The Strategy of Implementing Drug Prevention and Suppression Policies along the Thai-Republic of the Union of Myanmar Border to Practice, in the area of Responsibility of the 3rd Army Area

Abstract

Background and Aims: Drug trafficking along the Thai–Myanmar border poses a complex and persistent challenge, threatening national security and the well-being of border communities. The Third Army Region, which oversees the northern border provinces of Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, and Mae Hong Son, faces significant difficulties in controlling illicit activities due to the rugged terrain and cross-border operations led by ethnically-linked drug networks. These dynamics not only disrupt public safety but also undermine the quality of life in the region. The objectives (1) To analyze geographical and social factors contributing to the intensity of drug trafficking in Thai–Myanmar border areas under the jurisdiction of the Third Army Region; (2) To propose effective and sustainable strategic approaches for preventing and suppressing drug trafficking in the region.

Methodology: This qualitative study employed purposive sampling to select participants, including military officials, law enforcement personnel, administrative officers, and residents directly affected by drug issues. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. Additionally, relevant policy and operational documents were analyzed. Thematic content analysis was applied to interpret qualitative data and identify critical patterns.

Results: (1) Key contributing factors to drug trafficking include the geographical complexity of the border, limited accessibility, poverty, inequality, and the role of ethnic groups involved in transnational trafficking networks. (2) Effective strategic approaches include empowering community-based surveillance networks, providing technological and resource support, promoting alternative livelihoods, and enhancing cross-border cooperation with Myanmar. However, the policy recommendations were; (1) expanding state budget allocations and training for community networks; (2) integrating advanced surveillance technologies such as drones, GIS systems, and joint intelligence databases; (3) initiating proactive bilateral cooperation with Myanmar in border management and enforcement; and (4) implementing livelihood promotion programs to reduce community reliance on illicit activities.

Conclusion: Addressing drug trafficking in the Thai–Myanmar border region requires a holistic, multi-stakeholder approach that combines state intervention, community engagement, and international cooperation. Integrating local capacity-building with technological innovations will enhance the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of border drug prevention efforts.