The Political Economy of Anti-Corruption in China
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Published:
Dec 24, 2021
Keywords:
Political Economy, Anti-Corruption, China, Crony Capitalism, Communist Party
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to study the political economy of anti-corruption in China since the open-door and free trade policy that affected the increasing of number of corruptions in China, including anti-corruption strategies and measures from late 20th century up to the present. Research data collection was documentary research and data analysis through the political economy framework. The findings found that the corruptions among Communist party’s members and civil servants under the relations of crony capitalism became the influences of economic detraction and political legitimacy of Communist Party. The anti-corruption strategies and measures of Chinese Communist party were to against and protect the corruptions among Communist party’s member and network of interests in the private sector. private’s interest groups. The contribution of this research is to understand the political economy structure of anti-corruption in China and to contribute it as a lesson in understanding the context of Thailand.
Article Details
Section
บทความวิจัย (Research article)
References
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Ko, K. & Weng, C. (2012). “Structural Changes in Chinese Corruption.” The China Quarterly, 211: pp. 718–740.
Kuo, L. (2018, 31 July). 37,000 Chinese Officials Punished for 'Frugality Code' breaches. Retrieved March 8, 2019, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/31/37000-chi nese-officials-punished-for-frugality-code-breaches.
Larmour, P. & Wolanin, N. (2001). “Introduction.” In Larmour, P. & Wolanin, N. (eds). Corruption and Anti-Corruption (pp. 1-10). Canberra: ANU E Press.
Lu, X. (2000). Cadres and Corruption: The Organizational Involution of the Chinese Communist Party. California: Stanford University Press.
Mackerras, C. (2001b). “Government and Institutions.” In Mackerras, C. & McMillen, D. H. & Watson, A. (eds.). Dictionary of the Politics of the People’s Republic of China (pp. 9-10). New York: Routledge.
Makarapong, P. (2016). Yutthasāt khō̜ng Čhīn tō̜ ʻĒchīa samai prathānāthibō̜dī sī čhin phing : ค.ศ. sō̜ngphansipsām - sō̜ngphansiphok [China’s Strategy toward Asia during President Xi Jinping: 2013-2016]. Thesis, Master degree in Political Science Program in International Relation and Diplomacy, Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University. [in Thai]
Manion, M. (2015). “Institutional Design and Anti-Corruption in Main Land China.” In Heywood, P. H. (ed.). Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 242-252). New York: Routledge.
Manochanphen, N. (2017b). Čhīn čhat thap mai nai rō̜p hāsip pī ! kān prachum yai phak khō̜mmiunit thī ʻāt plīan thitthāng lōk [ China Re-Orgainze a New Army in 50 Years! A National Congress of the Communist Party Could Change the World Direction]. Retrieved March 6, 2019, from https://thestandard.co/china-communist-party-congress/. [in Thai]
Mantzopoulos, V. & Shen, R. (2011). The Political Economy of China’s Systemic Transformation: 1979 to the present. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Nojonen, M. (2003). “The Competitive Advantage with Chinese Characteristics–The Sophisticated Choreography of Gift-Giving.” In Kidd, J. B. & Richter, F. (eds.). Corruption and Governance in Asia (pp. 107-130). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pei, M. (2016). China’s Crony Capitalism: The Dynamics of Regime Decay. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Rose-Ackerman, S. (1978). Corruption: A Study in Political Economy. London: Wellesley College.
Rose-Ackerman, S. (1996). The Political Economy of Corruption-Causes and Consequences. Viewpoint, 74. World Bank, Washington, DC. Retrieved March 7, 2019, from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/11629
Saich, T. (2004). Governance and Politics of China. 2sd Edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Skidmore, D. (2017, 27 October). Understanding Chinese President Xi’s anti-corruption campaign. Retrieved March 7, 2019, from https://theconversation.com/understanding-chinese-p resident-xis-anti-corruption-campaign-86396.
