The Impact of Social Media on Generation Z: Influence on Well-Being and the Role of Mindful Healing in Promoting Life Balance
Main Article Content
Abstract
Social media usage has increasingly shaped the lives of Generation Z, often resulting in adverse mental and physical health outcomes. This pervasive influence on Gen Z's overall well-being highlights how mindful healing practices can promote a more balanced lifestyle. Generation Z is particularly vulnerable to the challenges posed by the digital age. This study explores the experiences of NBC-MBU at Fo Guang Shan Thai Hua Temple (佛光山泰華寺), where Buddhist educational practices intersect with contemporary well-being strategies.
The investigation unfolds across three interrelated dimensions. First, it examines the complex effects of prolonged social media engagement on mental health, emotional stability, and interpersonal relationships. Evidence suggests that extended exposure to social media is associated with increased levels of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and a decline in face-to-face communication skills, all contributing to an overall imbalance in daily life. Second, the study emphasizes the cultural and educational significance of Fo Guang Shan as an institution dedicated to promoting holistic well-being through the integration of Buddhist teachings. Finally, the analysis focuses on a structured mindful healing program delivered to NBC-MBU undergraduates. This program includes mindfulness practices such as guided chanting, reflective outdoor activities, and periods of digital disengagement, all designed to foster self-awareness and establish healthy boundaries in the face of digital overload.
Preliminary reflections from participants indicate that these mindful healing practices enhance mental clarity and support improved interpersonal interactions and emotional resilience. By offering a narrative account of the integration of ancient mindfulness traditions with modern well-being strategies, this case study contributes to broader discussions on digital well-being. It underscores the potential of culturally embedded practices to mitigate some of the adverse effects of digital engagement, thereby suggesting a promising avenue for fostering more balanced lifestyles in an era of rapid technological change.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The Journal of TCI is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence unless otherwise stated. Please read our Policies page for more information on Open Access, copyright and permissions.
References
Ahuja, S., & Grover, K. (2023). Excessive use of social networking sites and intention to invest in stock market among Gen Z: A parallel mediation model. Journal of Content, Community & Communication, 17(6), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.31620/JCCC.06.23/063
Ameen, N., Cheah, J., & Kumar, S. (2022). It's all part of the customer journey: the impact of augmented reality, chatbots, and social media on the body image and self‐esteem of generation Z female consumers. Psychology and Marketing, 39(11), 2110-2129. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21715
Amen Clinics. (2024 February 21). 5 Most Addictive Social Media Features. https://www.amenclinics.com/blog/5-most-addictive-social-media-features/
Anderson, M., Faverio, M., & Gottfried, J. (2023). Teens, social media and technology 2023. Pew Research Center.
Bergh, J., Pelsmacker, P., & Worsley, B. (2023). Beyond labels: segmenting the Gen Z market for more effective marketing. Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, 25(2), 188-210. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/yc-03-2023-1707
Britton, W. B., Shahar, B., Szepsenwol, O., & Jacobs, W. J. (2012). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy improves emotional reactivity to social stress: results from a randomized controlled trial. Behavior therapy, 43(2), 365-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.08.006
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598298
Chassiakos, Y. R., Radesky, J., Christakis, D., Moreno, M. A., & Cross, C. (2016). Children and adolescents and digital media. Pediatrics, 138(5), e20162593. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2593
Crosier, S. (2024). Gen Z, Social Media, and Mental Health: A generation raised on the internet is feeling its effects, navigating algorithms, and forging community. https://sph.emory.edu/news/news-release/2024/05/gen-z-social-media-mental-health.html
Dahl, C. J., Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J. (2015). Reconstructing and deconstructing the self: cognitive mechanisms in meditation practice. Trends in cognitive sciences, 19(9), 515-523.
Faelens, L., Hoorelbeke, K., Cambier, R., van Put, J., Van de Putte, E., De Raedt, R., & Koster, E. H. (2021). The relationship between Instagram use and indicators of mental health: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021. 100121
Faverio, M. & Sidoti, O. (2024, Dcember 12). Teens, Social Media and Technology 2024. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/12/12/ teens-social-media-and-technology-2024/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKC Ajw8If ABhBXEiwAxRHlsCggSpIIdznc_4jrWSqw4a2CXtJV7VocMqen 4UlwNEQQuxNfjnNpLRoCFy4QAvD_BwE
George, M. J., Jensen, M. R., Russell, M. A., Gassman-Pines, A., Copeland, W. E., Hoyle, R. H., & Odgers, C. L. (2018). Young adolescents’ digital technology use, perceived impairments, and well-being in a representative sample. Journal of Pediatrics, 219, 180-187.
Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., & Cavanagh, K. (2019). How do mindfulness-based Uhlscognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 52–60.
Hanh, T. N. (2008). The heart of Buddha’s teaching. Random House.
Harvey, P. (2013). An introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, history, and practices. Cambridge University Press.
Horner, I. B. (1993). The Anapanasati Sutta: Mindfulness of breathing [Commentary]. Wisdom Publications.
Horner, I. B. (Trans.). (1993). The collection of the middle length sayings (Majjhimanikāya, Vol. III). PTS.
Horner, I. B. (Trans.). (2007). The collection of the middle length sayings (Majjhimanikāya, Vol. I) (pp. 70–82). PTS. Retrieved February 25, 2025, from https://www.discoveringbudha.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ PTS-The-Collection-of-Middle-Length-Sayings-Vol-1-IB-Horner-1954. pdf
Huang, Y. C. (2007). Flame-like Ritual Music and Its Religious Connotations: The Case of the Buddhist Temple System in Taiwan. Taiwan Music Studies, 4. 20–38.
