The Role of Tuệ Trung Thượng Sĩ in Vietnamese Buddhism During the 13th-14th Centuries

Abstract

This article investigates the pivotal role of Tuệ Trung Thượng Sĩ in the development of Vietnamese Buddhism during the 13th and 14th centuries, specifically within the context of the Trúc Lâm Yên Tử Zen school. He is recognized as a significant figure whose contributions profoundly influenced the trajectory of Buddhism during the Trần Dynasty in Vietnam. Employing a synthetic analytical methodology, this study examines three primary research objectives: (1) the biographical details of Tuệ Trung Thượng Sĩ and his relationships with key historical figures of the Trần Dynasty; (2) his role and influence in the establishment and doctrinal orientation of the Trúc Lâm Yên Tử Zen school; and (3) his characteristic activities and contributions to Trúc Lâm Buddhism.

          Through a comprehensive review of existing historical and Buddhist documents, this research assesses that Tuệ Trung Thượng Sĩ exerted a substantial influence on Vietnamese Buddhism during this period, both in terms of philosophical thought and practical application. The findings reveal that Tuệ Trung Thượng Sĩ played a crucial role in shaping the spiritual and ideological foundations of Trúc Lâm Buddhism, despite his lack of direct involvement in the formal administrative structures of the Buddhist establishment. His teachings and interactions with prominent figures of the time contributed significantly to the unique character of Trúc Lâm Zen. This study elucidates the enduring impact of Tuệ Trung Thượng Sĩ on the development of a distinctly Vietnamese form of Zen Buddhism, emphasizing his contributions to the intellectual and spiritual legacy of the Trần Dynasty. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of re-evaluating historical figures who influenced the development of Buddhism beyond formal institutional roles.