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Suntharanurak, S. (2018) Kān padirūp kān trūat ngœ̄n phǣndin Čhīn yuk sī čhin phing [Chinese National Finance Audit Reform in Xi Jinping era.]. Retrieved December 11, 2018, from https:// thaipublica.org/2016/01/sutti-nacc-9/. [in Thai]
Sutheerachart, J. (2017). Sī čhin phing sān tō̜ khwām fan Čhīn kāo khao sū yuk mai sū kanpatirū thī lưksưng læ sombūn dūai nǣokhit mai mai phư̄a kānphatthanā [Xi Jinping Continues China’s Dream, Entering the New Era towards the Profound and Absolute Reform with New Paradigm for Development ]. Retrieved March 2, 2019, from https://thai publica.org/2017/11/eic-note-1-11-2560/. [in Thai]
Tangniran, A. (2018a). Chaptā Čhīn kǣkhai ratthammanūn [Keep an Eye on China Constitution Amendment]. Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://www.bangkok biznews.com/blog/detail/643986. [in Thai]
Tangniran, A. (2018b). Thammai kān kǣ ratthammanūn Čhīn čhưng samkhan ? [Why Amendment of China constitution Is Important?]. Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://www.bangkok biznews.com/blog/detail/644165. [in Thai]
Tantayakul, C. (2017). Yutthasāt Čhīn bon wēthī lōk [Chinese Strategy on the Global Stage]. Bangkok: Army Doctrine Development and Strategy Center, Army Training Command. [in Thai]
The State Council the People’s Republic of china. (2019). The State Council. Retrieved March 3, 2019, from http://english. www.gov.cn/.
Wang, F., Xu, L., Zhang, J. And Shu, w. (2018). Political Connections, Internal Control and Firm Value: Evidence from China' s Anti-Corruption, Journal of Business Research. 86(May): pp53-67.
Wedeman, A. (2004). “The Intensification of Corruption in China.” The China Quarterly, 2004: pp. 895-921.
Wedeman, A. (2012). Double Paradox: Rapid Growth and Rising Corruption in China. New York: Cornell University Press.
White, G. (1996). “Corruption and Market Reform in China.” IDS Bulletin 27 (2): pp.40-47.
Xinhua. (2012). Eight-point regulation. Retrieved March 2, 2019, from http://cpcchina.chinadaily.com.cn/2012-12/05/conten t_15992256.htm.
Yanyongkasemsuk, R. and Silmongkon, N. (2017). Khwāmpen pakati khō̜ng kān khō̜rapchan kap kān khao sū tamnǣng khō̜ng phanakngān sūan thō̜ngthin, wārasān wichākān manutsayasāt læ sangkhommasāt mahāwitthayālai būraphā [Normalization of Corruption and the Recruitment of Local Employees, Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Burapha University]. 25 (47): pp 19-41. [in Thai]
Yong, G. & Ran, L. (2004). “China.” In Transparency International. (ed.). Global Corruption Report 2004 (pp. 177-181). London: Pluto Press.
Yuen, S. (2013). “Disciplining the Party: Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption campaign and its limits.” China Perspectives, 2014 (3): pp. 41-47.
Zúñiga, N. (2018, 17 May). China: Overview of Corruption and Anti-Corruption. Retrieved December 11, 2018, from https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/helpdesk/china-overview-of-corruption-and-anti-corruption-1.
Achanapanya, N. (2012). ' Čhīn ' lui prāp thutčharit lāng phāp lop fư̄n chư̄aman [China Fights with Corruption, Clean Up Negative Image, Regain Confident] Retrieved March 2, 2019, from https:// www.posttoday.com/politic/analysis/164874. [in Thai]
BBC. (2016, 24 October). 'One Million' Chinese Officials Punished for Corruption. Retrieved March 9, 2019, from https://www. bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-37748241.
