Extending the Two-Tiered Mind Metatheory into the Therapeutic Realm: An Integrative Metatheoretical Framework for Psychotherapy and Intervention, with Cross-Cultural Empirical Examination of Its Core Human Propensities
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This research article has two integrally connected aims grounded in the development and substantiation of a unified metatheoretical framework for psychotherapy and intervention. First, drawing on the two core human propensities proposed in Ridthikerd’s 2024 Two-Tiered Mind Metatheory (TTM) as foundational premises, this paper introduces the TTM-Based Three-Axis Model for Psychotherapy and Intervention. The proposed model provides a structure to map major therapeutic approaches along three core dimensions. In the proposed model, Axis 1 highlights interventions that deal with mental health issues at the self-focus level. Therapies and interventions categorized in Axis 2 are those that emphasize shifting attention away from self-focus toward metacognitive awareness, facilitating transcendence beyond fixation on one’s self-focus. By doing so, individuals become less fixated and less over-identified with excessive and counterproductive self-protectiveness tendencies. Axis 3 captures interventions that focus on application-based approaches for dealing with everyday life problems effectively, bridging insight and practical action. As the TTM-Based Three-Axis Model is grounded in the Two-Tiered Mind Metatheory, it rests on the foundational assumption that the core human propensities proposed in the metatheory operate across cultures. The second aim of this paper was to empirically test this foundational assumption by examining the measurement invariance of the Core Human Propensities Scale across Thai and English-speaking samples. Using measurement invariance analysis, cross-cultural comparability of the Core Human Propensities Scale across the two samples was supported at the configural, metric, and scalar levels, although strict invariance was not achieved. Together, by presenting the conceptual development of the TTM-Based Three-Axis Model along with the empirical examination of its underlying assumptions, the current findings lay the groundwork for further advancing the Two-Tiered Mind Metatheory and contribute to a more unified, integrative, and empirically grounded framework for understanding psychotherapy and intervention.
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