“Military under Civilians” Reform: Case of Thailand and Indonesia
Keywords:
Military Reform, Military under Civilians, Comparative Policy, Military and Civil RelationsAbstract
This documentary research “‘Military under Civilians’ Reform: Case of Thailand and Indonesia” aims to conduct a comparative study of the progress of military reform policies in Thailand and Indonesia. The study spans from the political developments leading to the emergence of military reform movements to the incorporation of these reforms into official policies. It also examines the roles of policy entrepreneurs and various factors contributing to the success or failure of military reform policies in both nations. The findings indicate that Indonesia has made more significant progress in implementing "Military under Civilians" reforms compared to Thailand. Three critical factors account for the prominent differences in the implementation of military reform policies between Thailand and Indonesia includes: 1) Social inclinations and the continuity of multiple streams: problem stream, political stream, and policy stream; 2) The continuity of policy entrepreneurs’ roles within the political and cultural context; and 3) Legal frameworks that facilitate military reform.
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