BBC. (2017). Kān kwātlāng khrang yai tai ngao sī čhin phing [Huge Cleaning Up under Shadow of Xi Jinping] Retrieved December 11, 2019, from https://www.bbc.com/ thai/international-41739342. [in Thai]
Bloomberg News. (2017, 28 November). Chinese General Commits Suicide as Xi’s Corruption Crackdown Grinds On. Retrieved March 1, 2018, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/ articles/2017-11-28/senior-chinese-military-officer-commits-suicide-xinhua-reports.
Deng, Jinting. (2018). The National Supervision Commission: A New Anti-corruption Model in China, International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. 52: March, pp 58-73.
Department for International Development. (2015). Why corruption matters: understanding causes, effects and how to address them. London: Department for International Development.
Dong, Bin and Torgler, Benno. (2013). Causes of Corruption: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 26(1), pp152-169.
Elliott, K. A. (1997). Corruption as an International Policy Problem: Overview and Recommendations. in Elliott, K. A. (ed.). Corruption and the Global Economy (pp. 175-233). Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.
Ferguson, G. (2018). Global Corruption: Law, Theory & Practice. Retrieved December 11, 2018, from http://dspace.library. uvic.ca/handle/1828/9253.
Girling, J. (1997). Corruption, Capitalism and Democracy. London: Routledge.
Grammaticas, D. (2012, 9 November). Power, Corruption and the Communists. Retrieved March 5, 2019, from https://www. bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-2 0273007.
Hatton, C. (2013, 28 January). How Serious is China on Corruption?. Retrieved March 6, 2019, from https://www.bbc.com/news /world-asia-china-21231198.
He, Z. (2000). “Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Reform China.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 33 (2000): pp. 243–270.
Holmes, L. (2016). Khō̜rapchan : khwāmrū chabap phok phā [Corruption: A Very Short Introduction]. Bangkok: Openworld. [in Thai]
Isaranan. (2014). Chāk patibatkān kamčhat malǣngwan læ fūng phayak sū patibatkān lai lā māčhingčhō̜k sō̜ngphansipsī khō̜ng sī čhin phing [From Eliminating Flies and Tigers" to "FoxChase in 2014" of Xi Jinping.] Retrieved January 25, 2019, from https://thaipublica.org/ 2014/11/campaign-dubbed-fox-hunt-2014-targets-corrupt-chinese-officials/. [in Thai]
Isaranan. (2015a). Khabūankān hak khīeo sư̄a læ det pīk malǣngwī malǣngwan khō̜ng sī čhin phing ( nưng ) [Breaking the Tiger's Fangs and Removing the Wings of a Drosophila Fly of Xi Jinping (1).] Retrieved January 26, 2019, from https://thaipublica.org/2015/01/xi-jinping-1/. [in Thai]
Isaranan. (2015b). Khabūankān hak khīeo sư̄a læ det pīk malǣngwī malǣngwan khō̜ng sī čhin phing ( sō̜ng ) [The Process of Breaking the Tiger's Fangs and Removing the Wings of a Drosophila Fly of Xi Jinping (2).] Retrieved January 26, 2019, from https://thaipublica.org/2015/01/xi-jinping-2/. [in Thai]
Isaranan. (2015c). Khabūankān hak khīeo sư̄a læ det pīk malǣngwī malǣngwan khō̜ng sī čhin phing ( sām ) [The Process of Breaking the Tiger's Fangs and Removing the Wings of a Drosophila Fly of Xi Jinping (3).] Retrieved January 26, 2019, from https://thaipublica.org/2015/01/xi-jinping-3/. [in Thai]
Isaranan. (2015d). Khabūankān hak khīeo sư̄a læ det pīk malǣngwī malǣngwan khō̜ng sī čhin phing ( hā ) [The Process of Breaking the Tiger's Fangs and Removing the Wings of a Drosophila Fly of Xi Jinping (Part 5): To Set Up New Rule by Punishing "Tiger and Fly" and Organizing the Society, Rich Kids] Retrieved January 26, 2019, from https://thaipublica.org/2015/01/xi-jinping-5/. [in Thai]
Jain, A. K. (2001). “Power, Politics, and Corruption.” In The Political Economy of Corruption. (pp. 3-10). London: Routledge.