Hughes, L. & Borrett, A. (2024). Teenage social media use strongly linked to anxiety and depression. https://www.ft.com/content/bced2138-366b-448f-ab12-3c068199145a
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
Kapur, N., & Windish, D. M. (2012). Health literacy as a social determinant of health.
Kastenholz, C. (2021, May 17). Gen Z and the rise of social commerce. https://www.forbes.com/councils/forbesagencycouncil/2021/05/17/gen-z-and-the-rise-of-social-commerce/
Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2019). A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851
Kerr, S., & Kingsbury, M. (2023). Online digital media use and adolescent mental health. Health reports, 34(2), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202300200002-eng
Kiss, H., Fitzpatrick, K., & Pikó, B. (2020). The digital divide: risk and protective factors and the differences in problematic use of digital devices among hungarian youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 108, 104612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104612
Kullolli, T. & Trebicka, B. (2023). Generation Z and the Evolution of Social Media: A Two-Decade Analysis of Impact and Usage Trends. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development. 10(3). 77-83.
Lajnef, K. (2023). The effect of social media influencers’ on teenagers’ behavior: An empirical study using cognitive map technique. Current Psychology, 42, 19364–19377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04273-1
Liao, Y. (2018). The Philosophy and Practice of Humanistic Buddhism - A Sociological Analysis of Humanistic Buddhism in Fo Guang Shan. Essays in the Sociology of Human Buddhism, no. 1, pp. 302–318.
Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT). Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.011
Livingstone, S. (2017). iGen: why today’s super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy – and completely unprepared for adulthood. Journal of Children and Media, 12(1), 118–123. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17482798.2017.1417091
Lyngdoh, T., El‐Manstrly, D., & Jeesha, K. (2022). Social isolation and social anxiety as drivers of generation Z's willingness to share personal information on social media. Psychology and Marketing, 40(1), 5-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21744
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103–111.
Miller, K. A., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1988). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Contemporary Sociology, 17(2), 253.
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). (2024). Social media use and impact on mental health. https://www.nami.org/advocacy/policy-priorities/stopping-harmful-practices/social-media-use-and-impact-on-mental-health/
Pan, Y., Li, F., Liang, H., Shen, X., Bing, Z., Cheng, L., & Dong, Y. (2024). Effectiveness of Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction on Mental Health and Psychological Quality of Life among University Students: A GRADE‐Assessed Systematic Review. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1, 8872685. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/ 8872685
Pichler, S., Kohli, C., & Granitz, N. (2021). DITTO for Gen Z: A framework for leveraging the uniqueness of the new generation. Business Horizons, 64(5), 599–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.021
Rahula, W. (2007). What the Buddha taught. Grove Press.
Salam, E. (2023, April 28). Social media particularly damaging to mental health of Gen Zers, says study. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2023/apr/ 28/social-media-mental-health-gen-z
Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S. & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 16, 1-11.
Sharma, M., Kaushal, D., & Joshi, S. (2023). Adverse effect of social media on Generation Z users’ behavior: Government information support as a moderating variable. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 72, 103256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103256
Singh, D. V. (2023). Influencing Gen Z’s mindset towards a product through content marketing. EPRA International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies, 10(6), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.36713/ epra13508
Statista Research Department. (2022, February 22). Daily time spent on social networking by global internet users from 2012 to 2022 (in minutes) [Data set]. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/433871/daily-social-media-usage-worldwide/
Sun, L. (2023). Social media usage and students’ social anxiety, loneliness and well-being: Does digital mindfulness-based intervention effectively work? BMC psychology, 11(1), 362.
Tian, S. C., Cho, S. Y., Jia, X., Sun, R., & Tsai, W. S. S. (2023). Antecedents and outcomes of Generation Z consumers’ contrastive and assimilative upward comparisons with social media influencers. Sacred Heart University Digital Commons. https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/wcob_fac/696/
Toma, S.-G., Grădinaru, C., Hudea, O.-S., & Modreanu, A. (2023). Perceptions and Attitudes of Generation Z Students towards the Responsible Management of Smart Cities. Sustainability, 15(18). https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su151813967
Twenge, J. M., & Martin, G. N. (2020). Gender differences in associations between digital media use and psychological well‑being: Evidence from three large datasets. Journal of Adolescence, 79, 91–102. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.018
Vannucci, A., Flannery, K. M., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2020). Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(9), 1723–1735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.040
Vogels, E. A. & Gelles-Watnick, R. (2023, April 24). Teens and social media: Key findings from Pew Research Center surveys. https://www. pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/04/24/teens-and-social-media-key-findings-from-pew-research-center-surveys/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cjw KCAjw8IfABhBXEiwAxRHlsGLSerM2_znrj6A0_e46nlBy1qb7HfJdse zbmnvHG7YMzSRINz6D5BoCYMcQAvD_BwE
Walsh, L., Regan, A., Okabe‐Miyamoto, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2024). Does putting down your smartphone make you happier? the effects of restricting digital media on well-being. Plos One, 19(10), e0306910. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306910
Walshe, M. (Tran.). (1995). The long discourses of the Buddha: A translation of the Digha Nikaya. Wisdom Publications.
Wang, Y. (2015). A Preliminary Study on the Religious Beliefs of the “Four-Faced Buddha” in Thailand and Taiwan, Vol. 1. Social Science Literature Publishing.
World Economic Forum. (2024). Infographics: Global average time spent on social media per day 2024. https://www.weforum.org/ reports/ global-social-media-statistics-2024
Xu, Q. A., Chang, V., & Jayne, C. (2022). A systematic review of social media-based sentiment analysis: Emerging trends and challenges. Decision Analytics Journal, 3, 100073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2022. 100073