The Holistic Well-Being Development Model for Employees in the Service Business Based on Buddhist Psychology

Abstract

This research aimed to: 1. examine the problems and components of holistic well-being among employees in the service industry based on Buddhist psychology; 2. develop a holistic well-being development model for service industry employees grounded in Buddhist psychology; and 3. propose the finalized holistic well-being development model for service industry employees based on Buddhist psychology. A qualitative research design was employed and conducted in three phases: Documentary research to construct the conceptual framework and research instruments; In-depth interviews with 19 experts in Buddhism, Buddhist psychology, general psychology, and the service industry; and Focus group discussions with 12 experts to refine the draft model. Data were analyzed using content analysis, matrix analysis, the 6'C QDAT technique, and triangulation.

The findings revealed that: 1. Holistic well-being of service industry employees consists of five dimensions—physical, mental, social, emotional, and intellectual well-being—which align with the theories of Ryff and Keyes; 2. The “PB WISE Model for Holistic Well-Being of Service Industry Employees Based on Buddhist Psychology” integrates principles from positive psychology and Buddhist psychology. The model comprises four phases: (1) foundation phase for understanding, (2) development and practice phase, (3) integration and mastery phase, and (4) continuous development phase; 3. The PB WISE Model was validated by three groups of experts for doctrinal correctness, theoretical completeness, and practical applicability in the service industry. The validation process led to the refinement and enhancement of the PB WISE conceptual framework.