Jakhar, P. (2018, 20 March). China's Anti-Corruption Campaign Expands with New Agency. Retrieved March 2, 2019, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-4345 3769.
Jinping, X. (2016). Sī čhin phing yutthasāt kānbō̜rihān prathēt [Xi Jinping Country Management Strategy]. Bangkok: Matichon Publishing House. [in Thai]
Ko, K. & Weng, C. (2012). “Structural Changes in Chinese Corruption.” The China Quarterly, 211: pp. 718–740.
Kuo, L. (2018, 31 July). 37,000 Chinese Officials Punished for 'Frugality Code' breaches. Retrieved March 8, 2019, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/31/37000-chi nese-officials-punished-for-frugality-code-breaches.
Larmour, P. & Wolanin, N. (2001). “Introduction.” In Larmour, P. & Wolanin, N. (eds). Corruption and Anti-Corruption (pp. 1-10). Canberra: ANU E Press.
Lu, X. (2000). Cadres and Corruption: The Organizational Involution of the Chinese Communist Party. California: Stanford University Press.
Mackerras, C. (2001b). “Government and Institutions.” In Mackerras, C. & McMillen, D. H. & Watson, A. (eds.). Dictionary of the Politics of the People’s Republic of China (pp. 9-10). New York: Routledge.
Makarapong, P. (2016). Yutthasāt khō̜ng Čhīn tō̜ ʻĒchīa samai prathānāthibō̜dī sī čhin phing : ค.ศ. sō̜ngphansipsām - sō̜ngphansiphok [China’s Strategy toward Asia during President Xi Jinping: 2013-2016]. Thesis, Master degree in Political Science Program in International Relation and Diplomacy, Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University. [in Thai]
Manion, M. (2015). “Institutional Design and Anti-Corruption in Main Land China.” In Heywood, P. H. (ed.). Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 242-252). New York: Routledge.
Manochanphen, N. (2017b). Čhīn čhat thap mai nai rō̜p hāsip pī ! kān prachum yai phak khō̜mmiunit thī ʻāt plīan thitthāng lōk [ China Re-Orgainze a New Army in 50 Years! A National Congress of the Communist Party Could Change the World Direction]. Retrieved March 6, 2019, from https://thestandard.co/china-communist-party-congress/. [in Thai]
Mantzopoulos, V. & Shen, R. (2011). The Political Economy of China’s Systemic Transformation: 1979 to the present. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Nojonen, M. (2003). “The Competitive Advantage with Chinese Characteristics–The Sophisticated Choreography of Gift-Giving.” In Kidd, J. B. & Richter, F. (eds.). Corruption and Governance in Asia (pp. 107-130). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pei, M. (2016). China’s Crony Capitalism: The Dynamics of Regime Decay. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Rose-Ackerman, S. (1978). Corruption: A Study in Political Economy. London: Wellesley College.
Rose-Ackerman, S. (1996). The Political Economy of Corruption-Causes and Consequences. Viewpoint, 74. World Bank, Washington, DC. Retrieved March 7, 2019, from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/11629
Saich, T. (2004). Governance and Politics of China. 2sd Edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Skidmore, D. (2017, 27 October). Understanding Chinese President Xi’s anti-corruption campaign. Retrieved March 7, 2019, from https://theconversation.com/understanding-chinese-p resident-xis-anti-corruption-campaign-86396.
