Developing Guidelines to Manage 3x3 Basketball of University Students in Shaanxi Province

Tianxing Zheng; Prakit  Hongsaenyatham

doi:10.60027/iarj.2026.e293772

Authors

Tianxing Zheng Bangkokthonburi University, Thailand
Prakit Hongsaenyatham Bangkokthonburi University, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2196-0258

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60027/iarj.2026.e293772

Keywords:

Management Guidelines, 3x3 Basketball, University Students

Abstract

Background and Aim: With the vigorous development of China's sports industry, the promotion and development of basketball in universities is particularly important. 3X3 basketball, as an emerging form of basketball, is easier to promote and popularize among university students because of its small venue, small number of people, and short game time. The development of 3x3 basketball among university students in Shaanxi Province faces multiple challenges, including insufficient facilities, a lack of professional coaches and referees, weak competition systems, low student participation, and limited financial investment. Therefore, this research was to develop guidelines to manage 3x3 basketball for university students in Shaanxi province.

Methodology: This research was mixed-method research. The population of this research is the freshmen majoring in basketball at Xi’an Physical Education University for the academic year of 2024, a total of 3 classes, with 325 students. Through a simple sampling method, 1 class with a total of 112 students was selected as a sample group. For this research, 8 experts were interviewed to establish the core elements of guidelines. Additionally, 12 experts conducted a focus group discussion to develop guidelines. Finally, 8 experts conducted a connoisseurship discussion to confirm the developed guidelines. Mean, standard deviation, and content analysis were used to analyze the data in this research.

Results: Guidelines to manage 3x3 basketball of university student in shaanxi province was organized in four aspects, based on POLC framework as follows: (1) Planning comprises four elements: goal setting, core strategy, management process standardization, and collaborative planning based on shared interests; (2) Organizing comprises three elements: framework, division of labor, and personnel allocation; (3) Leading comprises three elements: motivation, communication, and team collaboration; (4) Controling comprises three elements: evaluation, risk management, and continuous improvement.

Conclusion: After 8 experts' evaluation, all experts unanimously confirmed that the proposed guidelines offer a comprehensive and practical framework for managing 3x3 basketball in Shaanxi Province. The guidelines were well-aligned with the POLC management framework.

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