THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUDDHIST INNOVATIVE STOCK MEDIA MODELING MARA IN THERAVADA BUDDHISM

Abstract

This research aims to achieve three objectives: 1) To study the narratives, roles, and characteristics of Mara in Theravada Buddhism; 2) To develop Buddhist innovative media in the form of Mara model puppets; and 3) To present these Buddhist innovations. The study employs qualitative research methodology, including document analysis and in-depth interviews with key informants selected through purposive sampling. The key informants comprise: 1) Experts in Buddhis m and 2) Experts in technology and design. The findings reveal that Mara in Buddhism can be classified according to the principle of The Five Mara. The researcher decoded abstract concepts (Dhamma-thitthana) into the concrete (Personification) through symbolic design and developed five three-dimensional (3D) puppet models as follows: 1) Abhisankhara Mara: Designed with a half-human, half-demon face and a lion's tail, representing the mental state conditioned by both merit and demerit. 2) Devaputta Mara: Adorned with excessive ornaments, symbolizing the burden of worldly conditions and attachment to materialism. 3) Maccu Mara: A black body bound with chains and thorns, signifying the inescapability of death. 4) Khandha Mara: Presented through three stages of life within a single form, representing the Three Characteristics and the deterioration of the aggregates. 5) Kilesa Mara: Featuring a cracked mirror as a symbol, representing self-deception and distortion of reality. The study also developed the conceptual model "The Mara-Awareness Transformation Model" a cycle of learning beginning with recognizing Mara, perceiving symbols, experiencing the innovation, and achieving mindful awareness. Analysis via the SMCR communication theory indicates that Buddhist digital innovations (AR, VR, and 3D Models) are effective channels for transforming youth behavior from rote memorization to visual experiential learning.