The Practical Ways of Good Action and Good Rebirth According to the Cycle of Life (Bhava-saṁsāra) in Buddhism
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Abstract
This article delves into the profound Buddhist doctrines of kamma (volitional action) and rebirth, exploring their intricate relationship within the overarching framework of bhava-saṃsāra, the cycle of existence. It begins by dissecting bhava-saṃsāra, highlighting its characteristics of impermanence (anicca), suffering (dukkha), and non-self (anattā), and elucidating how it is perpetuated by ignorance (avijjā) and craving (taṇhā) through the lens of Dependent Origination (Paṭiccasamuppāda). The discussion clarifies common misconceptions, particularly regarding the notion of a permanent, transmigrating self, emphasizing the conditioned nature of consciousness and the five aggregates. The paper then meticulously examines the concept of kamma, underscoring the pivotal role of intention (cetanā) in shaping ethical actions and their multifaceted consequences across various realms of existence. It further explores the nuances of rebirth, including the conditioning factors for human birth and the impact of wholesome actions on the quality of future lives. Drawing upon traditional Pāli canonical insights and contemporary Theravāda interpretations, the article presents a theoretically informed model of ethical action. This model integrates the cultivation of wholesome intentions, engagement in virtuous physical, verbal, and mental actions, and the development of wisdom (paññā). The article argues that a deep understanding and diligent application of these principles not only facilitate beneficial rebirths but also yield significant practical benefits in the present life, including enhanced mental clarity, emotional resilience, increased compassion, and a profound sense of ethical agency. This article underscores how these teachings provide a comprehensive framework for navigating existence and progressing towards the ultimate liberation of nibbāna.
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