Factors Related to Mortality Among COVID-19
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: The COVID-19 virus spread rapidly worldwide, causing a severe respiratory illness in some cases, even leading to fatalities. Therefore, studying the factors contributing to mortality is crucial in developing strategies to prevent disease and prepare adequately for unexpected situations, ultimately minimizing the impact on people’s lives. This study aim to study the factors affecting the mortality of patients with COVID-19.
Design: Analytical case-control study
Methods: This study assessed factors influencing COVID-19-related mortality in Pak Chong Nana Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, between July and December 2021. The study was divided into two groups, maintaining a 1:3 ratio between the study and control groups, 34 cases of COVID-19 deaths and 102 surviving COVID-19 patients in the control group. Selection was based on simple random sampling in the control group. Multivariable logistic regression revealed correlation magnitudes as adjusted odds ratios, accompanied by 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
Results: Statistically significant factors influencing COVID-19 patient mortality were age greater than or equal to 60 years (adjusted OR = 26.9, 95%CI: 3.1-229.93, p-value 0.003), presence of underlying disease (adjusted OR = 4.8, 95%CI: 1.4-17.09, p-value 0.015), abnormal respiratory rate (adjusted OR = 13.2, 95%CI: 3.4-51.76, p-value < 0.001), O2 saturation ≤ 94% (adjusted OR = 19.6, 95%CI: 5.1-75.24, p-value < 0.001), red severity level of initial care (adjusted OR = 30.8, 95%CI: 2.1-445.85, p-value 0.012), sepsis shock (adjusted OR = 60.7, 95%CI: 6.2-594.44,
p-value < 0.001), absolute lymphocyte count less than 1000 cell/mL² (adjusted OR = 19.4, 95%CI: 3.0-127.15, p-value 0.002), and abnormal initial chest x-ray result (adjusted OR = 9.7, 95%CI: 1.6-59.65, p-value 0.014).
Conclusion: Patients aged 60 or older, underlying disease, sepsis shock, abnormal respiratory rate, abnormal O2 saturation, red severity level on initial care, abnormal absolute lymphocyte count, and abnormal chest X-ray results impact mortality. Therefore, patients with these conditions should receive close monitoring according to critical care standards to reduce mortality rates.
Keywords: factors, death, patient infected with COVID-19
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