THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL BASED ON THE PHILOSOPHY FOR CHILDREN APPROACH AND YONISO MANASIKARA CONCEPT TO ENHANCE CRITICAL THINKING FOR GRADE 6 STUDENTS

Abstract

This research aimed to: 1) Study the conditions, problems, and guidelines for instructional management, 2) Develop an instructional model, and 3) Evaluate and improve the aforementioned instructional model. This is a three-phase research and development study, as follows: Phase 1 studied the conditions, problems, and guidelines for instructional management. The sample group consisted of 267 school administrators and 280 teachers teaching Student Development Activities for Grade 6 students. Phase 2 developed the model. The target group consisted of 5 experts who examined the quality of the research instruments. Phase 3 evaluated and improved the model, with 5 experts serving as evaluators. The research instruments used were a questionnaire on the conditions, problems, and guidelines for instructional management, and a model evaluation form. The statistics employed were percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that: 1) Overall, the condition of instructional management was at the lowest level ( = 1.25, S.D. = 0.04), problems in instructional management were at the highest level ( = 4.62, S.D. = 0.15), and guidelines for organizing instructional activities were at the highest level ( = 4.54, S.D. = 0.07); 2) The developed model, named the SUPAROEK MODEL, comprised 5 components: 1) Principles, 2) Objectives, 3) Content, 4) Instructional Activities consisting of 8 steps - Step 1: Setup, Step 2: Understanding, Step 3: Practice, Step 4: Application, Step 5: Reflection, Step 6: Observation, Step 7: Evaluation, and Step 8: Knowledge Sharing - and 5) Measurement and Evaluation; and 3) The results of the expert evaluation of the model indicated that the developed model had overall appropriateness at the highest level ( = 4.57, S.D. = 0.10).