Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malnutrition in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
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ABSTRACT
Background: Malnutrition is common among elderly people and has consequences for cognitive function. The screening of the elderly revealed an increase in mild cognitive impairment. The study of factors related to malnutrition and mild cognitive impairment contributes to beneficial future healthcare. This study aimed to determine and define the prevalence factors associated with malnutrition in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 135 persons who were over the age of 60 and had mild cognitive impairment. The study collected associated variables and assessed the nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA-SF).
Results: Approximately 53.33 percent of participants were in the group that had malnutrition or was at risk of malnutrition. The mean age of all participants was 71.43 years, with a majority of females. Most of the participants had not completed primary education and were unemployed. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 43.70 percent. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, malnutrition or risk of malnutrition was significantly associated with older age (AOR 1.07 per year, 95% CI 1.00–1.14, p = 0.0497), male sex (AOR 2.99, 95% CI 1.14–7.82, p = 0.026), and unemployment (AOR 4.01, 95% CI 1.59–10.13, p = 0.003), whereas each higher level of education was associated with lower odds (AOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36–0.94, p = 0.028). However, the relationship with polypharmacy was not found to be significant.
Conclusions: Malnutrition or risk of malnutrition was found in 53.33% of older adults with MCI and was associated with older age, male sex, lower educational level, and unemployment. These sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with malnutrition or risk of malnutrition. The recommendations are to assess the nutritional status of older individuals to encourage appropriate healthcare management and to promote nutritional support to improve their quality of life.
Keywords: older adults, malnutrition, mild cognitive impairment
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