DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERNAL SUPERVISION MODEL BASED ON THE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO IMPROVE STUDENT QUALITY IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE OFFICE OF NAKHON SI THAMMARAT PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA 2

Abstract

This research and development study aimed to: 1) Investigate the actual conditions, expected conditions, and priority needs of internal supervision; 2) Develop an internal supervision model based on the learning ecosystem approach for enhancing student quality; and 3) Examine the appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness of the developed model for schools under the Nakhon Si Thammarat Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. A mixed-methods research design was employed in accordance with research and development procedures. The sample consisted of school administrators and teachers selected through stratified random sampling. The instrument was a five-point rating scale questionnaire with item-objective congruence indices ranging from .80 to 1.00 and an overall reliability coefficient of .94. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and the Priority Needs Index. The findings were synthesized to construct a conceptual framework and develop the model, which was subsequently validated by nine experts. The results revealed that: 1) the overall level of current internal supervision practices was low (  = 2.48), whereas the expected level was high (  = 4.49), and the highest priority need was the dissemination of internal supervision reports; 2) the developed model comprised key components, namely principles, objectives, a six-step supervision process, supporting mechanisms, and success conditions, grounded in the learning ecosystem approach that systematically integrates personnel, resources, technology, and collaborative networks; and 3) the validation results indicated that the model achieved the highest levels of appropriateness (  = 4.59), feasibility (  = 4.76), and usefulness for enhancing student quality (  = 4.79). These findings demonstrate that the model can serve as a systematic guideline for strengthening internal supervision in alignment with the school context.