CYBER POWER AND UNITED STATES AS THE GLOBAL BRAIN

Abstract

This research article examines the role of the United States as a cyber superpower and analyzes the mechanisms that facilitate its position as the “Global Brain” in the context of the 21st century. The study employs the concept of the Global Brain in conjunction with David D. Clark’s four-layer cyberspace framework, consisting of the physical layer, logical layer, information layer, and user layer. This research adopts a qualitative methodology based on documentary research, drawing upon sources related to cybersecurity policy and the evolving dynamics of power in the digital era throughout the 21st century. The findings reveal that the United States possesses advantages across all layers of cyberspace, particularly through cyber development policies that promote control over digital infrastructure, technological innovation driven by private-sector leadership, and the influence of major technology companies. In addition, the United States has implemented comprehensive cyber strategies, including infrastructure investment, human resource development, and alliance-building, enabling it to shape information flows and sustain leadership within the international system. However, the dynamics of international political power have been challenged by the growing role of rival powers such as China and Russia, intensifying competition in cyberspace and contributing to technological fragmentation. Therefore, cyber power has become a crucial component of the global power structure. The concept of the Global Brain does not fully reflect a decentralized system; rather, it indicates a tendency toward the concentration of information within major powers and large technology corporations. This reflects the transformation of power in the digital age and underscores the importance of balancing innovation, security, and equitable access to information in the future, while effectively addressing governance risks and long-term challenges.