The Development of a Health Literacy Care Model for the Elderly in Collaboration with Network Partners in Phayakkhaphumphisai District, Mahasarakham Province

Abstract

Background and Aims: Thailand has become a fully aged society, with a steadily increasing population of older adults. This demographic shift has contributed to a rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which impose a significant burden on the healthcare system through increased morbidity, premature mortality, and healthcare costs. Limited health literacy among older adults impairs their ability to manage their health effectively, thereby exacerbating these issues. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a community-based health literacy promotion model for elderly care through multi-sectoral stakeholder engagement in Phayakkhaphum Phisai District, Maha Sarakham Province.

Methods: This research utilized a Research and Development (R&D) design. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and included 32 community stakeholders and 32 older adults. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and structured questionnaires. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired samples t-test.

Results: The developed model comprised three key components: (1) implementation of the “3A 4S” operational strategy, integrated into the District Quality of Life Development Committee's framework; (2) clearly defined roles for community stakeholders in promoting health literacy; and (3) the establishment of a health literacy support system for older adults through community-based Health Stations. Post-intervention, both stakeholder knowledge and participation in elderly care improved significantly. Moreover, older adults demonstrated significantly higher levels of health literacy compared to baseline (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The participatory health literacy promotion model effectively enhanced health literacy among older adults while increasing stakeholder engagement in elderly care. The findings suggest that this model holds promise for broader implementation and adaptation to other target populations to improve community health outcomes.