THE GEO-POLITICS IN SRITHAMMASOKARAJA PERIOD

Abstract

This research article aims to analyze the general conditions of geopolitics, explore political and administrative governance concepts, and develop knowledge concerning the political geography of the Srithammasokaraja Period era. This is a qualitative study. Key informants include scholars in Buddhist studies, historians and archaeologists, government officials, politicians, and public members, a total of 25 individuals selected through purposive sampling. Additionally, a focus group discussion was conducted with 10 participants. Research instruments include structured interviews. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions and analyzed using descriptive methods. The research findings reveal that the general geopolitical conditions during the Srithammasokaraja Period indicate that the kingdom was on the Malay Peninsula, flanked by seas on both sides. This strategic location fostered the development of numerous port cities, making it highly suitable for trade and international contact. The kingdom served as a maritime trade hub, connecting with India, China, the Arab world, and Java. Regarding political and administrative governance, King Srithammasokaraja was pivotal in formulating political and military strategies. A system of subordinate cities known as the "Twelve Zodiac Cities" was established to reinforce stability and expand dynastic power. Both Buddhism and Brahmanism-Hinduism influenced governance during this period, guided by the principles of Dhammathipatai and Dhamma Raja. Temples and the Great Relic Pagoda were constructed to serve as spiritual centers for the people, and knowledge about geography, politics, and government in the Srithammasokaraja Period. The 4CENTER MODEL form consists of C1 = Administration Center, C2 = Management Center, C3 = Territorial Center, and C4 = Spiritual Center.