Cognitive Training Program to Improve Table Tennis Skills and Cognitive Ability in Primary School Students

บทคัดย่อ

Background and Aims: This study aims to explore the impact of cognitive training on enhancing table tennis skills and cognitive abilities among primary school students. Table tennis is a sport that significantly impacts students' physical and mental development, requiring high levels of coordination, attention, and decision-making skills. However, the integration of cognitive training with sports activities, especially in primary school settings, remains underexplored. The objective is to develop and evaluate a cognitive training program tailored to improve both table tennis skills and cognitive functions such as reaction time, attention, and spatial awareness. The study hypothesizes that combining cognitive training with traditional table tennis training will lead to significant improvements in both areas compared to traditional training alone.

Methodology: The study involved 30 primary school students from Xi'an, China, aged between 10 and 13 years, with an equal distribution of males and females. The sample was selected through a multi-step process: initial random sampling from five primary schools, followed by systematic sampling based on table tennis skill tests. The students were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=15) that underwent an 8-week cognitive training program alongside regular table tennis practice, and a control group (n=15) that followed only the traditional table tennis training. The cognitive training program included activities such as reaction time training, graphic integration exercises, spatial rotation tasks, and psychological resilience training. Data were collected through pre-tests, mid-tests, and post-tests, assessing table tennis skills (forehand stroke, backhand stroke, and service) and cognitive abilities (reaction time, attention, and spatial awareness). Statistical analyses included mean and standard deviation calculations, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures, and Bonferroni post hoc tests to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program.

Results: The results indicated significant improvements in both table tennis skills and cognitive abilities within the experimental group compared to the control group. For table tennis skills, the experimental group showed substantial increases in forehand stroke scores from 76.27±3.21 to 97.73±1.03, backhand stroke scores from 70.27±1.10 to 95.80±1.82, and service scores from 39.80±1.21 to 58.80±1.82. Similarly, cognitive abilities such as simple reaction time decreased from 468.00±12.95 ms to 288.07±16.40 ms, and choice reaction time decreased from 413.07±3.61 ms to 281.13±9.30 ms. These improvements were statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to the control group, which showed only modest improvements. The findings suggest that the cognitive training program effectively enhanced both the physical and cognitive aspects of table tennis performance in primary school students.

Conclusion: The study concludes that integrating cognitive training with traditional table tennis training significantly enhances both table tennis skills and cognitive abilities among primary school students. The cognitive training program, which included reaction time training, spatial awareness exercises, and psychological resilience training, proved effective in improving students' performance in table tennis. The results highlight the importance of incorporating cognitive training into sports education to optimize skill development and cognitive function. Future research should consider expanding the sample size, diversifying the age range, and conducting long-term follow-up studies to further validate these findings and explore the long-term effects of cognitive training on athletic performance.