Predictors of Survival After Initiation of Palliative Care in Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2024–2026)
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Cancer patients receiving palliative care often have limited survival. Identifying factors associated with survival may support prognostication and appropriate care planning.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Methods: Data were collected from medical records of cancer patients receiving palliative care at Rayong Hospital between April 10, 2024 and March 31, 2026. A total of 300 patients were included. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize baseline characteristics. Survival was analyzed using median survival time and compared between groups using the log-rank test. Factors associated with survival were identified using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results: The median survival time after initiation of palliative care was 39 days (95% CI: 31-48). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that every 10-point decrease in the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) score (adjusted HR 1.36, p < 0.001), every 1 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine level (adjusted HR 1.11, p = 0.005), and hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin 2.5-3.49 g/dL; adjusted HR 1.57, p = 0.036) were independently associated with shorter survival.
Conclusion: The median survival time after initiation of palliative care among patients with cancer was 39 days. Lower Palliative Performance Scale (PPS), higher serum creatinine levels, and hypoalbuminemia of 2.5-3.49 g/dL were associated with shorter survival. These findings may support prognostic assessment and inform decisions regarding the appropriate timing of palliative care initiation.
Keywords: palliative care, cancer, survival analysis, survival predictors
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