Srisangnam, P. (2019). Thō̜t botrīan čhetsip pī sāthāranarat prachāchon Čhīn : čhāk satawat hǣng khwām ʻappayot ʻotsū sū China Corp [70 Years Lesson Learned of Peoples’s Republic of China: From a Century of Humiliation to China Corp]. Retrieved October 2, 2019, from https://thestandard.co/70th-anniversary-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china/.[in Thai]
Suntharanurak, S. (2016). Čhīn kap kānčhatkān panhā khō̜rapchan ( tō̜n thī 1) [China and Corruption Handling (Part 1)]. Retrieved December 11, 2018, from https:// thaipublica.org/2016/01/sutti-nacc-9/.[in Thai]
Suntharanurak, S. (2018) Kān padirūp kān trūat ngœ̄n phǣndin Čhīn yuk sī čhin phing [Chinese National Finance Audit Reform in Xi Jinping era.]. Retrieved December 11, 2018, from https:// thaipublica.org/2016/01/sutti-nacc-9/. [in Thai]
Sutheerachart, J. (2017). Sī čhin phing sān tō̜ khwām fan Čhīn kāo khao sū yuk mai sū kanpatirū thī lưksưng læ sombūn dūai nǣokhit mai mai phư̄a kānphatthanā [Xi Jinping Continues China’s Dream, Entering the New Era towards the Profound and Absolute Reform with New Paradigm for Development ]. Retrieved March 2, 2019, from https://thai publica.org/2017/11/eic-note-1-11-2560/. [in Thai]
Tangniran, A. (2018a). Chaptā Čhīn kǣkhai ratthammanūn [Keep an Eye on China Constitution Amendment]. Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://www.bangkok biznews.com/blog/detail/643986. [in Thai]
Tangniran, A. (2018b). Thammai kān kǣ ratthammanūn Čhīn čhưng samkhan ? [Why Amendment of China constitution Is Important?]. Retrieved January 24, 2019, from https://www.bangkok biznews.com/blog/detail/644165. [in Thai]
Tantayakul, C. (2017). Yutthasāt Čhīn bon wēthī lōk [Chinese Strategy on the Global Stage]. Bangkok: Army Doctrine Development and Strategy Center, Army Training Command. [in Thai]
The State Council the People’s Republic of china. (2019). The State Council. Retrieved March 3, 2019, from http://english. www.gov.cn/.
Wang, F., Xu, L., Zhang, J. And Shu, w. (2018). Political Connections, Internal Control and Firm Value: Evidence from China' s Anti-Corruption, Journal of Business Research. 86(May): pp53-67.
Wedeman, A. (2004). “The Intensification of Corruption in China.” The China Quarterly, 2004: pp. 895-921.
Wedeman, A. (2012). Double Paradox: Rapid Growth and Rising Corruption in China. New York: Cornell University Press.
White, G. (1996). “Corruption and Market Reform in China.” IDS Bulletin 27 (2): pp.40-47.
Xinhua. (2012). Eight-point regulation. Retrieved March 2, 2019, from http://cpcchina.chinadaily.com.cn/2012-12/05/conten t_15992256.htm.
Yanyongkasemsuk, R. and Silmongkon, N. (2017). Khwāmpen pakati khō̜ng kān khō̜rapchan kap kān khao sū tamnǣng khō̜ng phanakngān sūan thō̜ngthin, wārasān wichākān manutsayasāt læ sangkhommasāt mahāwitthayālai būraphā [Normalization of Corruption and the Recruitment of Local Employees, Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Burapha University]. 25 (47): pp 19-41. [in Thai]
Yong, G. & Ran, L. (2004). “China.” In Transparency International. (ed.). Global Corruption Report 2004 (pp. 177-181). London: Pluto Press.
Yuen, S. (2013). “Disciplining the Party: Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption campaign and its limits.” China Perspectives, 2014 (3): pp. 41-47.
Zúñiga, N. (2018, 17 May). China: Overview of Corruption and Anti-Corruption. Retrieved December 11, 2018, from https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/helpdesk/china-overview-of-corruption-and-anti-corruption-1.