instability, social polarization, violence, disorder, and the spread of unethical social media practices, including fake news and hate speech. These conditions have deepened distrust among communities and weakened the foundations of social peace. This study aims to analyze the causes of social conflict in Myanmar and explore how mettā, as understood in Buddhist doctrine and practice, may contribute to reducing conflict and promoting peaceful coexistence.

The study employs a qualitative documentary approach, analysing Buddhist canonical sources, commentarial traditions, and contemporary Buddhist writings on loving-kindness, nonviolence, social harmony, and moral development. The analysis focuses on four doctrinal dimensions of mettā: loving-kindness as one of the four sublime states of mind (brahmavihāra), loving-kindness as conciliation (sāraṇīyadhamma), loving-kindness in relation to the precept of non-killing (pāṇātipāta veramaṇī), and loving-kindness as a perfection (mettāpāramī).

The findings show that mettā is not merely an individual meditative practice but also an ethical and social principle capable of transforming attitudes, speech, and action. When applied to Myanmar’s conflict context, loving-kindness can help reduce hatred, retaliation, misinformation, and social hostility by cultivating compassion, patience, forgiveness, truthful communication, and nonviolent conduct. The article contributes to Buddhist studies and peace studies by presenting mettā as a practical Buddhist framework for resolving social conflict and fostering a peaceful life in Myanmar.